cpython/Lib/test/test_scope.py

from test.test_support import verify, TestFailed

print "1. simple nesting"

def make_adder(x):
    def adder(y):
        return x + y
    return adder

inc = make_adder(1)
plus10 = make_adder(10)

verify(inc(1) == 2)
verify(plus10(-2) == 8)

print "2. extra nesting"

def make_adder2(x):
    def extra(): # check freevars passing through non-use scopes
        def adder(y):
            return x + y
        return adder
    return extra()

inc = make_adder2(1)
plus10 = make_adder2(10)

verify(inc(1) == 2)
verify(plus10(-2) == 8)

print "3. simple nesting + rebinding"

def make_adder3(x):
    def adder(y):
        return x + y
    x = x + 1 # check tracking of assignment to x in defining scope
    return adder

inc = make_adder3(0)
plus10 = make_adder3(9)

verify(inc(1) == 2)
verify(plus10(-2) == 8)

print "4. nesting with global but no free"

def make_adder4(): # XXX add exta level of indirection
    def nest():
        def nest():
            def adder(y):
                return global_x + y # check that plain old globals work
            return adder
        return nest()
    return nest()

global_x = 1
adder = make_adder4()
verify(adder(1) == 2)

global_x = 10
verify(adder(-2) == 8)

print "5. nesting through class"

def make_adder5(x):
    class Adder:
        def __call__(self, y):
            return x + y
    return Adder()

inc = make_adder5(1)
plus10 = make_adder5(10)

verify(inc(1) == 2)
verify(plus10(-2) == 8)

print "6. nesting plus free ref to global"

def make_adder6(x):
    global global_nest_x
    def adder(y):
        return global_nest_x + y
    global_nest_x = x
    return adder

inc = make_adder6(1)
plus10 = make_adder6(10)

verify(inc(1) == 11) # there's only one global
verify(plus10(-2) == 8)

print "7. nearest enclosing scope"

def f(x):
    def g(y):
        x = 42 # check that this masks binding in f()
        def h(z):
            return x + z
        return h
    return g(2)

test_func = f(10)
verify(test_func(5) == 47)

print "8. mixed freevars and cellvars"

def identity(x):
	return x

def f(x, y, z):
    def g(a, b, c):
        a = a + x # 3
        def h():
	    # z * (4 + 9)
	    # 3 * 13
            return identity(z * (b + y))
        y = c + z # 9
        return h
    return g

g = f(1, 2, 3)
h = g(2, 4, 6)
verify(h() == 39) 

print "9. free variable in method"

def test():
    method_and_var = "var"
    class Test:
        def method_and_var(self):
            return "method"
        def test(self):
            return method_and_var
        def actual_global(self):
            return str("global")
        def str(self):
            return str(self)
    return Test()

t = test()
verify(t.test() == "var")
verify(t.method_and_var() == "method")
verify(t.actual_global() == "global")

method_and_var = "var"
class Test:
    # this class is not nested, so the rules are different
    def method_and_var(self):
        return "method"
    def test(self):
        return method_and_var
    def actual_global(self):
        return str("global")
    def str(self):
        return str(self)

t = Test()
verify(t.test() == "var")
verify(t.method_and_var() == "method")
verify(t.actual_global() == "global")

print "10. recursion"

def f(x):
    def fact(n):
        if n == 0:
            return 1
        else:
            return n * fact(n - 1)
    if x >= 0:
        return fact(x)
    else:
        raise ValueError, "x must be >= 0"

verify(f(6) == 720)


print "11. unoptimized namespaces"

def check_syntax(s):
    try:
        compile(s, '?', 'exec')
    except SyntaxError:
        pass
    else:
        raise TestFailed

# XXX for now, it is easiest to call this a syntax error:
# explicit is better than implicit...
test1 = \
"""def unoptimized_clash1(strip):
    def f(s):
        from string import *
        return strip(s) # ambiguity: free or local
    return f
"""
check_syntax(test1)

# a little harder to reject this one, but possible...
test2 = \
"""def unoptimized_clash2():
    from string import *
    def f(s):
        return strip(s) # ambiguity: global or local
    return f
"""
# check_syntax(test2)

# XXX could allow this for exec with const argument, but what's the point 
test3 = \
"""def error(y):
    exec "a = 1"
    def f(x):
        return x + y
    return f
"""
check_syntax(test3)

test4 = \
"""def f(x):
    def g():
        return x
    del x
"""
check_syntax(test4)

print "12. lambdas"

f1 = lambda x: lambda y: x + y
inc = f1(1)
plus10 = f1(10)
verify(inc(1) == 2)
verify(plus10(5) == 15)

f2 = lambda x: (lambda : lambda y: x + y)()
inc = f2(1)
plus10 = f2(10)
verify(inc(1) == 2)
verify(plus10(5) == 15)

f3 = lambda x: lambda y: global_x + y
global_x = 1
inc = f3(None)
verify(inc(2) == 3)

f8 = lambda x, y, z: lambda a, b, c: lambda : z * (b + y)
g = f8(1, 2, 3)
h = g(2, 4, 6)
verify(h() == 18)

print "13. UnboundLocal"

def errorInOuter():
    print y
    def inner():
        return y
    y = 1

def errorInInner():
    def inner():
        return y
    inner()
    y = 1

try:
    errorInOuter()
except UnboundLocalError:
    pass
else:
    raise TestFailed

try:
    errorInInner()
except UnboundLocalError:
    pass
else:
    raise TestFailed