cpython/Doc/reference/simple_stmts.rst

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.. _simple:
*****************
Simple statements
*****************
.. index:: pair: simple; statement
Simple statements are comprised within a single logical line. Several simple
statements may occur on a single line separated by semicolons. The syntax for
simple statements is:
.. productionlist::
simple_stmt: `expression_stmt`
: | `assert_stmt`
: | `assignment_stmt`
: | `augmented_assignment_stmt`
: | `pass_stmt`
: | `del_stmt`
: | `return_stmt`
: | `yield_stmt`
: | `raise_stmt`
: | `break_stmt`
: | `continue_stmt`
: | `import_stmt`
: | `global_stmt`
: | `nonlocal_stmt`
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.. _exprstmts:
Expression statements
=====================
Merged revisions 59703-59773 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r59704 | christian.heimes | 2008-01-04 04:15:05 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 1 line Moved include "Python.h" in front of other imports to silence a warning. ........ r59706 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-01-04 04:22:53 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 10 lines Minor fix-ups to named tuples: * Make the _replace() method respect subclassing. * Using property() to make _fields read-only wasn't a good idea. It caused len(Point._fields) to fail. * Add note to _cast() about length checking and alternative with the star-operator. ........ r59707 | jeffrey.yasskin | 2008-01-04 09:01:23 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 3 lines Make math.{floor,ceil}({int,long}) return float again for backwards compatibility after r59671 made them return integral types. ........ r59709 | christian.heimes | 2008-01-04 14:21:07 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 1 line Bug #1713: posixpath.ismount() claims symlink to a mountpoint is a mountpoint. ........ r59712 | lars.gustaebel | 2008-01-04 15:00:33 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 5 lines Issue #1735: TarFile.extractall() now correctly sets directory permissions and times. (will backport to 2.5) ........ r59714 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-01-04 15:47:17 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 1 line Update links to bug/patch tracker ........ r59716 | christian.heimes | 2008-01-04 16:23:30 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 1 line Added interface to Windows' WSAIoctl and a simple example for a network sniffer. ........ r59717 | christian.heimes | 2008-01-04 16:29:00 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 1 line And here is the rest of Hirokazu Yamamoto's patch for VS6.0 support. Thanks Hiro! ........ r59719 | christian.heimes | 2008-01-04 16:34:06 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 1 line Reverted last transaction. It's the wrong branch. ........ r59721 | christian.heimes | 2008-01-04 16:48:06 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 1 line socket.ioctl is only available on Windows ........ r59722 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-01-04 19:24:41 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 1 line Fix markup ........ r59723 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-01-04 19:25:05 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 1 line Fix markup ........ r59725 | guido.van.rossum | 2008-01-05 01:59:59 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 3 lines Patch #1725 by Mark Dickinson, fixes incorrect conversion of -1e1000 and adds errors for -0x. ........ r59726 | guido.van.rossum | 2008-01-05 02:21:57 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Patch #1698 by Senthil: allow '@' in username when parsed by urlparse.py. ........ r59727 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-01-05 02:35:43 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 1 line Improve namedtuple's _cast() method with a docstring, new name, and error-checking. ........ r59728 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-01-05 03:17:24 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 1 line Add error-checking to namedtuple's _replace() method. ........ r59730 | fred.drake | 2008-01-05 05:38:38 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines clean up a comment ........ r59731 | jeffrey.yasskin | 2008-01-05 09:47:13 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 11 lines Continue rolling back pep-3141 changes that changed behavior from 2.5. This round included: * Revert round to its 2.6 behavior (half away from 0). * Because round, floor, and ceil always return float again, it's no longer necessary to have them delegate to __xxx___, so I've ripped that out of their implementations and the Real ABC. This also helps in implementing types that work in both 2.6 and 3.0: you return int from the __xxx__ methods, and let it get enabled by the version upgrade. * Make pow(-1, .5) raise a ValueError again. ........ r59736 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-01-05 16:13:49 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 1 line Fix comment typo ........ r59738 | thomas.heller | 2008-01-05 18:15:44 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 1 line Add myself. ........ r59739 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-05 18:49:17 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Fix C++-style comment. ........ r59742 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-05 20:28:16 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Remove with_statement future imports from 2.6 docs. ........ r59743 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-05 20:29:45 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Simplify index entries; fix #1712. ........ r59744 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-05 20:44:22 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Doc patch #1730 from Robin Stocker; minor corrections mostly to os.rst. ........ r59749 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-05 21:29:13 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Revert socket.rst to unix-eol. ........ r59750 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-05 21:33:46 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Set native svn:eol-style property for text files. ........ r59752 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-05 21:46:29 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines #1719: capitalization error in "UuidCreate". ........ r59753 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-05 22:02:25 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Repair markup. ........ r59754 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-05 22:10:50 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Use markup. ........ r59757 | christian.heimes | 2008-01-05 22:35:52 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 1 line Final adjustments for #1601 ........ r59758 | guido.van.rossum | 2008-01-05 23:19:06 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 3 lines Patch #1637: fix urlparse for URLs like 'http://x.com?arg=/foo'. Fix by John Nagle. ........ r59759 | guido.van.rossum | 2008-01-05 23:20:01 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Add John Nagle (of issue #1637). ........ r59765 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-01-06 10:02:24 +0100 (Sun, 06 Jan 2008) | 1 line Small code simplification. Forgot that classmethods can be called from intances. ........ r59766 | martin.v.loewis | 2008-01-06 11:09:48 +0100 (Sun, 06 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Use vcbuild for VS 2009. ........ r59767 | martin.v.loewis | 2008-01-06 12:03:43 +0100 (Sun, 06 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Package using VS 2008. ........ r59768 | martin.v.loewis | 2008-01-06 12:13:16 +0100 (Sun, 06 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Don't try to package msvcr90 for the moment. ........ r59769 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-06 15:17:36 +0100 (Sun, 06 Jan 2008) | 4 lines #1696393: don't check for '.' and '..' in ntpath.walk since they aren't returned from os.listdir anymore. Reported by Michael Haggerty. ........ r59770 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-06 15:27:15 +0100 (Sun, 06 Jan 2008) | 3 lines #1742: don't raise exception on os.path.relpath("a", "a"), but return os.curdir. Reported by Jesse Towner. ........ r59771 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-06 15:33:52 +0100 (Sun, 06 Jan 2008) | 2 lines #1591: Clarify docstring of Popen3. ........ r59772 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-06 16:30:34 +0100 (Sun, 06 Jan 2008) | 2 lines #1680: fix context manager example function name. ........ r59773 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-06 16:34:57 +0100 (Sun, 06 Jan 2008) | 2 lines #1755097: document default values for [].sort() and sorted(). ........
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.. index::
pair: expression; statement
pair: expression; list
.. index:: pair: expression; list
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Expression statements are used (mostly interactively) to compute and write a
value, or (usually) to call a procedure (a function that returns no meaningful
result; in Python, procedures return the value ``None``). Other uses of
expression statements are allowed and occasionally useful. The syntax for an
expression statement is:
.. productionlist::
expression_stmt: `expression_list`
An expression statement evaluates the expression list (which may be a single
expression).
.. index::
builtin: repr
object: None
pair: string; conversion
single: output
pair: standard; output
pair: writing; values
pair: procedure; call
In interactive mode, if the value is not ``None``, it is converted to a string
using the built-in :func:`repr` function and the resulting string is written to
standard output on a line by itself (except if the result is ``None``, so that
procedure calls do not cause any output.)
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.. _assignment:
Assignment statements
=====================
.. index::
pair: assignment; statement
pair: binding; name
pair: rebinding; name
object: mutable
pair: attribute; assignment
Assignment statements are used to (re)bind names to values and to modify
attributes or items of mutable objects:
.. productionlist::
assignment_stmt: (`target_list` "=")+ (`expression_list` | `yield_expression`)
target_list: `target` ("," `target`)* [","]
target: `identifier`
: | "(" `target_list` ")"
: | "[" `target_list` "]"
: | `attributeref`
: | `subscription`
: | `slicing`
: | "*" `target`
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(See section :ref:`primaries` for the syntax definitions for the last three
symbols.)
An assignment statement evaluates the expression list (remember that this can be
a single expression or a comma-separated list, the latter yielding a tuple) and
assigns the single resulting object to each of the target lists, from left to
right.
.. index::
single: target
pair: target; list
Assignment is defined recursively depending on the form of the target (list).
When a target is part of a mutable object (an attribute reference, subscription
or slicing), the mutable object must ultimately perform the assignment and
decide about its validity, and may raise an exception if the assignment is
unacceptable. The rules observed by various types and the exceptions raised are
given with the definition of the object types (see section :ref:`types`).
.. index:: triple: target; list; assignment
Assignment of an object to a target list, optionally enclosed in parentheses or
square brackets, is recursively defined as follows.
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* If the target list is a single target: The object is assigned to that target.
Merged revisions 69576,69579-69580,69589,69619-69620,69633,69703-69704,69728-69730 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r69576 | georg.brandl | 2009-02-13 04:56:50 -0600 (Fri, 13 Feb 2009) | 1 line #1661108: note that urlsafe encoded string can contain "=". ........ r69579 | georg.brandl | 2009-02-13 05:06:59 -0600 (Fri, 13 Feb 2009) | 2 lines Fix warnings GCC emits where the argument of PyErr_Format is a single variable. ........ r69580 | georg.brandl | 2009-02-13 05:10:04 -0600 (Fri, 13 Feb 2009) | 2 lines Fix warnings GCC emits where the argument of PyErr_Format is a single variable. ........ r69589 | martin.v.loewis | 2009-02-13 14:11:34 -0600 (Fri, 13 Feb 2009) | 2 lines Move amd64 properties further to the top, so that they override the linker options correctly. ........ r69619 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-02-14 11:00:51 -0600 (Sat, 14 Feb 2009) | 1 line this needn't be a shebang line ........ r69620 | georg.brandl | 2009-02-14 11:01:36 -0600 (Sat, 14 Feb 2009) | 1 line #5179: don't leak PIPE fds when child execution fails. ........ r69633 | hirokazu.yamamoto | 2009-02-15 03:19:48 -0600 (Sun, 15 Feb 2009) | 1 line Fixed typo. ........ r69703 | raymond.hettinger | 2009-02-16 16:42:54 -0600 (Mon, 16 Feb 2009) | 3 lines Issue 5229: Documentation for super() neglects to say what super() actually does ........ r69704 | raymond.hettinger | 2009-02-16 17:00:25 -0600 (Mon, 16 Feb 2009) | 1 line Add explanation for super(type1, type2). ........ r69728 | georg.brandl | 2009-02-17 18:22:55 -0600 (Tue, 17 Feb 2009) | 2 lines #5297: fix example. ........ r69729 | georg.brandl | 2009-02-17 18:25:13 -0600 (Tue, 17 Feb 2009) | 2 lines #5296: sequence -> iterable. ........ r69730 | georg.brandl | 2009-02-17 18:31:36 -0600 (Tue, 17 Feb 2009) | 2 lines #5268: mention VMSError. ........
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* If the target list is a comma-separated list of targets: The object must be an
iterable with the same number of items as there are targets in the target list,
and the items are assigned, from left to right, to the corresponding targets.
(This rule is relaxed as of Python 1.5; in earlier versions, the object had to
be a tuple. Since strings are sequences, an assignment like ``a, b = "xy"`` is
now legal as long as the string has the right length.)
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* If the target list contains one target prefixed with an asterisk, called a
"starred" target: The object must be a sequence with at least as many items
as there are targets in the target list, minus one. The first items of the
sequence are assigned, from left to right, to the targets before the starred
target. The final items of the sequence are assigned to the targets after
the starred target. A list of the remaining items in the sequence is then
assigned to the starred target (the list can be empty).
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* Else: The object must be a sequence with the same number of items as there
are targets in the target list, and the items are assigned, from left to
right, to the corresponding targets.
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Assignment of an object to a single target is recursively defined as follows.
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* If the target is an identifier (name):
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* If the name does not occur in a :keyword:`global` or :keyword:`nonlocal`
statement in the current code block: the name is bound to the object in the
current local namespace.
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* Otherwise: the name is bound to the object in the global namespace or the
outer namespace determined by :keyword:`nonlocal`, respectively.
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The name is rebound if it was already bound. This may cause the reference
count for the object previously bound to the name to reach zero, causing the
object to be deallocated and its destructor (if it has one) to be called.
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.. index:: single: destructor
The name is rebound if it was already bound. This may cause the reference count
for the object previously bound to the name to reach zero, causing the object to
be deallocated and its destructor (if it has one) to be called.
* If the target is a target list enclosed in parentheses or in square brackets:
Merged revisions 69576,69579-69580,69589,69619-69620,69633,69703-69704,69728-69730 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r69576 | georg.brandl | 2009-02-13 04:56:50 -0600 (Fri, 13 Feb 2009) | 1 line #1661108: note that urlsafe encoded string can contain "=". ........ r69579 | georg.brandl | 2009-02-13 05:06:59 -0600 (Fri, 13 Feb 2009) | 2 lines Fix warnings GCC emits where the argument of PyErr_Format is a single variable. ........ r69580 | georg.brandl | 2009-02-13 05:10:04 -0600 (Fri, 13 Feb 2009) | 2 lines Fix warnings GCC emits where the argument of PyErr_Format is a single variable. ........ r69589 | martin.v.loewis | 2009-02-13 14:11:34 -0600 (Fri, 13 Feb 2009) | 2 lines Move amd64 properties further to the top, so that they override the linker options correctly. ........ r69619 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-02-14 11:00:51 -0600 (Sat, 14 Feb 2009) | 1 line this needn't be a shebang line ........ r69620 | georg.brandl | 2009-02-14 11:01:36 -0600 (Sat, 14 Feb 2009) | 1 line #5179: don't leak PIPE fds when child execution fails. ........ r69633 | hirokazu.yamamoto | 2009-02-15 03:19:48 -0600 (Sun, 15 Feb 2009) | 1 line Fixed typo. ........ r69703 | raymond.hettinger | 2009-02-16 16:42:54 -0600 (Mon, 16 Feb 2009) | 3 lines Issue 5229: Documentation for super() neglects to say what super() actually does ........ r69704 | raymond.hettinger | 2009-02-16 17:00:25 -0600 (Mon, 16 Feb 2009) | 1 line Add explanation for super(type1, type2). ........ r69728 | georg.brandl | 2009-02-17 18:22:55 -0600 (Tue, 17 Feb 2009) | 2 lines #5297: fix example. ........ r69729 | georg.brandl | 2009-02-17 18:25:13 -0600 (Tue, 17 Feb 2009) | 2 lines #5296: sequence -> iterable. ........ r69730 | georg.brandl | 2009-02-17 18:31:36 -0600 (Tue, 17 Feb 2009) | 2 lines #5268: mention VMSError. ........
2009-02-19 00:22:03 -04:00
The object must be an iterable with the same number of items as there are
targets in the target list, and its items are assigned, from left to right,
to the corresponding targets.
.. index:: pair: attribute; assignment
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* If the target is an attribute reference: The primary expression in the
reference is evaluated. It should yield an object with assignable attributes;
if this is not the case, :exc:`TypeError` is raised. That object is then
asked to assign the assigned object to the given attribute; if it cannot
perform the assignment, it raises an exception (usually but not necessarily
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:exc:`AttributeError`).
Merged revisions 74821,74828-74831,74833,74835 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://svn.python.org/python/branches/py3k ................ r74821 | georg.brandl | 2009-09-16 11:42:19 +0200 (Mi, 16 Sep 2009) | 1 line #6885: run python 3 as python3. ................ r74828 | georg.brandl | 2009-09-16 16:23:20 +0200 (Mi, 16 Sep 2009) | 1 line Use true booleans. ................ r74829 | georg.brandl | 2009-09-16 16:24:29 +0200 (Mi, 16 Sep 2009) | 1 line Small PEP8 correction. ................ r74830 | georg.brandl | 2009-09-16 16:36:22 +0200 (Mi, 16 Sep 2009) | 1 line Use true booleans. ................ r74831 | georg.brandl | 2009-09-16 17:54:04 +0200 (Mi, 16 Sep 2009) | 1 line Use true booleans and PEP8 for argdefaults. ................ r74833 | georg.brandl | 2009-09-16 17:58:14 +0200 (Mi, 16 Sep 2009) | 1 line Last round of adapting style of documenting argument default values. ................ r74835 | georg.brandl | 2009-09-16 18:00:31 +0200 (Mi, 16 Sep 2009) | 33 lines Merged revisions 74817-74820,74822-74824 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r74817 | georg.brandl | 2009-09-16 11:05:11 +0200 (Mi, 16 Sep 2009) | 1 line Make deprecation notices as visible as warnings are right now. ........ r74818 | georg.brandl | 2009-09-16 11:23:04 +0200 (Mi, 16 Sep 2009) | 1 line #6880: add reference to classes section in exceptions section, which comes earlier. ........ r74819 | georg.brandl | 2009-09-16 11:24:57 +0200 (Mi, 16 Sep 2009) | 1 line #6876: fix base class constructor invocation in example. ........ r74820 | georg.brandl | 2009-09-16 11:30:48 +0200 (Mi, 16 Sep 2009) | 1 line #6891: comment out dead link to Unicode article. ........ r74822 | georg.brandl | 2009-09-16 12:12:06 +0200 (Mi, 16 Sep 2009) | 1 line #5621: refactor description of how class/instance attributes interact on a.x=a.x+1 or augassign. ........ r74823 | georg.brandl | 2009-09-16 15:06:22 +0200 (Mi, 16 Sep 2009) | 1 line Remove strange trailing commas. ........ r74824 | georg.brandl | 2009-09-16 15:11:06 +0200 (Mi, 16 Sep 2009) | 1 line #6892: fix optparse example involving help option. ........ ................
2009-09-16 13:05:59 -03:00
.. _attr-target-note:
Note: If the object is a class instance and the attribute reference occurs on
both sides of the assignment operator, the RHS expression, ``a.x`` can access
either an instance attribute or (if no instance attribute exists) a class
attribute. The LHS target ``a.x`` is always set as an instance attribute,
creating it if necessary. Thus, the two occurrences of ``a.x`` do not
necessarily refer to the same attribute: if the RHS expression refers to a
class attribute, the LHS creates a new instance attribute as the target of the
assignment::
class Cls:
x = 3 # class variable
inst = Cls()
inst.x = inst.x + 1 # writes inst.x as 4 leaving Cls.x as 3
This description does not necessarily apply to descriptor attributes, such as
properties created with :func:`property`.
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.. index::
pair: subscription; assignment
object: mutable
* If the target is a subscription: The primary expression in the reference is
evaluated. It should yield either a mutable sequence object (such as a list)
or a mapping object (such as a dictionary). Next, the subscript expression is
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evaluated.
.. index::
object: sequence
object: list
If the primary is a mutable sequence object (such as a list), the subscript
must yield an integer. If it is negative, the sequence's length is added to
it. The resulting value must be a nonnegative integer less than the
sequence's length, and the sequence is asked to assign the assigned object to
its item with that index. If the index is out of range, :exc:`IndexError` is
raised (assignment to a subscripted sequence cannot add new items to a list).
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.. index::
object: mapping
object: dictionary
If the primary is a mapping object (such as a dictionary), the subscript must
have a type compatible with the mapping's key type, and the mapping is then
asked to create a key/datum pair which maps the subscript to the assigned
object. This can either replace an existing key/value pair with the same key
value, or insert a new key/value pair (if no key with the same value existed).
For user-defined objects, the :meth:`__setitem__` method is called with
appropriate arguments.
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.. index:: pair: slicing; assignment
* If the target is a slicing: The primary expression in the reference is
evaluated. It should yield a mutable sequence object (such as a list). The
assigned object should be a sequence object of the same type. Next, the lower
and upper bound expressions are evaluated, insofar they are present; defaults
are zero and the sequence's length. The bounds should evaluate to integers.
If either bound is negative, the sequence's length is added to it. The
resulting bounds are clipped to lie between zero and the sequence's length,
inclusive. Finally, the sequence object is asked to replace the slice with
the items of the assigned sequence. The length of the slice may be different
from the length of the assigned sequence, thus changing the length of the
target sequence, if the object allows it.
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Merged revisions 75797 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://svn.python.org/python/branches/py3k ................ r75797 | georg.brandl | 2009-10-27 16:28:25 +0100 (Di, 27 Okt 2009) | 129 lines Merged revisions 75365,75394,75402-75403,75418,75459,75484,75592-75596,75600,75602-75607,75610-75613,75616-75617,75623,75627,75640,75647,75696,75795 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r75365 | georg.brandl | 2009-10-11 22:16:16 +0200 (So, 11 Okt 2009) | 1 line Fix broken links found by "make linkcheck". scipy.org seems to be done right now, so I could not verify links going there. ........ r75394 | georg.brandl | 2009-10-13 20:10:59 +0200 (Di, 13 Okt 2009) | 1 line Fix markup. ........ r75402 | georg.brandl | 2009-10-14 17:51:48 +0200 (Mi, 14 Okt 2009) | 1 line #7125: fix typo. ........ r75403 | georg.brandl | 2009-10-14 17:57:46 +0200 (Mi, 14 Okt 2009) | 1 line #7126: os.environ changes *do* take effect in subprocesses started with os.system(). ........ r75418 | georg.brandl | 2009-10-14 20:48:32 +0200 (Mi, 14 Okt 2009) | 1 line #7116: str.join() takes an iterable. ........ r75459 | georg.brandl | 2009-10-17 10:57:43 +0200 (Sa, 17 Okt 2009) | 1 line Fix refleaks in _ctypes PyCSimpleType_New, which fixes the refleak seen in test___all__. ........ r75484 | georg.brandl | 2009-10-18 09:58:12 +0200 (So, 18 Okt 2009) | 1 line Fix missing word. ........ r75592 | georg.brandl | 2009-10-22 09:05:48 +0200 (Do, 22 Okt 2009) | 1 line Fix punctuation. ........ r75593 | georg.brandl | 2009-10-22 09:06:49 +0200 (Do, 22 Okt 2009) | 1 line Revert unintended change. ........ r75594 | georg.brandl | 2009-10-22 09:56:02 +0200 (Do, 22 Okt 2009) | 1 line Fix markup. ........ r75595 | georg.brandl | 2009-10-22 09:56:56 +0200 (Do, 22 Okt 2009) | 1 line Fix duplicate target. ........ r75596 | georg.brandl | 2009-10-22 10:05:04 +0200 (Do, 22 Okt 2009) | 1 line Add a new directive marking up implementation details and start using it. ........ r75600 | georg.brandl | 2009-10-22 13:01:46 +0200 (Do, 22 Okt 2009) | 1 line Make it more robust. ........ r75602 | georg.brandl | 2009-10-22 13:28:06 +0200 (Do, 22 Okt 2009) | 1 line Document new directive. ........ r75603 | georg.brandl | 2009-10-22 13:28:23 +0200 (Do, 22 Okt 2009) | 1 line Allow short form with text as argument. ........ r75604 | georg.brandl | 2009-10-22 13:36:50 +0200 (Do, 22 Okt 2009) | 1 line Fix stylesheet for multi-paragraph impl-details. ........ r75605 | georg.brandl | 2009-10-22 13:48:10 +0200 (Do, 22 Okt 2009) | 1 line Use "impl-detail" directive where applicable. ........ r75606 | georg.brandl | 2009-10-22 17:00:06 +0200 (Do, 22 Okt 2009) | 1 line #6324: membership test tries iteration via __iter__. ........ r75607 | georg.brandl | 2009-10-22 17:04:09 +0200 (Do, 22 Okt 2009) | 1 line #7088: document new functions in signal as Unix-only. ........ r75610 | georg.brandl | 2009-10-22 17:27:24 +0200 (Do, 22 Okt 2009) | 1 line Reorder __slots__ fine print and add a clarification. ........ r75611 | georg.brandl | 2009-10-22 17:42:32 +0200 (Do, 22 Okt 2009) | 1 line #7035: improve docs of the various <method>_errors() functions, and give them docstrings. ........ r75612 | georg.brandl | 2009-10-22 17:52:15 +0200 (Do, 22 Okt 2009) | 1 line #7156: document curses as Unix-only. ........ r75613 | georg.brandl | 2009-10-22 17:54:35 +0200 (Do, 22 Okt 2009) | 1 line #6977: getopt does not support optional option arguments. ........ r75616 | georg.brandl | 2009-10-22 18:17:05 +0200 (Do, 22 Okt 2009) | 1 line Add proper references. ........ r75617 | georg.brandl | 2009-10-22 18:20:55 +0200 (Do, 22 Okt 2009) | 1 line Make printout margin important. ........ r75623 | georg.brandl | 2009-10-23 10:14:44 +0200 (Fr, 23 Okt 2009) | 1 line #7188: fix optionxform() docs. ........ r75627 | fred.drake | 2009-10-23 15:04:51 +0200 (Fr, 23 Okt 2009) | 2 lines add further note about what's passed to optionxform ........ r75640 | neil.schemenauer | 2009-10-23 21:58:17 +0200 (Fr, 23 Okt 2009) | 2 lines Improve some docstrings in the 'warnings' module. ........ r75647 | georg.brandl | 2009-10-24 12:04:19 +0200 (Sa, 24 Okt 2009) | 1 line Fix markup. ........ r75696 | georg.brandl | 2009-10-25 21:25:43 +0100 (So, 25 Okt 2009) | 1 line Fix a demo. ........ r75795 | georg.brandl | 2009-10-27 16:10:22 +0100 (Di, 27 Okt 2009) | 1 line Fix a strange mis-edit. ........ ................
2009-10-27 17:24:45 -03:00
.. impl-detail::
In the current implementation, the syntax for targets is taken to be the same
as for expressions, and invalid syntax is rejected during the code generation
phase, causing less detailed error messages.
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WARNING: Although the definition of assignment implies that overlaps between the
left-hand side and the right-hand side are 'safe' (for example ``a, b = b, a``
swaps two variables), overlaps *within* the collection of assigned-to variables
are not safe! For instance, the following program prints ``[0, 2]``::
x = [0, 1]
i = 0
i, x[i] = 1, 2
print(x)
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.. seealso::
:pep:`3132` - Extended Iterable Unpacking
The specification for the ``*target`` feature.
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.. _augassign:
Augmented assignment statements
-------------------------------
.. index::
pair: augmented; assignment
single: statement; assignment, augmented
Augmented assignment is the combination, in a single statement, of a binary
operation and an assignment statement:
.. productionlist::
Merged revisions 68633,68648,68667,68706,68718,68720-68721,68724-68727,68739 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r68633 | thomas.heller | 2009-01-16 12:53:44 -0600 (Fri, 16 Jan 2009) | 3 lines Change an example in the docs to avoid a mistake when the code is copy pasted and changed afterwards. ........ r68648 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-01-16 22:28:57 -0600 (Fri, 16 Jan 2009) | 1 line use enumerate ........ r68667 | amaury.forgeotdarc | 2009-01-17 14:18:59 -0600 (Sat, 17 Jan 2009) | 3 lines #4077: No need to append \n when calling Py_FatalError + fix a declaration to make it match the one in pythonrun.h ........ r68706 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-01-17 19:28:46 -0600 (Sat, 17 Jan 2009) | 1 line fix grammar ........ r68718 | georg.brandl | 2009-01-18 04:42:35 -0600 (Sun, 18 Jan 2009) | 1 line #4976: union() and intersection() take multiple args, but talk about "the other". ........ r68720 | georg.brandl | 2009-01-18 04:45:22 -0600 (Sun, 18 Jan 2009) | 1 line #4974: fix redundant mention of lists and tuples. ........ r68721 | georg.brandl | 2009-01-18 04:48:16 -0600 (Sun, 18 Jan 2009) | 1 line #4914: trunc is in math. ........ r68724 | georg.brandl | 2009-01-18 07:24:10 -0600 (Sun, 18 Jan 2009) | 1 line #4979: correct result range for some random functions. ........ r68725 | georg.brandl | 2009-01-18 07:47:26 -0600 (Sun, 18 Jan 2009) | 1 line #4857: fix augmented assignment target spec. ........ r68726 | georg.brandl | 2009-01-18 08:41:52 -0600 (Sun, 18 Jan 2009) | 1 line #4923: clarify what was added. ........ r68727 | georg.brandl | 2009-01-18 12:25:30 -0600 (Sun, 18 Jan 2009) | 1 line #4986: augassigns are not expressions. ........ r68739 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-01-18 15:11:38 -0600 (Sun, 18 Jan 2009) | 1 line fix test that wasn't working as expected #4990 ........
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augmented_assignment_stmt: `augtarget` `augop` (`expression_list` | `yield_expression`)
augtarget: `identifier` | `attributeref` | `subscription` | `slicing`
Merged revisions 66508,66510,66512-66513,66523-66526,66529-66530,66532,66535,66538,66544,66546 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r66508 | benjamin.peterson | 2008-09-18 18:20:28 -0500 (Thu, 18 Sep 2008) | 1 line tabify ........ r66510 | josiah.carlson | 2008-09-18 21:07:22 -0500 (Thu, 18 Sep 2008) | 2 lines Fix for documentation bug. Fixes issue 3904. ........ r66512 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-09-19 03:07:48 -0500 (Fri, 19 Sep 2008) | 1 line Improve docs for super(). ........ r66513 | lars.gustaebel | 2008-09-19 07:39:23 -0500 (Fri, 19 Sep 2008) | 2 lines Correct information about the tarfile module. ........ r66523 | georg.brandl | 2008-09-21 02:14:44 -0500 (Sun, 21 Sep 2008) | 2 lines #3852: fix some select.kqueue and kevent docs. ........ r66524 | georg.brandl | 2008-09-21 02:15:59 -0500 (Sun, 21 Sep 2008) | 2 lines #3912: document default for *places* arg. ........ r66525 | georg.brandl | 2008-09-21 02:17:00 -0500 (Sun, 21 Sep 2008) | 2 lines #3916: fixes for docs wrt. Windows directory layout ........ r66526 | georg.brandl | 2008-09-21 02:18:28 -0500 (Sun, 21 Sep 2008) | 2 lines #3914: add //= to the augmented assign operators. ........ r66529 | georg.brandl | 2008-09-21 02:24:11 -0500 (Sun, 21 Sep 2008) | 2 lines #3901: bsddb fix. ........ r66530 | georg.brandl | 2008-09-21 02:31:52 -0500 (Sun, 21 Sep 2008) | 2 lines #3897: _collections now has an underscore. ........ r66532 | georg.brandl | 2008-09-21 02:36:22 -0500 (Sun, 21 Sep 2008) | 2 lines Update readme and Makefile (web builder doesn't exist). ........ r66535 | georg.brandl | 2008-09-21 03:03:21 -0500 (Sun, 21 Sep 2008) | 2 lines #3918: note that uniform() args can be swapped. ........ r66538 | georg.brandl | 2008-09-21 05:03:39 -0500 (Sun, 21 Sep 2008) | 2 lines Add "dist" target. ........ r66544 | benjamin.peterson | 2008-09-21 16:27:51 -0500 (Sun, 21 Sep 2008) | 4 lines #3879 fix a regression in urllib.getproxies_environment reviewers: Benjamin, Georg ........ r66546 | georg.brandl | 2008-09-21 17:31:59 -0500 (Sun, 21 Sep 2008) | 2 lines Fill out download page. ........
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augop: "+=" | "-=" | "*=" | "/=" | "//=" | "%=" | "**="
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: | ">>=" | "<<=" | "&=" | "^=" | "|="
(See section :ref:`primaries` for the syntax definitions for the last three
symbols.)
An augmented assignment evaluates the target (which, unlike normal assignment
statements, cannot be an unpacking) and the expression list, performs the binary
operation specific to the type of assignment on the two operands, and assigns
the result to the original target. The target is only evaluated once.
An augmented assignment expression like ``x += 1`` can be rewritten as ``x = x +
1`` to achieve a similar, but not exactly equal effect. In the augmented
version, ``x`` is only evaluated once. Also, when possible, the actual operation
is performed *in-place*, meaning that rather than creating a new object and
assigning that to the target, the old object is modified instead.
With the exception of assigning to tuples and multiple targets in a single
statement, the assignment done by augmented assignment statements is handled the
same way as normal assignments. Similarly, with the exception of the possible
*in-place* behavior, the binary operation performed by augmented assignment is
the same as the normal binary operations.
Merged revisions 74821,74828-74831,74833,74835 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://svn.python.org/python/branches/py3k ................ r74821 | georg.brandl | 2009-09-16 11:42:19 +0200 (Mi, 16 Sep 2009) | 1 line #6885: run python 3 as python3. ................ r74828 | georg.brandl | 2009-09-16 16:23:20 +0200 (Mi, 16 Sep 2009) | 1 line Use true booleans. ................ r74829 | georg.brandl | 2009-09-16 16:24:29 +0200 (Mi, 16 Sep 2009) | 1 line Small PEP8 correction. ................ r74830 | georg.brandl | 2009-09-16 16:36:22 +0200 (Mi, 16 Sep 2009) | 1 line Use true booleans. ................ r74831 | georg.brandl | 2009-09-16 17:54:04 +0200 (Mi, 16 Sep 2009) | 1 line Use true booleans and PEP8 for argdefaults. ................ r74833 | georg.brandl | 2009-09-16 17:58:14 +0200 (Mi, 16 Sep 2009) | 1 line Last round of adapting style of documenting argument default values. ................ r74835 | georg.brandl | 2009-09-16 18:00:31 +0200 (Mi, 16 Sep 2009) | 33 lines Merged revisions 74817-74820,74822-74824 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r74817 | georg.brandl | 2009-09-16 11:05:11 +0200 (Mi, 16 Sep 2009) | 1 line Make deprecation notices as visible as warnings are right now. ........ r74818 | georg.brandl | 2009-09-16 11:23:04 +0200 (Mi, 16 Sep 2009) | 1 line #6880: add reference to classes section in exceptions section, which comes earlier. ........ r74819 | georg.brandl | 2009-09-16 11:24:57 +0200 (Mi, 16 Sep 2009) | 1 line #6876: fix base class constructor invocation in example. ........ r74820 | georg.brandl | 2009-09-16 11:30:48 +0200 (Mi, 16 Sep 2009) | 1 line #6891: comment out dead link to Unicode article. ........ r74822 | georg.brandl | 2009-09-16 12:12:06 +0200 (Mi, 16 Sep 2009) | 1 line #5621: refactor description of how class/instance attributes interact on a.x=a.x+1 or augassign. ........ r74823 | georg.brandl | 2009-09-16 15:06:22 +0200 (Mi, 16 Sep 2009) | 1 line Remove strange trailing commas. ........ r74824 | georg.brandl | 2009-09-16 15:11:06 +0200 (Mi, 16 Sep 2009) | 1 line #6892: fix optparse example involving help option. ........ ................
2009-09-16 13:05:59 -03:00
For targets which are attribute references, the same :ref:`caveat about class
and instance attributes <attr-target-note>` applies as for regular assignments.
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Merged revisions 58095-58132,58136-58148,58151-58197 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r58096 | brett.cannon | 2007-09-10 23:38:27 +0200 (Mon, 10 Sep 2007) | 4 lines Fix a possible segfault from recursing too deep to get the repr of a list. Closes issue #1096. ........ r58097 | bill.janssen | 2007-09-10 23:51:02 +0200 (Mon, 10 Sep 2007) | 33 lines More work on SSL support. * Much expanded test suite: All protocols tested against all other protocols. All protocols tested with all certificate options. Tests for bad key and bad cert. Test of STARTTLS functionality. Test of RAND_* functions. * Fixes for threading/malloc bug. * Issue 1065 fixed: sslsocket class renamed to SSLSocket. sslerror class renamed to SSLError. Function "wrap_socket" now used to wrap an existing socket. * Issue 1583946 finally fixed: Support for subjectAltName added. Subject name now returned as proper DN list of RDNs. * SSLError exported from socket as "sslerror". * RAND_* functions properly exported from ssl.py. * Documentation improved: Example of how to create a self-signed certificate. Better indexing. ........ r58098 | guido.van.rossum | 2007-09-11 00:02:25 +0200 (Tue, 11 Sep 2007) | 9 lines Patch # 1140 (my code, approved by Effbot). Make sure the type of the return value of re.sub(x, y, z) is the type of y+x (i.e. unicode if either is unicode, str if they are both str) even if there are no substitutions or if x==z (which triggered various special cases in join_list()). Could be backported to 2.5; no need to port to 3.0. ........ r58099 | guido.van.rossum | 2007-09-11 00:36:02 +0200 (Tue, 11 Sep 2007) | 8 lines Patch # 1026 by Benjamin Aranguren (with Alex Martelli): Backport abc.py and isinstance/issubclass overloading to 2.6. I had to backport test_typechecks.py myself, and make one small change to abc.py to avoid duplicate work when x.__class__ and type(x) are the same. ........ r58100 | bill.janssen | 2007-09-11 01:41:24 +0200 (Tue, 11 Sep 2007) | 3 lines A better way of finding an open port to test with. ........ r58101 | bill.janssen | 2007-09-11 03:09:19 +0200 (Tue, 11 Sep 2007) | 4 lines Make sure test_ssl doesn't reference the ssl module in a context where it can't be imported. ........ r58102 | bill.janssen | 2007-09-11 04:42:07 +0200 (Tue, 11 Sep 2007) | 3 lines Fix some documentation bugs. ........ r58103 | nick.coghlan | 2007-09-11 16:01:18 +0200 (Tue, 11 Sep 2007) | 1 line Always use the -E flag when spawning subprocesses in test_cmd_line (Issue 1056) ........ r58106 | thomas.heller | 2007-09-11 21:17:48 +0200 (Tue, 11 Sep 2007) | 3 lines Disable some tests that fail on the 'ppc Debian unstable' buildbot to find out if they cause the segfault on the 'alpha Debian' machine. ........ r58108 | brett.cannon | 2007-09-11 23:02:28 +0200 (Tue, 11 Sep 2007) | 6 lines Generators had their throw() method allowing string exceptions. That's a no-no. Fixes issue #1147. Need to fix 2.5 to raise a proper warning if a string exception is passed in. ........ r58112 | georg.brandl | 2007-09-12 20:03:51 +0200 (Wed, 12 Sep 2007) | 3 lines New documentation page for the bdb module. (This doesn't need to be merged to Py3k.) ........ r58114 | georg.brandl | 2007-09-12 20:05:57 +0200 (Wed, 12 Sep 2007) | 2 lines Bug #1152: use non-deprecated name in example. ........ r58115 | georg.brandl | 2007-09-12 20:08:33 +0200 (Wed, 12 Sep 2007) | 2 lines Fix #1122: wrong return type documented for various _Size() functions. ........ r58117 | georg.brandl | 2007-09-12 20:10:56 +0200 (Wed, 12 Sep 2007) | 2 lines Fix #1139: PyFile_Encoding really is PyFile_SetEncoding. ........ r58119 | georg.brandl | 2007-09-12 20:29:18 +0200 (Wed, 12 Sep 2007) | 2 lines bug #1154: release memory allocated by "es" PyArg_ParseTuple format specifier. ........ r58121 | bill.janssen | 2007-09-12 20:52:05 +0200 (Wed, 12 Sep 2007) | 1 line root certificate for https://svn.python.org/, used in test_ssl ........ r58122 | georg.brandl | 2007-09-12 21:00:07 +0200 (Wed, 12 Sep 2007) | 3 lines Bug #1153: repr.repr() now doesn't require set and dictionary items to be orderable to properly represent them. ........ r58125 | georg.brandl | 2007-09-12 21:29:28 +0200 (Wed, 12 Sep 2007) | 4 lines #1120: put explicit version in the shebang lines of pydoc, idle and smtpd.py scripts that are installed by setup.py. That way, they work when only "make altinstall" is used. ........ r58139 | mark.summerfield | 2007-09-13 16:54:30 +0200 (Thu, 13 Sep 2007) | 9 lines Replaced variable o with obj in operator.rst because o is easy to confuse. Added a note about Python 3's collections.Mapping etc., above section that describes isMappingType() etc. Added xrefs between os, os.path, fileinput, and open(). ........ r58143 | facundo.batista | 2007-09-13 20:13:15 +0200 (Thu, 13 Sep 2007) | 7 lines Merged the decimal-branch (revisions 54886 to 58140). Decimal is now fully updated to the latests Decimal Specification (v1.66) and the latests test cases (v2.56). Thanks to Mark Dickinson for all his help during this process. ........ r58145 | facundo.batista | 2007-09-13 20:42:09 +0200 (Thu, 13 Sep 2007) | 7 lines Put the parameter watchexp back in (changed watchexp from an int to a bool). Also second argument to watchexp is now converted to Decimal, just as with all the other two-argument operations. Thanks Mark Dickinson. ........ r58147 | andrew.kuchling | 2007-09-14 00:49:34 +0200 (Fri, 14 Sep 2007) | 1 line Add various items ........ r58148 | andrew.kuchling | 2007-09-14 00:50:10 +0200 (Fri, 14 Sep 2007) | 1 line Make target unique ........ r58154 | facundo.batista | 2007-09-14 20:58:34 +0200 (Fri, 14 Sep 2007) | 3 lines Included the new functions, and new descriptions. ........ r58155 | thomas.heller | 2007-09-14 21:40:35 +0200 (Fri, 14 Sep 2007) | 2 lines ctypes.util.find_library uses dump(1) instead of objdump(1) on Solaris. Fixes issue #1777530; will backport to release25-maint. ........ r58159 | facundo.batista | 2007-09-14 23:29:52 +0200 (Fri, 14 Sep 2007) | 3 lines Some additions (examples and a bit on the tutorial). ........ r58160 | georg.brandl | 2007-09-15 18:53:36 +0200 (Sat, 15 Sep 2007) | 2 lines Remove bdb from the "undocumented modules" list. ........ r58164 | bill.janssen | 2007-09-17 00:06:00 +0200 (Mon, 17 Sep 2007) | 15 lines Add support for asyncore server-side SSL support. This requires adding the 'makefile' method to ssl.SSLSocket, and importing the requisite fakefile class from socket.py, and making the appropriate changes to it to make it use the SSL connection. Added sample HTTPS server to test_ssl.py, and test that uses it. Change SSL tests to use https://svn.python.org/, instead of www.sf.net and pop.gmail.com. Added utility function to ssl module, get_server_certificate, to wrap up the several things to be done to pull a certificate from a remote server. ........ r58173 | bill.janssen | 2007-09-17 01:16:46 +0200 (Mon, 17 Sep 2007) | 1 line use binary mode when reading files for testAsyncore to make Windows happy ........ r58175 | raymond.hettinger | 2007-09-17 02:55:00 +0200 (Mon, 17 Sep 2007) | 7 lines Sync-up named tuples with the latest version of the ASPN recipe. Allows optional commas in the field-name spec (help when named tuples are used in conjuction with sql queries). Adds the __fields__ attribute for introspection and to support conversion to dictionary form. Adds a __replace__() method similar to str.replace() but using a named field as a target. Clean-up spelling and presentation in doc-strings. ........ r58176 | brett.cannon | 2007-09-17 05:28:34 +0200 (Mon, 17 Sep 2007) | 5 lines Add a bunch of GIL release/acquire points in tp_print implementations and for PyObject_Print(). Closes issue #1164. ........ r58177 | sean.reifschneider | 2007-09-17 07:45:04 +0200 (Mon, 17 Sep 2007) | 2 lines issue1597011: Fix for bz2 module corner-case error due to error checking bug. ........ r58180 | facundo.batista | 2007-09-17 18:26:50 +0200 (Mon, 17 Sep 2007) | 3 lines Decimal is updated, :) ........ r58181 | facundo.batista | 2007-09-17 19:30:13 +0200 (Mon, 17 Sep 2007) | 5 lines The methods always return Decimal classes, even if they're executed through a subclass (thanks Mark Dickinson). Added a bit of testing for this. ........ r58183 | sean.reifschneider | 2007-09-17 22:53:21 +0200 (Mon, 17 Sep 2007) | 2 lines issue1082: Fixing platform and system for Vista. ........ r58185 | andrew.kuchling | 2007-09-18 03:36:16 +0200 (Tue, 18 Sep 2007) | 1 line Add item; sort properly ........ r58186 | raymond.hettinger | 2007-09-18 05:33:19 +0200 (Tue, 18 Sep 2007) | 1 line Handle corner cased on 0-tuples and 1-tuples. Add verbose option so people can see how it works. ........ r58192 | georg.brandl | 2007-09-18 09:24:40 +0200 (Tue, 18 Sep 2007) | 2 lines A bit of reordering, also show more subheadings in the lang ref index. ........ r58193 | facundo.batista | 2007-09-18 18:53:18 +0200 (Tue, 18 Sep 2007) | 4 lines Speed up of the various division operations (remainder, divide, divideint and divmod). Thanks Mark Dickinson. ........ r58197 | raymond.hettinger | 2007-09-19 00:18:02 +0200 (Wed, 19 Sep 2007) | 1 line Cleanup docs for NamedTuple. ........
2007-09-19 00:06:30 -03:00
.. _assert:
The :keyword:`assert` statement
===============================
.. index::
statement: assert
pair: debugging; assertions
Assert statements are a convenient way to insert debugging assertions into a
program:
.. productionlist::
assert_stmt: "assert" `expression` ["," `expression`]
The simple form, ``assert expression``, is equivalent to ::
if __debug__:
if not expression: raise AssertionError
The extended form, ``assert expression1, expression2``, is equivalent to ::
if __debug__:
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if not expression1: raise AssertionError(expression2)
Merged revisions 58095-58132,58136-58148,58151-58197 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r58096 | brett.cannon | 2007-09-10 23:38:27 +0200 (Mon, 10 Sep 2007) | 4 lines Fix a possible segfault from recursing too deep to get the repr of a list. Closes issue #1096. ........ r58097 | bill.janssen | 2007-09-10 23:51:02 +0200 (Mon, 10 Sep 2007) | 33 lines More work on SSL support. * Much expanded test suite: All protocols tested against all other protocols. All protocols tested with all certificate options. Tests for bad key and bad cert. Test of STARTTLS functionality. Test of RAND_* functions. * Fixes for threading/malloc bug. * Issue 1065 fixed: sslsocket class renamed to SSLSocket. sslerror class renamed to SSLError. Function "wrap_socket" now used to wrap an existing socket. * Issue 1583946 finally fixed: Support for subjectAltName added. Subject name now returned as proper DN list of RDNs. * SSLError exported from socket as "sslerror". * RAND_* functions properly exported from ssl.py. * Documentation improved: Example of how to create a self-signed certificate. Better indexing. ........ r58098 | guido.van.rossum | 2007-09-11 00:02:25 +0200 (Tue, 11 Sep 2007) | 9 lines Patch # 1140 (my code, approved by Effbot). Make sure the type of the return value of re.sub(x, y, z) is the type of y+x (i.e. unicode if either is unicode, str if they are both str) even if there are no substitutions or if x==z (which triggered various special cases in join_list()). Could be backported to 2.5; no need to port to 3.0. ........ r58099 | guido.van.rossum | 2007-09-11 00:36:02 +0200 (Tue, 11 Sep 2007) | 8 lines Patch # 1026 by Benjamin Aranguren (with Alex Martelli): Backport abc.py and isinstance/issubclass overloading to 2.6. I had to backport test_typechecks.py myself, and make one small change to abc.py to avoid duplicate work when x.__class__ and type(x) are the same. ........ r58100 | bill.janssen | 2007-09-11 01:41:24 +0200 (Tue, 11 Sep 2007) | 3 lines A better way of finding an open port to test with. ........ r58101 | bill.janssen | 2007-09-11 03:09:19 +0200 (Tue, 11 Sep 2007) | 4 lines Make sure test_ssl doesn't reference the ssl module in a context where it can't be imported. ........ r58102 | bill.janssen | 2007-09-11 04:42:07 +0200 (Tue, 11 Sep 2007) | 3 lines Fix some documentation bugs. ........ r58103 | nick.coghlan | 2007-09-11 16:01:18 +0200 (Tue, 11 Sep 2007) | 1 line Always use the -E flag when spawning subprocesses in test_cmd_line (Issue 1056) ........ r58106 | thomas.heller | 2007-09-11 21:17:48 +0200 (Tue, 11 Sep 2007) | 3 lines Disable some tests that fail on the 'ppc Debian unstable' buildbot to find out if they cause the segfault on the 'alpha Debian' machine. ........ r58108 | brett.cannon | 2007-09-11 23:02:28 +0200 (Tue, 11 Sep 2007) | 6 lines Generators had their throw() method allowing string exceptions. That's a no-no. Fixes issue #1147. Need to fix 2.5 to raise a proper warning if a string exception is passed in. ........ r58112 | georg.brandl | 2007-09-12 20:03:51 +0200 (Wed, 12 Sep 2007) | 3 lines New documentation page for the bdb module. (This doesn't need to be merged to Py3k.) ........ r58114 | georg.brandl | 2007-09-12 20:05:57 +0200 (Wed, 12 Sep 2007) | 2 lines Bug #1152: use non-deprecated name in example. ........ r58115 | georg.brandl | 2007-09-12 20:08:33 +0200 (Wed, 12 Sep 2007) | 2 lines Fix #1122: wrong return type documented for various _Size() functions. ........ r58117 | georg.brandl | 2007-09-12 20:10:56 +0200 (Wed, 12 Sep 2007) | 2 lines Fix #1139: PyFile_Encoding really is PyFile_SetEncoding. ........ r58119 | georg.brandl | 2007-09-12 20:29:18 +0200 (Wed, 12 Sep 2007) | 2 lines bug #1154: release memory allocated by "es" PyArg_ParseTuple format specifier. ........ r58121 | bill.janssen | 2007-09-12 20:52:05 +0200 (Wed, 12 Sep 2007) | 1 line root certificate for https://svn.python.org/, used in test_ssl ........ r58122 | georg.brandl | 2007-09-12 21:00:07 +0200 (Wed, 12 Sep 2007) | 3 lines Bug #1153: repr.repr() now doesn't require set and dictionary items to be orderable to properly represent them. ........ r58125 | georg.brandl | 2007-09-12 21:29:28 +0200 (Wed, 12 Sep 2007) | 4 lines #1120: put explicit version in the shebang lines of pydoc, idle and smtpd.py scripts that are installed by setup.py. That way, they work when only "make altinstall" is used. ........ r58139 | mark.summerfield | 2007-09-13 16:54:30 +0200 (Thu, 13 Sep 2007) | 9 lines Replaced variable o with obj in operator.rst because o is easy to confuse. Added a note about Python 3's collections.Mapping etc., above section that describes isMappingType() etc. Added xrefs between os, os.path, fileinput, and open(). ........ r58143 | facundo.batista | 2007-09-13 20:13:15 +0200 (Thu, 13 Sep 2007) | 7 lines Merged the decimal-branch (revisions 54886 to 58140). Decimal is now fully updated to the latests Decimal Specification (v1.66) and the latests test cases (v2.56). Thanks to Mark Dickinson for all his help during this process. ........ r58145 | facundo.batista | 2007-09-13 20:42:09 +0200 (Thu, 13 Sep 2007) | 7 lines Put the parameter watchexp back in (changed watchexp from an int to a bool). Also second argument to watchexp is now converted to Decimal, just as with all the other two-argument operations. Thanks Mark Dickinson. ........ r58147 | andrew.kuchling | 2007-09-14 00:49:34 +0200 (Fri, 14 Sep 2007) | 1 line Add various items ........ r58148 | andrew.kuchling | 2007-09-14 00:50:10 +0200 (Fri, 14 Sep 2007) | 1 line Make target unique ........ r58154 | facundo.batista | 2007-09-14 20:58:34 +0200 (Fri, 14 Sep 2007) | 3 lines Included the new functions, and new descriptions. ........ r58155 | thomas.heller | 2007-09-14 21:40:35 +0200 (Fri, 14 Sep 2007) | 2 lines ctypes.util.find_library uses dump(1) instead of objdump(1) on Solaris. Fixes issue #1777530; will backport to release25-maint. ........ r58159 | facundo.batista | 2007-09-14 23:29:52 +0200 (Fri, 14 Sep 2007) | 3 lines Some additions (examples and a bit on the tutorial). ........ r58160 | georg.brandl | 2007-09-15 18:53:36 +0200 (Sat, 15 Sep 2007) | 2 lines Remove bdb from the "undocumented modules" list. ........ r58164 | bill.janssen | 2007-09-17 00:06:00 +0200 (Mon, 17 Sep 2007) | 15 lines Add support for asyncore server-side SSL support. This requires adding the 'makefile' method to ssl.SSLSocket, and importing the requisite fakefile class from socket.py, and making the appropriate changes to it to make it use the SSL connection. Added sample HTTPS server to test_ssl.py, and test that uses it. Change SSL tests to use https://svn.python.org/, instead of www.sf.net and pop.gmail.com. Added utility function to ssl module, get_server_certificate, to wrap up the several things to be done to pull a certificate from a remote server. ........ r58173 | bill.janssen | 2007-09-17 01:16:46 +0200 (Mon, 17 Sep 2007) | 1 line use binary mode when reading files for testAsyncore to make Windows happy ........ r58175 | raymond.hettinger | 2007-09-17 02:55:00 +0200 (Mon, 17 Sep 2007) | 7 lines Sync-up named tuples with the latest version of the ASPN recipe. Allows optional commas in the field-name spec (help when named tuples are used in conjuction with sql queries). Adds the __fields__ attribute for introspection and to support conversion to dictionary form. Adds a __replace__() method similar to str.replace() but using a named field as a target. Clean-up spelling and presentation in doc-strings. ........ r58176 | brett.cannon | 2007-09-17 05:28:34 +0200 (Mon, 17 Sep 2007) | 5 lines Add a bunch of GIL release/acquire points in tp_print implementations and for PyObject_Print(). Closes issue #1164. ........ r58177 | sean.reifschneider | 2007-09-17 07:45:04 +0200 (Mon, 17 Sep 2007) | 2 lines issue1597011: Fix for bz2 module corner-case error due to error checking bug. ........ r58180 | facundo.batista | 2007-09-17 18:26:50 +0200 (Mon, 17 Sep 2007) | 3 lines Decimal is updated, :) ........ r58181 | facundo.batista | 2007-09-17 19:30:13 +0200 (Mon, 17 Sep 2007) | 5 lines The methods always return Decimal classes, even if they're executed through a subclass (thanks Mark Dickinson). Added a bit of testing for this. ........ r58183 | sean.reifschneider | 2007-09-17 22:53:21 +0200 (Mon, 17 Sep 2007) | 2 lines issue1082: Fixing platform and system for Vista. ........ r58185 | andrew.kuchling | 2007-09-18 03:36:16 +0200 (Tue, 18 Sep 2007) | 1 line Add item; sort properly ........ r58186 | raymond.hettinger | 2007-09-18 05:33:19 +0200 (Tue, 18 Sep 2007) | 1 line Handle corner cased on 0-tuples and 1-tuples. Add verbose option so people can see how it works. ........ r58192 | georg.brandl | 2007-09-18 09:24:40 +0200 (Tue, 18 Sep 2007) | 2 lines A bit of reordering, also show more subheadings in the lang ref index. ........ r58193 | facundo.batista | 2007-09-18 18:53:18 +0200 (Tue, 18 Sep 2007) | 4 lines Speed up of the various division operations (remainder, divide, divideint and divmod). Thanks Mark Dickinson. ........ r58197 | raymond.hettinger | 2007-09-19 00:18:02 +0200 (Wed, 19 Sep 2007) | 1 line Cleanup docs for NamedTuple. ........
2007-09-19 00:06:30 -03:00
.. index::
single: __debug__
exception: AssertionError
These equivalences assume that :const:`__debug__` and :exc:`AssertionError` refer to
Merged revisions 58095-58132,58136-58148,58151-58197 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r58096 | brett.cannon | 2007-09-10 23:38:27 +0200 (Mon, 10 Sep 2007) | 4 lines Fix a possible segfault from recursing too deep to get the repr of a list. Closes issue #1096. ........ r58097 | bill.janssen | 2007-09-10 23:51:02 +0200 (Mon, 10 Sep 2007) | 33 lines More work on SSL support. * Much expanded test suite: All protocols tested against all other protocols. All protocols tested with all certificate options. Tests for bad key and bad cert. Test of STARTTLS functionality. Test of RAND_* functions. * Fixes for threading/malloc bug. * Issue 1065 fixed: sslsocket class renamed to SSLSocket. sslerror class renamed to SSLError. Function "wrap_socket" now used to wrap an existing socket. * Issue 1583946 finally fixed: Support for subjectAltName added. Subject name now returned as proper DN list of RDNs. * SSLError exported from socket as "sslerror". * RAND_* functions properly exported from ssl.py. * Documentation improved: Example of how to create a self-signed certificate. Better indexing. ........ r58098 | guido.van.rossum | 2007-09-11 00:02:25 +0200 (Tue, 11 Sep 2007) | 9 lines Patch # 1140 (my code, approved by Effbot). Make sure the type of the return value of re.sub(x, y, z) is the type of y+x (i.e. unicode if either is unicode, str if they are both str) even if there are no substitutions or if x==z (which triggered various special cases in join_list()). Could be backported to 2.5; no need to port to 3.0. ........ r58099 | guido.van.rossum | 2007-09-11 00:36:02 +0200 (Tue, 11 Sep 2007) | 8 lines Patch # 1026 by Benjamin Aranguren (with Alex Martelli): Backport abc.py and isinstance/issubclass overloading to 2.6. I had to backport test_typechecks.py myself, and make one small change to abc.py to avoid duplicate work when x.__class__ and type(x) are the same. ........ r58100 | bill.janssen | 2007-09-11 01:41:24 +0200 (Tue, 11 Sep 2007) | 3 lines A better way of finding an open port to test with. ........ r58101 | bill.janssen | 2007-09-11 03:09:19 +0200 (Tue, 11 Sep 2007) | 4 lines Make sure test_ssl doesn't reference the ssl module in a context where it can't be imported. ........ r58102 | bill.janssen | 2007-09-11 04:42:07 +0200 (Tue, 11 Sep 2007) | 3 lines Fix some documentation bugs. ........ r58103 | nick.coghlan | 2007-09-11 16:01:18 +0200 (Tue, 11 Sep 2007) | 1 line Always use the -E flag when spawning subprocesses in test_cmd_line (Issue 1056) ........ r58106 | thomas.heller | 2007-09-11 21:17:48 +0200 (Tue, 11 Sep 2007) | 3 lines Disable some tests that fail on the 'ppc Debian unstable' buildbot to find out if they cause the segfault on the 'alpha Debian' machine. ........ r58108 | brett.cannon | 2007-09-11 23:02:28 +0200 (Tue, 11 Sep 2007) | 6 lines Generators had their throw() method allowing string exceptions. That's a no-no. Fixes issue #1147. Need to fix 2.5 to raise a proper warning if a string exception is passed in. ........ r58112 | georg.brandl | 2007-09-12 20:03:51 +0200 (Wed, 12 Sep 2007) | 3 lines New documentation page for the bdb module. (This doesn't need to be merged to Py3k.) ........ r58114 | georg.brandl | 2007-09-12 20:05:57 +0200 (Wed, 12 Sep 2007) | 2 lines Bug #1152: use non-deprecated name in example. ........ r58115 | georg.brandl | 2007-09-12 20:08:33 +0200 (Wed, 12 Sep 2007) | 2 lines Fix #1122: wrong return type documented for various _Size() functions. ........ r58117 | georg.brandl | 2007-09-12 20:10:56 +0200 (Wed, 12 Sep 2007) | 2 lines Fix #1139: PyFile_Encoding really is PyFile_SetEncoding. ........ r58119 | georg.brandl | 2007-09-12 20:29:18 +0200 (Wed, 12 Sep 2007) | 2 lines bug #1154: release memory allocated by "es" PyArg_ParseTuple format specifier. ........ r58121 | bill.janssen | 2007-09-12 20:52:05 +0200 (Wed, 12 Sep 2007) | 1 line root certificate for https://svn.python.org/, used in test_ssl ........ r58122 | georg.brandl | 2007-09-12 21:00:07 +0200 (Wed, 12 Sep 2007) | 3 lines Bug #1153: repr.repr() now doesn't require set and dictionary items to be orderable to properly represent them. ........ r58125 | georg.brandl | 2007-09-12 21:29:28 +0200 (Wed, 12 Sep 2007) | 4 lines #1120: put explicit version in the shebang lines of pydoc, idle and smtpd.py scripts that are installed by setup.py. That way, they work when only "make altinstall" is used. ........ r58139 | mark.summerfield | 2007-09-13 16:54:30 +0200 (Thu, 13 Sep 2007) | 9 lines Replaced variable o with obj in operator.rst because o is easy to confuse. Added a note about Python 3's collections.Mapping etc., above section that describes isMappingType() etc. Added xrefs between os, os.path, fileinput, and open(). ........ r58143 | facundo.batista | 2007-09-13 20:13:15 +0200 (Thu, 13 Sep 2007) | 7 lines Merged the decimal-branch (revisions 54886 to 58140). Decimal is now fully updated to the latests Decimal Specification (v1.66) and the latests test cases (v2.56). Thanks to Mark Dickinson for all his help during this process. ........ r58145 | facundo.batista | 2007-09-13 20:42:09 +0200 (Thu, 13 Sep 2007) | 7 lines Put the parameter watchexp back in (changed watchexp from an int to a bool). Also second argument to watchexp is now converted to Decimal, just as with all the other two-argument operations. Thanks Mark Dickinson. ........ r58147 | andrew.kuchling | 2007-09-14 00:49:34 +0200 (Fri, 14 Sep 2007) | 1 line Add various items ........ r58148 | andrew.kuchling | 2007-09-14 00:50:10 +0200 (Fri, 14 Sep 2007) | 1 line Make target unique ........ r58154 | facundo.batista | 2007-09-14 20:58:34 +0200 (Fri, 14 Sep 2007) | 3 lines Included the new functions, and new descriptions. ........ r58155 | thomas.heller | 2007-09-14 21:40:35 +0200 (Fri, 14 Sep 2007) | 2 lines ctypes.util.find_library uses dump(1) instead of objdump(1) on Solaris. Fixes issue #1777530; will backport to release25-maint. ........ r58159 | facundo.batista | 2007-09-14 23:29:52 +0200 (Fri, 14 Sep 2007) | 3 lines Some additions (examples and a bit on the tutorial). ........ r58160 | georg.brandl | 2007-09-15 18:53:36 +0200 (Sat, 15 Sep 2007) | 2 lines Remove bdb from the "undocumented modules" list. ........ r58164 | bill.janssen | 2007-09-17 00:06:00 +0200 (Mon, 17 Sep 2007) | 15 lines Add support for asyncore server-side SSL support. This requires adding the 'makefile' method to ssl.SSLSocket, and importing the requisite fakefile class from socket.py, and making the appropriate changes to it to make it use the SSL connection. Added sample HTTPS server to test_ssl.py, and test that uses it. Change SSL tests to use https://svn.python.org/, instead of www.sf.net and pop.gmail.com. Added utility function to ssl module, get_server_certificate, to wrap up the several things to be done to pull a certificate from a remote server. ........ r58173 | bill.janssen | 2007-09-17 01:16:46 +0200 (Mon, 17 Sep 2007) | 1 line use binary mode when reading files for testAsyncore to make Windows happy ........ r58175 | raymond.hettinger | 2007-09-17 02:55:00 +0200 (Mon, 17 Sep 2007) | 7 lines Sync-up named tuples with the latest version of the ASPN recipe. Allows optional commas in the field-name spec (help when named tuples are used in conjuction with sql queries). Adds the __fields__ attribute for introspection and to support conversion to dictionary form. Adds a __replace__() method similar to str.replace() but using a named field as a target. Clean-up spelling and presentation in doc-strings. ........ r58176 | brett.cannon | 2007-09-17 05:28:34 +0200 (Mon, 17 Sep 2007) | 5 lines Add a bunch of GIL release/acquire points in tp_print implementations and for PyObject_Print(). Closes issue #1164. ........ r58177 | sean.reifschneider | 2007-09-17 07:45:04 +0200 (Mon, 17 Sep 2007) | 2 lines issue1597011: Fix for bz2 module corner-case error due to error checking bug. ........ r58180 | facundo.batista | 2007-09-17 18:26:50 +0200 (Mon, 17 Sep 2007) | 3 lines Decimal is updated, :) ........ r58181 | facundo.batista | 2007-09-17 19:30:13 +0200 (Mon, 17 Sep 2007) | 5 lines The methods always return Decimal classes, even if they're executed through a subclass (thanks Mark Dickinson). Added a bit of testing for this. ........ r58183 | sean.reifschneider | 2007-09-17 22:53:21 +0200 (Mon, 17 Sep 2007) | 2 lines issue1082: Fixing platform and system for Vista. ........ r58185 | andrew.kuchling | 2007-09-18 03:36:16 +0200 (Tue, 18 Sep 2007) | 1 line Add item; sort properly ........ r58186 | raymond.hettinger | 2007-09-18 05:33:19 +0200 (Tue, 18 Sep 2007) | 1 line Handle corner cased on 0-tuples and 1-tuples. Add verbose option so people can see how it works. ........ r58192 | georg.brandl | 2007-09-18 09:24:40 +0200 (Tue, 18 Sep 2007) | 2 lines A bit of reordering, also show more subheadings in the lang ref index. ........ r58193 | facundo.batista | 2007-09-18 18:53:18 +0200 (Tue, 18 Sep 2007) | 4 lines Speed up of the various division operations (remainder, divide, divideint and divmod). Thanks Mark Dickinson. ........ r58197 | raymond.hettinger | 2007-09-19 00:18:02 +0200 (Wed, 19 Sep 2007) | 1 line Cleanup docs for NamedTuple. ........
2007-09-19 00:06:30 -03:00
the built-in variables with those names. In the current implementation, the
built-in variable :const:`__debug__` is ``True`` under normal circumstances,
Merged revisions 58095-58132,58136-58148,58151-58197 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r58096 | brett.cannon | 2007-09-10 23:38:27 +0200 (Mon, 10 Sep 2007) | 4 lines Fix a possible segfault from recursing too deep to get the repr of a list. Closes issue #1096. ........ r58097 | bill.janssen | 2007-09-10 23:51:02 +0200 (Mon, 10 Sep 2007) | 33 lines More work on SSL support. * Much expanded test suite: All protocols tested against all other protocols. All protocols tested with all certificate options. Tests for bad key and bad cert. Test of STARTTLS functionality. Test of RAND_* functions. * Fixes for threading/malloc bug. * Issue 1065 fixed: sslsocket class renamed to SSLSocket. sslerror class renamed to SSLError. Function "wrap_socket" now used to wrap an existing socket. * Issue 1583946 finally fixed: Support for subjectAltName added. Subject name now returned as proper DN list of RDNs. * SSLError exported from socket as "sslerror". * RAND_* functions properly exported from ssl.py. * Documentation improved: Example of how to create a self-signed certificate. Better indexing. ........ r58098 | guido.van.rossum | 2007-09-11 00:02:25 +0200 (Tue, 11 Sep 2007) | 9 lines Patch # 1140 (my code, approved by Effbot). Make sure the type of the return value of re.sub(x, y, z) is the type of y+x (i.e. unicode if either is unicode, str if they are both str) even if there are no substitutions or if x==z (which triggered various special cases in join_list()). Could be backported to 2.5; no need to port to 3.0. ........ r58099 | guido.van.rossum | 2007-09-11 00:36:02 +0200 (Tue, 11 Sep 2007) | 8 lines Patch # 1026 by Benjamin Aranguren (with Alex Martelli): Backport abc.py and isinstance/issubclass overloading to 2.6. I had to backport test_typechecks.py myself, and make one small change to abc.py to avoid duplicate work when x.__class__ and type(x) are the same. ........ r58100 | bill.janssen | 2007-09-11 01:41:24 +0200 (Tue, 11 Sep 2007) | 3 lines A better way of finding an open port to test with. ........ r58101 | bill.janssen | 2007-09-11 03:09:19 +0200 (Tue, 11 Sep 2007) | 4 lines Make sure test_ssl doesn't reference the ssl module in a context where it can't be imported. ........ r58102 | bill.janssen | 2007-09-11 04:42:07 +0200 (Tue, 11 Sep 2007) | 3 lines Fix some documentation bugs. ........ r58103 | nick.coghlan | 2007-09-11 16:01:18 +0200 (Tue, 11 Sep 2007) | 1 line Always use the -E flag when spawning subprocesses in test_cmd_line (Issue 1056) ........ r58106 | thomas.heller | 2007-09-11 21:17:48 +0200 (Tue, 11 Sep 2007) | 3 lines Disable some tests that fail on the 'ppc Debian unstable' buildbot to find out if they cause the segfault on the 'alpha Debian' machine. ........ r58108 | brett.cannon | 2007-09-11 23:02:28 +0200 (Tue, 11 Sep 2007) | 6 lines Generators had their throw() method allowing string exceptions. That's a no-no. Fixes issue #1147. Need to fix 2.5 to raise a proper warning if a string exception is passed in. ........ r58112 | georg.brandl | 2007-09-12 20:03:51 +0200 (Wed, 12 Sep 2007) | 3 lines New documentation page for the bdb module. (This doesn't need to be merged to Py3k.) ........ r58114 | georg.brandl | 2007-09-12 20:05:57 +0200 (Wed, 12 Sep 2007) | 2 lines Bug #1152: use non-deprecated name in example. ........ r58115 | georg.brandl | 2007-09-12 20:08:33 +0200 (Wed, 12 Sep 2007) | 2 lines Fix #1122: wrong return type documented for various _Size() functions. ........ r58117 | georg.brandl | 2007-09-12 20:10:56 +0200 (Wed, 12 Sep 2007) | 2 lines Fix #1139: PyFile_Encoding really is PyFile_SetEncoding. ........ r58119 | georg.brandl | 2007-09-12 20:29:18 +0200 (Wed, 12 Sep 2007) | 2 lines bug #1154: release memory allocated by "es" PyArg_ParseTuple format specifier. ........ r58121 | bill.janssen | 2007-09-12 20:52:05 +0200 (Wed, 12 Sep 2007) | 1 line root certificate for https://svn.python.org/, used in test_ssl ........ r58122 | georg.brandl | 2007-09-12 21:00:07 +0200 (Wed, 12 Sep 2007) | 3 lines Bug #1153: repr.repr() now doesn't require set and dictionary items to be orderable to properly represent them. ........ r58125 | georg.brandl | 2007-09-12 21:29:28 +0200 (Wed, 12 Sep 2007) | 4 lines #1120: put explicit version in the shebang lines of pydoc, idle and smtpd.py scripts that are installed by setup.py. That way, they work when only "make altinstall" is used. ........ r58139 | mark.summerfield | 2007-09-13 16:54:30 +0200 (Thu, 13 Sep 2007) | 9 lines Replaced variable o with obj in operator.rst because o is easy to confuse. Added a note about Python 3's collections.Mapping etc., above section that describes isMappingType() etc. Added xrefs between os, os.path, fileinput, and open(). ........ r58143 | facundo.batista | 2007-09-13 20:13:15 +0200 (Thu, 13 Sep 2007) | 7 lines Merged the decimal-branch (revisions 54886 to 58140). Decimal is now fully updated to the latests Decimal Specification (v1.66) and the latests test cases (v2.56). Thanks to Mark Dickinson for all his help during this process. ........ r58145 | facundo.batista | 2007-09-13 20:42:09 +0200 (Thu, 13 Sep 2007) | 7 lines Put the parameter watchexp back in (changed watchexp from an int to a bool). Also second argument to watchexp is now converted to Decimal, just as with all the other two-argument operations. Thanks Mark Dickinson. ........ r58147 | andrew.kuchling | 2007-09-14 00:49:34 +0200 (Fri, 14 Sep 2007) | 1 line Add various items ........ r58148 | andrew.kuchling | 2007-09-14 00:50:10 +0200 (Fri, 14 Sep 2007) | 1 line Make target unique ........ r58154 | facundo.batista | 2007-09-14 20:58:34 +0200 (Fri, 14 Sep 2007) | 3 lines Included the new functions, and new descriptions. ........ r58155 | thomas.heller | 2007-09-14 21:40:35 +0200 (Fri, 14 Sep 2007) | 2 lines ctypes.util.find_library uses dump(1) instead of objdump(1) on Solaris. Fixes issue #1777530; will backport to release25-maint. ........ r58159 | facundo.batista | 2007-09-14 23:29:52 +0200 (Fri, 14 Sep 2007) | 3 lines Some additions (examples and a bit on the tutorial). ........ r58160 | georg.brandl | 2007-09-15 18:53:36 +0200 (Sat, 15 Sep 2007) | 2 lines Remove bdb from the "undocumented modules" list. ........ r58164 | bill.janssen | 2007-09-17 00:06:00 +0200 (Mon, 17 Sep 2007) | 15 lines Add support for asyncore server-side SSL support. This requires adding the 'makefile' method to ssl.SSLSocket, and importing the requisite fakefile class from socket.py, and making the appropriate changes to it to make it use the SSL connection. Added sample HTTPS server to test_ssl.py, and test that uses it. Change SSL tests to use https://svn.python.org/, instead of www.sf.net and pop.gmail.com. Added utility function to ssl module, get_server_certificate, to wrap up the several things to be done to pull a certificate from a remote server. ........ r58173 | bill.janssen | 2007-09-17 01:16:46 +0200 (Mon, 17 Sep 2007) | 1 line use binary mode when reading files for testAsyncore to make Windows happy ........ r58175 | raymond.hettinger | 2007-09-17 02:55:00 +0200 (Mon, 17 Sep 2007) | 7 lines Sync-up named tuples with the latest version of the ASPN recipe. Allows optional commas in the field-name spec (help when named tuples are used in conjuction with sql queries). Adds the __fields__ attribute for introspection and to support conversion to dictionary form. Adds a __replace__() method similar to str.replace() but using a named field as a target. Clean-up spelling and presentation in doc-strings. ........ r58176 | brett.cannon | 2007-09-17 05:28:34 +0200 (Mon, 17 Sep 2007) | 5 lines Add a bunch of GIL release/acquire points in tp_print implementations and for PyObject_Print(). Closes issue #1164. ........ r58177 | sean.reifschneider | 2007-09-17 07:45:04 +0200 (Mon, 17 Sep 2007) | 2 lines issue1597011: Fix for bz2 module corner-case error due to error checking bug. ........ r58180 | facundo.batista | 2007-09-17 18:26:50 +0200 (Mon, 17 Sep 2007) | 3 lines Decimal is updated, :) ........ r58181 | facundo.batista | 2007-09-17 19:30:13 +0200 (Mon, 17 Sep 2007) | 5 lines The methods always return Decimal classes, even if they're executed through a subclass (thanks Mark Dickinson). Added a bit of testing for this. ........ r58183 | sean.reifschneider | 2007-09-17 22:53:21 +0200 (Mon, 17 Sep 2007) | 2 lines issue1082: Fixing platform and system for Vista. ........ r58185 | andrew.kuchling | 2007-09-18 03:36:16 +0200 (Tue, 18 Sep 2007) | 1 line Add item; sort properly ........ r58186 | raymond.hettinger | 2007-09-18 05:33:19 +0200 (Tue, 18 Sep 2007) | 1 line Handle corner cased on 0-tuples and 1-tuples. Add verbose option so people can see how it works. ........ r58192 | georg.brandl | 2007-09-18 09:24:40 +0200 (Tue, 18 Sep 2007) | 2 lines A bit of reordering, also show more subheadings in the lang ref index. ........ r58193 | facundo.batista | 2007-09-18 18:53:18 +0200 (Tue, 18 Sep 2007) | 4 lines Speed up of the various division operations (remainder, divide, divideint and divmod). Thanks Mark Dickinson. ........ r58197 | raymond.hettinger | 2007-09-19 00:18:02 +0200 (Wed, 19 Sep 2007) | 1 line Cleanup docs for NamedTuple. ........
2007-09-19 00:06:30 -03:00
``False`` when optimization is requested (command line option -O). The current
code generator emits no code for an assert statement when optimization is
requested at compile time. Note that it is unnecessary to include the source
code for the expression that failed in the error message; it will be displayed
as part of the stack trace.
Assignments to :const:`__debug__` are illegal. The value for the built-in variable
Merged revisions 58095-58132,58136-58148,58151-58197 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r58096 | brett.cannon | 2007-09-10 23:38:27 +0200 (Mon, 10 Sep 2007) | 4 lines Fix a possible segfault from recursing too deep to get the repr of a list. Closes issue #1096. ........ r58097 | bill.janssen | 2007-09-10 23:51:02 +0200 (Mon, 10 Sep 2007) | 33 lines More work on SSL support. * Much expanded test suite: All protocols tested against all other protocols. All protocols tested with all certificate options. Tests for bad key and bad cert. Test of STARTTLS functionality. Test of RAND_* functions. * Fixes for threading/malloc bug. * Issue 1065 fixed: sslsocket class renamed to SSLSocket. sslerror class renamed to SSLError. Function "wrap_socket" now used to wrap an existing socket. * Issue 1583946 finally fixed: Support for subjectAltName added. Subject name now returned as proper DN list of RDNs. * SSLError exported from socket as "sslerror". * RAND_* functions properly exported from ssl.py. * Documentation improved: Example of how to create a self-signed certificate. Better indexing. ........ r58098 | guido.van.rossum | 2007-09-11 00:02:25 +0200 (Tue, 11 Sep 2007) | 9 lines Patch # 1140 (my code, approved by Effbot). Make sure the type of the return value of re.sub(x, y, z) is the type of y+x (i.e. unicode if either is unicode, str if they are both str) even if there are no substitutions or if x==z (which triggered various special cases in join_list()). Could be backported to 2.5; no need to port to 3.0. ........ r58099 | guido.van.rossum | 2007-09-11 00:36:02 +0200 (Tue, 11 Sep 2007) | 8 lines Patch # 1026 by Benjamin Aranguren (with Alex Martelli): Backport abc.py and isinstance/issubclass overloading to 2.6. I had to backport test_typechecks.py myself, and make one small change to abc.py to avoid duplicate work when x.__class__ and type(x) are the same. ........ r58100 | bill.janssen | 2007-09-11 01:41:24 +0200 (Tue, 11 Sep 2007) | 3 lines A better way of finding an open port to test with. ........ r58101 | bill.janssen | 2007-09-11 03:09:19 +0200 (Tue, 11 Sep 2007) | 4 lines Make sure test_ssl doesn't reference the ssl module in a context where it can't be imported. ........ r58102 | bill.janssen | 2007-09-11 04:42:07 +0200 (Tue, 11 Sep 2007) | 3 lines Fix some documentation bugs. ........ r58103 | nick.coghlan | 2007-09-11 16:01:18 +0200 (Tue, 11 Sep 2007) | 1 line Always use the -E flag when spawning subprocesses in test_cmd_line (Issue 1056) ........ r58106 | thomas.heller | 2007-09-11 21:17:48 +0200 (Tue, 11 Sep 2007) | 3 lines Disable some tests that fail on the 'ppc Debian unstable' buildbot to find out if they cause the segfault on the 'alpha Debian' machine. ........ r58108 | brett.cannon | 2007-09-11 23:02:28 +0200 (Tue, 11 Sep 2007) | 6 lines Generators had their throw() method allowing string exceptions. That's a no-no. Fixes issue #1147. Need to fix 2.5 to raise a proper warning if a string exception is passed in. ........ r58112 | georg.brandl | 2007-09-12 20:03:51 +0200 (Wed, 12 Sep 2007) | 3 lines New documentation page for the bdb module. (This doesn't need to be merged to Py3k.) ........ r58114 | georg.brandl | 2007-09-12 20:05:57 +0200 (Wed, 12 Sep 2007) | 2 lines Bug #1152: use non-deprecated name in example. ........ r58115 | georg.brandl | 2007-09-12 20:08:33 +0200 (Wed, 12 Sep 2007) | 2 lines Fix #1122: wrong return type documented for various _Size() functions. ........ r58117 | georg.brandl | 2007-09-12 20:10:56 +0200 (Wed, 12 Sep 2007) | 2 lines Fix #1139: PyFile_Encoding really is PyFile_SetEncoding. ........ r58119 | georg.brandl | 2007-09-12 20:29:18 +0200 (Wed, 12 Sep 2007) | 2 lines bug #1154: release memory allocated by "es" PyArg_ParseTuple format specifier. ........ r58121 | bill.janssen | 2007-09-12 20:52:05 +0200 (Wed, 12 Sep 2007) | 1 line root certificate for https://svn.python.org/, used in test_ssl ........ r58122 | georg.brandl | 2007-09-12 21:00:07 +0200 (Wed, 12 Sep 2007) | 3 lines Bug #1153: repr.repr() now doesn't require set and dictionary items to be orderable to properly represent them. ........ r58125 | georg.brandl | 2007-09-12 21:29:28 +0200 (Wed, 12 Sep 2007) | 4 lines #1120: put explicit version in the shebang lines of pydoc, idle and smtpd.py scripts that are installed by setup.py. That way, they work when only "make altinstall" is used. ........ r58139 | mark.summerfield | 2007-09-13 16:54:30 +0200 (Thu, 13 Sep 2007) | 9 lines Replaced variable o with obj in operator.rst because o is easy to confuse. Added a note about Python 3's collections.Mapping etc., above section that describes isMappingType() etc. Added xrefs between os, os.path, fileinput, and open(). ........ r58143 | facundo.batista | 2007-09-13 20:13:15 +0200 (Thu, 13 Sep 2007) | 7 lines Merged the decimal-branch (revisions 54886 to 58140). Decimal is now fully updated to the latests Decimal Specification (v1.66) and the latests test cases (v2.56). Thanks to Mark Dickinson for all his help during this process. ........ r58145 | facundo.batista | 2007-09-13 20:42:09 +0200 (Thu, 13 Sep 2007) | 7 lines Put the parameter watchexp back in (changed watchexp from an int to a bool). Also second argument to watchexp is now converted to Decimal, just as with all the other two-argument operations. Thanks Mark Dickinson. ........ r58147 | andrew.kuchling | 2007-09-14 00:49:34 +0200 (Fri, 14 Sep 2007) | 1 line Add various items ........ r58148 | andrew.kuchling | 2007-09-14 00:50:10 +0200 (Fri, 14 Sep 2007) | 1 line Make target unique ........ r58154 | facundo.batista | 2007-09-14 20:58:34 +0200 (Fri, 14 Sep 2007) | 3 lines Included the new functions, and new descriptions. ........ r58155 | thomas.heller | 2007-09-14 21:40:35 +0200 (Fri, 14 Sep 2007) | 2 lines ctypes.util.find_library uses dump(1) instead of objdump(1) on Solaris. Fixes issue #1777530; will backport to release25-maint. ........ r58159 | facundo.batista | 2007-09-14 23:29:52 +0200 (Fri, 14 Sep 2007) | 3 lines Some additions (examples and a bit on the tutorial). ........ r58160 | georg.brandl | 2007-09-15 18:53:36 +0200 (Sat, 15 Sep 2007) | 2 lines Remove bdb from the "undocumented modules" list. ........ r58164 | bill.janssen | 2007-09-17 00:06:00 +0200 (Mon, 17 Sep 2007) | 15 lines Add support for asyncore server-side SSL support. This requires adding the 'makefile' method to ssl.SSLSocket, and importing the requisite fakefile class from socket.py, and making the appropriate changes to it to make it use the SSL connection. Added sample HTTPS server to test_ssl.py, and test that uses it. Change SSL tests to use https://svn.python.org/, instead of www.sf.net and pop.gmail.com. Added utility function to ssl module, get_server_certificate, to wrap up the several things to be done to pull a certificate from a remote server. ........ r58173 | bill.janssen | 2007-09-17 01:16:46 +0200 (Mon, 17 Sep 2007) | 1 line use binary mode when reading files for testAsyncore to make Windows happy ........ r58175 | raymond.hettinger | 2007-09-17 02:55:00 +0200 (Mon, 17 Sep 2007) | 7 lines Sync-up named tuples with the latest version of the ASPN recipe. Allows optional commas in the field-name spec (help when named tuples are used in conjuction with sql queries). Adds the __fields__ attribute for introspection and to support conversion to dictionary form. Adds a __replace__() method similar to str.replace() but using a named field as a target. Clean-up spelling and presentation in doc-strings. ........ r58176 | brett.cannon | 2007-09-17 05:28:34 +0200 (Mon, 17 Sep 2007) | 5 lines Add a bunch of GIL release/acquire points in tp_print implementations and for PyObject_Print(). Closes issue #1164. ........ r58177 | sean.reifschneider | 2007-09-17 07:45:04 +0200 (Mon, 17 Sep 2007) | 2 lines issue1597011: Fix for bz2 module corner-case error due to error checking bug. ........ r58180 | facundo.batista | 2007-09-17 18:26:50 +0200 (Mon, 17 Sep 2007) | 3 lines Decimal is updated, :) ........ r58181 | facundo.batista | 2007-09-17 19:30:13 +0200 (Mon, 17 Sep 2007) | 5 lines The methods always return Decimal classes, even if they're executed through a subclass (thanks Mark Dickinson). Added a bit of testing for this. ........ r58183 | sean.reifschneider | 2007-09-17 22:53:21 +0200 (Mon, 17 Sep 2007) | 2 lines issue1082: Fixing platform and system for Vista. ........ r58185 | andrew.kuchling | 2007-09-18 03:36:16 +0200 (Tue, 18 Sep 2007) | 1 line Add item; sort properly ........ r58186 | raymond.hettinger | 2007-09-18 05:33:19 +0200 (Tue, 18 Sep 2007) | 1 line Handle corner cased on 0-tuples and 1-tuples. Add verbose option so people can see how it works. ........ r58192 | georg.brandl | 2007-09-18 09:24:40 +0200 (Tue, 18 Sep 2007) | 2 lines A bit of reordering, also show more subheadings in the lang ref index. ........ r58193 | facundo.batista | 2007-09-18 18:53:18 +0200 (Tue, 18 Sep 2007) | 4 lines Speed up of the various division operations (remainder, divide, divideint and divmod). Thanks Mark Dickinson. ........ r58197 | raymond.hettinger | 2007-09-19 00:18:02 +0200 (Wed, 19 Sep 2007) | 1 line Cleanup docs for NamedTuple. ........
2007-09-19 00:06:30 -03:00
is determined when the interpreter starts.
2007-08-15 11:28:22 -03:00
.. _pass:
The :keyword:`pass` statement
=============================
Merged revisions 59703-59773 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r59704 | christian.heimes | 2008-01-04 04:15:05 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 1 line Moved include "Python.h" in front of other imports to silence a warning. ........ r59706 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-01-04 04:22:53 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 10 lines Minor fix-ups to named tuples: * Make the _replace() method respect subclassing. * Using property() to make _fields read-only wasn't a good idea. It caused len(Point._fields) to fail. * Add note to _cast() about length checking and alternative with the star-operator. ........ r59707 | jeffrey.yasskin | 2008-01-04 09:01:23 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 3 lines Make math.{floor,ceil}({int,long}) return float again for backwards compatibility after r59671 made them return integral types. ........ r59709 | christian.heimes | 2008-01-04 14:21:07 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 1 line Bug #1713: posixpath.ismount() claims symlink to a mountpoint is a mountpoint. ........ r59712 | lars.gustaebel | 2008-01-04 15:00:33 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 5 lines Issue #1735: TarFile.extractall() now correctly sets directory permissions and times. (will backport to 2.5) ........ r59714 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-01-04 15:47:17 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 1 line Update links to bug/patch tracker ........ r59716 | christian.heimes | 2008-01-04 16:23:30 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 1 line Added interface to Windows' WSAIoctl and a simple example for a network sniffer. ........ r59717 | christian.heimes | 2008-01-04 16:29:00 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 1 line And here is the rest of Hirokazu Yamamoto's patch for VS6.0 support. Thanks Hiro! ........ r59719 | christian.heimes | 2008-01-04 16:34:06 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 1 line Reverted last transaction. It's the wrong branch. ........ r59721 | christian.heimes | 2008-01-04 16:48:06 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 1 line socket.ioctl is only available on Windows ........ r59722 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-01-04 19:24:41 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 1 line Fix markup ........ r59723 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-01-04 19:25:05 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 1 line Fix markup ........ r59725 | guido.van.rossum | 2008-01-05 01:59:59 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 3 lines Patch #1725 by Mark Dickinson, fixes incorrect conversion of -1e1000 and adds errors for -0x. ........ r59726 | guido.van.rossum | 2008-01-05 02:21:57 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Patch #1698 by Senthil: allow '@' in username when parsed by urlparse.py. ........ r59727 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-01-05 02:35:43 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 1 line Improve namedtuple's _cast() method with a docstring, new name, and error-checking. ........ r59728 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-01-05 03:17:24 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 1 line Add error-checking to namedtuple's _replace() method. ........ r59730 | fred.drake | 2008-01-05 05:38:38 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines clean up a comment ........ r59731 | jeffrey.yasskin | 2008-01-05 09:47:13 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 11 lines Continue rolling back pep-3141 changes that changed behavior from 2.5. This round included: * Revert round to its 2.6 behavior (half away from 0). * Because round, floor, and ceil always return float again, it's no longer necessary to have them delegate to __xxx___, so I've ripped that out of their implementations and the Real ABC. This also helps in implementing types that work in both 2.6 and 3.0: you return int from the __xxx__ methods, and let it get enabled by the version upgrade. * Make pow(-1, .5) raise a ValueError again. ........ r59736 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-01-05 16:13:49 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 1 line Fix comment typo ........ r59738 | thomas.heller | 2008-01-05 18:15:44 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 1 line Add myself. ........ r59739 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-05 18:49:17 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Fix C++-style comment. ........ r59742 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-05 20:28:16 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Remove with_statement future imports from 2.6 docs. ........ r59743 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-05 20:29:45 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Simplify index entries; fix #1712. ........ r59744 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-05 20:44:22 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Doc patch #1730 from Robin Stocker; minor corrections mostly to os.rst. ........ r59749 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-05 21:29:13 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Revert socket.rst to unix-eol. ........ r59750 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-05 21:33:46 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Set native svn:eol-style property for text files. ........ r59752 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-05 21:46:29 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines #1719: capitalization error in "UuidCreate". ........ r59753 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-05 22:02:25 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Repair markup. ........ r59754 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-05 22:10:50 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Use markup. ........ r59757 | christian.heimes | 2008-01-05 22:35:52 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 1 line Final adjustments for #1601 ........ r59758 | guido.van.rossum | 2008-01-05 23:19:06 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 3 lines Patch #1637: fix urlparse for URLs like 'http://x.com?arg=/foo'. Fix by John Nagle. ........ r59759 | guido.van.rossum | 2008-01-05 23:20:01 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Add John Nagle (of issue #1637). ........ r59765 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-01-06 10:02:24 +0100 (Sun, 06 Jan 2008) | 1 line Small code simplification. Forgot that classmethods can be called from intances. ........ r59766 | martin.v.loewis | 2008-01-06 11:09:48 +0100 (Sun, 06 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Use vcbuild for VS 2009. ........ r59767 | martin.v.loewis | 2008-01-06 12:03:43 +0100 (Sun, 06 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Package using VS 2008. ........ r59768 | martin.v.loewis | 2008-01-06 12:13:16 +0100 (Sun, 06 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Don't try to package msvcr90 for the moment. ........ r59769 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-06 15:17:36 +0100 (Sun, 06 Jan 2008) | 4 lines #1696393: don't check for '.' and '..' in ntpath.walk since they aren't returned from os.listdir anymore. Reported by Michael Haggerty. ........ r59770 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-06 15:27:15 +0100 (Sun, 06 Jan 2008) | 3 lines #1742: don't raise exception on os.path.relpath("a", "a"), but return os.curdir. Reported by Jesse Towner. ........ r59771 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-06 15:33:52 +0100 (Sun, 06 Jan 2008) | 2 lines #1591: Clarify docstring of Popen3. ........ r59772 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-06 16:30:34 +0100 (Sun, 06 Jan 2008) | 2 lines #1680: fix context manager example function name. ........ r59773 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-06 16:34:57 +0100 (Sun, 06 Jan 2008) | 2 lines #1755097: document default values for [].sort() and sorted(). ........
2008-01-06 12:59:19 -04:00
.. index::
statement: pass
pair: null; operation
pair: null; operation
2007-08-15 11:28:22 -03:00
.. productionlist::
pass_stmt: "pass"
:keyword:`pass` is a null operation --- when it is executed, nothing happens.
It is useful as a placeholder when a statement is required syntactically, but no
code needs to be executed, for example::
def f(arg): pass # a function that does nothing (yet)
class C: pass # a class with no methods (yet)
.. _del:
The :keyword:`del` statement
============================
Merged revisions 59703-59773 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r59704 | christian.heimes | 2008-01-04 04:15:05 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 1 line Moved include "Python.h" in front of other imports to silence a warning. ........ r59706 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-01-04 04:22:53 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 10 lines Minor fix-ups to named tuples: * Make the _replace() method respect subclassing. * Using property() to make _fields read-only wasn't a good idea. It caused len(Point._fields) to fail. * Add note to _cast() about length checking and alternative with the star-operator. ........ r59707 | jeffrey.yasskin | 2008-01-04 09:01:23 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 3 lines Make math.{floor,ceil}({int,long}) return float again for backwards compatibility after r59671 made them return integral types. ........ r59709 | christian.heimes | 2008-01-04 14:21:07 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 1 line Bug #1713: posixpath.ismount() claims symlink to a mountpoint is a mountpoint. ........ r59712 | lars.gustaebel | 2008-01-04 15:00:33 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 5 lines Issue #1735: TarFile.extractall() now correctly sets directory permissions and times. (will backport to 2.5) ........ r59714 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-01-04 15:47:17 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 1 line Update links to bug/patch tracker ........ r59716 | christian.heimes | 2008-01-04 16:23:30 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 1 line Added interface to Windows' WSAIoctl and a simple example for a network sniffer. ........ r59717 | christian.heimes | 2008-01-04 16:29:00 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 1 line And here is the rest of Hirokazu Yamamoto's patch for VS6.0 support. Thanks Hiro! ........ r59719 | christian.heimes | 2008-01-04 16:34:06 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 1 line Reverted last transaction. It's the wrong branch. ........ r59721 | christian.heimes | 2008-01-04 16:48:06 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 1 line socket.ioctl is only available on Windows ........ r59722 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-01-04 19:24:41 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 1 line Fix markup ........ r59723 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-01-04 19:25:05 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 1 line Fix markup ........ r59725 | guido.van.rossum | 2008-01-05 01:59:59 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 3 lines Patch #1725 by Mark Dickinson, fixes incorrect conversion of -1e1000 and adds errors for -0x. ........ r59726 | guido.van.rossum | 2008-01-05 02:21:57 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Patch #1698 by Senthil: allow '@' in username when parsed by urlparse.py. ........ r59727 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-01-05 02:35:43 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 1 line Improve namedtuple's _cast() method with a docstring, new name, and error-checking. ........ r59728 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-01-05 03:17:24 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 1 line Add error-checking to namedtuple's _replace() method. ........ r59730 | fred.drake | 2008-01-05 05:38:38 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines clean up a comment ........ r59731 | jeffrey.yasskin | 2008-01-05 09:47:13 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 11 lines Continue rolling back pep-3141 changes that changed behavior from 2.5. This round included: * Revert round to its 2.6 behavior (half away from 0). * Because round, floor, and ceil always return float again, it's no longer necessary to have them delegate to __xxx___, so I've ripped that out of their implementations and the Real ABC. This also helps in implementing types that work in both 2.6 and 3.0: you return int from the __xxx__ methods, and let it get enabled by the version upgrade. * Make pow(-1, .5) raise a ValueError again. ........ r59736 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-01-05 16:13:49 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 1 line Fix comment typo ........ r59738 | thomas.heller | 2008-01-05 18:15:44 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 1 line Add myself. ........ r59739 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-05 18:49:17 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Fix C++-style comment. ........ r59742 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-05 20:28:16 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Remove with_statement future imports from 2.6 docs. ........ r59743 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-05 20:29:45 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Simplify index entries; fix #1712. ........ r59744 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-05 20:44:22 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Doc patch #1730 from Robin Stocker; minor corrections mostly to os.rst. ........ r59749 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-05 21:29:13 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Revert socket.rst to unix-eol. ........ r59750 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-05 21:33:46 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Set native svn:eol-style property for text files. ........ r59752 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-05 21:46:29 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines #1719: capitalization error in "UuidCreate". ........ r59753 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-05 22:02:25 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Repair markup. ........ r59754 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-05 22:10:50 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Use markup. ........ r59757 | christian.heimes | 2008-01-05 22:35:52 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 1 line Final adjustments for #1601 ........ r59758 | guido.van.rossum | 2008-01-05 23:19:06 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 3 lines Patch #1637: fix urlparse for URLs like 'http://x.com?arg=/foo'. Fix by John Nagle. ........ r59759 | guido.van.rossum | 2008-01-05 23:20:01 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Add John Nagle (of issue #1637). ........ r59765 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-01-06 10:02:24 +0100 (Sun, 06 Jan 2008) | 1 line Small code simplification. Forgot that classmethods can be called from intances. ........ r59766 | martin.v.loewis | 2008-01-06 11:09:48 +0100 (Sun, 06 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Use vcbuild for VS 2009. ........ r59767 | martin.v.loewis | 2008-01-06 12:03:43 +0100 (Sun, 06 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Package using VS 2008. ........ r59768 | martin.v.loewis | 2008-01-06 12:13:16 +0100 (Sun, 06 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Don't try to package msvcr90 for the moment. ........ r59769 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-06 15:17:36 +0100 (Sun, 06 Jan 2008) | 4 lines #1696393: don't check for '.' and '..' in ntpath.walk since they aren't returned from os.listdir anymore. Reported by Michael Haggerty. ........ r59770 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-06 15:27:15 +0100 (Sun, 06 Jan 2008) | 3 lines #1742: don't raise exception on os.path.relpath("a", "a"), but return os.curdir. Reported by Jesse Towner. ........ r59771 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-06 15:33:52 +0100 (Sun, 06 Jan 2008) | 2 lines #1591: Clarify docstring of Popen3. ........ r59772 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-06 16:30:34 +0100 (Sun, 06 Jan 2008) | 2 lines #1680: fix context manager example function name. ........ r59773 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-06 16:34:57 +0100 (Sun, 06 Jan 2008) | 2 lines #1755097: document default values for [].sort() and sorted(). ........
2008-01-06 12:59:19 -04:00
.. index::
statement: del
pair: deletion; target
triple: deletion; target; list
2007-08-15 11:28:22 -03:00
.. productionlist::
del_stmt: "del" `target_list`
Deletion is recursively defined very similar to the way assignment is defined.
Rather that spelling it out in full details, here are some hints.
Deletion of a target list recursively deletes each target, from left to right.
.. index::
statement: global
pair: unbinding; name
Deletion of a name removes the binding of that name from the local or global
2007-08-15 11:28:22 -03:00
namespace, depending on whether the name occurs in a :keyword:`global` statement
in the same code block. If the name is unbound, a :exc:`NameError` exception
will be raised.
.. index:: pair: free; variable
It is illegal to delete a name from the local namespace if it occurs as a free
variable in a nested block.
.. index:: pair: attribute; deletion
Deletion of attribute references, subscriptions and slicings is passed to the
primary object involved; deletion of a slicing is in general equivalent to
assignment of an empty slice of the right type (but even this is determined by
the sliced object).
.. _return:
The :keyword:`return` statement
===============================
Merged revisions 59703-59773 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r59704 | christian.heimes | 2008-01-04 04:15:05 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 1 line Moved include "Python.h" in front of other imports to silence a warning. ........ r59706 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-01-04 04:22:53 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 10 lines Minor fix-ups to named tuples: * Make the _replace() method respect subclassing. * Using property() to make _fields read-only wasn't a good idea. It caused len(Point._fields) to fail. * Add note to _cast() about length checking and alternative with the star-operator. ........ r59707 | jeffrey.yasskin | 2008-01-04 09:01:23 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 3 lines Make math.{floor,ceil}({int,long}) return float again for backwards compatibility after r59671 made them return integral types. ........ r59709 | christian.heimes | 2008-01-04 14:21:07 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 1 line Bug #1713: posixpath.ismount() claims symlink to a mountpoint is a mountpoint. ........ r59712 | lars.gustaebel | 2008-01-04 15:00:33 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 5 lines Issue #1735: TarFile.extractall() now correctly sets directory permissions and times. (will backport to 2.5) ........ r59714 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-01-04 15:47:17 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 1 line Update links to bug/patch tracker ........ r59716 | christian.heimes | 2008-01-04 16:23:30 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 1 line Added interface to Windows' WSAIoctl and a simple example for a network sniffer. ........ r59717 | christian.heimes | 2008-01-04 16:29:00 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 1 line And here is the rest of Hirokazu Yamamoto's patch for VS6.0 support. Thanks Hiro! ........ r59719 | christian.heimes | 2008-01-04 16:34:06 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 1 line Reverted last transaction. It's the wrong branch. ........ r59721 | christian.heimes | 2008-01-04 16:48:06 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 1 line socket.ioctl is only available on Windows ........ r59722 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-01-04 19:24:41 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 1 line Fix markup ........ r59723 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-01-04 19:25:05 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 1 line Fix markup ........ r59725 | guido.van.rossum | 2008-01-05 01:59:59 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 3 lines Patch #1725 by Mark Dickinson, fixes incorrect conversion of -1e1000 and adds errors for -0x. ........ r59726 | guido.van.rossum | 2008-01-05 02:21:57 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Patch #1698 by Senthil: allow '@' in username when parsed by urlparse.py. ........ r59727 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-01-05 02:35:43 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 1 line Improve namedtuple's _cast() method with a docstring, new name, and error-checking. ........ r59728 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-01-05 03:17:24 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 1 line Add error-checking to namedtuple's _replace() method. ........ r59730 | fred.drake | 2008-01-05 05:38:38 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines clean up a comment ........ r59731 | jeffrey.yasskin | 2008-01-05 09:47:13 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 11 lines Continue rolling back pep-3141 changes that changed behavior from 2.5. This round included: * Revert round to its 2.6 behavior (half away from 0). * Because round, floor, and ceil always return float again, it's no longer necessary to have them delegate to __xxx___, so I've ripped that out of their implementations and the Real ABC. This also helps in implementing types that work in both 2.6 and 3.0: you return int from the __xxx__ methods, and let it get enabled by the version upgrade. * Make pow(-1, .5) raise a ValueError again. ........ r59736 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-01-05 16:13:49 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 1 line Fix comment typo ........ r59738 | thomas.heller | 2008-01-05 18:15:44 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 1 line Add myself. ........ r59739 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-05 18:49:17 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Fix C++-style comment. ........ r59742 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-05 20:28:16 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Remove with_statement future imports from 2.6 docs. ........ r59743 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-05 20:29:45 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Simplify index entries; fix #1712. ........ r59744 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-05 20:44:22 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Doc patch #1730 from Robin Stocker; minor corrections mostly to os.rst. ........ r59749 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-05 21:29:13 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Revert socket.rst to unix-eol. ........ r59750 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-05 21:33:46 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Set native svn:eol-style property for text files. ........ r59752 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-05 21:46:29 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines #1719: capitalization error in "UuidCreate". ........ r59753 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-05 22:02:25 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Repair markup. ........ r59754 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-05 22:10:50 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Use markup. ........ r59757 | christian.heimes | 2008-01-05 22:35:52 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 1 line Final adjustments for #1601 ........ r59758 | guido.van.rossum | 2008-01-05 23:19:06 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 3 lines Patch #1637: fix urlparse for URLs like 'http://x.com?arg=/foo'. Fix by John Nagle. ........ r59759 | guido.van.rossum | 2008-01-05 23:20:01 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Add John Nagle (of issue #1637). ........ r59765 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-01-06 10:02:24 +0100 (Sun, 06 Jan 2008) | 1 line Small code simplification. Forgot that classmethods can be called from intances. ........ r59766 | martin.v.loewis | 2008-01-06 11:09:48 +0100 (Sun, 06 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Use vcbuild for VS 2009. ........ r59767 | martin.v.loewis | 2008-01-06 12:03:43 +0100 (Sun, 06 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Package using VS 2008. ........ r59768 | martin.v.loewis | 2008-01-06 12:13:16 +0100 (Sun, 06 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Don't try to package msvcr90 for the moment. ........ r59769 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-06 15:17:36 +0100 (Sun, 06 Jan 2008) | 4 lines #1696393: don't check for '.' and '..' in ntpath.walk since they aren't returned from os.listdir anymore. Reported by Michael Haggerty. ........ r59770 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-06 15:27:15 +0100 (Sun, 06 Jan 2008) | 3 lines #1742: don't raise exception on os.path.relpath("a", "a"), but return os.curdir. Reported by Jesse Towner. ........ r59771 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-06 15:33:52 +0100 (Sun, 06 Jan 2008) | 2 lines #1591: Clarify docstring of Popen3. ........ r59772 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-06 16:30:34 +0100 (Sun, 06 Jan 2008) | 2 lines #1680: fix context manager example function name. ........ r59773 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-06 16:34:57 +0100 (Sun, 06 Jan 2008) | 2 lines #1755097: document default values for [].sort() and sorted(). ........
2008-01-06 12:59:19 -04:00
.. index::
statement: return
pair: function; definition
pair: class; definition
2007-08-15 11:28:22 -03:00
.. productionlist::
return_stmt: "return" [`expression_list`]
:keyword:`return` may only occur syntactically nested in a function definition,
not within a nested class definition.
If an expression list is present, it is evaluated, else ``None`` is substituted.
:keyword:`return` leaves the current function call with the expression list (or
``None``) as return value.
.. index:: keyword: finally
When :keyword:`return` passes control out of a :keyword:`try` statement with a
:keyword:`finally` clause, that :keyword:`finally` clause is executed before
really leaving the function.
In a generator function, the :keyword:`return` statement is not allowed to
include an :token:`expression_list`. In that context, a bare :keyword:`return`
indicates that the generator is done and will cause :exc:`StopIteration` to be
raised.
.. _yield:
The :keyword:`yield` statement
==============================
Merged revisions 59703-59773 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r59704 | christian.heimes | 2008-01-04 04:15:05 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 1 line Moved include "Python.h" in front of other imports to silence a warning. ........ r59706 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-01-04 04:22:53 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 10 lines Minor fix-ups to named tuples: * Make the _replace() method respect subclassing. * Using property() to make _fields read-only wasn't a good idea. It caused len(Point._fields) to fail. * Add note to _cast() about length checking and alternative with the star-operator. ........ r59707 | jeffrey.yasskin | 2008-01-04 09:01:23 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 3 lines Make math.{floor,ceil}({int,long}) return float again for backwards compatibility after r59671 made them return integral types. ........ r59709 | christian.heimes | 2008-01-04 14:21:07 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 1 line Bug #1713: posixpath.ismount() claims symlink to a mountpoint is a mountpoint. ........ r59712 | lars.gustaebel | 2008-01-04 15:00:33 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 5 lines Issue #1735: TarFile.extractall() now correctly sets directory permissions and times. (will backport to 2.5) ........ r59714 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-01-04 15:47:17 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 1 line Update links to bug/patch tracker ........ r59716 | christian.heimes | 2008-01-04 16:23:30 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 1 line Added interface to Windows' WSAIoctl and a simple example for a network sniffer. ........ r59717 | christian.heimes | 2008-01-04 16:29:00 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 1 line And here is the rest of Hirokazu Yamamoto's patch for VS6.0 support. Thanks Hiro! ........ r59719 | christian.heimes | 2008-01-04 16:34:06 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 1 line Reverted last transaction. It's the wrong branch. ........ r59721 | christian.heimes | 2008-01-04 16:48:06 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 1 line socket.ioctl is only available on Windows ........ r59722 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-01-04 19:24:41 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 1 line Fix markup ........ r59723 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-01-04 19:25:05 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 1 line Fix markup ........ r59725 | guido.van.rossum | 2008-01-05 01:59:59 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 3 lines Patch #1725 by Mark Dickinson, fixes incorrect conversion of -1e1000 and adds errors for -0x. ........ r59726 | guido.van.rossum | 2008-01-05 02:21:57 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Patch #1698 by Senthil: allow '@' in username when parsed by urlparse.py. ........ r59727 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-01-05 02:35:43 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 1 line Improve namedtuple's _cast() method with a docstring, new name, and error-checking. ........ r59728 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-01-05 03:17:24 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 1 line Add error-checking to namedtuple's _replace() method. ........ r59730 | fred.drake | 2008-01-05 05:38:38 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines clean up a comment ........ r59731 | jeffrey.yasskin | 2008-01-05 09:47:13 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 11 lines Continue rolling back pep-3141 changes that changed behavior from 2.5. This round included: * Revert round to its 2.6 behavior (half away from 0). * Because round, floor, and ceil always return float again, it's no longer necessary to have them delegate to __xxx___, so I've ripped that out of their implementations and the Real ABC. This also helps in implementing types that work in both 2.6 and 3.0: you return int from the __xxx__ methods, and let it get enabled by the version upgrade. * Make pow(-1, .5) raise a ValueError again. ........ r59736 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-01-05 16:13:49 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 1 line Fix comment typo ........ r59738 | thomas.heller | 2008-01-05 18:15:44 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 1 line Add myself. ........ r59739 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-05 18:49:17 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Fix C++-style comment. ........ r59742 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-05 20:28:16 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Remove with_statement future imports from 2.6 docs. ........ r59743 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-05 20:29:45 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Simplify index entries; fix #1712. ........ r59744 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-05 20:44:22 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Doc patch #1730 from Robin Stocker; minor corrections mostly to os.rst. ........ r59749 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-05 21:29:13 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Revert socket.rst to unix-eol. ........ r59750 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-05 21:33:46 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Set native svn:eol-style property for text files. ........ r59752 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-05 21:46:29 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines #1719: capitalization error in "UuidCreate". ........ r59753 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-05 22:02:25 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Repair markup. ........ r59754 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-05 22:10:50 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Use markup. ........ r59757 | christian.heimes | 2008-01-05 22:35:52 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 1 line Final adjustments for #1601 ........ r59758 | guido.van.rossum | 2008-01-05 23:19:06 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 3 lines Patch #1637: fix urlparse for URLs like 'http://x.com?arg=/foo'. Fix by John Nagle. ........ r59759 | guido.van.rossum | 2008-01-05 23:20:01 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Add John Nagle (of issue #1637). ........ r59765 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-01-06 10:02:24 +0100 (Sun, 06 Jan 2008) | 1 line Small code simplification. Forgot that classmethods can be called from intances. ........ r59766 | martin.v.loewis | 2008-01-06 11:09:48 +0100 (Sun, 06 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Use vcbuild for VS 2009. ........ r59767 | martin.v.loewis | 2008-01-06 12:03:43 +0100 (Sun, 06 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Package using VS 2008. ........ r59768 | martin.v.loewis | 2008-01-06 12:13:16 +0100 (Sun, 06 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Don't try to package msvcr90 for the moment. ........ r59769 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-06 15:17:36 +0100 (Sun, 06 Jan 2008) | 4 lines #1696393: don't check for '.' and '..' in ntpath.walk since they aren't returned from os.listdir anymore. Reported by Michael Haggerty. ........ r59770 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-06 15:27:15 +0100 (Sun, 06 Jan 2008) | 3 lines #1742: don't raise exception on os.path.relpath("a", "a"), but return os.curdir. Reported by Jesse Towner. ........ r59771 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-06 15:33:52 +0100 (Sun, 06 Jan 2008) | 2 lines #1591: Clarify docstring of Popen3. ........ r59772 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-06 16:30:34 +0100 (Sun, 06 Jan 2008) | 2 lines #1680: fix context manager example function name. ........ r59773 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-06 16:34:57 +0100 (Sun, 06 Jan 2008) | 2 lines #1755097: document default values for [].sort() and sorted(). ........
2008-01-06 12:59:19 -04:00
.. index::
statement: yield
single: generator; function
single: generator; iterator
single: function; generator
exception: StopIteration
2007-08-15 11:28:22 -03:00
.. productionlist::
yield_stmt: `yield_expression`
Merged revisions 59703-59773 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r59704 | christian.heimes | 2008-01-04 04:15:05 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 1 line Moved include "Python.h" in front of other imports to silence a warning. ........ r59706 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-01-04 04:22:53 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 10 lines Minor fix-ups to named tuples: * Make the _replace() method respect subclassing. * Using property() to make _fields read-only wasn't a good idea. It caused len(Point._fields) to fail. * Add note to _cast() about length checking and alternative with the star-operator. ........ r59707 | jeffrey.yasskin | 2008-01-04 09:01:23 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 3 lines Make math.{floor,ceil}({int,long}) return float again for backwards compatibility after r59671 made them return integral types. ........ r59709 | christian.heimes | 2008-01-04 14:21:07 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 1 line Bug #1713: posixpath.ismount() claims symlink to a mountpoint is a mountpoint. ........ r59712 | lars.gustaebel | 2008-01-04 15:00:33 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 5 lines Issue #1735: TarFile.extractall() now correctly sets directory permissions and times. (will backport to 2.5) ........ r59714 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-01-04 15:47:17 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 1 line Update links to bug/patch tracker ........ r59716 | christian.heimes | 2008-01-04 16:23:30 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 1 line Added interface to Windows' WSAIoctl and a simple example for a network sniffer. ........ r59717 | christian.heimes | 2008-01-04 16:29:00 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 1 line And here is the rest of Hirokazu Yamamoto's patch for VS6.0 support. Thanks Hiro! ........ r59719 | christian.heimes | 2008-01-04 16:34:06 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 1 line Reverted last transaction. It's the wrong branch. ........ r59721 | christian.heimes | 2008-01-04 16:48:06 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 1 line socket.ioctl is only available on Windows ........ r59722 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-01-04 19:24:41 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 1 line Fix markup ........ r59723 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-01-04 19:25:05 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 1 line Fix markup ........ r59725 | guido.van.rossum | 2008-01-05 01:59:59 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 3 lines Patch #1725 by Mark Dickinson, fixes incorrect conversion of -1e1000 and adds errors for -0x. ........ r59726 | guido.van.rossum | 2008-01-05 02:21:57 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Patch #1698 by Senthil: allow '@' in username when parsed by urlparse.py. ........ r59727 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-01-05 02:35:43 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 1 line Improve namedtuple's _cast() method with a docstring, new name, and error-checking. ........ r59728 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-01-05 03:17:24 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 1 line Add error-checking to namedtuple's _replace() method. ........ r59730 | fred.drake | 2008-01-05 05:38:38 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines clean up a comment ........ r59731 | jeffrey.yasskin | 2008-01-05 09:47:13 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 11 lines Continue rolling back pep-3141 changes that changed behavior from 2.5. This round included: * Revert round to its 2.6 behavior (half away from 0). * Because round, floor, and ceil always return float again, it's no longer necessary to have them delegate to __xxx___, so I've ripped that out of their implementations and the Real ABC. This also helps in implementing types that work in both 2.6 and 3.0: you return int from the __xxx__ methods, and let it get enabled by the version upgrade. * Make pow(-1, .5) raise a ValueError again. ........ r59736 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-01-05 16:13:49 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 1 line Fix comment typo ........ r59738 | thomas.heller | 2008-01-05 18:15:44 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 1 line Add myself. ........ r59739 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-05 18:49:17 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Fix C++-style comment. ........ r59742 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-05 20:28:16 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Remove with_statement future imports from 2.6 docs. ........ r59743 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-05 20:29:45 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Simplify index entries; fix #1712. ........ r59744 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-05 20:44:22 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Doc patch #1730 from Robin Stocker; minor corrections mostly to os.rst. ........ r59749 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-05 21:29:13 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Revert socket.rst to unix-eol. ........ r59750 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-05 21:33:46 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Set native svn:eol-style property for text files. ........ r59752 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-05 21:46:29 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines #1719: capitalization error in "UuidCreate". ........ r59753 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-05 22:02:25 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Repair markup. ........ r59754 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-05 22:10:50 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Use markup. ........ r59757 | christian.heimes | 2008-01-05 22:35:52 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 1 line Final adjustments for #1601 ........ r59758 | guido.van.rossum | 2008-01-05 23:19:06 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 3 lines Patch #1637: fix urlparse for URLs like 'http://x.com?arg=/foo'. Fix by John Nagle. ........ r59759 | guido.van.rossum | 2008-01-05 23:20:01 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Add John Nagle (of issue #1637). ........ r59765 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-01-06 10:02:24 +0100 (Sun, 06 Jan 2008) | 1 line Small code simplification. Forgot that classmethods can be called from intances. ........ r59766 | martin.v.loewis | 2008-01-06 11:09:48 +0100 (Sun, 06 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Use vcbuild for VS 2009. ........ r59767 | martin.v.loewis | 2008-01-06 12:03:43 +0100 (Sun, 06 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Package using VS 2008. ........ r59768 | martin.v.loewis | 2008-01-06 12:13:16 +0100 (Sun, 06 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Don't try to package msvcr90 for the moment. ........ r59769 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-06 15:17:36 +0100 (Sun, 06 Jan 2008) | 4 lines #1696393: don't check for '.' and '..' in ntpath.walk since they aren't returned from os.listdir anymore. Reported by Michael Haggerty. ........ r59770 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-06 15:27:15 +0100 (Sun, 06 Jan 2008) | 3 lines #1742: don't raise exception on os.path.relpath("a", "a"), but return os.curdir. Reported by Jesse Towner. ........ r59771 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-06 15:33:52 +0100 (Sun, 06 Jan 2008) | 2 lines #1591: Clarify docstring of Popen3. ........ r59772 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-06 16:30:34 +0100 (Sun, 06 Jan 2008) | 2 lines #1680: fix context manager example function name. ........ r59773 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-06 16:34:57 +0100 (Sun, 06 Jan 2008) | 2 lines #1755097: document default values for [].sort() and sorted(). ........
2008-01-06 12:59:19 -04:00
The :keyword:`yield` statement is only used when defining a generator function,
and is only used in the body of the generator function. Using a :keyword:`yield`
statement in a function definition is sufficient to cause that definition to
create a generator function instead of a normal function.
Merged revisions 62260-62261,62266,62271,62277-62279,62289-62290,62293-62298,62302-62306,62308,62311,62313-62315,62319-62321 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r62260 | gregory.p.smith | 2008-04-10 01:11:56 +0200 (Thu, 10 Apr 2008) | 2 lines better diagnostics ........ r62261 | gregory.p.smith | 2008-04-10 01:16:37 +0200 (Thu, 10 Apr 2008) | 3 lines Raise SystemError when size < 0 is passed into PyString_FromStringAndSize, PyBytes_FromStringAndSize or PyUnicode_FromStringAndSize. [issue2587] ........ r62266 | neal.norwitz | 2008-04-10 07:46:39 +0200 (Thu, 10 Apr 2008) | 5 lines Remove the test file before writing it in case there is no write permission. This might help fix some of the failures on Windows box(es). It doesn't hurt either way and ensure the tests are a little more self contained (ie have less assumptions). ........ r62271 | gregory.p.smith | 2008-04-10 21:50:36 +0200 (Thu, 10 Apr 2008) | 2 lines get rid of assert (size >= 0) now that an explicit if (size < 0) is in the code. ........ r62277 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-04-10 23:27:10 +0200 (Thu, 10 Apr 2008) | 1 line Remove forward-looking statement ........ r62278 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-04-10 23:28:51 +0200 (Thu, 10 Apr 2008) | 1 line Add punctuation ........ r62279 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-04-10 23:29:01 +0200 (Thu, 10 Apr 2008) | 1 line Use issue directive ........ r62289 | thomas.heller | 2008-04-11 15:05:38 +0200 (Fri, 11 Apr 2008) | 3 lines Move backwards compatibility macro to the correct place; PyIndex_Check() was introduced in Python 2.5. ........ r62290 | thomas.heller | 2008-04-11 16:20:26 +0200 (Fri, 11 Apr 2008) | 2 lines Performance improvements. ........ r62293 | christian.heimes | 2008-04-12 15:03:03 +0200 (Sat, 12 Apr 2008) | 2 lines Applied patch #2617 from Frank Wierzbicki wit some extras from me -J and -X are now reserved for Jython and non-standard arguments (e.g. IronPython). I've added some extra comments to make sure the reservation don't get missed in the future. ........ r62294 | georg.brandl | 2008-04-12 20:11:18 +0200 (Sat, 12 Apr 2008) | 2 lines Use absolute path in sys.path. ........ r62295 | georg.brandl | 2008-04-12 20:36:09 +0200 (Sat, 12 Apr 2008) | 2 lines #2615: small consistency update by Jeroen Ruigrok van der Werven. ........ r62296 | georg.brandl | 2008-04-12 21:00:20 +0200 (Sat, 12 Apr 2008) | 2 lines Add Jeroen. ........ r62297 | georg.brandl | 2008-04-12 21:05:37 +0200 (Sat, 12 Apr 2008) | 2 lines Don't offend snake lovers. ........ r62298 | gregory.p.smith | 2008-04-12 22:37:48 +0200 (Sat, 12 Apr 2008) | 2 lines fix compiler warnings ........ r62302 | gregory.p.smith | 2008-04-13 00:24:04 +0200 (Sun, 13 Apr 2008) | 3 lines socket.error inherits from IOError, it no longer needs listing in the all_errors tuple. ........ r62303 | brett.cannon | 2008-04-13 01:44:07 +0200 (Sun, 13 Apr 2008) | 8 lines Re-implement the 'warnings' module in C. This allows for usage of the 'warnings' code in places where it was previously not possible (e.g., the parser). It could also potentially lead to a speed-up in interpreter start-up if the C version of the code (_warnings) is imported over the use of the Python version in key places. Closes issue #1631171. ........ r62304 | gregory.p.smith | 2008-04-13 02:03:25 +0200 (Sun, 13 Apr 2008) | 3 lines Adds a profile-opt target for easy compilation of a python binary using gcc's profile guided optimization. ........ r62305 | brett.cannon | 2008-04-13 02:18:44 +0200 (Sun, 13 Apr 2008) | 3 lines Fix a bug in PySys_HasWarnOption() where it was not properly checking the length of the list storing the warning options. ........ r62306 | brett.cannon | 2008-04-13 02:25:15 +0200 (Sun, 13 Apr 2008) | 2 lines Fix an accidental bug of an non-existent init function. ........ r62308 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-04-13 03:05:59 +0200 (Sun, 13 Apr 2008) | 1 line Mention -J, -X ........ r62311 | benjamin.peterson | 2008-04-13 04:20:05 +0200 (Sun, 13 Apr 2008) | 2 lines Give the "Interactive Interpreter Changes" section in 2.6 whatsnew a unique link name ........ r62313 | brett.cannon | 2008-04-13 04:42:36 +0200 (Sun, 13 Apr 2008) | 3 lines Fix test_warnings by making the state of things more consistent for each test when it is run. ........ r62314 | skip.montanaro | 2008-04-13 05:17:30 +0200 (Sun, 13 Apr 2008) | 2 lines spelling ........ r62315 | georg.brandl | 2008-04-13 09:07:44 +0200 (Sun, 13 Apr 2008) | 2 lines Fix markup. ........ r62319 | christian.heimes | 2008-04-13 11:30:17 +0200 (Sun, 13 Apr 2008) | 1 line Fix compiler warning Include/warnings.h:19:28: warning: no newline at end of file ........ r62320 | christian.heimes | 2008-04-13 11:33:24 +0200 (Sun, 13 Apr 2008) | 1 line Use PyString_InternFromString instead of PyString_FromString for static vars ........ r62321 | christian.heimes | 2008-04-13 11:37:05 +0200 (Sun, 13 Apr 2008) | 1 line Added new files to the pcbuild files ........
2008-04-13 10:53:33 -03:00
When a generator function is called, it returns an iterator known as a generator
iterator, or more commonly, a generator. The body of the generator function is
executed by calling the :func:`next` function on the generator repeatedly until
it raises an exception.
Merged revisions 62260-62261,62266,62271,62277-62279,62289-62290,62293-62298,62302-62306,62308,62311,62313-62315,62319-62321 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r62260 | gregory.p.smith | 2008-04-10 01:11:56 +0200 (Thu, 10 Apr 2008) | 2 lines better diagnostics ........ r62261 | gregory.p.smith | 2008-04-10 01:16:37 +0200 (Thu, 10 Apr 2008) | 3 lines Raise SystemError when size < 0 is passed into PyString_FromStringAndSize, PyBytes_FromStringAndSize or PyUnicode_FromStringAndSize. [issue2587] ........ r62266 | neal.norwitz | 2008-04-10 07:46:39 +0200 (Thu, 10 Apr 2008) | 5 lines Remove the test file before writing it in case there is no write permission. This might help fix some of the failures on Windows box(es). It doesn't hurt either way and ensure the tests are a little more self contained (ie have less assumptions). ........ r62271 | gregory.p.smith | 2008-04-10 21:50:36 +0200 (Thu, 10 Apr 2008) | 2 lines get rid of assert (size >= 0) now that an explicit if (size < 0) is in the code. ........ r62277 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-04-10 23:27:10 +0200 (Thu, 10 Apr 2008) | 1 line Remove forward-looking statement ........ r62278 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-04-10 23:28:51 +0200 (Thu, 10 Apr 2008) | 1 line Add punctuation ........ r62279 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-04-10 23:29:01 +0200 (Thu, 10 Apr 2008) | 1 line Use issue directive ........ r62289 | thomas.heller | 2008-04-11 15:05:38 +0200 (Fri, 11 Apr 2008) | 3 lines Move backwards compatibility macro to the correct place; PyIndex_Check() was introduced in Python 2.5. ........ r62290 | thomas.heller | 2008-04-11 16:20:26 +0200 (Fri, 11 Apr 2008) | 2 lines Performance improvements. ........ r62293 | christian.heimes | 2008-04-12 15:03:03 +0200 (Sat, 12 Apr 2008) | 2 lines Applied patch #2617 from Frank Wierzbicki wit some extras from me -J and -X are now reserved for Jython and non-standard arguments (e.g. IronPython). I've added some extra comments to make sure the reservation don't get missed in the future. ........ r62294 | georg.brandl | 2008-04-12 20:11:18 +0200 (Sat, 12 Apr 2008) | 2 lines Use absolute path in sys.path. ........ r62295 | georg.brandl | 2008-04-12 20:36:09 +0200 (Sat, 12 Apr 2008) | 2 lines #2615: small consistency update by Jeroen Ruigrok van der Werven. ........ r62296 | georg.brandl | 2008-04-12 21:00:20 +0200 (Sat, 12 Apr 2008) | 2 lines Add Jeroen. ........ r62297 | georg.brandl | 2008-04-12 21:05:37 +0200 (Sat, 12 Apr 2008) | 2 lines Don't offend snake lovers. ........ r62298 | gregory.p.smith | 2008-04-12 22:37:48 +0200 (Sat, 12 Apr 2008) | 2 lines fix compiler warnings ........ r62302 | gregory.p.smith | 2008-04-13 00:24:04 +0200 (Sun, 13 Apr 2008) | 3 lines socket.error inherits from IOError, it no longer needs listing in the all_errors tuple. ........ r62303 | brett.cannon | 2008-04-13 01:44:07 +0200 (Sun, 13 Apr 2008) | 8 lines Re-implement the 'warnings' module in C. This allows for usage of the 'warnings' code in places where it was previously not possible (e.g., the parser). It could also potentially lead to a speed-up in interpreter start-up if the C version of the code (_warnings) is imported over the use of the Python version in key places. Closes issue #1631171. ........ r62304 | gregory.p.smith | 2008-04-13 02:03:25 +0200 (Sun, 13 Apr 2008) | 3 lines Adds a profile-opt target for easy compilation of a python binary using gcc's profile guided optimization. ........ r62305 | brett.cannon | 2008-04-13 02:18:44 +0200 (Sun, 13 Apr 2008) | 3 lines Fix a bug in PySys_HasWarnOption() where it was not properly checking the length of the list storing the warning options. ........ r62306 | brett.cannon | 2008-04-13 02:25:15 +0200 (Sun, 13 Apr 2008) | 2 lines Fix an accidental bug of an non-existent init function. ........ r62308 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-04-13 03:05:59 +0200 (Sun, 13 Apr 2008) | 1 line Mention -J, -X ........ r62311 | benjamin.peterson | 2008-04-13 04:20:05 +0200 (Sun, 13 Apr 2008) | 2 lines Give the "Interactive Interpreter Changes" section in 2.6 whatsnew a unique link name ........ r62313 | brett.cannon | 2008-04-13 04:42:36 +0200 (Sun, 13 Apr 2008) | 3 lines Fix test_warnings by making the state of things more consistent for each test when it is run. ........ r62314 | skip.montanaro | 2008-04-13 05:17:30 +0200 (Sun, 13 Apr 2008) | 2 lines spelling ........ r62315 | georg.brandl | 2008-04-13 09:07:44 +0200 (Sun, 13 Apr 2008) | 2 lines Fix markup. ........ r62319 | christian.heimes | 2008-04-13 11:30:17 +0200 (Sun, 13 Apr 2008) | 1 line Fix compiler warning Include/warnings.h:19:28: warning: no newline at end of file ........ r62320 | christian.heimes | 2008-04-13 11:33:24 +0200 (Sun, 13 Apr 2008) | 1 line Use PyString_InternFromString instead of PyString_FromString for static vars ........ r62321 | christian.heimes | 2008-04-13 11:37:05 +0200 (Sun, 13 Apr 2008) | 1 line Added new files to the pcbuild files ........
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When a :keyword:`yield` statement is executed, the state of the generator is
frozen and the value of :token:`expression_list` is returned to :meth:`next`'s
caller. By "frozen" we mean that all local state is retained, including the
current bindings of local variables, the instruction pointer, and the internal
evaluation stack: enough information is saved so that the next time :func:`next`
Merged revisions 62260-62261,62266,62271,62277-62279,62289-62290,62293-62298,62302-62306,62308,62311,62313-62315,62319-62321 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r62260 | gregory.p.smith | 2008-04-10 01:11:56 +0200 (Thu, 10 Apr 2008) | 2 lines better diagnostics ........ r62261 | gregory.p.smith | 2008-04-10 01:16:37 +0200 (Thu, 10 Apr 2008) | 3 lines Raise SystemError when size < 0 is passed into PyString_FromStringAndSize, PyBytes_FromStringAndSize or PyUnicode_FromStringAndSize. [issue2587] ........ r62266 | neal.norwitz | 2008-04-10 07:46:39 +0200 (Thu, 10 Apr 2008) | 5 lines Remove the test file before writing it in case there is no write permission. This might help fix some of the failures on Windows box(es). It doesn't hurt either way and ensure the tests are a little more self contained (ie have less assumptions). ........ r62271 | gregory.p.smith | 2008-04-10 21:50:36 +0200 (Thu, 10 Apr 2008) | 2 lines get rid of assert (size >= 0) now that an explicit if (size < 0) is in the code. ........ r62277 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-04-10 23:27:10 +0200 (Thu, 10 Apr 2008) | 1 line Remove forward-looking statement ........ r62278 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-04-10 23:28:51 +0200 (Thu, 10 Apr 2008) | 1 line Add punctuation ........ r62279 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-04-10 23:29:01 +0200 (Thu, 10 Apr 2008) | 1 line Use issue directive ........ r62289 | thomas.heller | 2008-04-11 15:05:38 +0200 (Fri, 11 Apr 2008) | 3 lines Move backwards compatibility macro to the correct place; PyIndex_Check() was introduced in Python 2.5. ........ r62290 | thomas.heller | 2008-04-11 16:20:26 +0200 (Fri, 11 Apr 2008) | 2 lines Performance improvements. ........ r62293 | christian.heimes | 2008-04-12 15:03:03 +0200 (Sat, 12 Apr 2008) | 2 lines Applied patch #2617 from Frank Wierzbicki wit some extras from me -J and -X are now reserved for Jython and non-standard arguments (e.g. IronPython). I've added some extra comments to make sure the reservation don't get missed in the future. ........ r62294 | georg.brandl | 2008-04-12 20:11:18 +0200 (Sat, 12 Apr 2008) | 2 lines Use absolute path in sys.path. ........ r62295 | georg.brandl | 2008-04-12 20:36:09 +0200 (Sat, 12 Apr 2008) | 2 lines #2615: small consistency update by Jeroen Ruigrok van der Werven. ........ r62296 | georg.brandl | 2008-04-12 21:00:20 +0200 (Sat, 12 Apr 2008) | 2 lines Add Jeroen. ........ r62297 | georg.brandl | 2008-04-12 21:05:37 +0200 (Sat, 12 Apr 2008) | 2 lines Don't offend snake lovers. ........ r62298 | gregory.p.smith | 2008-04-12 22:37:48 +0200 (Sat, 12 Apr 2008) | 2 lines fix compiler warnings ........ r62302 | gregory.p.smith | 2008-04-13 00:24:04 +0200 (Sun, 13 Apr 2008) | 3 lines socket.error inherits from IOError, it no longer needs listing in the all_errors tuple. ........ r62303 | brett.cannon | 2008-04-13 01:44:07 +0200 (Sun, 13 Apr 2008) | 8 lines Re-implement the 'warnings' module in C. This allows for usage of the 'warnings' code in places where it was previously not possible (e.g., the parser). It could also potentially lead to a speed-up in interpreter start-up if the C version of the code (_warnings) is imported over the use of the Python version in key places. Closes issue #1631171. ........ r62304 | gregory.p.smith | 2008-04-13 02:03:25 +0200 (Sun, 13 Apr 2008) | 3 lines Adds a profile-opt target for easy compilation of a python binary using gcc's profile guided optimization. ........ r62305 | brett.cannon | 2008-04-13 02:18:44 +0200 (Sun, 13 Apr 2008) | 3 lines Fix a bug in PySys_HasWarnOption() where it was not properly checking the length of the list storing the warning options. ........ r62306 | brett.cannon | 2008-04-13 02:25:15 +0200 (Sun, 13 Apr 2008) | 2 lines Fix an accidental bug of an non-existent init function. ........ r62308 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-04-13 03:05:59 +0200 (Sun, 13 Apr 2008) | 1 line Mention -J, -X ........ r62311 | benjamin.peterson | 2008-04-13 04:20:05 +0200 (Sun, 13 Apr 2008) | 2 lines Give the "Interactive Interpreter Changes" section in 2.6 whatsnew a unique link name ........ r62313 | brett.cannon | 2008-04-13 04:42:36 +0200 (Sun, 13 Apr 2008) | 3 lines Fix test_warnings by making the state of things more consistent for each test when it is run. ........ r62314 | skip.montanaro | 2008-04-13 05:17:30 +0200 (Sun, 13 Apr 2008) | 2 lines spelling ........ r62315 | georg.brandl | 2008-04-13 09:07:44 +0200 (Sun, 13 Apr 2008) | 2 lines Fix markup. ........ r62319 | christian.heimes | 2008-04-13 11:30:17 +0200 (Sun, 13 Apr 2008) | 1 line Fix compiler warning Include/warnings.h:19:28: warning: no newline at end of file ........ r62320 | christian.heimes | 2008-04-13 11:33:24 +0200 (Sun, 13 Apr 2008) | 1 line Use PyString_InternFromString instead of PyString_FromString for static vars ........ r62321 | christian.heimes | 2008-04-13 11:37:05 +0200 (Sun, 13 Apr 2008) | 1 line Added new files to the pcbuild files ........
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is invoked, the function can proceed exactly as if the :keyword:`yield`
statement were just another external call.
The :keyword:`yield` statement is allowed in the :keyword:`try` clause of a
:keyword:`try` ... :keyword:`finally` construct. If the generator is not
resumed before it is finalized (by reaching a zero reference count or by being
garbage collected), the generator-iterator's :meth:`close` method will be
called, allowing any pending :keyword:`finally` clauses to execute.
Merged revisions 62260-62261,62266,62271,62277-62279,62289-62290,62293-62298,62302-62306,62308,62311,62313-62315,62319-62321 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r62260 | gregory.p.smith | 2008-04-10 01:11:56 +0200 (Thu, 10 Apr 2008) | 2 lines better diagnostics ........ r62261 | gregory.p.smith | 2008-04-10 01:16:37 +0200 (Thu, 10 Apr 2008) | 3 lines Raise SystemError when size < 0 is passed into PyString_FromStringAndSize, PyBytes_FromStringAndSize or PyUnicode_FromStringAndSize. [issue2587] ........ r62266 | neal.norwitz | 2008-04-10 07:46:39 +0200 (Thu, 10 Apr 2008) | 5 lines Remove the test file before writing it in case there is no write permission. This might help fix some of the failures on Windows box(es). It doesn't hurt either way and ensure the tests are a little more self contained (ie have less assumptions). ........ r62271 | gregory.p.smith | 2008-04-10 21:50:36 +0200 (Thu, 10 Apr 2008) | 2 lines get rid of assert (size >= 0) now that an explicit if (size < 0) is in the code. ........ r62277 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-04-10 23:27:10 +0200 (Thu, 10 Apr 2008) | 1 line Remove forward-looking statement ........ r62278 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-04-10 23:28:51 +0200 (Thu, 10 Apr 2008) | 1 line Add punctuation ........ r62279 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-04-10 23:29:01 +0200 (Thu, 10 Apr 2008) | 1 line Use issue directive ........ r62289 | thomas.heller | 2008-04-11 15:05:38 +0200 (Fri, 11 Apr 2008) | 3 lines Move backwards compatibility macro to the correct place; PyIndex_Check() was introduced in Python 2.5. ........ r62290 | thomas.heller | 2008-04-11 16:20:26 +0200 (Fri, 11 Apr 2008) | 2 lines Performance improvements. ........ r62293 | christian.heimes | 2008-04-12 15:03:03 +0200 (Sat, 12 Apr 2008) | 2 lines Applied patch #2617 from Frank Wierzbicki wit some extras from me -J and -X are now reserved for Jython and non-standard arguments (e.g. IronPython). I've added some extra comments to make sure the reservation don't get missed in the future. ........ r62294 | georg.brandl | 2008-04-12 20:11:18 +0200 (Sat, 12 Apr 2008) | 2 lines Use absolute path in sys.path. ........ r62295 | georg.brandl | 2008-04-12 20:36:09 +0200 (Sat, 12 Apr 2008) | 2 lines #2615: small consistency update by Jeroen Ruigrok van der Werven. ........ r62296 | georg.brandl | 2008-04-12 21:00:20 +0200 (Sat, 12 Apr 2008) | 2 lines Add Jeroen. ........ r62297 | georg.brandl | 2008-04-12 21:05:37 +0200 (Sat, 12 Apr 2008) | 2 lines Don't offend snake lovers. ........ r62298 | gregory.p.smith | 2008-04-12 22:37:48 +0200 (Sat, 12 Apr 2008) | 2 lines fix compiler warnings ........ r62302 | gregory.p.smith | 2008-04-13 00:24:04 +0200 (Sun, 13 Apr 2008) | 3 lines socket.error inherits from IOError, it no longer needs listing in the all_errors tuple. ........ r62303 | brett.cannon | 2008-04-13 01:44:07 +0200 (Sun, 13 Apr 2008) | 8 lines Re-implement the 'warnings' module in C. This allows for usage of the 'warnings' code in places where it was previously not possible (e.g., the parser). It could also potentially lead to a speed-up in interpreter start-up if the C version of the code (_warnings) is imported over the use of the Python version in key places. Closes issue #1631171. ........ r62304 | gregory.p.smith | 2008-04-13 02:03:25 +0200 (Sun, 13 Apr 2008) | 3 lines Adds a profile-opt target for easy compilation of a python binary using gcc's profile guided optimization. ........ r62305 | brett.cannon | 2008-04-13 02:18:44 +0200 (Sun, 13 Apr 2008) | 3 lines Fix a bug in PySys_HasWarnOption() where it was not properly checking the length of the list storing the warning options. ........ r62306 | brett.cannon | 2008-04-13 02:25:15 +0200 (Sun, 13 Apr 2008) | 2 lines Fix an accidental bug of an non-existent init function. ........ r62308 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-04-13 03:05:59 +0200 (Sun, 13 Apr 2008) | 1 line Mention -J, -X ........ r62311 | benjamin.peterson | 2008-04-13 04:20:05 +0200 (Sun, 13 Apr 2008) | 2 lines Give the "Interactive Interpreter Changes" section in 2.6 whatsnew a unique link name ........ r62313 | brett.cannon | 2008-04-13 04:42:36 +0200 (Sun, 13 Apr 2008) | 3 lines Fix test_warnings by making the state of things more consistent for each test when it is run. ........ r62314 | skip.montanaro | 2008-04-13 05:17:30 +0200 (Sun, 13 Apr 2008) | 2 lines spelling ........ r62315 | georg.brandl | 2008-04-13 09:07:44 +0200 (Sun, 13 Apr 2008) | 2 lines Fix markup. ........ r62319 | christian.heimes | 2008-04-13 11:30:17 +0200 (Sun, 13 Apr 2008) | 1 line Fix compiler warning Include/warnings.h:19:28: warning: no newline at end of file ........ r62320 | christian.heimes | 2008-04-13 11:33:24 +0200 (Sun, 13 Apr 2008) | 1 line Use PyString_InternFromString instead of PyString_FromString for static vars ........ r62321 | christian.heimes | 2008-04-13 11:37:05 +0200 (Sun, 13 Apr 2008) | 1 line Added new files to the pcbuild files ........
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.. seealso::
:pep:`0255` - Simple Generators
The proposal for adding generators and the :keyword:`yield` statement to Python.
:pep:`0342` - Coroutines via Enhanced Generators
The proposal that, among other generator enhancements, proposed allowing
:keyword:`yield` to appear inside a :keyword:`try` ... :keyword:`finally` block.
2007-08-15 11:28:22 -03:00
.. _raise:
The :keyword:`raise` statement
==============================
Merged revisions 59703-59773 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r59704 | christian.heimes | 2008-01-04 04:15:05 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 1 line Moved include "Python.h" in front of other imports to silence a warning. ........ r59706 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-01-04 04:22:53 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 10 lines Minor fix-ups to named tuples: * Make the _replace() method respect subclassing. * Using property() to make _fields read-only wasn't a good idea. It caused len(Point._fields) to fail. * Add note to _cast() about length checking and alternative with the star-operator. ........ r59707 | jeffrey.yasskin | 2008-01-04 09:01:23 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 3 lines Make math.{floor,ceil}({int,long}) return float again for backwards compatibility after r59671 made them return integral types. ........ r59709 | christian.heimes | 2008-01-04 14:21:07 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 1 line Bug #1713: posixpath.ismount() claims symlink to a mountpoint is a mountpoint. ........ r59712 | lars.gustaebel | 2008-01-04 15:00:33 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 5 lines Issue #1735: TarFile.extractall() now correctly sets directory permissions and times. (will backport to 2.5) ........ r59714 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-01-04 15:47:17 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 1 line Update links to bug/patch tracker ........ r59716 | christian.heimes | 2008-01-04 16:23:30 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 1 line Added interface to Windows' WSAIoctl and a simple example for a network sniffer. ........ r59717 | christian.heimes | 2008-01-04 16:29:00 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 1 line And here is the rest of Hirokazu Yamamoto's patch for VS6.0 support. Thanks Hiro! ........ r59719 | christian.heimes | 2008-01-04 16:34:06 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 1 line Reverted last transaction. It's the wrong branch. ........ r59721 | christian.heimes | 2008-01-04 16:48:06 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 1 line socket.ioctl is only available on Windows ........ r59722 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-01-04 19:24:41 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 1 line Fix markup ........ r59723 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-01-04 19:25:05 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 1 line Fix markup ........ r59725 | guido.van.rossum | 2008-01-05 01:59:59 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 3 lines Patch #1725 by Mark Dickinson, fixes incorrect conversion of -1e1000 and adds errors for -0x. ........ r59726 | guido.van.rossum | 2008-01-05 02:21:57 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Patch #1698 by Senthil: allow '@' in username when parsed by urlparse.py. ........ r59727 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-01-05 02:35:43 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 1 line Improve namedtuple's _cast() method with a docstring, new name, and error-checking. ........ r59728 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-01-05 03:17:24 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 1 line Add error-checking to namedtuple's _replace() method. ........ r59730 | fred.drake | 2008-01-05 05:38:38 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines clean up a comment ........ r59731 | jeffrey.yasskin | 2008-01-05 09:47:13 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 11 lines Continue rolling back pep-3141 changes that changed behavior from 2.5. This round included: * Revert round to its 2.6 behavior (half away from 0). * Because round, floor, and ceil always return float again, it's no longer necessary to have them delegate to __xxx___, so I've ripped that out of their implementations and the Real ABC. This also helps in implementing types that work in both 2.6 and 3.0: you return int from the __xxx__ methods, and let it get enabled by the version upgrade. * Make pow(-1, .5) raise a ValueError again. ........ r59736 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-01-05 16:13:49 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 1 line Fix comment typo ........ r59738 | thomas.heller | 2008-01-05 18:15:44 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 1 line Add myself. ........ r59739 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-05 18:49:17 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Fix C++-style comment. ........ r59742 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-05 20:28:16 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Remove with_statement future imports from 2.6 docs. ........ r59743 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-05 20:29:45 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Simplify index entries; fix #1712. ........ r59744 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-05 20:44:22 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Doc patch #1730 from Robin Stocker; minor corrections mostly to os.rst. ........ r59749 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-05 21:29:13 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Revert socket.rst to unix-eol. ........ r59750 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-05 21:33:46 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Set native svn:eol-style property for text files. ........ r59752 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-05 21:46:29 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines #1719: capitalization error in "UuidCreate". ........ r59753 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-05 22:02:25 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Repair markup. ........ r59754 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-05 22:10:50 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Use markup. ........ r59757 | christian.heimes | 2008-01-05 22:35:52 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 1 line Final adjustments for #1601 ........ r59758 | guido.van.rossum | 2008-01-05 23:19:06 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 3 lines Patch #1637: fix urlparse for URLs like 'http://x.com?arg=/foo'. Fix by John Nagle. ........ r59759 | guido.van.rossum | 2008-01-05 23:20:01 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Add John Nagle (of issue #1637). ........ r59765 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-01-06 10:02:24 +0100 (Sun, 06 Jan 2008) | 1 line Small code simplification. Forgot that classmethods can be called from intances. ........ r59766 | martin.v.loewis | 2008-01-06 11:09:48 +0100 (Sun, 06 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Use vcbuild for VS 2009. ........ r59767 | martin.v.loewis | 2008-01-06 12:03:43 +0100 (Sun, 06 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Package using VS 2008. ........ r59768 | martin.v.loewis | 2008-01-06 12:13:16 +0100 (Sun, 06 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Don't try to package msvcr90 for the moment. ........ r59769 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-06 15:17:36 +0100 (Sun, 06 Jan 2008) | 4 lines #1696393: don't check for '.' and '..' in ntpath.walk since they aren't returned from os.listdir anymore. Reported by Michael Haggerty. ........ r59770 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-06 15:27:15 +0100 (Sun, 06 Jan 2008) | 3 lines #1742: don't raise exception on os.path.relpath("a", "a"), but return os.curdir. Reported by Jesse Towner. ........ r59771 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-06 15:33:52 +0100 (Sun, 06 Jan 2008) | 2 lines #1591: Clarify docstring of Popen3. ........ r59772 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-06 16:30:34 +0100 (Sun, 06 Jan 2008) | 2 lines #1680: fix context manager example function name. ........ r59773 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-06 16:34:57 +0100 (Sun, 06 Jan 2008) | 2 lines #1755097: document default values for [].sort() and sorted(). ........
2008-01-06 12:59:19 -04:00
.. index::
statement: raise
single: exception
pair: raising; exception
2008-07-19 12:51:07 -03:00
single: __traceback__ (exception attribute)
2007-08-15 11:28:22 -03:00
.. productionlist::
raise_stmt: "raise" [`expression` ["from" `expression`]]
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If no expressions are present, :keyword:`raise` re-raises the last exception
that was active in the current scope. If no exception is active in the current
scope, a :exc:`TypeError` exception is raised indicating that this is an error
(if running under IDLE, a :exc:`queue.Empty` exception is raised instead).
2007-08-15 11:28:22 -03:00
Otherwise, :keyword:`raise` evaluates the first expression as the exception
object. It must be either a subclass or an instance of :class:`BaseException`.
If it is a class, the exception instance will be obtained when needed by
instantiating the class with no arguments.
2007-08-15 11:28:22 -03:00
The :dfn:`type` of the exception is the exception instance's class, the
:dfn:`value` is the instance itself.
2007-08-15 11:28:22 -03:00
.. index:: object: traceback
A traceback object is normally created automatically when an exception is raised
and attached to it as the :attr:`__traceback__` attribute, which is writable.
You can create an exception and set your own traceback in one step using the
:meth:`with_traceback` exception method (which returns the same exception
instance, with its traceback set to its argument), like so::
raise Exception("foo occurred").with_traceback(tracebackobj)
2008-07-19 12:51:07 -03:00
.. index:: pair: exception; chaining
__cause__ (exception attribute)
__context__ (exception attribute)
2009-01-03 17:18:54 -04:00
2008-07-19 12:51:07 -03:00
The ``from`` clause is used for exception chaining: if given, the second
*expression* must be another exception class or instance, which will then be
attached to the raised exception as the :attr:`__cause__` attribute (which is
writable). If the raised exception is not handled, both exceptions will be
printed::
>>> try:
... print(1 / 0)
... except Exception as exc:
... raise RuntimeError("Something bad happened") from exc
...
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 2, in <module>
ZeroDivisionError: int division or modulo by zero
The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 4, in <module>
RuntimeError: Something bad happened
A similar mechanism works implicitly if an exception is raised inside an
exception handler: the previous exception is then attached as the new
exception's :attr:`__context__` attribute::
>>> try:
... print(1 / 0)
... except:
... raise RuntimeError("Something bad happened")
...
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 2, in <module>
ZeroDivisionError: int division or modulo by zero
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 4, in <module>
RuntimeError: Something bad happened
2007-08-15 11:28:22 -03:00
Additional information on exceptions can be found in section :ref:`exceptions`,
and information about handling exceptions is in section :ref:`try`.
.. _break:
The :keyword:`break` statement
==============================
Merged revisions 59703-59773 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r59704 | christian.heimes | 2008-01-04 04:15:05 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 1 line Moved include "Python.h" in front of other imports to silence a warning. ........ r59706 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-01-04 04:22:53 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 10 lines Minor fix-ups to named tuples: * Make the _replace() method respect subclassing. * Using property() to make _fields read-only wasn't a good idea. It caused len(Point._fields) to fail. * Add note to _cast() about length checking and alternative with the star-operator. ........ r59707 | jeffrey.yasskin | 2008-01-04 09:01:23 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 3 lines Make math.{floor,ceil}({int,long}) return float again for backwards compatibility after r59671 made them return integral types. ........ r59709 | christian.heimes | 2008-01-04 14:21:07 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 1 line Bug #1713: posixpath.ismount() claims symlink to a mountpoint is a mountpoint. ........ r59712 | lars.gustaebel | 2008-01-04 15:00:33 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 5 lines Issue #1735: TarFile.extractall() now correctly sets directory permissions and times. (will backport to 2.5) ........ r59714 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-01-04 15:47:17 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 1 line Update links to bug/patch tracker ........ r59716 | christian.heimes | 2008-01-04 16:23:30 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 1 line Added interface to Windows' WSAIoctl and a simple example for a network sniffer. ........ r59717 | christian.heimes | 2008-01-04 16:29:00 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 1 line And here is the rest of Hirokazu Yamamoto's patch for VS6.0 support. Thanks Hiro! ........ r59719 | christian.heimes | 2008-01-04 16:34:06 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 1 line Reverted last transaction. It's the wrong branch. ........ r59721 | christian.heimes | 2008-01-04 16:48:06 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 1 line socket.ioctl is only available on Windows ........ r59722 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-01-04 19:24:41 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 1 line Fix markup ........ r59723 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-01-04 19:25:05 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 1 line Fix markup ........ r59725 | guido.van.rossum | 2008-01-05 01:59:59 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 3 lines Patch #1725 by Mark Dickinson, fixes incorrect conversion of -1e1000 and adds errors for -0x. ........ r59726 | guido.van.rossum | 2008-01-05 02:21:57 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Patch #1698 by Senthil: allow '@' in username when parsed by urlparse.py. ........ r59727 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-01-05 02:35:43 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 1 line Improve namedtuple's _cast() method with a docstring, new name, and error-checking. ........ r59728 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-01-05 03:17:24 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 1 line Add error-checking to namedtuple's _replace() method. ........ r59730 | fred.drake | 2008-01-05 05:38:38 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines clean up a comment ........ r59731 | jeffrey.yasskin | 2008-01-05 09:47:13 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 11 lines Continue rolling back pep-3141 changes that changed behavior from 2.5. This round included: * Revert round to its 2.6 behavior (half away from 0). * Because round, floor, and ceil always return float again, it's no longer necessary to have them delegate to __xxx___, so I've ripped that out of their implementations and the Real ABC. This also helps in implementing types that work in both 2.6 and 3.0: you return int from the __xxx__ methods, and let it get enabled by the version upgrade. * Make pow(-1, .5) raise a ValueError again. ........ r59736 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-01-05 16:13:49 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 1 line Fix comment typo ........ r59738 | thomas.heller | 2008-01-05 18:15:44 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 1 line Add myself. ........ r59739 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-05 18:49:17 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Fix C++-style comment. ........ r59742 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-05 20:28:16 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Remove with_statement future imports from 2.6 docs. ........ r59743 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-05 20:29:45 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Simplify index entries; fix #1712. ........ r59744 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-05 20:44:22 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Doc patch #1730 from Robin Stocker; minor corrections mostly to os.rst. ........ r59749 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-05 21:29:13 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Revert socket.rst to unix-eol. ........ r59750 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-05 21:33:46 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Set native svn:eol-style property for text files. ........ r59752 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-05 21:46:29 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines #1719: capitalization error in "UuidCreate". ........ r59753 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-05 22:02:25 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Repair markup. ........ r59754 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-05 22:10:50 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Use markup. ........ r59757 | christian.heimes | 2008-01-05 22:35:52 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 1 line Final adjustments for #1601 ........ r59758 | guido.van.rossum | 2008-01-05 23:19:06 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 3 lines Patch #1637: fix urlparse for URLs like 'http://x.com?arg=/foo'. Fix by John Nagle. ........ r59759 | guido.van.rossum | 2008-01-05 23:20:01 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Add John Nagle (of issue #1637). ........ r59765 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-01-06 10:02:24 +0100 (Sun, 06 Jan 2008) | 1 line Small code simplification. Forgot that classmethods can be called from intances. ........ r59766 | martin.v.loewis | 2008-01-06 11:09:48 +0100 (Sun, 06 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Use vcbuild for VS 2009. ........ r59767 | martin.v.loewis | 2008-01-06 12:03:43 +0100 (Sun, 06 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Package using VS 2008. ........ r59768 | martin.v.loewis | 2008-01-06 12:13:16 +0100 (Sun, 06 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Don't try to package msvcr90 for the moment. ........ r59769 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-06 15:17:36 +0100 (Sun, 06 Jan 2008) | 4 lines #1696393: don't check for '.' and '..' in ntpath.walk since they aren't returned from os.listdir anymore. Reported by Michael Haggerty. ........ r59770 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-06 15:27:15 +0100 (Sun, 06 Jan 2008) | 3 lines #1742: don't raise exception on os.path.relpath("a", "a"), but return os.curdir. Reported by Jesse Towner. ........ r59771 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-06 15:33:52 +0100 (Sun, 06 Jan 2008) | 2 lines #1591: Clarify docstring of Popen3. ........ r59772 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-06 16:30:34 +0100 (Sun, 06 Jan 2008) | 2 lines #1680: fix context manager example function name. ........ r59773 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-06 16:34:57 +0100 (Sun, 06 Jan 2008) | 2 lines #1755097: document default values for [].sort() and sorted(). ........
2008-01-06 12:59:19 -04:00
.. index::
statement: break
statement: for
statement: while
pair: loop; statement
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.. productionlist::
break_stmt: "break"
:keyword:`break` may only occur syntactically nested in a :keyword:`for` or
:keyword:`while` loop, but not nested in a function or class definition within
that loop.
.. index:: keyword: else
pair: loop control; target
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It terminates the nearest enclosing loop, skipping the optional :keyword:`else`
clause if the loop has one.
If a :keyword:`for` loop is terminated by :keyword:`break`, the loop control
target keeps its current value.
.. index:: keyword: finally
When :keyword:`break` passes control out of a :keyword:`try` statement with a
:keyword:`finally` clause, that :keyword:`finally` clause is executed before
really leaving the loop.
.. _continue:
The :keyword:`continue` statement
=================================
Merged revisions 59703-59773 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r59704 | christian.heimes | 2008-01-04 04:15:05 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 1 line Moved include "Python.h" in front of other imports to silence a warning. ........ r59706 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-01-04 04:22:53 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 10 lines Minor fix-ups to named tuples: * Make the _replace() method respect subclassing. * Using property() to make _fields read-only wasn't a good idea. It caused len(Point._fields) to fail. * Add note to _cast() about length checking and alternative with the star-operator. ........ r59707 | jeffrey.yasskin | 2008-01-04 09:01:23 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 3 lines Make math.{floor,ceil}({int,long}) return float again for backwards compatibility after r59671 made them return integral types. ........ r59709 | christian.heimes | 2008-01-04 14:21:07 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 1 line Bug #1713: posixpath.ismount() claims symlink to a mountpoint is a mountpoint. ........ r59712 | lars.gustaebel | 2008-01-04 15:00:33 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 5 lines Issue #1735: TarFile.extractall() now correctly sets directory permissions and times. (will backport to 2.5) ........ r59714 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-01-04 15:47:17 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 1 line Update links to bug/patch tracker ........ r59716 | christian.heimes | 2008-01-04 16:23:30 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 1 line Added interface to Windows' WSAIoctl and a simple example for a network sniffer. ........ r59717 | christian.heimes | 2008-01-04 16:29:00 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 1 line And here is the rest of Hirokazu Yamamoto's patch for VS6.0 support. Thanks Hiro! ........ r59719 | christian.heimes | 2008-01-04 16:34:06 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 1 line Reverted last transaction. It's the wrong branch. ........ r59721 | christian.heimes | 2008-01-04 16:48:06 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 1 line socket.ioctl is only available on Windows ........ r59722 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-01-04 19:24:41 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 1 line Fix markup ........ r59723 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-01-04 19:25:05 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 1 line Fix markup ........ r59725 | guido.van.rossum | 2008-01-05 01:59:59 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 3 lines Patch #1725 by Mark Dickinson, fixes incorrect conversion of -1e1000 and adds errors for -0x. ........ r59726 | guido.van.rossum | 2008-01-05 02:21:57 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Patch #1698 by Senthil: allow '@' in username when parsed by urlparse.py. ........ r59727 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-01-05 02:35:43 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 1 line Improve namedtuple's _cast() method with a docstring, new name, and error-checking. ........ r59728 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-01-05 03:17:24 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 1 line Add error-checking to namedtuple's _replace() method. ........ r59730 | fred.drake | 2008-01-05 05:38:38 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines clean up a comment ........ r59731 | jeffrey.yasskin | 2008-01-05 09:47:13 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 11 lines Continue rolling back pep-3141 changes that changed behavior from 2.5. This round included: * Revert round to its 2.6 behavior (half away from 0). * Because round, floor, and ceil always return float again, it's no longer necessary to have them delegate to __xxx___, so I've ripped that out of their implementations and the Real ABC. This also helps in implementing types that work in both 2.6 and 3.0: you return int from the __xxx__ methods, and let it get enabled by the version upgrade. * Make pow(-1, .5) raise a ValueError again. ........ r59736 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-01-05 16:13:49 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 1 line Fix comment typo ........ r59738 | thomas.heller | 2008-01-05 18:15:44 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 1 line Add myself. ........ r59739 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-05 18:49:17 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Fix C++-style comment. ........ r59742 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-05 20:28:16 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Remove with_statement future imports from 2.6 docs. ........ r59743 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-05 20:29:45 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Simplify index entries; fix #1712. ........ r59744 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-05 20:44:22 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Doc patch #1730 from Robin Stocker; minor corrections mostly to os.rst. ........ r59749 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-05 21:29:13 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Revert socket.rst to unix-eol. ........ r59750 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-05 21:33:46 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Set native svn:eol-style property for text files. ........ r59752 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-05 21:46:29 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines #1719: capitalization error in "UuidCreate". ........ r59753 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-05 22:02:25 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Repair markup. ........ r59754 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-05 22:10:50 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Use markup. ........ r59757 | christian.heimes | 2008-01-05 22:35:52 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 1 line Final adjustments for #1601 ........ r59758 | guido.van.rossum | 2008-01-05 23:19:06 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 3 lines Patch #1637: fix urlparse for URLs like 'http://x.com?arg=/foo'. Fix by John Nagle. ........ r59759 | guido.van.rossum | 2008-01-05 23:20:01 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Add John Nagle (of issue #1637). ........ r59765 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-01-06 10:02:24 +0100 (Sun, 06 Jan 2008) | 1 line Small code simplification. Forgot that classmethods can be called from intances. ........ r59766 | martin.v.loewis | 2008-01-06 11:09:48 +0100 (Sun, 06 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Use vcbuild for VS 2009. ........ r59767 | martin.v.loewis | 2008-01-06 12:03:43 +0100 (Sun, 06 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Package using VS 2008. ........ r59768 | martin.v.loewis | 2008-01-06 12:13:16 +0100 (Sun, 06 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Don't try to package msvcr90 for the moment. ........ r59769 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-06 15:17:36 +0100 (Sun, 06 Jan 2008) | 4 lines #1696393: don't check for '.' and '..' in ntpath.walk since they aren't returned from os.listdir anymore. Reported by Michael Haggerty. ........ r59770 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-06 15:27:15 +0100 (Sun, 06 Jan 2008) | 3 lines #1742: don't raise exception on os.path.relpath("a", "a"), but return os.curdir. Reported by Jesse Towner. ........ r59771 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-06 15:33:52 +0100 (Sun, 06 Jan 2008) | 2 lines #1591: Clarify docstring of Popen3. ........ r59772 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-06 16:30:34 +0100 (Sun, 06 Jan 2008) | 2 lines #1680: fix context manager example function name. ........ r59773 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-06 16:34:57 +0100 (Sun, 06 Jan 2008) | 2 lines #1755097: document default values for [].sort() and sorted(). ........
2008-01-06 12:59:19 -04:00
.. index::
statement: continue
statement: for
statement: while
pair: loop; statement
keyword: finally
2007-08-15 11:28:22 -03:00
.. productionlist::
continue_stmt: "continue"
:keyword:`continue` may only occur syntactically nested in a :keyword:`for` or
:keyword:`while` loop, but not nested in a function or class definition or
Merged revisions 61239-61249,61252-61257,61260-61264,61269-61275,61278-61279,61285-61286,61288-61290,61298,61303-61305,61312-61314,61317,61329,61332,61344,61350-61351,61363-61376,61378-61379,61382-61383,61387-61388,61392,61395-61396,61402-61403 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r61239 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-03-05 01:44:41 +0100 (Wed, 05 Mar 2008) | 1 line Add more items; add fragmentary notes ........ r61240 | amaury.forgeotdarc | 2008-03-05 02:50:33 +0100 (Wed, 05 Mar 2008) | 13 lines Issue#2238: some syntax errors from *args or **kwargs expressions would give bogus error messages, because of untested exceptions:: >>> f(**g(1=2)) XXX undetected error Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable instead of the expected SyntaxError: keyword can't be an expression Will backport. ........ r61241 | neal.norwitz | 2008-03-05 06:10:48 +0100 (Wed, 05 Mar 2008) | 3 lines Remove the files/dirs after closing the DB so the tests work on Windows. Patch from Trent Nelson. Also simplified removing a file by using test_support. ........ r61242 | neal.norwitz | 2008-03-05 06:14:18 +0100 (Wed, 05 Mar 2008) | 3 lines Get this test to pass even when there is no sound card in the system. Patch from Trent Nelson. (I can't test this.) ........ r61243 | neal.norwitz | 2008-03-05 06:20:44 +0100 (Wed, 05 Mar 2008) | 3 lines Catch OSError when trying to remove a file in case removal fails. This should prevent a failure in tearDown masking any real test failure. ........ r61244 | neal.norwitz | 2008-03-05 06:38:06 +0100 (Wed, 05 Mar 2008) | 5 lines Make the timeout longer to give slow machines a chance to pass the test before timing out. This doesn't change the duration of the test under normal circumstances. This is targetted at fixing the spurious failures on the FreeBSD buildbot primarily. ........ r61245 | neal.norwitz | 2008-03-05 06:49:03 +0100 (Wed, 05 Mar 2008) | 1 line Tabs -> spaces ........ r61246 | neal.norwitz | 2008-03-05 06:50:20 +0100 (Wed, 05 Mar 2008) | 1 line Use -u urlfetch to run more tests ........ r61247 | neal.norwitz | 2008-03-05 06:51:20 +0100 (Wed, 05 Mar 2008) | 1 line test_smtplib sometimes reports leaks too, suppress it ........ r61248 | jeffrey.yasskin | 2008-03-05 07:19:56 +0100 (Wed, 05 Mar 2008) | 5 lines Fix test_socketserver on Windows after r61099 added several signal.alarm() calls (which don't exist on non-Unix platforms). Thanks to Trent Nelson for the report and patch. ........ r61249 | georg.brandl | 2008-03-05 08:10:35 +0100 (Wed, 05 Mar 2008) | 2 lines Fix some rst. ........ r61252 | thomas.heller | 2008-03-05 15:53:39 +0100 (Wed, 05 Mar 2008) | 2 lines News entry for yesterdays commit. ........ r61253 | thomas.heller | 2008-03-05 16:34:29 +0100 (Wed, 05 Mar 2008) | 3 lines Issue 1872: Changed the struct module typecode from 't' to '?', for compatibility with PEP3118. ........ r61254 | skip.montanaro | 2008-03-05 17:41:09 +0100 (Wed, 05 Mar 2008) | 4 lines Elaborate on the role of the altinstall target when installing multiple versions. ........ r61255 | georg.brandl | 2008-03-05 20:31:44 +0100 (Wed, 05 Mar 2008) | 2 lines #2239: PYTHONPATH delimiter is os.pathsep. ........ r61256 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-03-05 21:59:58 +0100 (Wed, 05 Mar 2008) | 1 line C implementation of itertools.permutations(). ........ r61257 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-03-05 22:04:32 +0100 (Wed, 05 Mar 2008) | 1 line Small code cleanup. ........ r61260 | martin.v.loewis | 2008-03-05 23:24:31 +0100 (Wed, 05 Mar 2008) | 2 lines cd PCbuild only after deleting all pyc files. ........ r61261 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-03-06 02:15:52 +0100 (Thu, 06 Mar 2008) | 1 line Add examples. ........ r61262 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-03-06 02:36:27 +0100 (Thu, 06 Mar 2008) | 1 line Add two items ........ r61263 | georg.brandl | 2008-03-06 07:47:18 +0100 (Thu, 06 Mar 2008) | 2 lines #1725737: ignore other VC directories other than CVS and SVN's too. ........ r61264 | martin.v.loewis | 2008-03-06 07:55:22 +0100 (Thu, 06 Mar 2008) | 4 lines Patch #2232: os.tmpfile might fail on Windows if the user has no permission to create files in the root directory. Will backport to 2.5. ........ r61269 | georg.brandl | 2008-03-06 08:19:15 +0100 (Thu, 06 Mar 2008) | 2 lines Expand on re.split behavior with captured expressions. ........ r61270 | georg.brandl | 2008-03-06 08:22:09 +0100 (Thu, 06 Mar 2008) | 2 lines Little clarification of assignments. ........ r61271 | georg.brandl | 2008-03-06 08:31:34 +0100 (Thu, 06 Mar 2008) | 2 lines Add isinstance/issubclass to tutorial. ........ r61272 | georg.brandl | 2008-03-06 08:34:52 +0100 (Thu, 06 Mar 2008) | 2 lines Add missing NEWS entry for r61263. ........ r61273 | georg.brandl | 2008-03-06 08:41:16 +0100 (Thu, 06 Mar 2008) | 2 lines #2225: return nonzero status code from py_compile if not all files could be compiled. ........ r61274 | georg.brandl | 2008-03-06 08:43:02 +0100 (Thu, 06 Mar 2008) | 2 lines #2220: handle matching failure more gracefully. ........ r61275 | georg.brandl | 2008-03-06 08:45:52 +0100 (Thu, 06 Mar 2008) | 2 lines Bug #2220: handle rlcompleter attribute match failure more gracefully. ........ r61278 | martin.v.loewis | 2008-03-06 14:49:47 +0100 (Thu, 06 Mar 2008) | 1 line Rely on x64 platform configuration when building _bsddb on AMD64. ........ r61279 | martin.v.loewis | 2008-03-06 14:50:28 +0100 (Thu, 06 Mar 2008) | 1 line Update db-4.4.20 build procedure. ........ r61285 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-03-06 21:52:01 +0100 (Thu, 06 Mar 2008) | 1 line More tests. ........ r61286 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-03-06 23:51:36 +0100 (Thu, 06 Mar 2008) | 1 line Issue 2246: itertools grouper object did not participate in GC (should be backported). ........ r61288 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-03-07 02:33:20 +0100 (Fri, 07 Mar 2008) | 1 line Tweak recipes and tests ........ r61289 | jeffrey.yasskin | 2008-03-07 07:22:15 +0100 (Fri, 07 Mar 2008) | 5 lines Progress on issue #1193577 by adding a polling .shutdown() method to SocketServers. The core of the patch was written by Pedro Werneck, but any bugs are mine. I've also rearranged the code for timeouts in order to avoid interfering with the shutdown poll. ........ r61290 | nick.coghlan | 2008-03-07 15:13:28 +0100 (Fri, 07 Mar 2008) | 1 line Speed up with statements by storing the __exit__ method on the stack instead of in a temp variable (bumps the magic number for pyc files) ........ r61298 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-03-07 22:09:23 +0100 (Fri, 07 Mar 2008) | 1 line Grammar fix ........ r61303 | georg.brandl | 2008-03-08 10:54:06 +0100 (Sat, 08 Mar 2008) | 2 lines #2253: fix continue vs. finally docs. ........ r61304 | marc-andre.lemburg | 2008-03-08 11:01:43 +0100 (Sat, 08 Mar 2008) | 3 lines Add new name for Mandrake: Mandriva. ........ r61305 | georg.brandl | 2008-03-08 11:05:24 +0100 (Sat, 08 Mar 2008) | 2 lines #1533486: fix types in refcount intro. ........ r61312 | facundo.batista | 2008-03-08 17:50:27 +0100 (Sat, 08 Mar 2008) | 5 lines Issue 1106316. post_mortem()'s parameter, traceback, is now optional: it defaults to the traceback of the exception that is currently being handled. ........ r61313 | jeffrey.yasskin | 2008-03-08 19:26:54 +0100 (Sat, 08 Mar 2008) | 2 lines Add tests for with and finally performance to pybench. ........ r61314 | jeffrey.yasskin | 2008-03-08 21:08:21 +0100 (Sat, 08 Mar 2008) | 2 lines Fix pybench for pythons < 2.6, tested back to 2.3. ........ r61317 | jeffrey.yasskin | 2008-03-08 22:35:15 +0100 (Sat, 08 Mar 2008) | 3 lines Well that was dumb. platform.python_implementation returns a function, not a string. ........ r61329 | georg.brandl | 2008-03-09 16:11:39 +0100 (Sun, 09 Mar 2008) | 2 lines #2249: document assertTrue and assertFalse. ........ r61332 | neal.norwitz | 2008-03-09 20:03:42 +0100 (Sun, 09 Mar 2008) | 4 lines Introduce a lock to fix a race condition which caused an exception in the test. Some buildbots were consistently failing (e.g., amd64). Also remove a couple of semi-colons. ........ r61344 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-03-11 01:19:07 +0100 (Tue, 11 Mar 2008) | 1 line Add recipe to docs. ........ r61350 | guido.van.rossum | 2008-03-11 22:18:06 +0100 (Tue, 11 Mar 2008) | 3 lines Fix the overflows in expandtabs(). "This time for sure!" (Exploit at request.) ........ r61351 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-03-11 22:37:46 +0100 (Tue, 11 Mar 2008) | 1 line Improve docs for itemgetter(). Show that it works with slices. ........ r61363 | georg.brandl | 2008-03-13 08:15:56 +0100 (Thu, 13 Mar 2008) | 2 lines #2265: fix example. ........ r61364 | georg.brandl | 2008-03-13 08:17:14 +0100 (Thu, 13 Mar 2008) | 2 lines #2270: fix typo. ........ r61365 | georg.brandl | 2008-03-13 08:21:41 +0100 (Thu, 13 Mar 2008) | 2 lines #1720705: add docs about import/threading interaction, wording by Nick. ........ r61366 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-03-13 12:07:35 +0100 (Thu, 13 Mar 2008) | 1 line Add class decorators ........ r61367 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-03-13 17:43:17 +0100 (Thu, 13 Mar 2008) | 1 line Add 2-to-3 support for the itertools moved to builtins or renamed. ........ r61368 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-03-13 17:43:59 +0100 (Thu, 13 Mar 2008) | 1 line Consistent tense. ........ r61369 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-03-13 20:03:51 +0100 (Thu, 13 Mar 2008) | 1 line Issue 2274: Add heapq.heappushpop(). ........ r61370 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-03-13 20:33:34 +0100 (Thu, 13 Mar 2008) | 1 line Simplify the nlargest() code using heappushpop(). ........ r61371 | brett.cannon | 2008-03-13 21:27:00 +0100 (Thu, 13 Mar 2008) | 4 lines Move test_thread over to unittest. Commits GHOP 237. Thanks Benjamin Peterson for the patch. ........ r61372 | brett.cannon | 2008-03-13 21:33:10 +0100 (Thu, 13 Mar 2008) | 4 lines Move test_tokenize to doctest. Done as GHOP 238 by Josip Dzolonga. ........ r61373 | brett.cannon | 2008-03-13 21:47:41 +0100 (Thu, 13 Mar 2008) | 4 lines Convert test_contains, test_crypt, and test_select to unittest. Patch from GHOP 294 by David Marek. ........ r61374 | brett.cannon | 2008-03-13 22:02:16 +0100 (Thu, 13 Mar 2008) | 4 lines Move test_gdbm to use unittest. Closes issue #1960. Thanks Giampaolo Rodola. ........ r61375 | brett.cannon | 2008-03-13 22:09:28 +0100 (Thu, 13 Mar 2008) | 4 lines Convert test_fcntl to unittest. Closes issue #2055. Thanks Giampaolo Rodola. ........ r61376 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-03-14 06:03:44 +0100 (Fri, 14 Mar 2008) | 1 line Leave heapreplace() unchanged. ........ r61378 | martin.v.loewis | 2008-03-14 14:56:09 +0100 (Fri, 14 Mar 2008) | 2 lines Patch #2284: add -x64 option to rt.bat. ........ r61379 | martin.v.loewis | 2008-03-14 14:57:59 +0100 (Fri, 14 Mar 2008) | 2 lines Use -x64 flag. ........ r61382 | brett.cannon | 2008-03-14 15:03:10 +0100 (Fri, 14 Mar 2008) | 2 lines Remove a bad test. ........ r61383 | mark.dickinson | 2008-03-14 15:23:37 +0100 (Fri, 14 Mar 2008) | 9 lines Issue 705836: Fix struct.pack(">f", 1e40) to behave consistently across platforms: it should now raise OverflowError on all platforms. (Previously it raised OverflowError only on non IEEE 754 platforms.) Also fix the (already existing) test for this behaviour so that it actually raises TestFailed instead of just referencing it. ........ r61387 | thomas.heller | 2008-03-14 22:06:21 +0100 (Fri, 14 Mar 2008) | 1 line Remove unneeded initializer. ........ r61388 | martin.v.loewis | 2008-03-14 22:19:28 +0100 (Fri, 14 Mar 2008) | 2 lines Run debug version, cd to PCbuild. ........ r61392 | georg.brandl | 2008-03-15 00:10:34 +0100 (Sat, 15 Mar 2008) | 2 lines Remove obsolete paragraph. #2288. ........ r61395 | georg.brandl | 2008-03-15 01:20:19 +0100 (Sat, 15 Mar 2008) | 2 lines Fix lots of broken links in the docs, found by Sphinx' external link checker. ........ r61396 | skip.montanaro | 2008-03-15 03:32:49 +0100 (Sat, 15 Mar 2008) | 1 line note that fork and forkpty raise OSError on failure ........ r61402 | skip.montanaro | 2008-03-15 17:04:45 +0100 (Sat, 15 Mar 2008) | 1 line add %f format to datetime - issue 1158 ........ r61403 | skip.montanaro | 2008-03-15 17:07:11 +0100 (Sat, 15 Mar 2008) | 2 lines . ........
2008-03-15 21:07:10 -03:00
:keyword:`finally` clause within that loop. It continues with the next
2007-08-15 11:28:22 -03:00
cycle of the nearest enclosing loop.
Merged revisions 61239-61249,61252-61257,61260-61264,61269-61275,61278-61279,61285-61286,61288-61290,61298,61303-61305,61312-61314,61317,61329,61332,61344,61350-61351,61363-61376,61378-61379,61382-61383,61387-61388,61392,61395-61396,61402-61403 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r61239 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-03-05 01:44:41 +0100 (Wed, 05 Mar 2008) | 1 line Add more items; add fragmentary notes ........ r61240 | amaury.forgeotdarc | 2008-03-05 02:50:33 +0100 (Wed, 05 Mar 2008) | 13 lines Issue#2238: some syntax errors from *args or **kwargs expressions would give bogus error messages, because of untested exceptions:: >>> f(**g(1=2)) XXX undetected error Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable instead of the expected SyntaxError: keyword can't be an expression Will backport. ........ r61241 | neal.norwitz | 2008-03-05 06:10:48 +0100 (Wed, 05 Mar 2008) | 3 lines Remove the files/dirs after closing the DB so the tests work on Windows. Patch from Trent Nelson. Also simplified removing a file by using test_support. ........ r61242 | neal.norwitz | 2008-03-05 06:14:18 +0100 (Wed, 05 Mar 2008) | 3 lines Get this test to pass even when there is no sound card in the system. Patch from Trent Nelson. (I can't test this.) ........ r61243 | neal.norwitz | 2008-03-05 06:20:44 +0100 (Wed, 05 Mar 2008) | 3 lines Catch OSError when trying to remove a file in case removal fails. This should prevent a failure in tearDown masking any real test failure. ........ r61244 | neal.norwitz | 2008-03-05 06:38:06 +0100 (Wed, 05 Mar 2008) | 5 lines Make the timeout longer to give slow machines a chance to pass the test before timing out. This doesn't change the duration of the test under normal circumstances. This is targetted at fixing the spurious failures on the FreeBSD buildbot primarily. ........ r61245 | neal.norwitz | 2008-03-05 06:49:03 +0100 (Wed, 05 Mar 2008) | 1 line Tabs -> spaces ........ r61246 | neal.norwitz | 2008-03-05 06:50:20 +0100 (Wed, 05 Mar 2008) | 1 line Use -u urlfetch to run more tests ........ r61247 | neal.norwitz | 2008-03-05 06:51:20 +0100 (Wed, 05 Mar 2008) | 1 line test_smtplib sometimes reports leaks too, suppress it ........ r61248 | jeffrey.yasskin | 2008-03-05 07:19:56 +0100 (Wed, 05 Mar 2008) | 5 lines Fix test_socketserver on Windows after r61099 added several signal.alarm() calls (which don't exist on non-Unix platforms). Thanks to Trent Nelson for the report and patch. ........ r61249 | georg.brandl | 2008-03-05 08:10:35 +0100 (Wed, 05 Mar 2008) | 2 lines Fix some rst. ........ r61252 | thomas.heller | 2008-03-05 15:53:39 +0100 (Wed, 05 Mar 2008) | 2 lines News entry for yesterdays commit. ........ r61253 | thomas.heller | 2008-03-05 16:34:29 +0100 (Wed, 05 Mar 2008) | 3 lines Issue 1872: Changed the struct module typecode from 't' to '?', for compatibility with PEP3118. ........ r61254 | skip.montanaro | 2008-03-05 17:41:09 +0100 (Wed, 05 Mar 2008) | 4 lines Elaborate on the role of the altinstall target when installing multiple versions. ........ r61255 | georg.brandl | 2008-03-05 20:31:44 +0100 (Wed, 05 Mar 2008) | 2 lines #2239: PYTHONPATH delimiter is os.pathsep. ........ r61256 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-03-05 21:59:58 +0100 (Wed, 05 Mar 2008) | 1 line C implementation of itertools.permutations(). ........ r61257 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-03-05 22:04:32 +0100 (Wed, 05 Mar 2008) | 1 line Small code cleanup. ........ r61260 | martin.v.loewis | 2008-03-05 23:24:31 +0100 (Wed, 05 Mar 2008) | 2 lines cd PCbuild only after deleting all pyc files. ........ r61261 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-03-06 02:15:52 +0100 (Thu, 06 Mar 2008) | 1 line Add examples. ........ r61262 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-03-06 02:36:27 +0100 (Thu, 06 Mar 2008) | 1 line Add two items ........ r61263 | georg.brandl | 2008-03-06 07:47:18 +0100 (Thu, 06 Mar 2008) | 2 lines #1725737: ignore other VC directories other than CVS and SVN's too. ........ r61264 | martin.v.loewis | 2008-03-06 07:55:22 +0100 (Thu, 06 Mar 2008) | 4 lines Patch #2232: os.tmpfile might fail on Windows if the user has no permission to create files in the root directory. Will backport to 2.5. ........ r61269 | georg.brandl | 2008-03-06 08:19:15 +0100 (Thu, 06 Mar 2008) | 2 lines Expand on re.split behavior with captured expressions. ........ r61270 | georg.brandl | 2008-03-06 08:22:09 +0100 (Thu, 06 Mar 2008) | 2 lines Little clarification of assignments. ........ r61271 | georg.brandl | 2008-03-06 08:31:34 +0100 (Thu, 06 Mar 2008) | 2 lines Add isinstance/issubclass to tutorial. ........ r61272 | georg.brandl | 2008-03-06 08:34:52 +0100 (Thu, 06 Mar 2008) | 2 lines Add missing NEWS entry for r61263. ........ r61273 | georg.brandl | 2008-03-06 08:41:16 +0100 (Thu, 06 Mar 2008) | 2 lines #2225: return nonzero status code from py_compile if not all files could be compiled. ........ r61274 | georg.brandl | 2008-03-06 08:43:02 +0100 (Thu, 06 Mar 2008) | 2 lines #2220: handle matching failure more gracefully. ........ r61275 | georg.brandl | 2008-03-06 08:45:52 +0100 (Thu, 06 Mar 2008) | 2 lines Bug #2220: handle rlcompleter attribute match failure more gracefully. ........ r61278 | martin.v.loewis | 2008-03-06 14:49:47 +0100 (Thu, 06 Mar 2008) | 1 line Rely on x64 platform configuration when building _bsddb on AMD64. ........ r61279 | martin.v.loewis | 2008-03-06 14:50:28 +0100 (Thu, 06 Mar 2008) | 1 line Update db-4.4.20 build procedure. ........ r61285 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-03-06 21:52:01 +0100 (Thu, 06 Mar 2008) | 1 line More tests. ........ r61286 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-03-06 23:51:36 +0100 (Thu, 06 Mar 2008) | 1 line Issue 2246: itertools grouper object did not participate in GC (should be backported). ........ r61288 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-03-07 02:33:20 +0100 (Fri, 07 Mar 2008) | 1 line Tweak recipes and tests ........ r61289 | jeffrey.yasskin | 2008-03-07 07:22:15 +0100 (Fri, 07 Mar 2008) | 5 lines Progress on issue #1193577 by adding a polling .shutdown() method to SocketServers. The core of the patch was written by Pedro Werneck, but any bugs are mine. I've also rearranged the code for timeouts in order to avoid interfering with the shutdown poll. ........ r61290 | nick.coghlan | 2008-03-07 15:13:28 +0100 (Fri, 07 Mar 2008) | 1 line Speed up with statements by storing the __exit__ method on the stack instead of in a temp variable (bumps the magic number for pyc files) ........ r61298 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-03-07 22:09:23 +0100 (Fri, 07 Mar 2008) | 1 line Grammar fix ........ r61303 | georg.brandl | 2008-03-08 10:54:06 +0100 (Sat, 08 Mar 2008) | 2 lines #2253: fix continue vs. finally docs. ........ r61304 | marc-andre.lemburg | 2008-03-08 11:01:43 +0100 (Sat, 08 Mar 2008) | 3 lines Add new name for Mandrake: Mandriva. ........ r61305 | georg.brandl | 2008-03-08 11:05:24 +0100 (Sat, 08 Mar 2008) | 2 lines #1533486: fix types in refcount intro. ........ r61312 | facundo.batista | 2008-03-08 17:50:27 +0100 (Sat, 08 Mar 2008) | 5 lines Issue 1106316. post_mortem()'s parameter, traceback, is now optional: it defaults to the traceback of the exception that is currently being handled. ........ r61313 | jeffrey.yasskin | 2008-03-08 19:26:54 +0100 (Sat, 08 Mar 2008) | 2 lines Add tests for with and finally performance to pybench. ........ r61314 | jeffrey.yasskin | 2008-03-08 21:08:21 +0100 (Sat, 08 Mar 2008) | 2 lines Fix pybench for pythons < 2.6, tested back to 2.3. ........ r61317 | jeffrey.yasskin | 2008-03-08 22:35:15 +0100 (Sat, 08 Mar 2008) | 3 lines Well that was dumb. platform.python_implementation returns a function, not a string. ........ r61329 | georg.brandl | 2008-03-09 16:11:39 +0100 (Sun, 09 Mar 2008) | 2 lines #2249: document assertTrue and assertFalse. ........ r61332 | neal.norwitz | 2008-03-09 20:03:42 +0100 (Sun, 09 Mar 2008) | 4 lines Introduce a lock to fix a race condition which caused an exception in the test. Some buildbots were consistently failing (e.g., amd64). Also remove a couple of semi-colons. ........ r61344 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-03-11 01:19:07 +0100 (Tue, 11 Mar 2008) | 1 line Add recipe to docs. ........ r61350 | guido.van.rossum | 2008-03-11 22:18:06 +0100 (Tue, 11 Mar 2008) | 3 lines Fix the overflows in expandtabs(). "This time for sure!" (Exploit at request.) ........ r61351 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-03-11 22:37:46 +0100 (Tue, 11 Mar 2008) | 1 line Improve docs for itemgetter(). Show that it works with slices. ........ r61363 | georg.brandl | 2008-03-13 08:15:56 +0100 (Thu, 13 Mar 2008) | 2 lines #2265: fix example. ........ r61364 | georg.brandl | 2008-03-13 08:17:14 +0100 (Thu, 13 Mar 2008) | 2 lines #2270: fix typo. ........ r61365 | georg.brandl | 2008-03-13 08:21:41 +0100 (Thu, 13 Mar 2008) | 2 lines #1720705: add docs about import/threading interaction, wording by Nick. ........ r61366 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-03-13 12:07:35 +0100 (Thu, 13 Mar 2008) | 1 line Add class decorators ........ r61367 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-03-13 17:43:17 +0100 (Thu, 13 Mar 2008) | 1 line Add 2-to-3 support for the itertools moved to builtins or renamed. ........ r61368 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-03-13 17:43:59 +0100 (Thu, 13 Mar 2008) | 1 line Consistent tense. ........ r61369 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-03-13 20:03:51 +0100 (Thu, 13 Mar 2008) | 1 line Issue 2274: Add heapq.heappushpop(). ........ r61370 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-03-13 20:33:34 +0100 (Thu, 13 Mar 2008) | 1 line Simplify the nlargest() code using heappushpop(). ........ r61371 | brett.cannon | 2008-03-13 21:27:00 +0100 (Thu, 13 Mar 2008) | 4 lines Move test_thread over to unittest. Commits GHOP 237. Thanks Benjamin Peterson for the patch. ........ r61372 | brett.cannon | 2008-03-13 21:33:10 +0100 (Thu, 13 Mar 2008) | 4 lines Move test_tokenize to doctest. Done as GHOP 238 by Josip Dzolonga. ........ r61373 | brett.cannon | 2008-03-13 21:47:41 +0100 (Thu, 13 Mar 2008) | 4 lines Convert test_contains, test_crypt, and test_select to unittest. Patch from GHOP 294 by David Marek. ........ r61374 | brett.cannon | 2008-03-13 22:02:16 +0100 (Thu, 13 Mar 2008) | 4 lines Move test_gdbm to use unittest. Closes issue #1960. Thanks Giampaolo Rodola. ........ r61375 | brett.cannon | 2008-03-13 22:09:28 +0100 (Thu, 13 Mar 2008) | 4 lines Convert test_fcntl to unittest. Closes issue #2055. Thanks Giampaolo Rodola. ........ r61376 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-03-14 06:03:44 +0100 (Fri, 14 Mar 2008) | 1 line Leave heapreplace() unchanged. ........ r61378 | martin.v.loewis | 2008-03-14 14:56:09 +0100 (Fri, 14 Mar 2008) | 2 lines Patch #2284: add -x64 option to rt.bat. ........ r61379 | martin.v.loewis | 2008-03-14 14:57:59 +0100 (Fri, 14 Mar 2008) | 2 lines Use -x64 flag. ........ r61382 | brett.cannon | 2008-03-14 15:03:10 +0100 (Fri, 14 Mar 2008) | 2 lines Remove a bad test. ........ r61383 | mark.dickinson | 2008-03-14 15:23:37 +0100 (Fri, 14 Mar 2008) | 9 lines Issue 705836: Fix struct.pack(">f", 1e40) to behave consistently across platforms: it should now raise OverflowError on all platforms. (Previously it raised OverflowError only on non IEEE 754 platforms.) Also fix the (already existing) test for this behaviour so that it actually raises TestFailed instead of just referencing it. ........ r61387 | thomas.heller | 2008-03-14 22:06:21 +0100 (Fri, 14 Mar 2008) | 1 line Remove unneeded initializer. ........ r61388 | martin.v.loewis | 2008-03-14 22:19:28 +0100 (Fri, 14 Mar 2008) | 2 lines Run debug version, cd to PCbuild. ........ r61392 | georg.brandl | 2008-03-15 00:10:34 +0100 (Sat, 15 Mar 2008) | 2 lines Remove obsolete paragraph. #2288. ........ r61395 | georg.brandl | 2008-03-15 01:20:19 +0100 (Sat, 15 Mar 2008) | 2 lines Fix lots of broken links in the docs, found by Sphinx' external link checker. ........ r61396 | skip.montanaro | 2008-03-15 03:32:49 +0100 (Sat, 15 Mar 2008) | 1 line note that fork and forkpty raise OSError on failure ........ r61402 | skip.montanaro | 2008-03-15 17:04:45 +0100 (Sat, 15 Mar 2008) | 1 line add %f format to datetime - issue 1158 ........ r61403 | skip.montanaro | 2008-03-15 17:07:11 +0100 (Sat, 15 Mar 2008) | 2 lines . ........
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When :keyword:`continue` passes control out of a :keyword:`try` statement with a
:keyword:`finally` clause, that :keyword:`finally` clause is executed before
really starting the next loop cycle.
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.. _import:
.. _from:
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The :keyword:`import` statement
===============================
.. index::
statement: import
single: module; importing
pair: name; binding
keyword: from
.. productionlist::
import_stmt: "import" `module` ["as" `name`] ( "," `module` ["as" `name`] )*
: | "from" `relative_module` "import" `identifier` ["as" `name`]
: ( "," `identifier` ["as" `name`] )*
: | "from" `relative_module` "import" "(" `identifier` ["as" `name`]
: ( "," `identifier` ["as" `name`] )* [","] ")"
: | "from" `module` "import" "*"
module: (`identifier` ".")* `identifier`
relative_module: "."* `module` | "."+
name: `identifier`
Import statements are executed in two steps: (1) find a module, and initialize
it if necessary; (2) define a name or names in the local namespace (of the scope
where the :keyword:`import` statement occurs). The statement comes in two
forms differing on whether it uses the :keyword:`from` keyword. The first form
(without :keyword:`from`) repeats these steps for each identifier in the list.
The form with :keyword:`from` performs step (1) once, and then performs step
(2) repeatedly. For a reference implementation of step (1), see the
:mod:`importlib` module.
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.. index::
single: package
To understand how step (1) occurs, one must first understand how Python handles
hierarchical naming of modules. To help organize modules and provide a
hierarchy in naming, Python has a concept of packages. A package can contain
other packages and modules while modules cannot contain other modules or
packages. From a file system perspective, packages are directories and modules
are files. The original `specification for packages
<http://www.python.org/doc/essays/packages.html>`_ is still available to read,
although minor details have changed since the writing of that document.
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.. index::
single: sys.modules
Once the name of the module is known (unless otherwise specified, the term
"module" will refer to both packages and modules), searching
for the module or package can begin. The first place checked is
:data:`sys.modules`, the cache of all modules that have been imported
previously. If the module is found there then it is used in step (2) of import.
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.. index::
single: sys.meta_path
single: finder
pair: finder; find_module
single: __path__
If the module is not found in the cache, then :data:`sys.meta_path` is searched
(the specification for :data:`sys.meta_path` can be found in :pep:`302`).
The object is a list of :term:`finder` objects which are queried in order as to
whether they know how to load the module by calling their :meth:`find_module`
method with the name of the module. If the module happens to be contained
within a package (as denoted by the existence of a dot in the name), then a
second argument to :meth:`find_module` is given as the value of the
:attr:`__path__` attribute from the parent package (everything up to the last
dot in the name of the module being imported). If a finder can find the module
it returns a :term:`loader` (discussed later) or returns :keyword:`None`.
.. index::
single: sys.path_hooks
single: sys.path_importer_cache
single: sys.path
If none of the finders on :data:`sys.meta_path` are able to find the module
then some implicitly defined finders are queried. Implementations of Python
vary in what implicit meta path finders are defined. The one they all do
define, though, is one that handles :data:`sys.path_hooks`,
:data:`sys.path_importer_cache`, and :data:`sys.path`.
The implicit finder searches for the requested module in the "paths" specified
in one of two places ("paths" do not have to be file system paths). If the
module being imported is supposed to be contained within a package then the
second argument passed to :meth:`find_module`, :attr:`__path__` on the parent
package, is used as the source of paths. If the module is not contained in a
package then :data:`sys.path` is used as the source of paths.
Once the source of paths is chosen it is iterated over to find a finder that
can handle that path. The dict at :data:`sys.path_importer_cache` caches
finders for paths and is checked for a finder. If the path does not have a
finder cached then :data:`sys.path_hooks` is searched by calling each object in
the list with a single argument of the path, returning a finder or raises
:exc:`ImportError`. If a finder is returned then it is cached in
:data:`sys.path_importer_cache` and then used for that path entry. If no finder
can be found but the path exists then a value of :keyword:`None` is
stored in :data:`sys.path_importer_cache` to signify that an implicit,
file-based finder that handles modules stored as individual files should be
used for that path. If the path does not exist then a finder which always
returns :keyword:`None` is placed in the cache for the path.
.. index::
single: loader
pair: loader; load_module
exception: ImportError
If no finder can find the module then :exc:`ImportError` is raised. Otherwise
some finder returned a loader whose :meth:`load_module` method is called with
the name of the module to load (see :pep:`302` for the original definition of
loaders). A loader has several responsibilities to perform on a module it
loads. First, if the module already exists in :data:`sys.modules` (a
possibility if the loader is called outside of the import machinery) then it
is to use that module for initialization and not a new module. But if the
module does not exist in :data:`sys.modules` then it is to be added to that
dict before initialization begins. If an error occurs during loading of the
module and it was added to :data:`sys.modules` it is to be removed from the
dict. If an error occurs but the module was already in :data:`sys.modules` it
is left in the dict.
.. index::
single: __name__
single: __file__
single: __path__
single: __package__
single: __loader__
The loader must set several attributes on the module. :data:`__name__` is to be
set to the name of the module. :data:`__file__` is to be the "path" to the file
unless the module is built-in (and thus listed in
:data:`sys.builtin_module_names`) in which case the attribute is not set.
If what is being imported is a package then :data:`__path__` is to be set to a
list of paths to be searched when looking for modules and packages contained
within the package being imported. :data:`__package__` is optional but should
be set to the name of package that contains the module or package (the empty
string is used for module not contained in a package). :data:`__loader__` is
also optional but should be set to the loader object that is loading the
module.
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.. index::
exception: ImportError
If an error occurs during loading then the loader raises :exc:`ImportError` if
some other exception is not already being propagated. Otherwise the loader
returns the module that was loaded and initialized.
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When step (1) finishes without raising an exception, step (2) can begin.
The first form of :keyword:`import` statement binds the module name in the local
namespace to the module object, and then goes on to import the next identifier,
if any. If the module name is followed by :keyword:`as`, the name following
:keyword:`as` is used as the local name for the module.
.. index::
pair: name; binding
exception: ImportError
The :keyword:`from` form does not bind the module name: it goes through the list
of identifiers, looks each one of them up in the module found in step (1), and
binds the name in the local namespace to the object thus found. As with the
first form of :keyword:`import`, an alternate local name can be supplied by
specifying ":keyword:`as` localname". If a name is not found,
:exc:`ImportError` is raised. If the list of identifiers is replaced by a star
(``'*'``), all public names defined in the module are bound in the local
namespace of the :keyword:`import` statement..
.. index:: single: __all__ (optional module attribute)
The *public names* defined by a module are determined by checking the module's
namespace for a variable named ``__all__``; if defined, it must be a sequence of
strings which are names defined or imported by that module. The names given in
``__all__`` are all considered public and are required to exist. If ``__all__``
is not defined, the set of public names includes all names found in the module's
namespace which do not begin with an underscore character (``'_'``).
``__all__`` should contain the entire public API. It is intended to avoid
accidentally exporting items that are not part of the API (such as library
modules which were imported and used within the module).
The :keyword:`from` form with ``*`` may only occur in a module scope. The wild
card form of import --- ``import *`` --- is only allowed at the module level.
Attempting to use it in class or function definitions will raise a
:exc:`SyntaxError`.
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.. index::
single: relative; import
When specifying what module to import you do not have to specify the absolute
name of the module. When a module or package is contained within another
package it is possible to make a relative import within the same top package
without having to mention the package name. By using leading dots in the
specified module or package after :keyword:`from` you can specify how high to
traverse up the current package hierarchy without specifying exact names. One
leading dot means the current package where the module making the import
exists. Two dots means up one package level. Three dots is up two levels, etc.
So if you execute ``from . import mod`` from a module in the ``pkg`` package
then you will end up importing ``pkg.mod``. If you execute ``from ..subpkg2
imprt mod`` from within ``pkg.subpkg1`` you will import ``pkg.subpkg2.mod``.
The specification for relative imports is contained within :pep:`328`.
Merged revisions 72506,72525-72526,72551,72558,72616,72654-72655,72689,72745,72750,72802,72812,72822,72824,72826-72827,72833,72876,72890,72923,72946,73026,73042,73045,73047,73065,73068-73069 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r72506 | vinay.sajip | 2009-05-09 07:07:17 -0500 (Sat, 09 May 2009) | 1 line Issue #5971: StreamHandler.handleError now swallows IOErrors which occur when trying to print a traceback. ........ r72525 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-05-09 20:38:02 -0500 (Sat, 09 May 2009) | 1 line close file explicitly ........ r72526 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-05-09 21:29:00 -0500 (Sat, 09 May 2009) | 1 line make sure files are closed using the with statement ........ r72551 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-05-10 09:16:47 -0500 (Sun, 10 May 2009) | 1 line use isinstance ........ r72558 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-05-10 18:52:09 -0500 (Sun, 10 May 2009) | 1 line sys.setdefaultencoding() strikes me as a bad example ........ r72616 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-05-13 19:33:10 -0500 (Wed, 13 May 2009) | 1 line importlib.import_module is better these days ........ r72654 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-05-14 17:37:49 -0500 (Thu, 14 May 2009) | 1 line prevent refleaks from threads ........ r72655 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-05-14 17:40:34 -0500 (Thu, 14 May 2009) | 1 line a useful decorator for cleaning up threads ........ r72689 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-05-16 13:44:34 -0500 (Sat, 16 May 2009) | 1 line use skipTest() ........ r72745 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-05-17 09:16:29 -0500 (Sun, 17 May 2009) | 1 line ignore .rst files in sphinx its self ........ r72750 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-05-17 11:59:27 -0500 (Sun, 17 May 2009) | 1 line chop off slash ........ r72802 | georg.brandl | 2009-05-20 13:35:27 -0500 (Wed, 20 May 2009) | 1 line #6051: refer to email examples for better way to construct email messages. ........ r72812 | michael.foord | 2009-05-21 17:57:02 -0500 (Thu, 21 May 2009) | 1 line Rename TestCase._result to _resultForDoCleanups to avoid potential clashes in TestCase subclasses. Issue 6072. ........ r72822 | georg.brandl | 2009-05-22 04:33:25 -0500 (Fri, 22 May 2009) | 1 line #6084: fix example. ........ r72824 | georg.brandl | 2009-05-22 04:43:17 -0500 (Fri, 22 May 2009) | 1 line Fix references to file-related functions and methods (os.* vs file.*). ........ r72826 | georg.brandl | 2009-05-22 04:49:42 -0500 (Fri, 22 May 2009) | 1 line Fix confusing wording. ........ r72827 | georg.brandl | 2009-05-22 04:50:30 -0500 (Fri, 22 May 2009) | 1 line s/use/call/ ........ r72833 | georg.brandl | 2009-05-22 12:00:17 -0500 (Fri, 22 May 2009) | 1 line #6078: _warnings is a builtin module and has no standard init_warnings function. ........ r72876 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-05-23 15:59:09 -0500 (Sat, 23 May 2009) | 1 line remove mention of old ctypes version ........ r72890 | gregory.p.smith | 2009-05-24 13:00:13 -0500 (Sun, 24 May 2009) | 2 lines add a versionadded tag for set_tunnel ........ r72923 | michael.foord | 2009-05-25 15:36:56 -0500 (Mon, 25 May 2009) | 1 line Make assertSequenceEqual error messages less cryptic, particularly for nested sequences. ........ r72946 | ronald.oussoren | 2009-05-26 13:44:48 -0500 (Tue, 26 May 2009) | 2 lines Fixes issue 6110 ........ r73026 | r.david.murray | 2009-05-29 14:30:27 -0500 (Fri, 29 May 2009) | 3 lines Issue 6141: document that the first item of args is still the command name even when executable is specified. ........ r73042 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-05-29 22:10:52 -0500 (Fri, 29 May 2009) | 1 line no fdatasync on macos ........ r73045 | georg.brandl | 2009-05-30 02:26:04 -0500 (Sat, 30 May 2009) | 1 line #6146: fix markup bug. ........ r73047 | georg.brandl | 2009-05-30 05:33:23 -0500 (Sat, 30 May 2009) | 1 line Fix some more small markup problems. ........ r73065 | antoine.pitrou | 2009-05-30 16:39:25 -0500 (Sat, 30 May 2009) | 3 lines The test for #5330 wasn't correct. ........ r73068 | antoine.pitrou | 2009-05-30 16:45:40 -0500 (Sat, 30 May 2009) | 3 lines Update ACKS ........ r73069 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-05-30 19:42:42 -0500 (Sat, 30 May 2009) | 1 line fix signature ........
2009-06-01 19:42:33 -03:00
:func:`importlib.import_module` is provided to support applications that
determine which modules need to be loaded dynamically.
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.. _future:
Future statements
-----------------
.. index:: pair: future; statement
A :dfn:`future statement` is a directive to the compiler that a particular
module should be compiled using syntax or semantics that will be available in a
specified future release of Python. The future statement is intended to ease
migration to future versions of Python that introduce incompatible changes to
the language. It allows use of the new features on a per-module basis before
the release in which the feature becomes standard.
.. productionlist:: *
future_statement: "from" "__future__" "import" feature ["as" name]
: ("," feature ["as" name])*
: | "from" "__future__" "import" "(" feature ["as" name]
: ("," feature ["as" name])* [","] ")"
feature: identifier
name: identifier
A future statement must appear near the top of the module. The only lines that
can appear before a future statement are:
* the module docstring (if any),
* comments,
* blank lines, and
* other future statements.
.. XXX change this if future is cleaned out
The features recognized by Python 3.0 are ``absolute_import``, ``division``,
2008-10-10 21:49:57 -03:00
``generators``, ``unicode_literals``, ``print_function``, ``nested_scopes`` and
``with_statement``. They are all redundant because they are always enabled, and
only kept for backwards compatibility.
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A future statement is recognized and treated specially at compile time: Changes
to the semantics of core constructs are often implemented by generating
different code. It may even be the case that a new feature introduces new
incompatible syntax (such as a new reserved word), in which case the compiler
may need to parse the module differently. Such decisions cannot be pushed off
until runtime.
For any given release, the compiler knows which feature names have been defined,
and raises a compile-time error if a future statement contains a feature not
known to it.
The direct runtime semantics are the same as for any import statement: there is
a standard module :mod:`__future__`, described later, and it will be imported in
the usual way at the time the future statement is executed.
The interesting runtime semantics depend on the specific feature enabled by the
future statement.
Note that there is nothing special about the statement::
import __future__ [as name]
That is not a future statement; it's an ordinary import statement with no
special semantics or syntax restrictions.
Merged revisions 73941-73943,74076,74094,74186,74211-74214,74247,74254,74262,74311,74334,74368 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://svn.python.org/python/branches/py3k ................ r73941 | georg.brandl | 2009-07-11 12:39:00 +0200 (Sa, 11 Jul 2009) | 9 lines Merged revisions 73940 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r73940 | georg.brandl | 2009-07-11 12:37:38 +0200 (Sa, 11 Jul 2009) | 1 line #6430: add note about size of "u" type. ........ ................ r73942 | georg.brandl | 2009-07-11 12:39:23 +0200 (Sa, 11 Jul 2009) | 1 line #6430: remove mention of "w" array typecode. ................ r73943 | georg.brandl | 2009-07-11 12:43:08 +0200 (Sa, 11 Jul 2009) | 1 line #6421: The self argument of module-level PyCFunctions is now a reference to the module object. ................ r74076 | georg.brandl | 2009-07-18 11:07:48 +0200 (Sa, 18 Jul 2009) | 1 line #6502: add missing comma in docstring. ................ r74094 | georg.brandl | 2009-07-19 09:25:56 +0200 (So, 19 Jul 2009) | 10 lines Recorded merge of revisions 74089 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r74089 | senthil.kumaran | 2009-07-19 04:43:43 +0200 (So, 19 Jul 2009) | 3 lines Fix for issue5102, timeout value propages between redirects, proxy, digest and auth handlers. Fixed tests to reflect the same. ........ ................ r74186 | georg.brandl | 2009-07-23 11:19:09 +0200 (Do, 23 Jul 2009) | 9 lines Recorded merge of revisions 74185 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r74185 | georg.brandl | 2009-07-23 11:17:09 +0200 (Do, 23 Jul 2009) | 1 line Fix the "pylocals" gdb command. ........ ................ r74211 | georg.brandl | 2009-07-26 16:48:09 +0200 (So, 26 Jul 2009) | 9 lines Recorded merge of revisions 74210 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r74210 | georg.brandl | 2009-07-26 16:44:23 +0200 (So, 26 Jul 2009) | 1 line Move member descriptions inside the classes. ........ ................ r74212 | georg.brandl | 2009-07-26 16:54:51 +0200 (So, 26 Jul 2009) | 9 lines Merged revisions 74209 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r74209 | georg.brandl | 2009-07-26 16:37:28 +0200 (So, 26 Jul 2009) | 1 line builtin -> built-in. ........ ................ r74213 | georg.brandl | 2009-07-26 17:02:41 +0200 (So, 26 Jul 2009) | 9 lines Merged revisions 74207 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r74207 | georg.brandl | 2009-07-26 16:19:57 +0200 (So, 26 Jul 2009) | 1 line #6577: fix (hopefully) all links to builtin instead of module/class-specific objects. ........ ................ r74214 | georg.brandl | 2009-07-26 17:03:49 +0200 (So, 26 Jul 2009) | 9 lines Merged revisions 74205 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r74205 | georg.brandl | 2009-07-26 15:36:39 +0200 (So, 26 Jul 2009) | 1 line #6576: fix cross-refs in re docs. ........ ................ r74247 | georg.brandl | 2009-07-29 09:27:08 +0200 (Mi, 29 Jul 2009) | 9 lines Merged revisions 74239 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r74239 | georg.brandl | 2009-07-28 18:55:32 +0000 (Di, 28 Jul 2009) | 1 line Clarify quote_plus() usage. ........ ................ r74254 | georg.brandl | 2009-07-29 18:14:16 +0200 (Mi, 29 Jul 2009) | 1 line #6586: fix return/argument type doc for os.read() and os.write(). ................ r74262 | alexandre.vassalotti | 2009-07-29 21:54:39 +0200 (Mi, 29 Jul 2009) | 57 lines Merged revisions 74074,74077,74111,74188,74192-74193,74200,74252-74253,74258-74261 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r74074 | georg.brandl | 2009-07-18 05:03:10 -0400 (Sat, 18 Jul 2009) | 1 line #6513: fix example code: warning categories are classes, not instances. ........ r74077 | georg.brandl | 2009-07-18 05:43:40 -0400 (Sat, 18 Jul 2009) | 1 line #6489: fix an ambiguity in getiterator() documentation. ........ r74111 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-07-20 09:30:10 -0400 (Mon, 20 Jul 2009) | 1 line remove docs for deprecated -p option ........ r74188 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-07-23 10:25:31 -0400 (Thu, 23 Jul 2009) | 1 line use bools ........ r74192 | georg.brandl | 2009-07-24 12:28:38 -0400 (Fri, 24 Jul 2009) | 1 line Fix arg types of et#. ........ r74193 | georg.brandl | 2009-07-24 12:46:38 -0400 (Fri, 24 Jul 2009) | 1 line Dont put "void" in signature for nullary functions. ........ r74200 | georg.brandl | 2009-07-25 09:02:15 -0400 (Sat, 25 Jul 2009) | 1 line #6571: add index entries for more operators. ........ r74252 | georg.brandl | 2009-07-29 12:06:31 -0400 (Wed, 29 Jul 2009) | 1 line #6593: fix link targets. ........ r74253 | georg.brandl | 2009-07-29 12:09:17 -0400 (Wed, 29 Jul 2009) | 1 line #6591: add reference to ioctl in fcntl module for platforms other than Windows. ........ r74258 | georg.brandl | 2009-07-29 12:57:05 -0400 (Wed, 29 Jul 2009) | 1 line Add a link to readline, and mention IPython and bpython. ........ r74259 | georg.brandl | 2009-07-29 13:07:21 -0400 (Wed, 29 Jul 2009) | 1 line Fix some markup and small factual glitches found by M. Markert. ........ r74260 | georg.brandl | 2009-07-29 13:15:20 -0400 (Wed, 29 Jul 2009) | 1 line Fix a few markup glitches. ........ r74261 | georg.brandl | 2009-07-29 13:50:25 -0400 (Wed, 29 Jul 2009) | 1 line Rewrite the section about classes a bit; mostly tidbits, and a larger update to the section about "private" variables to reflect the Pythonic consensus better. ........ ................ r74311 | georg.brandl | 2009-08-04 22:29:27 +0200 (Di, 04 Aug 2009) | 1 line Slightly improve buffer-related error message. ................ r74334 | georg.brandl | 2009-08-06 19:51:03 +0200 (Do, 06 Aug 2009) | 1 line #6648: mention surrogateescape handler where all standard handlers are listed. ................ r74368 | georg.brandl | 2009-08-13 09:56:35 +0200 (Do, 13 Aug 2009) | 21 lines Merged revisions 74328,74332-74333,74365 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r74328 | georg.brandl | 2009-08-06 17:06:25 +0200 (Do, 06 Aug 2009) | 1 line Fix base keyword arg name for int() and long(). ........ r74332 | georg.brandl | 2009-08-06 19:23:21 +0200 (Do, 06 Aug 2009) | 1 line Fix punctuation and one copy-paste error. ........ r74333 | georg.brandl | 2009-08-06 19:43:55 +0200 (Do, 06 Aug 2009) | 1 line #6658: fix two typos. ........ r74365 | georg.brandl | 2009-08-13 09:48:05 +0200 (Do, 13 Aug 2009) | 1 line #6679: Remove mention that sub supports no flags. ........ ................
2009-08-13 05:26:44 -03:00
Code compiled by calls to the built-in functions :func:`exec` and :func:`compile`
that occur in a module :mod:`M` containing a future statement will, by default,
use the new syntax or semantics associated with the future statement. This can
be controlled by optional arguments to :func:`compile` --- see the documentation
of that function for details.
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A future statement typed at an interactive interpreter prompt will take effect
for the rest of the interpreter session. If an interpreter is started with the
:option:`-i` option, is passed a script name to execute, and the script includes
a future statement, it will be in effect in the interactive session started
after the script is executed.
.. seealso::
:pep:`236` - Back to the __future__
The original proposal for the __future__ mechanism.
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.. _global:
The :keyword:`global` statement
===============================
Merged revisions 59703-59773 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r59704 | christian.heimes | 2008-01-04 04:15:05 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 1 line Moved include "Python.h" in front of other imports to silence a warning. ........ r59706 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-01-04 04:22:53 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 10 lines Minor fix-ups to named tuples: * Make the _replace() method respect subclassing. * Using property() to make _fields read-only wasn't a good idea. It caused len(Point._fields) to fail. * Add note to _cast() about length checking and alternative with the star-operator. ........ r59707 | jeffrey.yasskin | 2008-01-04 09:01:23 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 3 lines Make math.{floor,ceil}({int,long}) return float again for backwards compatibility after r59671 made them return integral types. ........ r59709 | christian.heimes | 2008-01-04 14:21:07 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 1 line Bug #1713: posixpath.ismount() claims symlink to a mountpoint is a mountpoint. ........ r59712 | lars.gustaebel | 2008-01-04 15:00:33 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 5 lines Issue #1735: TarFile.extractall() now correctly sets directory permissions and times. (will backport to 2.5) ........ r59714 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-01-04 15:47:17 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 1 line Update links to bug/patch tracker ........ r59716 | christian.heimes | 2008-01-04 16:23:30 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 1 line Added interface to Windows' WSAIoctl and a simple example for a network sniffer. ........ r59717 | christian.heimes | 2008-01-04 16:29:00 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 1 line And here is the rest of Hirokazu Yamamoto's patch for VS6.0 support. Thanks Hiro! ........ r59719 | christian.heimes | 2008-01-04 16:34:06 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 1 line Reverted last transaction. It's the wrong branch. ........ r59721 | christian.heimes | 2008-01-04 16:48:06 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 1 line socket.ioctl is only available on Windows ........ r59722 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-01-04 19:24:41 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 1 line Fix markup ........ r59723 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-01-04 19:25:05 +0100 (Fri, 04 Jan 2008) | 1 line Fix markup ........ r59725 | guido.van.rossum | 2008-01-05 01:59:59 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 3 lines Patch #1725 by Mark Dickinson, fixes incorrect conversion of -1e1000 and adds errors for -0x. ........ r59726 | guido.van.rossum | 2008-01-05 02:21:57 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Patch #1698 by Senthil: allow '@' in username when parsed by urlparse.py. ........ r59727 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-01-05 02:35:43 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 1 line Improve namedtuple's _cast() method with a docstring, new name, and error-checking. ........ r59728 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-01-05 03:17:24 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 1 line Add error-checking to namedtuple's _replace() method. ........ r59730 | fred.drake | 2008-01-05 05:38:38 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines clean up a comment ........ r59731 | jeffrey.yasskin | 2008-01-05 09:47:13 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 11 lines Continue rolling back pep-3141 changes that changed behavior from 2.5. This round included: * Revert round to its 2.6 behavior (half away from 0). * Because round, floor, and ceil always return float again, it's no longer necessary to have them delegate to __xxx___, so I've ripped that out of their implementations and the Real ABC. This also helps in implementing types that work in both 2.6 and 3.0: you return int from the __xxx__ methods, and let it get enabled by the version upgrade. * Make pow(-1, .5) raise a ValueError again. ........ r59736 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-01-05 16:13:49 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 1 line Fix comment typo ........ r59738 | thomas.heller | 2008-01-05 18:15:44 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 1 line Add myself. ........ r59739 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-05 18:49:17 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Fix C++-style comment. ........ r59742 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-05 20:28:16 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Remove with_statement future imports from 2.6 docs. ........ r59743 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-05 20:29:45 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Simplify index entries; fix #1712. ........ r59744 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-05 20:44:22 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Doc patch #1730 from Robin Stocker; minor corrections mostly to os.rst. ........ r59749 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-05 21:29:13 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Revert socket.rst to unix-eol. ........ r59750 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-05 21:33:46 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Set native svn:eol-style property for text files. ........ r59752 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-05 21:46:29 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines #1719: capitalization error in "UuidCreate". ........ r59753 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-05 22:02:25 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Repair markup. ........ r59754 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-05 22:10:50 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Use markup. ........ r59757 | christian.heimes | 2008-01-05 22:35:52 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 1 line Final adjustments for #1601 ........ r59758 | guido.van.rossum | 2008-01-05 23:19:06 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 3 lines Patch #1637: fix urlparse for URLs like 'http://x.com?arg=/foo'. Fix by John Nagle. ........ r59759 | guido.van.rossum | 2008-01-05 23:20:01 +0100 (Sat, 05 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Add John Nagle (of issue #1637). ........ r59765 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-01-06 10:02:24 +0100 (Sun, 06 Jan 2008) | 1 line Small code simplification. Forgot that classmethods can be called from intances. ........ r59766 | martin.v.loewis | 2008-01-06 11:09:48 +0100 (Sun, 06 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Use vcbuild for VS 2009. ........ r59767 | martin.v.loewis | 2008-01-06 12:03:43 +0100 (Sun, 06 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Package using VS 2008. ........ r59768 | martin.v.loewis | 2008-01-06 12:13:16 +0100 (Sun, 06 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Don't try to package msvcr90 for the moment. ........ r59769 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-06 15:17:36 +0100 (Sun, 06 Jan 2008) | 4 lines #1696393: don't check for '.' and '..' in ntpath.walk since they aren't returned from os.listdir anymore. Reported by Michael Haggerty. ........ r59770 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-06 15:27:15 +0100 (Sun, 06 Jan 2008) | 3 lines #1742: don't raise exception on os.path.relpath("a", "a"), but return os.curdir. Reported by Jesse Towner. ........ r59771 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-06 15:33:52 +0100 (Sun, 06 Jan 2008) | 2 lines #1591: Clarify docstring of Popen3. ........ r59772 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-06 16:30:34 +0100 (Sun, 06 Jan 2008) | 2 lines #1680: fix context manager example function name. ........ r59773 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-06 16:34:57 +0100 (Sun, 06 Jan 2008) | 2 lines #1755097: document default values for [].sort() and sorted(). ........
2008-01-06 12:59:19 -04:00
.. index::
statement: global
triple: global; name; binding
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.. productionlist::
global_stmt: "global" `identifier` ("," `identifier`)*
The :keyword:`global` statement is a declaration which holds for the entire
current code block. It means that the listed identifiers are to be interpreted
as globals. It would be impossible to assign to a global variable without
:keyword:`global`, although free variables may refer to globals without being
declared global.
Names listed in a :keyword:`global` statement must not be used in the same code
block textually preceding that :keyword:`global` statement.
Names listed in a :keyword:`global` statement must not be defined as formal
parameters or in a :keyword:`for` loop control target, :keyword:`class`
definition, function definition, or :keyword:`import` statement.
Merged revisions 75797 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://svn.python.org/python/branches/py3k ................ r75797 | georg.brandl | 2009-10-27 16:28:25 +0100 (Di, 27 Okt 2009) | 129 lines Merged revisions 75365,75394,75402-75403,75418,75459,75484,75592-75596,75600,75602-75607,75610-75613,75616-75617,75623,75627,75640,75647,75696,75795 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r75365 | georg.brandl | 2009-10-11 22:16:16 +0200 (So, 11 Okt 2009) | 1 line Fix broken links found by "make linkcheck". scipy.org seems to be done right now, so I could not verify links going there. ........ r75394 | georg.brandl | 2009-10-13 20:10:59 +0200 (Di, 13 Okt 2009) | 1 line Fix markup. ........ r75402 | georg.brandl | 2009-10-14 17:51:48 +0200 (Mi, 14 Okt 2009) | 1 line #7125: fix typo. ........ r75403 | georg.brandl | 2009-10-14 17:57:46 +0200 (Mi, 14 Okt 2009) | 1 line #7126: os.environ changes *do* take effect in subprocesses started with os.system(). ........ r75418 | georg.brandl | 2009-10-14 20:48:32 +0200 (Mi, 14 Okt 2009) | 1 line #7116: str.join() takes an iterable. ........ r75459 | georg.brandl | 2009-10-17 10:57:43 +0200 (Sa, 17 Okt 2009) | 1 line Fix refleaks in _ctypes PyCSimpleType_New, which fixes the refleak seen in test___all__. ........ r75484 | georg.brandl | 2009-10-18 09:58:12 +0200 (So, 18 Okt 2009) | 1 line Fix missing word. ........ r75592 | georg.brandl | 2009-10-22 09:05:48 +0200 (Do, 22 Okt 2009) | 1 line Fix punctuation. ........ r75593 | georg.brandl | 2009-10-22 09:06:49 +0200 (Do, 22 Okt 2009) | 1 line Revert unintended change. ........ r75594 | georg.brandl | 2009-10-22 09:56:02 +0200 (Do, 22 Okt 2009) | 1 line Fix markup. ........ r75595 | georg.brandl | 2009-10-22 09:56:56 +0200 (Do, 22 Okt 2009) | 1 line Fix duplicate target. ........ r75596 | georg.brandl | 2009-10-22 10:05:04 +0200 (Do, 22 Okt 2009) | 1 line Add a new directive marking up implementation details and start using it. ........ r75600 | georg.brandl | 2009-10-22 13:01:46 +0200 (Do, 22 Okt 2009) | 1 line Make it more robust. ........ r75602 | georg.brandl | 2009-10-22 13:28:06 +0200 (Do, 22 Okt 2009) | 1 line Document new directive. ........ r75603 | georg.brandl | 2009-10-22 13:28:23 +0200 (Do, 22 Okt 2009) | 1 line Allow short form with text as argument. ........ r75604 | georg.brandl | 2009-10-22 13:36:50 +0200 (Do, 22 Okt 2009) | 1 line Fix stylesheet for multi-paragraph impl-details. ........ r75605 | georg.brandl | 2009-10-22 13:48:10 +0200 (Do, 22 Okt 2009) | 1 line Use "impl-detail" directive where applicable. ........ r75606 | georg.brandl | 2009-10-22 17:00:06 +0200 (Do, 22 Okt 2009) | 1 line #6324: membership test tries iteration via __iter__. ........ r75607 | georg.brandl | 2009-10-22 17:04:09 +0200 (Do, 22 Okt 2009) | 1 line #7088: document new functions in signal as Unix-only. ........ r75610 | georg.brandl | 2009-10-22 17:27:24 +0200 (Do, 22 Okt 2009) | 1 line Reorder __slots__ fine print and add a clarification. ........ r75611 | georg.brandl | 2009-10-22 17:42:32 +0200 (Do, 22 Okt 2009) | 1 line #7035: improve docs of the various <method>_errors() functions, and give them docstrings. ........ r75612 | georg.brandl | 2009-10-22 17:52:15 +0200 (Do, 22 Okt 2009) | 1 line #7156: document curses as Unix-only. ........ r75613 | georg.brandl | 2009-10-22 17:54:35 +0200 (Do, 22 Okt 2009) | 1 line #6977: getopt does not support optional option arguments. ........ r75616 | georg.brandl | 2009-10-22 18:17:05 +0200 (Do, 22 Okt 2009) | 1 line Add proper references. ........ r75617 | georg.brandl | 2009-10-22 18:20:55 +0200 (Do, 22 Okt 2009) | 1 line Make printout margin important. ........ r75623 | georg.brandl | 2009-10-23 10:14:44 +0200 (Fr, 23 Okt 2009) | 1 line #7188: fix optionxform() docs. ........ r75627 | fred.drake | 2009-10-23 15:04:51 +0200 (Fr, 23 Okt 2009) | 2 lines add further note about what's passed to optionxform ........ r75640 | neil.schemenauer | 2009-10-23 21:58:17 +0200 (Fr, 23 Okt 2009) | 2 lines Improve some docstrings in the 'warnings' module. ........ r75647 | georg.brandl | 2009-10-24 12:04:19 +0200 (Sa, 24 Okt 2009) | 1 line Fix markup. ........ r75696 | georg.brandl | 2009-10-25 21:25:43 +0100 (So, 25 Okt 2009) | 1 line Fix a demo. ........ r75795 | georg.brandl | 2009-10-27 16:10:22 +0100 (Di, 27 Okt 2009) | 1 line Fix a strange mis-edit. ........ ................
2009-10-27 17:24:45 -03:00
.. impl-detail::
The current implementation does not enforce the latter two restrictions, but
programs should not abuse this freedom, as future implementations may enforce
them or silently change the meaning of the program.
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.. index::
builtin: exec
builtin: eval
builtin: compile
**Programmer's note:** the :keyword:`global` is a directive to the parser. It
applies only to code parsed at the same time as the :keyword:`global` statement.
In particular, a :keyword:`global` statement contained in a string or code
object supplied to the builtin :func:`exec` function does not affect the code
block *containing* the function call, and code contained in such a string is
unaffected by :keyword:`global` statements in the code containing the function
call. The same applies to the :func:`eval` and :func:`compile` functions.
.. _nonlocal:
The :keyword:`nonlocal` statement
=================================
.. index:: statement: nonlocal
.. productionlist::
nonlocal_stmt: "nonlocal" `identifier` ("," `identifier`)*
.. XXX add when implemented
: ["=" (`target_list` "=")+ expression_list]
: | "nonlocal" identifier augop expression_list
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The :keyword:`nonlocal` statement causes the listed identifiers to refer to
previously bound variables in the nearest enclosing scope. This is important
because the default behavior for binding is to search the local namespace
first. The statement allows encapsulated code to rebind variables outside of
the local scope besides the global (module) scope.
.. XXX not implemented
The :keyword:`nonlocal` statement may prepend an assignment or augmented
assignment, but not an expression.
Names listed in a :keyword:`nonlocal` statement, unlike to those listed in a
:keyword:`global` statement, must refer to pre-existing bindings in an
enclosing scope (the scope in which a new binding should be created cannot
be determined unambiguously).
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Names listed in a :keyword:`nonlocal` statement must not collide with
pre-existing bindings in the local scope.
.. seealso::
:pep:`3104` - Access to Names in Outer Scopes
The specification for the :keyword:`nonlocal` statement.
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.. rubric:: Footnotes
.. [#] It may occur within an :keyword:`except` or :keyword:`else` clause. The
restriction on occurring in the :keyword:`try` clause is implementor's
laziness and will eventually be lifted.