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Benjamin Peterson
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Purify (tm) and Quantify (tm) are commercial software quality
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assurance tools available from IBM <http://www.ibm.com/software/rational/>.
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Purify is essentially a memory access
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verifier and leak detector; Quantify is a C level profiler. The rest
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of this file assumes you generally know how to use Purify and
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Quantify, and that you have installed valid licenses for these
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products. If you haven't installed such licenses, you can ignore the
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following since it won't help you a bit!
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You can easily build a Purify or Quantify instrumented version of the
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Python interpreter by passing the PURIFY variable to the make command
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at the top of the Python tree:
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make PURIFY=purify
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This assumes that the `purify' program is on your $PATH. Note that
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you cannot both Purify and Quantify the Python interpreter (or any
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program for that matter) at the same time. If you want to build a
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Quantify'd interpreter, do this:
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make PURIFY=quantify
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Starting with Python 2.3, pymalloc is enabled by default. This
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will cause many supurious warnings. Modify Objects/obmalloc.c
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and enable Py_USING_MEMORY_DEBUGGER by uncommenting it.
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README.valgrind has more details about why this is necessary.
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See below about setting up suppressions. Some tests may not
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run well with Purify due to heavy memory or CPU usage. These
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tests may include: test_largefile, test_import, and test_long.
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Please report any findings (problems or no warnings) to python-dev@python.org.
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It may be useful to submit a bug report for any problems.
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When running the regression test (make test), I have found it useful
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to set my PURIFYOPTIONS environment variable using the following
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(bash) shell function. Check out the Purify documentation for
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details:
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p() {
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chainlen='-chain-length=12'
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ignoresigs='-ignore-signals="SIGHUP,SIGINT,SIGQUIT,SIGILL,SIGTRAP,SIGAVRT,SIGEMT,SIGFPE,SIGKILL,SIGBUS,SIGSEGV,SIGPIPE,SIGTERM,SIGUSR1,SIGUSR2,SIGPOLL,SIGXCPU,SIGXFSZ,SIGFREEZE,SIGTHAW,SIGRTMIN,SIGRTMAX"'
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followchild='-follow-child-processes=yes'
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threads='-max-threads=50'
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export PURIFYOPTIONS="$chainlen $ignoresigs $followchild $threads"
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echo $PURIFYOPTIONS
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}
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Note that you may want to crank -chain-length up even further. A
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value of 20 should get you the entire stack up into the Python C code
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in all situations.
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With the regression test on a fatly configured interpreter
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(i.e. including as many modules as possible in your Modules/Setup
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file), you'll probably get a gabillion UMR errors, and a few MLK
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errors. I think most of these can be safely suppressed by putting the
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following in your .purify file:
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suppress umr ...; "socketmodule.c"
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suppress umr ...; time_strftime
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suppress umr ...; "_dbmmodule.c"
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suppress umr ...; "_gdbmmodule.c"
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suppress umr ...; "grpmodule.c"
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suppress umr ...; "nismodule.c"
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suppress umr ...; "pwdmodule.c"
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Note: this list is very old and may not be accurate any longer.
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It's possible some of these no longer need to be suppressed.
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You will also need to suppress warnings (at least umr)
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from Py_ADDRESS_IN_RANGE.
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This will still leave you with just a few UMR, mostly in the readline
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library, which you can safely ignore. A lot of work has gone into
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Python 1.5 to plug as many leaks as possible.
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Using Purify or Quantify in this way will give you coarse grained
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reports on the whole Python interpreter. You can actually get more
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fine grained control over both by linking with the optional `pure'
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module, which exports (most of) the Purify and Quantify C API's into
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Python. To link in this module (it must be statically linked), edit
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your Modules/Setup file for your site, and rebuild the interpreter.
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You might want to check out the comments in the Modules/puremodule.c
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file for some idiosyncrasies.
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Using this module, you can actually profile or leak test a small
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section of code, instead of the whole interpreter. Using this in
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conjuction with pdb.py, dbx, or the profiler.py module really gives
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you quite a bit of introspective power.
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Naturally there are a couple of caveats. This has only been tested
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with Purify 4.0.1 and Quantify 2.1-beta on Solaris 2.5. Purify 4.0.1
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does not work with Solaris 2.6, but Purify 4.1 which reportedly will,
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is currently in beta test. There are funky problems when Purify'ing a
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Python interpreter build with threads. I've had a lot of problems
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getting this to work, so I generally don't build with threads when I'm
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Purify'ing. If you get this to work, let us know!
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-Barry Warsaw <bwarsaw@cnri.reston.va.us>
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