cpython/Doc/c-api/type.rst

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.. highlightlang:: c
.. _typeobjects:
Type Objects
------------
.. index:: object: type
.. c:type:: PyTypeObject
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The C structure of the objects used to describe built-in types.
.. c:var:: PyObject* PyType_Type
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This is the type object for type objects; it is the same object as
:class:`type` in the Python layer.
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.. c:function:: int PyType_Check(PyObject *o)
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Return true if the object *o* is a type object, including instances of types
derived from the standard type object. Return false in all other cases.
.. c:function:: int PyType_CheckExact(PyObject *o)
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Return true if the object *o* is a type object, but not a subtype of the
standard type object. Return false in all other cases.
Merged revisions 60364-60378 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r60364 | neal.norwitz | 2008-01-27 19:09:48 +0100 (Sun, 27 Jan 2008) | 4 lines Update the comment and remove the close. If we close we can't flush anymore. We might still need to close after the for loop if flushing 6! times still doesn't cause the signal/exception. ........ r60365 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-27 19:14:43 +0100 (Sun, 27 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Remove effectless expression statement. ........ r60367 | neal.norwitz | 2008-01-27 19:19:04 +0100 (Sun, 27 Jan 2008) | 1 line Try to handle socket.errors properly in is_unavailable ........ r60370 | christian.heimes | 2008-01-27 20:01:45 +0100 (Sun, 27 Jan 2008) | 1 line Change isbasestring function as discussed on the cvs list a while ago ........ r60372 | neal.norwitz | 2008-01-27 21:03:13 +0100 (Sun, 27 Jan 2008) | 3 lines socket.error doesn't have a headers attribute like ProtocolError. Handle that situation where we catch socket.errors. ........ r60375 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-27 21:25:12 +0100 (Sun, 27 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Add refcounting extension to build config. ........ r60377 | jeffrey.yasskin | 2008-01-28 00:08:46 +0100 (Mon, 28 Jan 2008) | 6 lines Moved Rational._binary_float_to_ratio() to float.as_integer_ratio() because it's useful outside of rational numbers. This is my first C code that had to do anything significant. Please be more careful when looking over it. ........ r60378 | christian.heimes | 2008-01-28 00:34:59 +0100 (Mon, 28 Jan 2008) | 1 line Added clear cache methods to clear the internal type lookup cache for ref leak test runs. ........
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.. c:function:: unsigned int PyType_ClearCache()
Merged revisions 60364-60378 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r60364 | neal.norwitz | 2008-01-27 19:09:48 +0100 (Sun, 27 Jan 2008) | 4 lines Update the comment and remove the close. If we close we can't flush anymore. We might still need to close after the for loop if flushing 6! times still doesn't cause the signal/exception. ........ r60365 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-27 19:14:43 +0100 (Sun, 27 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Remove effectless expression statement. ........ r60367 | neal.norwitz | 2008-01-27 19:19:04 +0100 (Sun, 27 Jan 2008) | 1 line Try to handle socket.errors properly in is_unavailable ........ r60370 | christian.heimes | 2008-01-27 20:01:45 +0100 (Sun, 27 Jan 2008) | 1 line Change isbasestring function as discussed on the cvs list a while ago ........ r60372 | neal.norwitz | 2008-01-27 21:03:13 +0100 (Sun, 27 Jan 2008) | 3 lines socket.error doesn't have a headers attribute like ProtocolError. Handle that situation where we catch socket.errors. ........ r60375 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-27 21:25:12 +0100 (Sun, 27 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Add refcounting extension to build config. ........ r60377 | jeffrey.yasskin | 2008-01-28 00:08:46 +0100 (Mon, 28 Jan 2008) | 6 lines Moved Rational._binary_float_to_ratio() to float.as_integer_ratio() because it's useful outside of rational numbers. This is my first C code that had to do anything significant. Please be more careful when looking over it. ........ r60378 | christian.heimes | 2008-01-28 00:34:59 +0100 (Mon, 28 Jan 2008) | 1 line Added clear cache methods to clear the internal type lookup cache for ref leak test runs. ........
2008-01-27 19:50:43 -04:00
Merged revisions 63724,63726,63732,63744,63754-63755,63757-63758,63760,63775,63781-63782,63787,63805-63808,63818-63819,63823-63824 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r63724 | gregory.p.smith | 2008-05-26 22:22:14 +0200 (Mon, 26 May 2008) | 6 lines Fixes issue2791: subprocess.Popen.communicate leaked a file descripton until the last reference to the Popen instance was dropped. Adding explicit close() calls fixes it. Candidate for backport to release25-maint. ........ r63726 | benjamin.peterson | 2008-05-26 22:43:24 +0200 (Mon, 26 May 2008) | 2 lines fix minor grammar typo ........ r63732 | benjamin.peterson | 2008-05-26 23:44:26 +0200 (Mon, 26 May 2008) | 2 lines remove duplication in test module ........ r63744 | lars.gustaebel | 2008-05-27 14:39:23 +0200 (Tue, 27 May 2008) | 3 lines Do not close external file objects passed to tarfile.open(mode='w:bz2') when the TarFile is closed. ........ r63754 | benjamin.peterson | 2008-05-28 03:12:35 +0200 (Wed, 28 May 2008) | 2 lines update tutorial function with more appropiate one from Eric Smith ........ r63755 | mark.hammond | 2008-05-28 03:54:55 +0200 (Wed, 28 May 2008) | 2 lines bdist_wininst now works correctly when both --skip-build and --plat-name are specified. ........ r63757 | georg.brandl | 2008-05-28 13:21:39 +0200 (Wed, 28 May 2008) | 2 lines #2989: add PyType_Modified(). ........ r63758 | benjamin.peterson | 2008-05-28 13:51:41 +0200 (Wed, 28 May 2008) | 2 lines fix spelling ........ r63760 | georg.brandl | 2008-05-28 17:41:36 +0200 (Wed, 28 May 2008) | 2 lines #2990: prevent inconsistent state while updating method cache. ........ r63775 | georg.brandl | 2008-05-29 09:18:17 +0200 (Thu, 29 May 2008) | 2 lines Two fixes in bytearray docs. ........ r63781 | georg.brandl | 2008-05-29 09:38:37 +0200 (Thu, 29 May 2008) | 2 lines #2988: add note about catching CookieError when parsing untrusted cookie data. ........ r63782 | georg.brandl | 2008-05-29 09:45:26 +0200 (Thu, 29 May 2008) | 2 lines #2985: allow i8 in XMLRPC responses. ........ r63787 | georg.brandl | 2008-05-29 16:35:39 +0200 (Thu, 29 May 2008) | 2 lines Revert #2990 patch; it's not necessary as Armin showed. ........ r63805 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-05-30 08:37:27 +0200 (Fri, 30 May 2008) | 1 line Issue 2784: fix leaks in exception exit. ........ r63806 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-05-30 08:49:47 +0200 (Fri, 30 May 2008) | 1 line Issue 2855: Fix obscure crasher by slowing down the entire module. Mimics what was done to dictionaries in r59223. ........ r63807 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-05-30 09:16:53 +0200 (Fri, 30 May 2008) | 1 line Issue 2903: Add __name__ in globals for namedtuple namespace. ........ r63808 | georg.brandl | 2008-05-30 09:54:16 +0200 (Fri, 30 May 2008) | 2 lines #2999: fix name of third parameter in unicode.replace()'s docstring. ........ r63818 | georg.brandl | 2008-05-30 21:12:13 +0200 (Fri, 30 May 2008) | 2 lines getloadavg() is not available on Windows. ........ r63819 | georg.brandl | 2008-05-30 21:17:29 +0200 (Fri, 30 May 2008) | 2 lines Better quote with single quotes. ........ r63823 | benjamin.peterson | 2008-05-30 22:44:39 +0200 (Fri, 30 May 2008) | 2 lines fix grammar ........ r63824 | marc-andre.lemburg | 2008-05-30 22:52:18 +0200 (Fri, 30 May 2008) | 5 lines Update the locale module alias table. Closes #3011. ........
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Clear the internal lookup cache. Return the current version tag.
.. c:function:: unsigned long PyType_GetFlags(PyTypeObject* type)
Return the :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_flags` member of *type*. This function is primarily
meant for use with `Py_LIMITED_API`; the individual flag bits are
guaranteed to be stable across Python releases, but access to
:c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_flags` itself is not part of the limited API.
.. versionadded:: 3.2
Merged revisions 63724,63726,63732,63744,63754-63755,63757-63758,63760,63775,63781-63782,63787,63805-63808,63818-63819,63823-63824 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r63724 | gregory.p.smith | 2008-05-26 22:22:14 +0200 (Mon, 26 May 2008) | 6 lines Fixes issue2791: subprocess.Popen.communicate leaked a file descripton until the last reference to the Popen instance was dropped. Adding explicit close() calls fixes it. Candidate for backport to release25-maint. ........ r63726 | benjamin.peterson | 2008-05-26 22:43:24 +0200 (Mon, 26 May 2008) | 2 lines fix minor grammar typo ........ r63732 | benjamin.peterson | 2008-05-26 23:44:26 +0200 (Mon, 26 May 2008) | 2 lines remove duplication in test module ........ r63744 | lars.gustaebel | 2008-05-27 14:39:23 +0200 (Tue, 27 May 2008) | 3 lines Do not close external file objects passed to tarfile.open(mode='w:bz2') when the TarFile is closed. ........ r63754 | benjamin.peterson | 2008-05-28 03:12:35 +0200 (Wed, 28 May 2008) | 2 lines update tutorial function with more appropiate one from Eric Smith ........ r63755 | mark.hammond | 2008-05-28 03:54:55 +0200 (Wed, 28 May 2008) | 2 lines bdist_wininst now works correctly when both --skip-build and --plat-name are specified. ........ r63757 | georg.brandl | 2008-05-28 13:21:39 +0200 (Wed, 28 May 2008) | 2 lines #2989: add PyType_Modified(). ........ r63758 | benjamin.peterson | 2008-05-28 13:51:41 +0200 (Wed, 28 May 2008) | 2 lines fix spelling ........ r63760 | georg.brandl | 2008-05-28 17:41:36 +0200 (Wed, 28 May 2008) | 2 lines #2990: prevent inconsistent state while updating method cache. ........ r63775 | georg.brandl | 2008-05-29 09:18:17 +0200 (Thu, 29 May 2008) | 2 lines Two fixes in bytearray docs. ........ r63781 | georg.brandl | 2008-05-29 09:38:37 +0200 (Thu, 29 May 2008) | 2 lines #2988: add note about catching CookieError when parsing untrusted cookie data. ........ r63782 | georg.brandl | 2008-05-29 09:45:26 +0200 (Thu, 29 May 2008) | 2 lines #2985: allow i8 in XMLRPC responses. ........ r63787 | georg.brandl | 2008-05-29 16:35:39 +0200 (Thu, 29 May 2008) | 2 lines Revert #2990 patch; it's not necessary as Armin showed. ........ r63805 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-05-30 08:37:27 +0200 (Fri, 30 May 2008) | 1 line Issue 2784: fix leaks in exception exit. ........ r63806 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-05-30 08:49:47 +0200 (Fri, 30 May 2008) | 1 line Issue 2855: Fix obscure crasher by slowing down the entire module. Mimics what was done to dictionaries in r59223. ........ r63807 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-05-30 09:16:53 +0200 (Fri, 30 May 2008) | 1 line Issue 2903: Add __name__ in globals for namedtuple namespace. ........ r63808 | georg.brandl | 2008-05-30 09:54:16 +0200 (Fri, 30 May 2008) | 2 lines #2999: fix name of third parameter in unicode.replace()'s docstring. ........ r63818 | georg.brandl | 2008-05-30 21:12:13 +0200 (Fri, 30 May 2008) | 2 lines getloadavg() is not available on Windows. ........ r63819 | georg.brandl | 2008-05-30 21:17:29 +0200 (Fri, 30 May 2008) | 2 lines Better quote with single quotes. ........ r63823 | benjamin.peterson | 2008-05-30 22:44:39 +0200 (Fri, 30 May 2008) | 2 lines fix grammar ........ r63824 | marc-andre.lemburg | 2008-05-30 22:52:18 +0200 (Fri, 30 May 2008) | 5 lines Update the locale module alias table. Closes #3011. ........
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.. versionchanged:: 3.4
The return type is now ``unsigned long`` rather than ``long``.
.. c:function:: void PyType_Modified(PyTypeObject *type)
Merged revisions 63724,63726,63732,63744,63754-63755,63757-63758,63760,63775,63781-63782,63787,63805-63808,63818-63819,63823-63824 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r63724 | gregory.p.smith | 2008-05-26 22:22:14 +0200 (Mon, 26 May 2008) | 6 lines Fixes issue2791: subprocess.Popen.communicate leaked a file descripton until the last reference to the Popen instance was dropped. Adding explicit close() calls fixes it. Candidate for backport to release25-maint. ........ r63726 | benjamin.peterson | 2008-05-26 22:43:24 +0200 (Mon, 26 May 2008) | 2 lines fix minor grammar typo ........ r63732 | benjamin.peterson | 2008-05-26 23:44:26 +0200 (Mon, 26 May 2008) | 2 lines remove duplication in test module ........ r63744 | lars.gustaebel | 2008-05-27 14:39:23 +0200 (Tue, 27 May 2008) | 3 lines Do not close external file objects passed to tarfile.open(mode='w:bz2') when the TarFile is closed. ........ r63754 | benjamin.peterson | 2008-05-28 03:12:35 +0200 (Wed, 28 May 2008) | 2 lines update tutorial function with more appropiate one from Eric Smith ........ r63755 | mark.hammond | 2008-05-28 03:54:55 +0200 (Wed, 28 May 2008) | 2 lines bdist_wininst now works correctly when both --skip-build and --plat-name are specified. ........ r63757 | georg.brandl | 2008-05-28 13:21:39 +0200 (Wed, 28 May 2008) | 2 lines #2989: add PyType_Modified(). ........ r63758 | benjamin.peterson | 2008-05-28 13:51:41 +0200 (Wed, 28 May 2008) | 2 lines fix spelling ........ r63760 | georg.brandl | 2008-05-28 17:41:36 +0200 (Wed, 28 May 2008) | 2 lines #2990: prevent inconsistent state while updating method cache. ........ r63775 | georg.brandl | 2008-05-29 09:18:17 +0200 (Thu, 29 May 2008) | 2 lines Two fixes in bytearray docs. ........ r63781 | georg.brandl | 2008-05-29 09:38:37 +0200 (Thu, 29 May 2008) | 2 lines #2988: add note about catching CookieError when parsing untrusted cookie data. ........ r63782 | georg.brandl | 2008-05-29 09:45:26 +0200 (Thu, 29 May 2008) | 2 lines #2985: allow i8 in XMLRPC responses. ........ r63787 | georg.brandl | 2008-05-29 16:35:39 +0200 (Thu, 29 May 2008) | 2 lines Revert #2990 patch; it's not necessary as Armin showed. ........ r63805 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-05-30 08:37:27 +0200 (Fri, 30 May 2008) | 1 line Issue 2784: fix leaks in exception exit. ........ r63806 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-05-30 08:49:47 +0200 (Fri, 30 May 2008) | 1 line Issue 2855: Fix obscure crasher by slowing down the entire module. Mimics what was done to dictionaries in r59223. ........ r63807 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-05-30 09:16:53 +0200 (Fri, 30 May 2008) | 1 line Issue 2903: Add __name__ in globals for namedtuple namespace. ........ r63808 | georg.brandl | 2008-05-30 09:54:16 +0200 (Fri, 30 May 2008) | 2 lines #2999: fix name of third parameter in unicode.replace()'s docstring. ........ r63818 | georg.brandl | 2008-05-30 21:12:13 +0200 (Fri, 30 May 2008) | 2 lines getloadavg() is not available on Windows. ........ r63819 | georg.brandl | 2008-05-30 21:17:29 +0200 (Fri, 30 May 2008) | 2 lines Better quote with single quotes. ........ r63823 | benjamin.peterson | 2008-05-30 22:44:39 +0200 (Fri, 30 May 2008) | 2 lines fix grammar ........ r63824 | marc-andre.lemburg | 2008-05-30 22:52:18 +0200 (Fri, 30 May 2008) | 5 lines Update the locale module alias table. Closes #3011. ........
2008-06-10 13:57:31 -03:00
Invalidate the internal lookup cache for the type and all of its
subtypes. This function must be called after any manual
modification of the attributes or base classes of the type.
Merged revisions 60364-60378 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r60364 | neal.norwitz | 2008-01-27 19:09:48 +0100 (Sun, 27 Jan 2008) | 4 lines Update the comment and remove the close. If we close we can't flush anymore. We might still need to close after the for loop if flushing 6! times still doesn't cause the signal/exception. ........ r60365 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-27 19:14:43 +0100 (Sun, 27 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Remove effectless expression statement. ........ r60367 | neal.norwitz | 2008-01-27 19:19:04 +0100 (Sun, 27 Jan 2008) | 1 line Try to handle socket.errors properly in is_unavailable ........ r60370 | christian.heimes | 2008-01-27 20:01:45 +0100 (Sun, 27 Jan 2008) | 1 line Change isbasestring function as discussed on the cvs list a while ago ........ r60372 | neal.norwitz | 2008-01-27 21:03:13 +0100 (Sun, 27 Jan 2008) | 3 lines socket.error doesn't have a headers attribute like ProtocolError. Handle that situation where we catch socket.errors. ........ r60375 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-27 21:25:12 +0100 (Sun, 27 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Add refcounting extension to build config. ........ r60377 | jeffrey.yasskin | 2008-01-28 00:08:46 +0100 (Mon, 28 Jan 2008) | 6 lines Moved Rational._binary_float_to_ratio() to float.as_integer_ratio() because it's useful outside of rational numbers. This is my first C code that had to do anything significant. Please be more careful when looking over it. ........ r60378 | christian.heimes | 2008-01-28 00:34:59 +0100 (Mon, 28 Jan 2008) | 1 line Added clear cache methods to clear the internal type lookup cache for ref leak test runs. ........
2008-01-27 19:50:43 -04:00
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.. c:function:: int PyType_HasFeature(PyTypeObject *o, int feature)
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Return true if the type object *o* sets the feature *feature*. Type features
are denoted by single bit flags.
.. c:function:: int PyType_IS_GC(PyTypeObject *o)
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Return true if the type object includes support for the cycle detector; this
tests the type flag :const:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC`.
.. c:function:: int PyType_IsSubtype(PyTypeObject *a, PyTypeObject *b)
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Return true if *a* is a subtype of *b*.
This function only checks for actual subtypes, which means that
:meth:`~class.__subclasscheck__` is not called on *b*. Call
:c:func:`PyObject_IsSubclass` to do the same check that :func:`issubclass`
would do.
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.. c:function:: PyObject* PyType_GenericAlloc(PyTypeObject *type, Py_ssize_t nitems)
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Generic handler for the :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_alloc` slot of a type object. Use
Python's default memory allocation mechanism to allocate a new instance and
initialize all its contents to *NULL*.
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.. c:function:: PyObject* PyType_GenericNew(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
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Generic handler for the :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_new` slot of a type object. Create a
new instance using the type's :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_alloc` slot.
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.. c:function:: int PyType_Ready(PyTypeObject *type)
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Finalize a type object. This should be called on all type objects to finish
their initialization. This function is responsible for adding inherited slots
from a type's base class. Return ``0`` on success, or return ``-1`` and sets an
exception on error.
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.. c:function:: PyObject* PyType_FromSpec(PyType_Spec *spec)
Creates and returns a heap type object from the *spec* passed to the function.
.. c:function:: PyObject* PyType_FromSpecWithBases(PyType_Spec *spec, PyObject *bases)
Creates and returns a heap type object from the *spec*. In addition to that,
the created heap type contains all types contained by the *bases* tuple as base
types. This allows the caller to reference other heap types as base types.
.. versionadded:: 3.3
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.. c:function:: void* PyType_GetSlot(PyTypeObject *type, int slot)
Return the function pointer stored in the given slot. If the
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result is *NULL*, this indicates that either the slot is *NULL*,
or that the function was called with invalid parameters.
Callers will typically cast the result pointer into the appropriate
function type.
.. versionadded:: 3.4