bpo-12915: Add pkgutil.resolve_name (GH-18310)

Doc/library/pkgutil.rst

@@ -227,3 +227,44 @@ support.
    then ``None`` is returned.  In particular, the :term:`loader` for
    :term:`namespace packages <namespace package>` does not support
    :meth:`get_data <importlib.abc.ResourceLoader.get_data>`.
+
+
+.. function:: resolve_name(name)
+
+   Resolve a name to an object.
+
+   This functionality is used in numerous places in the standard library (see
+   :issue:`12915`) - and equivalent functionality is also in widely used
+   third-party packages such as setuptools, Django and Pyramid.
+
+   It is expected that *name* will be a string in one of the following
+   formats, where W is shorthand for a valid Python identifier and dot stands
+   for a literal period in these pseudo-regexes:
+
+   * ``W(.W)*``
+   * ``W(.W)*:(W(.W)*)?``
+
+   The first form is intended for backward compatibility only. It assumes that
+   some part of the dotted name is a package, and the rest is an object
+   somewhere within that package, possibly nested inside other objects.
+   Because the place where the package stops and the object hierarchy starts
+   can't be inferred by inspection, repeated attempts to import must be done
+   with this form.
+
+   In the second form, the caller makes the division point clear through the
+   provision of a single colon: the dotted name to the left of the colon is a
+   package to be imported, and the dotted name to the right is the object
+   hierarchy within that package. Only one import is needed in this form. If
+   it ends with the colon, then a module object is returned.
+
+   The function will return an object (which might be a module), or raise one
+   of the following exceptions:
+
+   :exc:`ValueError` -- if *name* isn't in a recognised format.
+
+   :exc:`ImportError` -- if an import failed when it shouldn't have.
+
+   :exc:`AttributeError` -- If a failure occurred when traversing the object
+   hierarchy within the imported package to get to the desired object.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.9

Lib/pkgutil.py

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import importlib.util
 import importlib.machinery
 import os
 import os.path
+import re
 import sys
 from types import ModuleType
 import warnings
@@ -635,3 +636,71 @@ def get_data(package, resource):
     parts.insert(0, os.path.dirname(mod.__file__))
     resource_name = os.path.join(*parts)
     return loader.get_data(resource_name)
+
+
+_DOTTED_WORDS = r'[a-z_]\w*(\.[a-z_]\w*)*'
+_NAME_PATTERN = re.compile(f'^({_DOTTED_WORDS})(:({_DOTTED_WORDS})?)?$', re.I)
+del _DOTTED_WORDS
+
+def resolve_name(name):
+    """
+    Resolve a name to an object.
+
+    It is expected that `name` will be a string in one of the following
+    formats, where W is shorthand for a valid Python identifier and dot stands
+    for a literal period in these pseudo-regexes:
+
+    W(.W)*
+    W(.W)*:(W(.W)*)?
+
+    The first form is intended for backward compatibility only. It assumes that
+    some part of the dotted name is a package, and the rest is an object
+    somewhere within that package, possibly nested inside other objects.
+    Because the place where the package stops and the object hierarchy starts
+    can't be inferred by inspection, repeated attempts to import must be done
+    with this form.
+
+    In the second form, the caller makes the division point clear through the
+    provision of a single colon: the dotted name to the left of the colon is a
+    package to be imported, and the dotted name to the right is the object
+    hierarchy within that package. Only one import is needed in this form. If
+    it ends with the colon, then a module object is returned.
+
+    The function will return an object (which might be a module), or raise one
+    of the following exceptions:
+
+    ValueError - if `name` isn't in a recognised format
+    ImportError - if an import failed when it shouldn't have
+    AttributeError - if a failure occurred when traversing the object hierarchy
+                     within the imported package to get to the desired object)
+    """
+    m = _NAME_PATTERN.match(name)
+    if not m:
+        raise ValueError(f'invalid format: {name!r}')
+    groups = m.groups()
+    if groups[2]:
+        # there is a colon - a one-step import is all that's needed
+        mod = importlib.import_module(groups[0])
+        parts = groups[3].split('.') if groups[3] else []
+    else:
+        # no colon - have to iterate to find the package boundary
+        parts = name.split('.')
+        modname = parts.pop(0)
+        # first part *must* be a module/package.
+        mod = importlib.import_module(modname)
+        while parts:
+            p = parts[0]
+            s = f'{modname}.{p}'
+            try:
+                mod = importlib.import_module(s)
+                parts.pop(0)
+                modname = s
+            except ImportError:
+                break
+    # if we reach this point, mod is the module, already imported, and
+    # parts is the list of parts in the object hierarchy to be traversed, or
+    # an empty list if just the module is wanted.
+    result = mod
+    for p in parts:
+        result = getattr(result, p)
+    return result

Lib/test/test_pkgutil.py

@@ -186,6 +186,61 @@ class PkgutilTests(unittest.TestCase):
         with self.assertRaises((TypeError, ValueError)):
             list(pkgutil.walk_packages(bytes_input))
 
+    def test_name_resolution(self):
+        import logging
+        import logging.handlers
+
+        success_cases = (
+            ('os', os),
+            ('os.path', os.path),
+            ('os.path:pathsep', os.path.pathsep),
+            ('logging', logging),
+            ('logging:', logging),
+            ('logging.handlers', logging.handlers),
+            ('logging.handlers:', logging.handlers),
+            ('logging.handlers:SysLogHandler', logging.handlers.SysLogHandler),
+            ('logging.handlers.SysLogHandler', logging.handlers.SysLogHandler),
+            ('logging.handlers:SysLogHandler.LOG_ALERT',
+                logging.handlers.SysLogHandler.LOG_ALERT),
+            ('logging.handlers.SysLogHandler.LOG_ALERT',
+                logging.handlers.SysLogHandler.LOG_ALERT),
+            ('builtins.int', int),
+            ('builtins:int', int),
+            ('builtins.int.from_bytes', int.from_bytes),
+            ('builtins:int.from_bytes', int.from_bytes),
+            ('builtins.ZeroDivisionError', ZeroDivisionError),
+            ('builtins:ZeroDivisionError', ZeroDivisionError),
+            ('os:path', os.path),
+        )
+
+        failure_cases = (
+            (None, TypeError),
+            (1, TypeError),
+            (2.0, TypeError),
+            (True, TypeError),
+            ('', ValueError),
+            ('?abc', ValueError),
+            ('abc/foo', ValueError),
+            ('foo', ImportError),
+            ('os.foo', AttributeError),
+            ('os.foo:', ImportError),
+            ('os.pth:pathsep', ImportError),
+            ('logging.handlers:NoSuchHandler', AttributeError),
+            ('logging.handlers:SysLogHandler.NO_SUCH_VALUE', AttributeError),
+            ('logging.handlers.SysLogHandler.NO_SUCH_VALUE', AttributeError),
+            ('ZeroDivisionError', ImportError),
+        )
+
+        for s, expected in success_cases:
+            with self.subTest(s=s):
+                o = pkgutil.resolve_name(s)
+                self.assertEqual(o, expected)
+
+        for s, exc in failure_cases:
+            with self.subTest(s=s):
+                with self.assertRaises(exc):
+                    pkgutil.resolve_name(s)
+
 
 class PkgutilPEP302Tests(unittest.TestCase):
 

Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2020-02-02-10-08-25.bpo-12915.d6r50-.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+A new function ``resolve_name`` has been added to the ``pkgutil`` module.
+This resolves a string of the form ``'a.b.c.d'`` or ``'a.b:c.d'`` to an
+object. In the example, ``a.b`` is a package/module and ``c.d`` is an object
+within that package/module reached via recursive attribute access.