cpython/Lib/collections.py

__all__ = ['deque', 'defaultdict', 'named_tuple']

from _collections import deque, defaultdict
from operator import itemgetter as _itemgetter
import sys as _sys

def named_tuple(typename, field_names, verbose=False):
    """Returns a new subclass of tuple with named fields.

    >>> Point = named_tuple('Point', 'x y')
    >>> Point.__doc__                   # docstring for the new class
    'Point(x, y)'
    >>> p = Point(11, y=22)             # instantiate with positional args or keywords
    >>> p[0] + p[1]                     # works just like the tuple (11, 22)
    33
    >>> x, y = p                        # unpacks just like a tuple
    >>> x, y
    (11, 22)
    >>> p.x + p.y                       # fields also accessable by name
    33
    >>> d = p.__asdict__()              # convert to a dictionary
    >>> d['x']
    11
    >>> Point(**d)                      # convert from a dictionary
    Point(x=11, y=22)
    >>> p.__replace__('x', 100)         # __replace__() is like str.replace() but targets a named field
    Point(x=100, y=22)

    """

    # Parse and validate the field names
    if isinstance(field_names, basestring):
        field_names = field_names.replace(',', ' ').split() # names separated by whitespace and/or commas
    field_names = tuple(field_names)
    if not ''.join((typename,) + field_names).replace('_', '').isalnum():
        raise ValueError('Type names and field names can only contain alphanumeric characters and underscores')
    seen_names = set()
    for name in field_names:
        if name.startswith('__') and name.endswith('__'):
            raise ValueError('Field names cannot start and end with double underscores: %s' % name)
        if name[:1].isdigit():
            raise ValueError('Field names cannot start with a number: %s' % name)
        if name in seen_names:
            raise ValueError('Encountered duplicate field name: %s' % name)
        seen_names.add(name)

    # Create and fill-in the class template
    argtxt = repr(field_names).replace("'", "")[1:-1]   # tuple repr without parens or quotes
    reprtxt = ', '.join('%s=%%r' % name for name in field_names)
    template = '''class %(typename)s(tuple):
        '%(typename)s(%(argtxt)s)'
        __slots__ = ()
        __fields__ = %(field_names)r
        def __new__(cls, %(argtxt)s):
            return tuple.__new__(cls, (%(argtxt)s))
        def __repr__(self):
            return '%(typename)s(%(reprtxt)s)' %% self
        def __asdict__(self, dict=dict, zip=zip):
            'Return a new dict mapping field names to their values'
            return dict(zip(%(field_names)r, self))
        def __replace__(self, field, value, dict=dict, zip=zip):
            'Return a new %(typename)s object replacing one field with a new value'
            return %(typename)s(**dict(zip(%(field_names)r, self) + [(field, value)]))  \n''' % locals()
    for i, name in enumerate(field_names):
        template += '        %s = property(itemgetter(%d))\n' % (name, i)
    if verbose:
        print template

    # Execute the template string in a temporary namespace
    namespace = dict(itemgetter=_itemgetter)
    try:
        exec template in namespace
    except SyntaxError, e:
        raise SyntaxError(e.message + ':\n' + template)
    result = namespace[typename]

    # For pickling to work, the __module__ variable needs to be set to the frame
    # where the named tuple is created.  Bypass this step in enviroments where
    # sys._getframe is not defined (Jython for example).
    if hasattr(_sys, '_getframe'):
        result.__module__ = _sys._getframe(1).f_globals['__name__']

    return result






if __name__ == '__main__':
    # verify that instances can be pickled
    from cPickle import loads, dumps
    Point = named_tuple('Point', 'x, y', True)
    p = Point(x=10, y=20)
    assert p == loads(dumps(p))

    import doctest
    TestResults = named_tuple('TestResults', 'failed attempted')
    print TestResults(*doctest.testmod())