cpython/Doc/library/index.rst

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.. _library-index:
###############################
The Python Standard Library
###############################
:Release: |version|
:Date: |today|
Merged revisions 66394,66404,66412,66414,66424-66436 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r66394 | benjamin.peterson | 2008-09-11 17:04:02 -0500 (Thu, 11 Sep 2008) | 1 line fix typo ........ r66404 | gerhard.haering | 2008-09-12 08:54:06 -0500 (Fri, 12 Sep 2008) | 2 lines sqlite3 module: Mark iterdump() method as "Non-standard" like all the other methods not found in DB-API. ........ r66412 | gerhard.haering | 2008-09-12 13:58:57 -0500 (Fri, 12 Sep 2008) | 2 lines Fixes issue #3103. In the sqlite3 module, made one more function static. All renaming public symbos now have the pysqlite prefix to avoid name clashes. This at least once created problems where the same symbol name appeared somewhere in Apache and the sqlite3 module was used from mod_python. ........ r66414 | gerhard.haering | 2008-09-12 17:33:22 -0500 (Fri, 12 Sep 2008) | 2 lines Issue #3846: Release GIL during calls to sqlite3_prepare. This improves concurrent access to the same database file from multiple threads/processes. ........ r66424 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-09-12 20:22:08 -0500 (Fri, 12 Sep 2008) | 1 line #687648 from Robert Schuppenies: use classic division. (RM Barry gave permission to update the demos.) ........ r66425 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-09-12 20:27:33 -0500 (Fri, 12 Sep 2008) | 1 line #687648 from Robert Schuppenies: use classic division. From me: don't use string exception; flush stdout after printing ........ r66426 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-09-12 20:34:41 -0500 (Fri, 12 Sep 2008) | 1 line #687648 from Robert Schuppenies: use classic division. From me: don't use string exception; add __main__ section ........ r66427 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-09-12 20:42:55 -0500 (Fri, 12 Sep 2008) | 1 line #687648 from Robert Schuppenies: use classic division. From me: remove two stray semicolons ........ r66428 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-09-12 20:43:28 -0500 (Fri, 12 Sep 2008) | 1 line #687648 from Robert Schuppenies: use classic division. ........ r66429 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-09-12 20:47:02 -0500 (Fri, 12 Sep 2008) | 1 line Remove semicolon ........ r66430 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-09-12 20:48:36 -0500 (Fri, 12 Sep 2008) | 1 line Subclass exception ........ r66431 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-09-12 20:56:56 -0500 (Fri, 12 Sep 2008) | 1 line Fix SyntaxError ........ r66432 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-09-12 20:57:25 -0500 (Fri, 12 Sep 2008) | 1 line Update uses of string exceptions ........ r66433 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-09-12 21:08:30 -0500 (Fri, 12 Sep 2008) | 1 line Use title case ........ r66434 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-09-12 21:09:15 -0500 (Fri, 12 Sep 2008) | 1 line Remove extra 'the'; the following title includes it ........ r66435 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-09-12 21:11:51 -0500 (Fri, 12 Sep 2008) | 1 line #3288: Document as_integer_ratio ........ r66436 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-09-12 21:14:15 -0500 (Fri, 12 Sep 2008) | 1 line Use title case ........
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While :ref:`reference-index` describes the exact syntax and
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semantics of the Python language, this library reference manual
describes the standard library that is distributed with Python. It also
describes some of the optional components that are commonly included
in Python distributions.
Python's standard library is very extensive, offering a wide range of
facilities as indicated by the long table of contents listed below. The
library contains built-in modules (written in C) that provide access to
system functionality such as file I/O that would otherwise be
inaccessible to Python programmers, as well as modules written in Python
that provide standardized solutions for many problems that occur in
everyday programming. Some of these modules are explicitly designed to
encourage and enhance the portability of Python programs by abstracting
away platform-specifics into platform-neutral APIs.
The Python installers for the Windows platform usually includes
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the entire standard library and often also include many additional
components. For Unix-like operating systems Python is normally provided
as a collection of packages, so it may be necessary to use the packaging
tools provided with the operating system to obtain some or all of the
optional components.
In addition to the standard library, there is a growing collection of
Merged revisions 62194,62197-62198,62204-62205,62214,62219-62221,62227,62229-62231,62233-62235,62237-62239 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r62194 | jeffrey.yasskin | 2008-04-07 01:04:28 +0200 (Mon, 07 Apr 2008) | 7 lines Add enough debugging information to diagnose failures where the HandlerBException is ignored, and fix one such problem, where it was thrown during the __del__ method of the previous Popen object. We may want to find a better way of printing verbose information so it's not spammy when the test passes. ........ r62197 | mark.hammond | 2008-04-07 03:53:39 +0200 (Mon, 07 Apr 2008) | 2 lines Issue #2513: enable 64bit cross compilation on windows. ........ r62198 | mark.hammond | 2008-04-07 03:59:40 +0200 (Mon, 07 Apr 2008) | 2 lines correct heading underline for new "Cross-compiling on Windows" section ........ r62204 | gregory.p.smith | 2008-04-07 08:33:21 +0200 (Mon, 07 Apr 2008) | 4 lines Use the new PyFile_IncUseCount & PyFile_DecUseCount calls appropriatly within the standard library. These modules use PyFile_AsFile and later release the GIL while operating on the previously returned FILE*. ........ r62205 | mark.summerfield | 2008-04-07 09:39:23 +0200 (Mon, 07 Apr 2008) | 4 lines changed "2500 components" to "several thousand" since the number keeps growning:-) ........ r62214 | georg.brandl | 2008-04-07 20:51:59 +0200 (Mon, 07 Apr 2008) | 2 lines #2525: update timezone info examples in the docs. ........ r62219 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-04-08 01:57:07 +0200 (Tue, 08 Apr 2008) | 1 line Write PEP 3127 section; add items ........ r62220 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-04-08 01:57:21 +0200 (Tue, 08 Apr 2008) | 1 line Typo fix ........ r62221 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-04-08 03:33:10 +0200 (Tue, 08 Apr 2008) | 1 line Typographical fix: 32bit -> 32-bit, 64bit -> 64-bit ........ r62227 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-04-08 23:22:53 +0200 (Tue, 08 Apr 2008) | 1 line Add items ........ r62229 | amaury.forgeotdarc | 2008-04-08 23:27:42 +0200 (Tue, 08 Apr 2008) | 7 lines Issue2564: Prevent a hang in "import test.autotest", which runs the entire test suite as a side-effect of importing the module. - in test_capi, a thread tried to import other modules - re.compile() imported sre_parse again on every call. ........ r62230 | amaury.forgeotdarc | 2008-04-08 23:51:57 +0200 (Tue, 08 Apr 2008) | 2 lines Prevent an error when inspect.isabstract() is called with something else than a new-style class. ........ r62231 | amaury.forgeotdarc | 2008-04-09 00:07:05 +0200 (Wed, 09 Apr 2008) | 8 lines Issue 2408: remove the _types module It was only used as a helper in types.py to access types (GetSetDescriptorType and MemberDescriptorType), when they can easily be obtained with python code. These expressions even work with Jython. I don't know what the future of the types module is; (cf. discussion in http://bugs.python.org/issue1605 ) at least this change makes it simpler. ........ r62233 | amaury.forgeotdarc | 2008-04-09 01:10:07 +0200 (Wed, 09 Apr 2008) | 2 lines Add a NEWS entry for previous checkin ........ r62234 | trent.nelson | 2008-04-09 01:47:30 +0200 (Wed, 09 Apr 2008) | 37 lines - Issue #2550: The approach used by client/server code for obtaining ports to listen on in network-oriented tests has been refined in an effort to facilitate running multiple instances of the entire regression test suite in parallel without issue. test_support.bind_port() has been fixed such that it will always return a unique port -- which wasn't always the case with the previous implementation, especially if socket options had been set that affected address reuse (i.e. SO_REUSEADDR, SO_REUSEPORT). The new implementation of bind_port() will actually raise an exception if it is passed an AF_INET/SOCK_STREAM socket with either the SO_REUSEADDR or SO_REUSEPORT socket option set. Furthermore, if available, bind_port() will set the SO_EXCLUSIVEADDRUSE option on the socket it's been passed. This currently only applies to Windows. This option prevents any other sockets from binding to the host/port we've bound to, thus removing the possibility of the 'non-deterministic' behaviour, as Microsoft puts it, that occurs when a second SOCK_STREAM socket binds and accepts to a host/port that's already been bound by another socket. The optional preferred port parameter to bind_port() has been removed. Under no circumstances should tests be hard coding ports! test_support.find_unused_port() has also been introduced, which will pass a temporary socket object to bind_port() in order to obtain an unused port. The temporary socket object is then closed and deleted, and the port is returned. This method should only be used for obtaining an unused port in order to pass to an external program (i.e. the -accept [port] argument to openssl's s_server mode) or as a parameter to a server-oriented class that doesn't give you direct access to the underlying socket used. Finally, test_support.HOST has been introduced, which should be used for the host argument of any relevant socket calls (i.e. bind and connect). The following tests were updated to following the new conventions: test_socket, test_smtplib, test_asyncore, test_ssl, test_httplib, test_poplib, test_ftplib, test_telnetlib, test_socketserver, test_asynchat and test_socket_ssl. It is now possible for multiple instances of the regression test suite to run in parallel without issue. ........ r62235 | gregory.p.smith | 2008-04-09 02:25:17 +0200 (Wed, 09 Apr 2008) | 3 lines Fix zlib crash from zlib.decompressobj().flush(val) when val was not positive. It tried to allocate negative or zero memory. That fails. ........ r62237 | trent.nelson | 2008-04-09 02:34:53 +0200 (Wed, 09 Apr 2008) | 1 line Fix typo with regards to self.PORT shadowing class variables with the same name. ........ r62238 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-04-09 03:08:32 +0200 (Wed, 09 Apr 2008) | 1 line Add items ........ r62239 | jerry.seutter | 2008-04-09 07:07:58 +0200 (Wed, 09 Apr 2008) | 1 line Changed test so it no longer runs as a side effect of importing. ........
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several thousand components (from individual programs and modules to
packages and entire application development frameworks), available from
the `Python Package Index <http://pypi.python.org/pypi>`_.
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.. toctree::
:maxdepth: 2
Merged revisions 70578,70599,70641-70642,70650,70660-70661,70674,70691,70697-70698,70700,70704 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r70578 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-03-23 22:24:56 -0500 (Mon, 23 Mar 2009) | 1 line this is better written using assertRaises ........ r70599 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-03-25 16:42:51 -0500 (Wed, 25 Mar 2009) | 1 line this can be slightly less ugly ........ r70641 | guilherme.polo | 2009-03-27 16:43:08 -0500 (Fri, 27 Mar 2009) | 3 lines Adjusted _tkinter to compile without warnings when WITH_THREAD is not defined (part of issue #5035) ........ r70642 | georg.brandl | 2009-03-27 19:48:48 -0500 (Fri, 27 Mar 2009) | 1 line Fix typo. ........ r70650 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-03-28 14:16:10 -0500 (Sat, 28 Mar 2009) | 1 line give os.symlink and os.link() better parameter names #5564 ........ r70660 | georg.brandl | 2009-03-28 14:52:58 -0500 (Sat, 28 Mar 2009) | 1 line Switch to fixed Sphinx version. ........ r70661 | georg.brandl | 2009-03-28 14:57:36 -0500 (Sat, 28 Mar 2009) | 2 lines Add section numbering to some of the larger subdocuments. ........ r70674 | guilherme.polo | 2009-03-29 05:19:05 -0500 (Sun, 29 Mar 2009) | 1 line Typo fix. ........ r70691 | raymond.hettinger | 2009-03-29 13:51:11 -0500 (Sun, 29 Mar 2009) | 1 line Make life easier for non-CPython implementations. ........ r70697 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-03-29 16:22:35 -0500 (Sun, 29 Mar 2009) | 1 line this has been fixed since 2.6 (I love removing these) ........ r70698 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-03-29 16:31:05 -0500 (Sun, 29 Mar 2009) | 1 line thanks to guido's bytecode verifier, this is fixed ........ r70700 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-03-29 16:50:14 -0500 (Sun, 29 Mar 2009) | 1 line use the awesome new status iterator ........ r70704 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-03-29 21:49:32 -0500 (Sun, 29 Mar 2009) | 1 line there's actually three methods here #5600 ........
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:numbered:
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intro.rst
functions.rst
constants.rst
objects.rst
stdtypes.rst
exceptions.rst
strings.rst
datatypes.rst
numeric.rst
filesys.rst
persistence.rst
archiving.rst
fileformats.rst
crypto.rst
allos.rst
someos.rst
ipc.rst
netdata.rst
markup.rst
internet.rst
mm.rst
i18n.rst
frameworks.rst
tk.rst
development.rst
debug.rst
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python.rst
custominterp.rst
modules.rst
language.rst
misc.rst
windows.rst
unix.rst
undoc.rst