cpython/Doc/library/tarfile.rst

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:mod:`tarfile` --- Read and write tar archive files
===================================================
.. module:: tarfile
:synopsis: Read and write tar-format archive files.
.. moduleauthor:: Lars Gustäbel <lars@gustaebel.de>
.. sectionauthor:: Lars Gustäbel <lars@gustaebel.de>
Merged revisions 58817-58861 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r58822 | brett.cannon | 2007-11-02 23:47:02 -0700 (Fri, 02 Nov 2007) | 2 lines Add a missing quotation mark. ........ r58840 | skip.montanaro | 2007-11-04 07:56:52 -0800 (Sun, 04 Nov 2007) | 2 lines Note change to get_dialect semantics in 2.5. Will backport to 2.5. ........ r58844 | georg.brandl | 2007-11-04 09:43:49 -0800 (Sun, 04 Nov 2007) | 2 lines Fix syntax for versionchanged markup. ........ r58850 | gregory.p.smith | 2007-11-04 18:32:26 -0800 (Sun, 04 Nov 2007) | 9 lines Fixes bug 477182 on pybsddb.sf.net. DB objects now load the flags and pay attention to them when opening an existing database. This means that d[] behaves properly even on databases previously created with DB_DUP or DB_DUPSORT flags to allow duplicate keys. http://sourceforge.net/tracker/index.php?func=detail&aid=477182&group_id=13900&atid=113900 Do not backport, this bugfix could be considered an API change. ........ r58851 | gregory.p.smith | 2007-11-04 18:56:31 -0800 (Sun, 04 Nov 2007) | 3 lines Add the bsddb.db.DBEnv.lock_id_free method. Improve test_lock's tempdir creation and cleanup. ........ r58852 | gregory.p.smith | 2007-11-05 01:06:28 -0800 (Mon, 05 Nov 2007) | 3 lines * db->get_types is only available in BerkeleyDB >= 4.2 * get compiling with older versions of python again for a stand alone release. ........ r58853 | gregory.p.smith | 2007-11-05 01:07:40 -0800 (Mon, 05 Nov 2007) | 2 lines * db->get_flags is only available in BerkeleyDB >= 4.2 ........ r58854 | mark.summerfield | 2007-11-05 01:22:48 -0800 (Mon, 05 Nov 2007) | 3 lines Added cross-references between the various archive file formats. ........ r58857 | mark.summerfield | 2007-11-05 06:38:50 -0800 (Mon, 05 Nov 2007) | 5 lines Clarified the fact that you can have comments for individual archive members even though comments to the archive itself aren't currently supported. ........
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The :mod:`tarfile` module makes it possible to read and write tar
archives, including those using gzip or bz2 compression.
Merged revisions 59376-59406 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r59377 | georg.brandl | 2007-12-06 01:24:23 +0100 (Thu, 06 Dec 2007) | 2 lines Add another GHOP student to ACKS. ........ r59378 | raymond.hettinger | 2007-12-06 01:56:53 +0100 (Thu, 06 Dec 2007) | 5 lines Fix Issue 1045. Factor-out common calling code by simplifying the length_hint API. Speed-up the function by caching the PyObject_String for the attribute lookup. ........ r59380 | georg.brandl | 2007-12-06 02:52:24 +0100 (Thu, 06 Dec 2007) | 2 lines Diverse markup fixes. ........ r59383 | georg.brandl | 2007-12-06 10:45:39 +0100 (Thu, 06 Dec 2007) | 2 lines Better re.split examples. ........ r59386 | christian.heimes | 2007-12-06 14:15:13 +0100 (Thu, 06 Dec 2007) | 2 lines Fixed get_config_h_filename for Windows. Without the patch it can't find the pyconfig.h file inside a build tree. Added several small unit tests for sysconfig. ........ r59387 | christian.heimes | 2007-12-06 14:30:11 +0100 (Thu, 06 Dec 2007) | 1 line Silence more warnings, _CRT_NONSTDC_NO_DEPRECATE is already defined in pyconfig.h but several projects don't include it. ........ r59389 | christian.heimes | 2007-12-06 14:55:01 +0100 (Thu, 06 Dec 2007) | 1 line Disabled one test that is failing on Unix ........ r59399 | christian.heimes | 2007-12-06 22:13:06 +0100 (Thu, 06 Dec 2007) | 8 lines Several Windows related cleanups: * Removed a #define from pyconfig.h. The macro was already defined a few lines higher. * Fixed path to tix in the build_tkinter.py script * Changed make_buildinfo.c to use versions of unlink and strcat which are considered safe by Windows (as suggested by MvL). * Removed two defines from pyproject.vsprops that are no longer required. Both are defined in pyconfig.h and make_buildinfo.c doesn't use the unsafe versions any more (as suggested by MvL). * Added some more information about PGO and the property files to PCbuild9/readme.txt. Are you fine with the changes, Martin? ........ r59400 | raymond.hettinger | 2007-12-07 02:53:01 +0100 (Fri, 07 Dec 2007) | 4 lines Don't have the docs berate themselves. Keep a professional tone. If a todo is needed, put it in the tracker. ........ r59402 | georg.brandl | 2007-12-07 10:07:10 +0100 (Fri, 07 Dec 2007) | 3 lines Increase unit test coverage of SimpleXMLRPCServer. Written for GHOP by Turkay Eren. ........ r59406 | georg.brandl | 2007-12-07 16:16:57 +0100 (Fri, 07 Dec 2007) | 2 lines Update to windows doc from Robert. ........
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(:file:`.zip` files can be read and written using the :mod:`zipfile` module.)
Merged revisions 58817-58861 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r58822 | brett.cannon | 2007-11-02 23:47:02 -0700 (Fri, 02 Nov 2007) | 2 lines Add a missing quotation mark. ........ r58840 | skip.montanaro | 2007-11-04 07:56:52 -0800 (Sun, 04 Nov 2007) | 2 lines Note change to get_dialect semantics in 2.5. Will backport to 2.5. ........ r58844 | georg.brandl | 2007-11-04 09:43:49 -0800 (Sun, 04 Nov 2007) | 2 lines Fix syntax for versionchanged markup. ........ r58850 | gregory.p.smith | 2007-11-04 18:32:26 -0800 (Sun, 04 Nov 2007) | 9 lines Fixes bug 477182 on pybsddb.sf.net. DB objects now load the flags and pay attention to them when opening an existing database. This means that d[] behaves properly even on databases previously created with DB_DUP or DB_DUPSORT flags to allow duplicate keys. http://sourceforge.net/tracker/index.php?func=detail&aid=477182&group_id=13900&atid=113900 Do not backport, this bugfix could be considered an API change. ........ r58851 | gregory.p.smith | 2007-11-04 18:56:31 -0800 (Sun, 04 Nov 2007) | 3 lines Add the bsddb.db.DBEnv.lock_id_free method. Improve test_lock's tempdir creation and cleanup. ........ r58852 | gregory.p.smith | 2007-11-05 01:06:28 -0800 (Mon, 05 Nov 2007) | 3 lines * db->get_types is only available in BerkeleyDB >= 4.2 * get compiling with older versions of python again for a stand alone release. ........ r58853 | gregory.p.smith | 2007-11-05 01:07:40 -0800 (Mon, 05 Nov 2007) | 2 lines * db->get_flags is only available in BerkeleyDB >= 4.2 ........ r58854 | mark.summerfield | 2007-11-05 01:22:48 -0800 (Mon, 05 Nov 2007) | 3 lines Added cross-references between the various archive file formats. ........ r58857 | mark.summerfield | 2007-11-05 06:38:50 -0800 (Mon, 05 Nov 2007) | 5 lines Clarified the fact that you can have comments for individual archive members even though comments to the archive itself aren't currently supported. ........
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Some facts and figures:
Merged revisions 58817-58861 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r58822 | brett.cannon | 2007-11-02 23:47:02 -0700 (Fri, 02 Nov 2007) | 2 lines Add a missing quotation mark. ........ r58840 | skip.montanaro | 2007-11-04 07:56:52 -0800 (Sun, 04 Nov 2007) | 2 lines Note change to get_dialect semantics in 2.5. Will backport to 2.5. ........ r58844 | georg.brandl | 2007-11-04 09:43:49 -0800 (Sun, 04 Nov 2007) | 2 lines Fix syntax for versionchanged markup. ........ r58850 | gregory.p.smith | 2007-11-04 18:32:26 -0800 (Sun, 04 Nov 2007) | 9 lines Fixes bug 477182 on pybsddb.sf.net. DB objects now load the flags and pay attention to them when opening an existing database. This means that d[] behaves properly even on databases previously created with DB_DUP or DB_DUPSORT flags to allow duplicate keys. http://sourceforge.net/tracker/index.php?func=detail&aid=477182&group_id=13900&atid=113900 Do not backport, this bugfix could be considered an API change. ........ r58851 | gregory.p.smith | 2007-11-04 18:56:31 -0800 (Sun, 04 Nov 2007) | 3 lines Add the bsddb.db.DBEnv.lock_id_free method. Improve test_lock's tempdir creation and cleanup. ........ r58852 | gregory.p.smith | 2007-11-05 01:06:28 -0800 (Mon, 05 Nov 2007) | 3 lines * db->get_types is only available in BerkeleyDB >= 4.2 * get compiling with older versions of python again for a stand alone release. ........ r58853 | gregory.p.smith | 2007-11-05 01:07:40 -0800 (Mon, 05 Nov 2007) | 2 lines * db->get_flags is only available in BerkeleyDB >= 4.2 ........ r58854 | mark.summerfield | 2007-11-05 01:22:48 -0800 (Mon, 05 Nov 2007) | 3 lines Added cross-references between the various archive file formats. ........ r58857 | mark.summerfield | 2007-11-05 06:38:50 -0800 (Mon, 05 Nov 2007) | 5 lines Clarified the fact that you can have comments for individual archive members even though comments to the archive itself aren't currently supported. ........
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* reads and writes :mod:`gzip` and :mod:`bz2` compressed archives.
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* read/write support for the POSIX.1-1988 (ustar) format.
* read/write support for the GNU tar format including *longname* and *longlink*
extensions, read-only support for the *sparse* extension.
* read/write support for the POSIX.1-2001 (pax) format.
* handles directories, regular files, hardlinks, symbolic links, fifos,
character devices and block devices and is able to acquire and restore file
information like timestamp, access permissions and owner.
Merged revisions 63402,63405,63411,63457,63467-63468,63480,63507-63508,63516,63534,63541 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r63402 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-05-16 23:13:36 -0500 (Fri, 16 May 2008) | 1 line Fix-up docstring ........ r63405 | gregory.p.smith | 2008-05-17 02:17:34 -0500 (Sat, 17 May 2008) | 3 lines fix issue2381: test_subprocess fails if your sys.executable is on a path with a space in it. ........ r63411 | lars.gustaebel | 2008-05-17 11:50:22 -0500 (Sat, 17 May 2008) | 8 lines Replace signatures with optional arguments in square brackets with keyword arguments and the actual default values. Fix references that point nowhere or to the wrong place. Add description of the ENCODING module-level variable. Fix the URL pointing to the GNU tar manual. Remove two obsolete examples. Add an example on how to use a generator with TarFile.extractall(). ........ r63457 | ronald.oussoren | 2008-05-18 15:09:54 -0500 (Sun, 18 May 2008) | 9 lines MacOSX: ctypes annotation in implementation of getproxies_macosx_sysconf getproxies_macosx_sysconf uses ctypes to call SystemConfiguration APIs. This checkin adds ctypes annotation to specify the right argument types for the API's that are used. This is needed to be able to use urllib on a 64-bit system, without annotations you'd get a hard crash. ........ r63467 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-05-18 22:03:46 -0500 (Sun, 18 May 2008) | 1 line Re-organize the increasingly long list of deprecated modules ........ r63468 | benjamin.peterson | 2008-05-19 06:55:54 -0500 (Mon, 19 May 2008) | 2 lines just MacOS (instead of MacOS 9) ........ r63480 | neal.norwitz | 2008-05-20 00:21:57 -0500 (Tue, 20 May 2008) | 1 line Add html package so it gets installed and more tests work (from installed copy) ........ r63507 | vinay.sajip | 2008-05-20 10:34:36 -0500 (Tue, 20 May 2008) | 1 line Fixed: #2914 (RFE for UTC support in TimedRotatingFileHandler) and #2929 (wrong filename used to delete old log files). ........ r63508 | vinay.sajip | 2008-05-20 10:37:22 -0500 (Tue, 20 May 2008) | 1 line Updated with fixes for #2914 and #2929. ........ r63516 | martin.v.loewis | 2008-05-21 02:31:31 -0500 (Wed, 21 May 2008) | 2 lines Add Robert Schuppenies. ........ r63534 | brett.cannon | 2008-05-21 22:18:35 -0500 (Wed, 21 May 2008) | 1 line Add Quentin Gallet-Gilles for (at least) a fixer for markupbase. ........ r63541 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-05-22 19:49:27 -0500 (Thu, 22 May 2008) | 1 line Docs for Issue 2819. ........
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.. function:: open(name=None, mode='r', fileobj=None, bufsize=10240, \*\*kwargs)
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Return a :class:`TarFile` object for the pathname *name*. For detailed
information on :class:`TarFile` objects and the keyword arguments that are
allowed, see :ref:`tarfile-objects`.
*mode* has to be a string of the form ``'filemode[:compression]'``, it defaults
to ``'r'``. Here is a full list of mode combinations:
+------------------+---------------------------------------------+
| mode | action |
+==================+=============================================+
| ``'r' or 'r:*'`` | Open for reading with transparent |
| | compression (recommended). |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------+
| ``'r:'`` | Open for reading exclusively without |
| | compression. |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------+
| ``'r:gz'`` | Open for reading with gzip compression. |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------+
| ``'r:bz2'`` | Open for reading with bzip2 compression. |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------+
| ``'a' or 'a:'`` | Open for appending with no compression. The |
| | file is created if it does not exist. |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------+
| ``'w' or 'w:'`` | Open for uncompressed writing. |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------+
| ``'w:gz'`` | Open for gzip compressed writing. |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------+
| ``'w:bz2'`` | Open for bzip2 compressed writing. |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------+
Note that ``'a:gz'`` or ``'a:bz2'`` is not possible. If *mode* is not suitable
to open a certain (compressed) file for reading, :exc:`ReadError` is raised. Use
*mode* ``'r'`` to avoid this. If a compression method is not supported,
:exc:`CompressionError` is raised.
If *fileobj* is specified, it is used as an alternative to a file object opened
for *name*. It is supposed to be at position 0.
For special purposes, there is a second format for *mode*:
Merged revisions 63402,63405,63411,63457,63467-63468,63480,63507-63508,63516,63534,63541 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r63402 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-05-16 23:13:36 -0500 (Fri, 16 May 2008) | 1 line Fix-up docstring ........ r63405 | gregory.p.smith | 2008-05-17 02:17:34 -0500 (Sat, 17 May 2008) | 3 lines fix issue2381: test_subprocess fails if your sys.executable is on a path with a space in it. ........ r63411 | lars.gustaebel | 2008-05-17 11:50:22 -0500 (Sat, 17 May 2008) | 8 lines Replace signatures with optional arguments in square brackets with keyword arguments and the actual default values. Fix references that point nowhere or to the wrong place. Add description of the ENCODING module-level variable. Fix the URL pointing to the GNU tar manual. Remove two obsolete examples. Add an example on how to use a generator with TarFile.extractall(). ........ r63457 | ronald.oussoren | 2008-05-18 15:09:54 -0500 (Sun, 18 May 2008) | 9 lines MacOSX: ctypes annotation in implementation of getproxies_macosx_sysconf getproxies_macosx_sysconf uses ctypes to call SystemConfiguration APIs. This checkin adds ctypes annotation to specify the right argument types for the API's that are used. This is needed to be able to use urllib on a 64-bit system, without annotations you'd get a hard crash. ........ r63467 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-05-18 22:03:46 -0500 (Sun, 18 May 2008) | 1 line Re-organize the increasingly long list of deprecated modules ........ r63468 | benjamin.peterson | 2008-05-19 06:55:54 -0500 (Mon, 19 May 2008) | 2 lines just MacOS (instead of MacOS 9) ........ r63480 | neal.norwitz | 2008-05-20 00:21:57 -0500 (Tue, 20 May 2008) | 1 line Add html package so it gets installed and more tests work (from installed copy) ........ r63507 | vinay.sajip | 2008-05-20 10:34:36 -0500 (Tue, 20 May 2008) | 1 line Fixed: #2914 (RFE for UTC support in TimedRotatingFileHandler) and #2929 (wrong filename used to delete old log files). ........ r63508 | vinay.sajip | 2008-05-20 10:37:22 -0500 (Tue, 20 May 2008) | 1 line Updated with fixes for #2914 and #2929. ........ r63516 | martin.v.loewis | 2008-05-21 02:31:31 -0500 (Wed, 21 May 2008) | 2 lines Add Robert Schuppenies. ........ r63534 | brett.cannon | 2008-05-21 22:18:35 -0500 (Wed, 21 May 2008) | 1 line Add Quentin Gallet-Gilles for (at least) a fixer for markupbase. ........ r63541 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-05-22 19:49:27 -0500 (Thu, 22 May 2008) | 1 line Docs for Issue 2819. ........
2008-05-26 10:48:34 -03:00
``'filemode|[compression]'``. :func:`tarfile.open` will return a :class:`TarFile`
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object that processes its data as a stream of blocks. No random seeking will
be done on the file. If given, *fileobj* may be any object that has a
:meth:`read` or :meth:`write` method (depending on the *mode*). *bufsize*
specifies the blocksize and defaults to ``20 * 512`` bytes. Use this variant
in combination with e.g. ``sys.stdin``, a socket file object or a tape
device. However, such a :class:`TarFile` object is limited in that it does
not allow to be accessed randomly, see :ref:`tar-examples`. The currently
possible modes:
+-------------+--------------------------------------------+
| Mode | Action |
+=============+============================================+
| ``'r|*'`` | Open a *stream* of tar blocks for reading |
| | with transparent compression. |
+-------------+--------------------------------------------+
| ``'r|'`` | Open a *stream* of uncompressed tar blocks |
| | for reading. |
+-------------+--------------------------------------------+
| ``'r|gz'`` | Open a gzip compressed *stream* for |
| | reading. |
+-------------+--------------------------------------------+
| ``'r|bz2'`` | Open a bzip2 compressed *stream* for |
| | reading. |
+-------------+--------------------------------------------+
| ``'w|'`` | Open an uncompressed *stream* for writing. |
+-------------+--------------------------------------------+
| ``'w|gz'`` | Open an gzip compressed *stream* for |
| | writing. |
+-------------+--------------------------------------------+
| ``'w|bz2'`` | Open an bzip2 compressed *stream* for |
| | writing. |
+-------------+--------------------------------------------+
.. class:: TarFile
Class for reading and writing tar archives. Do not use this class directly,
Merged revisions 63402,63405,63411,63457,63467-63468,63480,63507-63508,63516,63534,63541 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r63402 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-05-16 23:13:36 -0500 (Fri, 16 May 2008) | 1 line Fix-up docstring ........ r63405 | gregory.p.smith | 2008-05-17 02:17:34 -0500 (Sat, 17 May 2008) | 3 lines fix issue2381: test_subprocess fails if your sys.executable is on a path with a space in it. ........ r63411 | lars.gustaebel | 2008-05-17 11:50:22 -0500 (Sat, 17 May 2008) | 8 lines Replace signatures with optional arguments in square brackets with keyword arguments and the actual default values. Fix references that point nowhere or to the wrong place. Add description of the ENCODING module-level variable. Fix the URL pointing to the GNU tar manual. Remove two obsolete examples. Add an example on how to use a generator with TarFile.extractall(). ........ r63457 | ronald.oussoren | 2008-05-18 15:09:54 -0500 (Sun, 18 May 2008) | 9 lines MacOSX: ctypes annotation in implementation of getproxies_macosx_sysconf getproxies_macosx_sysconf uses ctypes to call SystemConfiguration APIs. This checkin adds ctypes annotation to specify the right argument types for the API's that are used. This is needed to be able to use urllib on a 64-bit system, without annotations you'd get a hard crash. ........ r63467 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-05-18 22:03:46 -0500 (Sun, 18 May 2008) | 1 line Re-organize the increasingly long list of deprecated modules ........ r63468 | benjamin.peterson | 2008-05-19 06:55:54 -0500 (Mon, 19 May 2008) | 2 lines just MacOS (instead of MacOS 9) ........ r63480 | neal.norwitz | 2008-05-20 00:21:57 -0500 (Tue, 20 May 2008) | 1 line Add html package so it gets installed and more tests work (from installed copy) ........ r63507 | vinay.sajip | 2008-05-20 10:34:36 -0500 (Tue, 20 May 2008) | 1 line Fixed: #2914 (RFE for UTC support in TimedRotatingFileHandler) and #2929 (wrong filename used to delete old log files). ........ r63508 | vinay.sajip | 2008-05-20 10:37:22 -0500 (Tue, 20 May 2008) | 1 line Updated with fixes for #2914 and #2929. ........ r63516 | martin.v.loewis | 2008-05-21 02:31:31 -0500 (Wed, 21 May 2008) | 2 lines Add Robert Schuppenies. ........ r63534 | brett.cannon | 2008-05-21 22:18:35 -0500 (Wed, 21 May 2008) | 1 line Add Quentin Gallet-Gilles for (at least) a fixer for markupbase. ........ r63541 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-05-22 19:49:27 -0500 (Thu, 22 May 2008) | 1 line Docs for Issue 2819. ........
2008-05-26 10:48:34 -03:00
better use :func:`tarfile.open` instead. See :ref:`tarfile-objects`.
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.. function:: is_tarfile(name)
Return :const:`True` if *name* is a tar archive file, that the :mod:`tarfile`
module can read.
The :mod:`tarfile` module defines the following exceptions:
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.. exception:: TarError
Base class for all :mod:`tarfile` exceptions.
.. exception:: ReadError
Is raised when a tar archive is opened, that either cannot be handled by the
:mod:`tarfile` module or is somehow invalid.
.. exception:: CompressionError
Is raised when a compression method is not supported or when the data cannot be
decoded properly.
.. exception:: StreamError
Is raised for the limitations that are typical for stream-like :class:`TarFile`
objects.
.. exception:: ExtractError
Merged revisions 63402,63405,63411,63457,63467-63468,63480,63507-63508,63516,63534,63541 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r63402 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-05-16 23:13:36 -0500 (Fri, 16 May 2008) | 1 line Fix-up docstring ........ r63405 | gregory.p.smith | 2008-05-17 02:17:34 -0500 (Sat, 17 May 2008) | 3 lines fix issue2381: test_subprocess fails if your sys.executable is on a path with a space in it. ........ r63411 | lars.gustaebel | 2008-05-17 11:50:22 -0500 (Sat, 17 May 2008) | 8 lines Replace signatures with optional arguments in square brackets with keyword arguments and the actual default values. Fix references that point nowhere or to the wrong place. Add description of the ENCODING module-level variable. Fix the URL pointing to the GNU tar manual. Remove two obsolete examples. Add an example on how to use a generator with TarFile.extractall(). ........ r63457 | ronald.oussoren | 2008-05-18 15:09:54 -0500 (Sun, 18 May 2008) | 9 lines MacOSX: ctypes annotation in implementation of getproxies_macosx_sysconf getproxies_macosx_sysconf uses ctypes to call SystemConfiguration APIs. This checkin adds ctypes annotation to specify the right argument types for the API's that are used. This is needed to be able to use urllib on a 64-bit system, without annotations you'd get a hard crash. ........ r63467 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-05-18 22:03:46 -0500 (Sun, 18 May 2008) | 1 line Re-organize the increasingly long list of deprecated modules ........ r63468 | benjamin.peterson | 2008-05-19 06:55:54 -0500 (Mon, 19 May 2008) | 2 lines just MacOS (instead of MacOS 9) ........ r63480 | neal.norwitz | 2008-05-20 00:21:57 -0500 (Tue, 20 May 2008) | 1 line Add html package so it gets installed and more tests work (from installed copy) ........ r63507 | vinay.sajip | 2008-05-20 10:34:36 -0500 (Tue, 20 May 2008) | 1 line Fixed: #2914 (RFE for UTC support in TimedRotatingFileHandler) and #2929 (wrong filename used to delete old log files). ........ r63508 | vinay.sajip | 2008-05-20 10:37:22 -0500 (Tue, 20 May 2008) | 1 line Updated with fixes for #2914 and #2929. ........ r63516 | martin.v.loewis | 2008-05-21 02:31:31 -0500 (Wed, 21 May 2008) | 2 lines Add Robert Schuppenies. ........ r63534 | brett.cannon | 2008-05-21 22:18:35 -0500 (Wed, 21 May 2008) | 1 line Add Quentin Gallet-Gilles for (at least) a fixer for markupbase. ........ r63541 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-05-22 19:49:27 -0500 (Thu, 22 May 2008) | 1 line Docs for Issue 2819. ........
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Is raised for *non-fatal* errors when using :meth:`TarFile.extract`, but only if
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:attr:`TarFile.errorlevel`\ ``== 2``.
.. exception:: HeaderError
Merged revisions 63402,63405,63411,63457,63467-63468,63480,63507-63508,63516,63534,63541 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r63402 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-05-16 23:13:36 -0500 (Fri, 16 May 2008) | 1 line Fix-up docstring ........ r63405 | gregory.p.smith | 2008-05-17 02:17:34 -0500 (Sat, 17 May 2008) | 3 lines fix issue2381: test_subprocess fails if your sys.executable is on a path with a space in it. ........ r63411 | lars.gustaebel | 2008-05-17 11:50:22 -0500 (Sat, 17 May 2008) | 8 lines Replace signatures with optional arguments in square brackets with keyword arguments and the actual default values. Fix references that point nowhere or to the wrong place. Add description of the ENCODING module-level variable. Fix the URL pointing to the GNU tar manual. Remove two obsolete examples. Add an example on how to use a generator with TarFile.extractall(). ........ r63457 | ronald.oussoren | 2008-05-18 15:09:54 -0500 (Sun, 18 May 2008) | 9 lines MacOSX: ctypes annotation in implementation of getproxies_macosx_sysconf getproxies_macosx_sysconf uses ctypes to call SystemConfiguration APIs. This checkin adds ctypes annotation to specify the right argument types for the API's that are used. This is needed to be able to use urllib on a 64-bit system, without annotations you'd get a hard crash. ........ r63467 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-05-18 22:03:46 -0500 (Sun, 18 May 2008) | 1 line Re-organize the increasingly long list of deprecated modules ........ r63468 | benjamin.peterson | 2008-05-19 06:55:54 -0500 (Mon, 19 May 2008) | 2 lines just MacOS (instead of MacOS 9) ........ r63480 | neal.norwitz | 2008-05-20 00:21:57 -0500 (Tue, 20 May 2008) | 1 line Add html package so it gets installed and more tests work (from installed copy) ........ r63507 | vinay.sajip | 2008-05-20 10:34:36 -0500 (Tue, 20 May 2008) | 1 line Fixed: #2914 (RFE for UTC support in TimedRotatingFileHandler) and #2929 (wrong filename used to delete old log files). ........ r63508 | vinay.sajip | 2008-05-20 10:37:22 -0500 (Tue, 20 May 2008) | 1 line Updated with fixes for #2914 and #2929. ........ r63516 | martin.v.loewis | 2008-05-21 02:31:31 -0500 (Wed, 21 May 2008) | 2 lines Add Robert Schuppenies. ........ r63534 | brett.cannon | 2008-05-21 22:18:35 -0500 (Wed, 21 May 2008) | 1 line Add Quentin Gallet-Gilles for (at least) a fixer for markupbase. ........ r63541 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-05-22 19:49:27 -0500 (Thu, 22 May 2008) | 1 line Docs for Issue 2819. ........
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Is raised by :meth:`TarInfo.frombuf` if the buffer it gets is invalid.
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Each of the following constants defines a tar archive format that the
:mod:`tarfile` module is able to create. See section :ref:`tar-formats` for
details.
.. data:: USTAR_FORMAT
POSIX.1-1988 (ustar) format.
.. data:: GNU_FORMAT
GNU tar format.
.. data:: PAX_FORMAT
POSIX.1-2001 (pax) format.
.. data:: DEFAULT_FORMAT
The default format for creating archives. This is currently :const:`GNU_FORMAT`.
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The following variables are available on module level:
.. data:: ENCODING
The default character encoding i.e. the value from either
:func:`sys.getfilesystemencoding` or :func:`sys.getdefaultencoding`.
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.. seealso::
Module :mod:`zipfile`
Documentation of the :mod:`zipfile` standard module.
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`GNU tar manual, Basic Tar Format <http://www.gnu.org/software/tar/manual/html_node/Standard.html>`_
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Documentation for tar archive files, including GNU tar extensions.
.. _tarfile-objects:
TarFile Objects
---------------
The :class:`TarFile` object provides an interface to a tar archive. A tar
archive is a sequence of blocks. An archive member (a stored file) is made up of
a header block followed by data blocks. It is possible to store a file in a tar
archive several times. Each archive member is represented by a :class:`TarInfo`
object, see :ref:`tarinfo-objects` for details.
A :class:`TarFile` object can be used as a context manager in a :keyword:`with`
statement. It will automatically be closed when the block is completed. Please
note that in the event of an exception an archive opened for writing will not
Merged revisions 79307,79408,79430,79533,79542,79579-79580,79585-79587,79607-79608,79622,79717,79820,79822,79828,79862,79875,79923-79924,79941-79943,79945,79947,79951-79952 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r79307 | florent.xicluna | 2010-03-22 17:45:50 -0500 (Mon, 22 Mar 2010) | 2 lines #7667: Fix doctest failures with non-ASCII paths. ........ r79408 | victor.stinner | 2010-03-24 20:18:38 -0500 (Wed, 24 Mar 2010) | 2 lines Fix a gcc warning introduced by r79397. ........ r79430 | brian.curtin | 2010-03-25 18:48:54 -0500 (Thu, 25 Mar 2010) | 2 lines Fix #6538. Markup RegexObject and MatchObject as classes. Patch by Ryan Arana. ........ r79533 | barry.warsaw | 2010-03-31 16:07:16 -0500 (Wed, 31 Mar 2010) | 6 lines - Issue #8233: When run as a script, py_compile.py optionally takes a single argument `-` which tells it to read files to compile from stdin. Each line is read on demand and the named file is compiled immediately. (Original patch by Piotr O?\197?\188arowski). ........ r79542 | r.david.murray | 2010-03-31 20:28:39 -0500 (Wed, 31 Mar 2010) | 3 lines A couple small grammar fixes in test.rst, and rewrite the check_warnings docs to be clearer. ........ r79579 | georg.brandl | 2010-04-02 03:34:41 -0500 (Fri, 02 Apr 2010) | 1 line Add 2.6.5. ........ r79580 | georg.brandl | 2010-04-02 03:39:09 -0500 (Fri, 02 Apr 2010) | 1 line #2768: add a note on how to get a file descriptor. ........ r79585 | georg.brandl | 2010-04-02 04:03:18 -0500 (Fri, 02 Apr 2010) | 1 line Remove col-spanning cells in logging docs. ........ r79586 | georg.brandl | 2010-04-02 04:07:42 -0500 (Fri, 02 Apr 2010) | 1 line Document PyImport_ExecCodeModuleEx(). ........ r79587 | georg.brandl | 2010-04-02 04:11:49 -0500 (Fri, 02 Apr 2010) | 1 line #8012: clarification in generator glossary entry. ........ r79607 | andrew.kuchling | 2010-04-02 12:48:23 -0500 (Fri, 02 Apr 2010) | 1 line #6647: document that catch_warnings is not thread-safe ........ r79608 | andrew.kuchling | 2010-04-02 12:54:26 -0500 (Fri, 02 Apr 2010) | 1 line #6647: add note to two examples ........ r79622 | tarek.ziade | 2010-04-02 16:34:19 -0500 (Fri, 02 Apr 2010) | 1 line removed documentation on code that was reverted and pushed into distutils2 ........ r79717 | antoine.pitrou | 2010-04-03 16:22:38 -0500 (Sat, 03 Apr 2010) | 4 lines Fix wording / typography, and a slightly misleading statement (memoryviews don't support complex structures right now) ........ r79820 | benjamin.peterson | 2010-04-05 22:34:09 -0500 (Mon, 05 Apr 2010) | 1 line ready _sre types ........ r79822 | georg.brandl | 2010-04-06 03:18:15 -0500 (Tue, 06 Apr 2010) | 1 line #8320: document return value of recv_into(). ........ r79828 | georg.brandl | 2010-04-06 09:33:44 -0500 (Tue, 06 Apr 2010) | 1 line Add JP. ........ r79862 | georg.brandl | 2010-04-06 15:27:59 -0500 (Tue, 06 Apr 2010) | 1 line Fix syntax. ........ r79875 | mark.dickinson | 2010-04-06 17:18:23 -0500 (Tue, 06 Apr 2010) | 1 line More NaN consistency doc fixes. ........ r79923 | georg.brandl | 2010-04-10 06:15:24 -0500 (Sat, 10 Apr 2010) | 1 line #8360: skipTest was added in 2.7. ........ r79924 | georg.brandl | 2010-04-10 06:16:59 -0500 (Sat, 10 Apr 2010) | 1 line #8346: update version. ........ r79941 | andrew.kuchling | 2010-04-10 20:39:36 -0500 (Sat, 10 Apr 2010) | 1 line Two grammar fixes ........ r79942 | andrew.kuchling | 2010-04-10 20:40:06 -0500 (Sat, 10 Apr 2010) | 1 line Punctuation fix ........ r79943 | andrew.kuchling | 2010-04-10 20:40:30 -0500 (Sat, 10 Apr 2010) | 1 line Add various items ........ r79945 | andrew.kuchling | 2010-04-10 20:40:49 -0500 (Sat, 10 Apr 2010) | 1 line name correct ........ r79947 | andrew.kuchling | 2010-04-10 20:44:13 -0500 (Sat, 10 Apr 2010) | 1 line Remove distutils section ........ r79951 | andrew.kuchling | 2010-04-11 07:48:08 -0500 (Sun, 11 Apr 2010) | 1 line Two typo fixes ........ r79952 | andrew.kuchling | 2010-04-11 07:49:37 -0500 (Sun, 11 Apr 2010) | 1 line Add two items ........
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be finalized; only the internally used file object will be closed. See the
:ref:`tar-examples` section for a use case.
.. versionadded:: 3.2
Added support for the context manager protocol.
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.. class:: TarFile(name=None, mode='r', fileobj=None, format=DEFAULT_FORMAT, tarinfo=TarInfo, dereference=False, ignore_zeros=False, encoding=ENCODING, errors='surrogateescape', pax_headers=None, debug=0, errorlevel=0)
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All following arguments are optional and can be accessed as instance attributes
as well.
*name* is the pathname of the archive. It can be omitted if *fileobj* is given.
In this case, the file object's :attr:`name` attribute is used if it exists.
*mode* is either ``'r'`` to read from an existing archive, ``'a'`` to append
data to an existing file or ``'w'`` to create a new file overwriting an existing
one.
If *fileobj* is given, it is used for reading or writing data. If it can be
determined, *mode* is overridden by *fileobj*'s mode. *fileobj* will be used
from position 0.
.. note::
*fileobj* is not closed, when :class:`TarFile` is closed.
*format* controls the archive format. It must be one of the constants
:const:`USTAR_FORMAT`, :const:`GNU_FORMAT` or :const:`PAX_FORMAT` that are
defined at module level.
The *tarinfo* argument can be used to replace the default :class:`TarInfo` class
with a different one.
Merged revisions 63402,63405,63411,63457,63467-63468,63480,63507-63508,63516,63534,63541 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r63402 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-05-16 23:13:36 -0500 (Fri, 16 May 2008) | 1 line Fix-up docstring ........ r63405 | gregory.p.smith | 2008-05-17 02:17:34 -0500 (Sat, 17 May 2008) | 3 lines fix issue2381: test_subprocess fails if your sys.executable is on a path with a space in it. ........ r63411 | lars.gustaebel | 2008-05-17 11:50:22 -0500 (Sat, 17 May 2008) | 8 lines Replace signatures with optional arguments in square brackets with keyword arguments and the actual default values. Fix references that point nowhere or to the wrong place. Add description of the ENCODING module-level variable. Fix the URL pointing to the GNU tar manual. Remove two obsolete examples. Add an example on how to use a generator with TarFile.extractall(). ........ r63457 | ronald.oussoren | 2008-05-18 15:09:54 -0500 (Sun, 18 May 2008) | 9 lines MacOSX: ctypes annotation in implementation of getproxies_macosx_sysconf getproxies_macosx_sysconf uses ctypes to call SystemConfiguration APIs. This checkin adds ctypes annotation to specify the right argument types for the API's that are used. This is needed to be able to use urllib on a 64-bit system, without annotations you'd get a hard crash. ........ r63467 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-05-18 22:03:46 -0500 (Sun, 18 May 2008) | 1 line Re-organize the increasingly long list of deprecated modules ........ r63468 | benjamin.peterson | 2008-05-19 06:55:54 -0500 (Mon, 19 May 2008) | 2 lines just MacOS (instead of MacOS 9) ........ r63480 | neal.norwitz | 2008-05-20 00:21:57 -0500 (Tue, 20 May 2008) | 1 line Add html package so it gets installed and more tests work (from installed copy) ........ r63507 | vinay.sajip | 2008-05-20 10:34:36 -0500 (Tue, 20 May 2008) | 1 line Fixed: #2914 (RFE for UTC support in TimedRotatingFileHandler) and #2929 (wrong filename used to delete old log files). ........ r63508 | vinay.sajip | 2008-05-20 10:37:22 -0500 (Tue, 20 May 2008) | 1 line Updated with fixes for #2914 and #2929. ........ r63516 | martin.v.loewis | 2008-05-21 02:31:31 -0500 (Wed, 21 May 2008) | 2 lines Add Robert Schuppenies. ........ r63534 | brett.cannon | 2008-05-21 22:18:35 -0500 (Wed, 21 May 2008) | 1 line Add Quentin Gallet-Gilles for (at least) a fixer for markupbase. ........ r63541 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-05-22 19:49:27 -0500 (Thu, 22 May 2008) | 1 line Docs for Issue 2819. ........
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If *dereference* is :const:`False`, add symbolic and hard links to the archive. If it
is :const:`True`, add the content of the target files to the archive. This has no
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effect on systems that do not support symbolic links.
Merged revisions 63402,63405,63411,63457,63467-63468,63480,63507-63508,63516,63534,63541 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r63402 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-05-16 23:13:36 -0500 (Fri, 16 May 2008) | 1 line Fix-up docstring ........ r63405 | gregory.p.smith | 2008-05-17 02:17:34 -0500 (Sat, 17 May 2008) | 3 lines fix issue2381: test_subprocess fails if your sys.executable is on a path with a space in it. ........ r63411 | lars.gustaebel | 2008-05-17 11:50:22 -0500 (Sat, 17 May 2008) | 8 lines Replace signatures with optional arguments in square brackets with keyword arguments and the actual default values. Fix references that point nowhere or to the wrong place. Add description of the ENCODING module-level variable. Fix the URL pointing to the GNU tar manual. Remove two obsolete examples. Add an example on how to use a generator with TarFile.extractall(). ........ r63457 | ronald.oussoren | 2008-05-18 15:09:54 -0500 (Sun, 18 May 2008) | 9 lines MacOSX: ctypes annotation in implementation of getproxies_macosx_sysconf getproxies_macosx_sysconf uses ctypes to call SystemConfiguration APIs. This checkin adds ctypes annotation to specify the right argument types for the API's that are used. This is needed to be able to use urllib on a 64-bit system, without annotations you'd get a hard crash. ........ r63467 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-05-18 22:03:46 -0500 (Sun, 18 May 2008) | 1 line Re-organize the increasingly long list of deprecated modules ........ r63468 | benjamin.peterson | 2008-05-19 06:55:54 -0500 (Mon, 19 May 2008) | 2 lines just MacOS (instead of MacOS 9) ........ r63480 | neal.norwitz | 2008-05-20 00:21:57 -0500 (Tue, 20 May 2008) | 1 line Add html package so it gets installed and more tests work (from installed copy) ........ r63507 | vinay.sajip | 2008-05-20 10:34:36 -0500 (Tue, 20 May 2008) | 1 line Fixed: #2914 (RFE for UTC support in TimedRotatingFileHandler) and #2929 (wrong filename used to delete old log files). ........ r63508 | vinay.sajip | 2008-05-20 10:37:22 -0500 (Tue, 20 May 2008) | 1 line Updated with fixes for #2914 and #2929. ........ r63516 | martin.v.loewis | 2008-05-21 02:31:31 -0500 (Wed, 21 May 2008) | 2 lines Add Robert Schuppenies. ........ r63534 | brett.cannon | 2008-05-21 22:18:35 -0500 (Wed, 21 May 2008) | 1 line Add Quentin Gallet-Gilles for (at least) a fixer for markupbase. ........ r63541 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-05-22 19:49:27 -0500 (Thu, 22 May 2008) | 1 line Docs for Issue 2819. ........
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If *ignore_zeros* is :const:`False`, treat an empty block as the end of the archive.
If it is :const:`True`, skip empty (and invalid) blocks and try to get as many members
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as possible. This is only useful for reading concatenated or damaged archives.
*debug* can be set from ``0`` (no debug messages) up to ``3`` (all debug
messages). The messages are written to ``sys.stderr``.
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If *errorlevel* is ``0``, all errors are ignored when using :meth:`TarFile.extract`.
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Nevertheless, they appear as error messages in the debug output, when debugging
is enabled. If ``1``, all *fatal* errors are raised as :exc:`OSError` or
:exc:`IOError` exceptions. If ``2``, all *non-fatal* errors are raised as
:exc:`TarError` exceptions as well.
The *encoding* and *errors* arguments define the character encoding to be
used for reading or writing the archive and how conversion errors are going
to be handled. The default settings will work for most users.
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See section :ref:`tar-unicode` for in-depth information.
.. versionchanged:: 3.2
Use ``'surrogateescape'`` as the default for the *errors* argument.
The *pax_headers* argument is an optional dictionary of strings which
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will be added as a pax global header if *format* is :const:`PAX_FORMAT`.
.. method:: TarFile.open(...)
Merged revisions 63402,63405,63411,63457,63467-63468,63480,63507-63508,63516,63534,63541 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r63402 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-05-16 23:13:36 -0500 (Fri, 16 May 2008) | 1 line Fix-up docstring ........ r63405 | gregory.p.smith | 2008-05-17 02:17:34 -0500 (Sat, 17 May 2008) | 3 lines fix issue2381: test_subprocess fails if your sys.executable is on a path with a space in it. ........ r63411 | lars.gustaebel | 2008-05-17 11:50:22 -0500 (Sat, 17 May 2008) | 8 lines Replace signatures with optional arguments in square brackets with keyword arguments and the actual default values. Fix references that point nowhere or to the wrong place. Add description of the ENCODING module-level variable. Fix the URL pointing to the GNU tar manual. Remove two obsolete examples. Add an example on how to use a generator with TarFile.extractall(). ........ r63457 | ronald.oussoren | 2008-05-18 15:09:54 -0500 (Sun, 18 May 2008) | 9 lines MacOSX: ctypes annotation in implementation of getproxies_macosx_sysconf getproxies_macosx_sysconf uses ctypes to call SystemConfiguration APIs. This checkin adds ctypes annotation to specify the right argument types for the API's that are used. This is needed to be able to use urllib on a 64-bit system, without annotations you'd get a hard crash. ........ r63467 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-05-18 22:03:46 -0500 (Sun, 18 May 2008) | 1 line Re-organize the increasingly long list of deprecated modules ........ r63468 | benjamin.peterson | 2008-05-19 06:55:54 -0500 (Mon, 19 May 2008) | 2 lines just MacOS (instead of MacOS 9) ........ r63480 | neal.norwitz | 2008-05-20 00:21:57 -0500 (Tue, 20 May 2008) | 1 line Add html package so it gets installed and more tests work (from installed copy) ........ r63507 | vinay.sajip | 2008-05-20 10:34:36 -0500 (Tue, 20 May 2008) | 1 line Fixed: #2914 (RFE for UTC support in TimedRotatingFileHandler) and #2929 (wrong filename used to delete old log files). ........ r63508 | vinay.sajip | 2008-05-20 10:37:22 -0500 (Tue, 20 May 2008) | 1 line Updated with fixes for #2914 and #2929. ........ r63516 | martin.v.loewis | 2008-05-21 02:31:31 -0500 (Wed, 21 May 2008) | 2 lines Add Robert Schuppenies. ........ r63534 | brett.cannon | 2008-05-21 22:18:35 -0500 (Wed, 21 May 2008) | 1 line Add Quentin Gallet-Gilles for (at least) a fixer for markupbase. ........ r63541 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-05-22 19:49:27 -0500 (Thu, 22 May 2008) | 1 line Docs for Issue 2819. ........
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Alternative constructor. The :func:`tarfile.open` function is actually a
shortcut to this classmethod.
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.. method:: TarFile.getmember(name)
Return a :class:`TarInfo` object for member *name*. If *name* can not be found
in the archive, :exc:`KeyError` is raised.
.. note::
If a member occurs more than once in the archive, its last occurrence is assumed
to be the most up-to-date version.
.. method:: TarFile.getmembers()
Return the members of the archive as a list of :class:`TarInfo` objects. The
list has the same order as the members in the archive.
.. method:: TarFile.getnames()
Return the members as a list of their names. It has the same order as the list
returned by :meth:`getmembers`.
.. method:: TarFile.list(verbose=True)
Print a table of contents to ``sys.stdout``. If *verbose* is :const:`False`,
only the names of the members are printed. If it is :const:`True`, output
similar to that of :program:`ls -l` is produced.
.. method:: TarFile.next()
Return the next member of the archive as a :class:`TarInfo` object, when
Merged revisions 63402,63405,63411,63457,63467-63468,63480,63507-63508,63516,63534,63541 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r63402 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-05-16 23:13:36 -0500 (Fri, 16 May 2008) | 1 line Fix-up docstring ........ r63405 | gregory.p.smith | 2008-05-17 02:17:34 -0500 (Sat, 17 May 2008) | 3 lines fix issue2381: test_subprocess fails if your sys.executable is on a path with a space in it. ........ r63411 | lars.gustaebel | 2008-05-17 11:50:22 -0500 (Sat, 17 May 2008) | 8 lines Replace signatures with optional arguments in square brackets with keyword arguments and the actual default values. Fix references that point nowhere or to the wrong place. Add description of the ENCODING module-level variable. Fix the URL pointing to the GNU tar manual. Remove two obsolete examples. Add an example on how to use a generator with TarFile.extractall(). ........ r63457 | ronald.oussoren | 2008-05-18 15:09:54 -0500 (Sun, 18 May 2008) | 9 lines MacOSX: ctypes annotation in implementation of getproxies_macosx_sysconf getproxies_macosx_sysconf uses ctypes to call SystemConfiguration APIs. This checkin adds ctypes annotation to specify the right argument types for the API's that are used. This is needed to be able to use urllib on a 64-bit system, without annotations you'd get a hard crash. ........ r63467 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-05-18 22:03:46 -0500 (Sun, 18 May 2008) | 1 line Re-organize the increasingly long list of deprecated modules ........ r63468 | benjamin.peterson | 2008-05-19 06:55:54 -0500 (Mon, 19 May 2008) | 2 lines just MacOS (instead of MacOS 9) ........ r63480 | neal.norwitz | 2008-05-20 00:21:57 -0500 (Tue, 20 May 2008) | 1 line Add html package so it gets installed and more tests work (from installed copy) ........ r63507 | vinay.sajip | 2008-05-20 10:34:36 -0500 (Tue, 20 May 2008) | 1 line Fixed: #2914 (RFE for UTC support in TimedRotatingFileHandler) and #2929 (wrong filename used to delete old log files). ........ r63508 | vinay.sajip | 2008-05-20 10:37:22 -0500 (Tue, 20 May 2008) | 1 line Updated with fixes for #2914 and #2929. ........ r63516 | martin.v.loewis | 2008-05-21 02:31:31 -0500 (Wed, 21 May 2008) | 2 lines Add Robert Schuppenies. ........ r63534 | brett.cannon | 2008-05-21 22:18:35 -0500 (Wed, 21 May 2008) | 1 line Add Quentin Gallet-Gilles for (at least) a fixer for markupbase. ........ r63541 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-05-22 19:49:27 -0500 (Thu, 22 May 2008) | 1 line Docs for Issue 2819. ........
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:class:`TarFile` is opened for reading. Return :const:`None` if there is no more
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available.
Merged revisions 63402,63405,63411,63457,63467-63468,63480,63507-63508,63516,63534,63541 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r63402 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-05-16 23:13:36 -0500 (Fri, 16 May 2008) | 1 line Fix-up docstring ........ r63405 | gregory.p.smith | 2008-05-17 02:17:34 -0500 (Sat, 17 May 2008) | 3 lines fix issue2381: test_subprocess fails if your sys.executable is on a path with a space in it. ........ r63411 | lars.gustaebel | 2008-05-17 11:50:22 -0500 (Sat, 17 May 2008) | 8 lines Replace signatures with optional arguments in square brackets with keyword arguments and the actual default values. Fix references that point nowhere or to the wrong place. Add description of the ENCODING module-level variable. Fix the URL pointing to the GNU tar manual. Remove two obsolete examples. Add an example on how to use a generator with TarFile.extractall(). ........ r63457 | ronald.oussoren | 2008-05-18 15:09:54 -0500 (Sun, 18 May 2008) | 9 lines MacOSX: ctypes annotation in implementation of getproxies_macosx_sysconf getproxies_macosx_sysconf uses ctypes to call SystemConfiguration APIs. This checkin adds ctypes annotation to specify the right argument types for the API's that are used. This is needed to be able to use urllib on a 64-bit system, without annotations you'd get a hard crash. ........ r63467 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-05-18 22:03:46 -0500 (Sun, 18 May 2008) | 1 line Re-organize the increasingly long list of deprecated modules ........ r63468 | benjamin.peterson | 2008-05-19 06:55:54 -0500 (Mon, 19 May 2008) | 2 lines just MacOS (instead of MacOS 9) ........ r63480 | neal.norwitz | 2008-05-20 00:21:57 -0500 (Tue, 20 May 2008) | 1 line Add html package so it gets installed and more tests work (from installed copy) ........ r63507 | vinay.sajip | 2008-05-20 10:34:36 -0500 (Tue, 20 May 2008) | 1 line Fixed: #2914 (RFE for UTC support in TimedRotatingFileHandler) and #2929 (wrong filename used to delete old log files). ........ r63508 | vinay.sajip | 2008-05-20 10:37:22 -0500 (Tue, 20 May 2008) | 1 line Updated with fixes for #2914 and #2929. ........ r63516 | martin.v.loewis | 2008-05-21 02:31:31 -0500 (Wed, 21 May 2008) | 2 lines Add Robert Schuppenies. ........ r63534 | brett.cannon | 2008-05-21 22:18:35 -0500 (Wed, 21 May 2008) | 1 line Add Quentin Gallet-Gilles for (at least) a fixer for markupbase. ........ r63541 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-05-22 19:49:27 -0500 (Thu, 22 May 2008) | 1 line Docs for Issue 2819. ........
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.. method:: TarFile.extractall(path=".", members=None)
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Extract all members from the archive to the current working directory or
directory *path*. If optional *members* is given, it must be a subset of the
list returned by :meth:`getmembers`. Directory information like owner,
modification time and permissions are set after all members have been extracted.
This is done to work around two problems: A directory's modification time is
reset each time a file is created in it. And, if a directory's permissions do
not allow writing, extracting files to it will fail.
Merged revisions 57620-57771 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r57771 | thomas.wouters | 2007-08-30 23:54:39 +0200 (Thu, 30 Aug 2007) | 5 lines Don't lie in __all__ attributes when SSL is not available: only add the SSL classes when they are actually created. ........ r57620 | walter.doerwald | 2007-08-28 18:38:26 +0200 (Tue, 28 Aug 2007) | 5 lines Fix title endtag in HTMLCalender.formatyearpage(). Fix documentation for HTMLCalender.formatyearpage() (there's no themonth parameter). This fixes issue1046. ........ r57622 | georg.brandl | 2007-08-28 20:54:44 +0200 (Tue, 28 Aug 2007) | 2 lines Add a crasher for the thread-unsafety of file objects. ........ r57626 | skip.montanaro | 2007-08-29 01:22:52 +0200 (Wed, 29 Aug 2007) | 1 line fixes 813986 ........ r57628 | walter.doerwald | 2007-08-29 01:35:33 +0200 (Wed, 29 Aug 2007) | 2 lines Fix test output. ........ r57631 | skip.montanaro | 2007-08-29 03:24:11 +0200 (Wed, 29 Aug 2007) | 2 lines Install pygettext (once the scriptsinstall target is working again). ........ r57633 | skip.montanaro | 2007-08-29 03:33:45 +0200 (Wed, 29 Aug 2007) | 2 lines Recent items. ........ r57650 | neal.norwitz | 2007-08-29 08:15:33 +0200 (Wed, 29 Aug 2007) | 1 line Add Bill as a developer ........ r57651 | facundo.batista | 2007-08-29 12:28:28 +0200 (Wed, 29 Aug 2007) | 5 lines Ignore test failures caused by 'resource temporarily unavailable' exceptions raised during FailingServerTestCase tests. [GSoC - Alan McIntyre] ........ r57680 | bill.janssen | 2007-08-30 00:35:05 +0200 (Thu, 30 Aug 2007) | 17 lines This contains a number of things: 1) Improve the documentation of the SSL module, with a fuller explanation of certificate usage, another reference, proper formatting of this and that. 2) Fix Windows bug in ssl.py, and general bug in sslsocket.close(). Remove some unused code from ssl.py. Allow accept() to be called on sslsocket sockets. 3) Use try-except-else in import of ssl in socket.py. Deprecate use of socket.ssl(). 4) Remove use of socket.ssl() in every library module, except for test_socket_ssl.py and test_ssl.py. ........ r57714 | georg.brandl | 2007-08-30 12:09:42 +0200 (Thu, 30 Aug 2007) | 2 lines Stronger urge to convert filenames to str before using them as argument to ZipFile.write(). ........ r57716 | georg.brandl | 2007-08-30 12:38:56 +0200 (Thu, 30 Aug 2007) | 2 lines Patch #1680959: add test suite for pipes module. ........ r57717 | georg.brandl | 2007-08-30 14:32:23 +0200 (Thu, 30 Aug 2007) | 3 lines * Skip test_pipes on non-POSIX. * Don't raise TestSkipped within a test function. ........ r57723 | mark.summerfield | 2007-08-30 17:03:03 +0200 (Thu, 30 Aug 2007) | 3 lines Added more cross-references. ........ r57726 | walter.doerwald | 2007-08-30 17:30:09 +0200 (Thu, 30 Aug 2007) | 2 lines Rewrap line. ........ r57727 | walter.doerwald | 2007-08-30 17:34:55 +0200 (Thu, 30 Aug 2007) | 2 lines Set startinpos before calling the error handler. ........ r57730 | bill.janssen | 2007-08-30 19:07:28 +0200 (Thu, 30 Aug 2007) | 3 lines Added docstrings to methods and functions. ........ r57743 | bill.janssen | 2007-08-30 20:08:06 +0200 (Thu, 30 Aug 2007) | 1 line added note on new ssl module and deprecation of socket.ssl ........ r57747 | martin.v.loewis | 2007-08-30 20:14:01 +0200 (Thu, 30 Aug 2007) | 1 line Fix popen usage. ........ r57748 | martin.v.loewis | 2007-08-30 20:15:22 +0200 (Thu, 30 Aug 2007) | 1 line Fix typo. ........ r57750 | martin.v.loewis | 2007-08-30 20:25:47 +0200 (Thu, 30 Aug 2007) | 1 line Bug #1746880: Correctly install DLLs into system32 folder on Win64. ........ r57760 | martin.v.loewis | 2007-08-30 21:04:09 +0200 (Thu, 30 Aug 2007) | 1 line Bug #1709599: Run test_1565150 only if the file system is NTFS. ........ r57762 | martin.v.loewis | 2007-08-30 22:10:57 +0200 (Thu, 30 Aug 2007) | 2 lines Bump autoconf minimum version to 2.61. ........ r57764 | lars.gustaebel | 2007-08-30 22:24:31 +0200 (Thu, 30 Aug 2007) | 2 lines Warn about possible risks when extracting untrusted archives. ........ r57769 | thomas.wouters | 2007-08-30 23:01:17 +0200 (Thu, 30 Aug 2007) | 7 lines Somewhat-preliminary slice-object and extended slicing support for ctypes. The exact behaviour of omitted and negative indices for the Pointer type may need a closer look (especially as it's subtly different from simple slices) but there's time yet before 2.6, and not enough before 3.0a1 :-) ........
2007-08-30 19:15:33 -03:00
.. warning::
Never extract archives from untrusted sources without prior inspection.
It is possible that files are created outside of *path*, e.g. members
that have absolute filenames starting with ``"/"`` or filenames with two
dots ``".."``.
2007-08-15 11:28:22 -03:00
Merged revisions 63402,63405,63411,63457,63467-63468,63480,63507-63508,63516,63534,63541 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r63402 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-05-16 23:13:36 -0500 (Fri, 16 May 2008) | 1 line Fix-up docstring ........ r63405 | gregory.p.smith | 2008-05-17 02:17:34 -0500 (Sat, 17 May 2008) | 3 lines fix issue2381: test_subprocess fails if your sys.executable is on a path with a space in it. ........ r63411 | lars.gustaebel | 2008-05-17 11:50:22 -0500 (Sat, 17 May 2008) | 8 lines Replace signatures with optional arguments in square brackets with keyword arguments and the actual default values. Fix references that point nowhere or to the wrong place. Add description of the ENCODING module-level variable. Fix the URL pointing to the GNU tar manual. Remove two obsolete examples. Add an example on how to use a generator with TarFile.extractall(). ........ r63457 | ronald.oussoren | 2008-05-18 15:09:54 -0500 (Sun, 18 May 2008) | 9 lines MacOSX: ctypes annotation in implementation of getproxies_macosx_sysconf getproxies_macosx_sysconf uses ctypes to call SystemConfiguration APIs. This checkin adds ctypes annotation to specify the right argument types for the API's that are used. This is needed to be able to use urllib on a 64-bit system, without annotations you'd get a hard crash. ........ r63467 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-05-18 22:03:46 -0500 (Sun, 18 May 2008) | 1 line Re-organize the increasingly long list of deprecated modules ........ r63468 | benjamin.peterson | 2008-05-19 06:55:54 -0500 (Mon, 19 May 2008) | 2 lines just MacOS (instead of MacOS 9) ........ r63480 | neal.norwitz | 2008-05-20 00:21:57 -0500 (Tue, 20 May 2008) | 1 line Add html package so it gets installed and more tests work (from installed copy) ........ r63507 | vinay.sajip | 2008-05-20 10:34:36 -0500 (Tue, 20 May 2008) | 1 line Fixed: #2914 (RFE for UTC support in TimedRotatingFileHandler) and #2929 (wrong filename used to delete old log files). ........ r63508 | vinay.sajip | 2008-05-20 10:37:22 -0500 (Tue, 20 May 2008) | 1 line Updated with fixes for #2914 and #2929. ........ r63516 | martin.v.loewis | 2008-05-21 02:31:31 -0500 (Wed, 21 May 2008) | 2 lines Add Robert Schuppenies. ........ r63534 | brett.cannon | 2008-05-21 22:18:35 -0500 (Wed, 21 May 2008) | 1 line Add Quentin Gallet-Gilles for (at least) a fixer for markupbase. ........ r63541 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-05-22 19:49:27 -0500 (Thu, 22 May 2008) | 1 line Docs for Issue 2819. ........
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.. method:: TarFile.extract(member, path="")
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Extract a member from the archive to the current working directory, using its
full name. Its file information is extracted as accurately as possible. *member*
may be a filename or a :class:`TarInfo` object. You can specify a different
directory using *path*.
.. note::
Merged revisions 63402,63405,63411,63457,63467-63468,63480,63507-63508,63516,63534,63541 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r63402 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-05-16 23:13:36 -0500 (Fri, 16 May 2008) | 1 line Fix-up docstring ........ r63405 | gregory.p.smith | 2008-05-17 02:17:34 -0500 (Sat, 17 May 2008) | 3 lines fix issue2381: test_subprocess fails if your sys.executable is on a path with a space in it. ........ r63411 | lars.gustaebel | 2008-05-17 11:50:22 -0500 (Sat, 17 May 2008) | 8 lines Replace signatures with optional arguments in square brackets with keyword arguments and the actual default values. Fix references that point nowhere or to the wrong place. Add description of the ENCODING module-level variable. Fix the URL pointing to the GNU tar manual. Remove two obsolete examples. Add an example on how to use a generator with TarFile.extractall(). ........ r63457 | ronald.oussoren | 2008-05-18 15:09:54 -0500 (Sun, 18 May 2008) | 9 lines MacOSX: ctypes annotation in implementation of getproxies_macosx_sysconf getproxies_macosx_sysconf uses ctypes to call SystemConfiguration APIs. This checkin adds ctypes annotation to specify the right argument types for the API's that are used. This is needed to be able to use urllib on a 64-bit system, without annotations you'd get a hard crash. ........ r63467 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-05-18 22:03:46 -0500 (Sun, 18 May 2008) | 1 line Re-organize the increasingly long list of deprecated modules ........ r63468 | benjamin.peterson | 2008-05-19 06:55:54 -0500 (Mon, 19 May 2008) | 2 lines just MacOS (instead of MacOS 9) ........ r63480 | neal.norwitz | 2008-05-20 00:21:57 -0500 (Tue, 20 May 2008) | 1 line Add html package so it gets installed and more tests work (from installed copy) ........ r63507 | vinay.sajip | 2008-05-20 10:34:36 -0500 (Tue, 20 May 2008) | 1 line Fixed: #2914 (RFE for UTC support in TimedRotatingFileHandler) and #2929 (wrong filename used to delete old log files). ........ r63508 | vinay.sajip | 2008-05-20 10:37:22 -0500 (Tue, 20 May 2008) | 1 line Updated with fixes for #2914 and #2929. ........ r63516 | martin.v.loewis | 2008-05-21 02:31:31 -0500 (Wed, 21 May 2008) | 2 lines Add Robert Schuppenies. ........ r63534 | brett.cannon | 2008-05-21 22:18:35 -0500 (Wed, 21 May 2008) | 1 line Add Quentin Gallet-Gilles for (at least) a fixer for markupbase. ........ r63541 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-05-22 19:49:27 -0500 (Thu, 22 May 2008) | 1 line Docs for Issue 2819. ........
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The :meth:`extract` method does not take care of several extraction issues.
In most cases you should consider using the :meth:`extractall` method.
2007-08-15 11:28:22 -03:00
Merged revisions 57620-57771 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r57771 | thomas.wouters | 2007-08-30 23:54:39 +0200 (Thu, 30 Aug 2007) | 5 lines Don't lie in __all__ attributes when SSL is not available: only add the SSL classes when they are actually created. ........ r57620 | walter.doerwald | 2007-08-28 18:38:26 +0200 (Tue, 28 Aug 2007) | 5 lines Fix title endtag in HTMLCalender.formatyearpage(). Fix documentation for HTMLCalender.formatyearpage() (there's no themonth parameter). This fixes issue1046. ........ r57622 | georg.brandl | 2007-08-28 20:54:44 +0200 (Tue, 28 Aug 2007) | 2 lines Add a crasher for the thread-unsafety of file objects. ........ r57626 | skip.montanaro | 2007-08-29 01:22:52 +0200 (Wed, 29 Aug 2007) | 1 line fixes 813986 ........ r57628 | walter.doerwald | 2007-08-29 01:35:33 +0200 (Wed, 29 Aug 2007) | 2 lines Fix test output. ........ r57631 | skip.montanaro | 2007-08-29 03:24:11 +0200 (Wed, 29 Aug 2007) | 2 lines Install pygettext (once the scriptsinstall target is working again). ........ r57633 | skip.montanaro | 2007-08-29 03:33:45 +0200 (Wed, 29 Aug 2007) | 2 lines Recent items. ........ r57650 | neal.norwitz | 2007-08-29 08:15:33 +0200 (Wed, 29 Aug 2007) | 1 line Add Bill as a developer ........ r57651 | facundo.batista | 2007-08-29 12:28:28 +0200 (Wed, 29 Aug 2007) | 5 lines Ignore test failures caused by 'resource temporarily unavailable' exceptions raised during FailingServerTestCase tests. [GSoC - Alan McIntyre] ........ r57680 | bill.janssen | 2007-08-30 00:35:05 +0200 (Thu, 30 Aug 2007) | 17 lines This contains a number of things: 1) Improve the documentation of the SSL module, with a fuller explanation of certificate usage, another reference, proper formatting of this and that. 2) Fix Windows bug in ssl.py, and general bug in sslsocket.close(). Remove some unused code from ssl.py. Allow accept() to be called on sslsocket sockets. 3) Use try-except-else in import of ssl in socket.py. Deprecate use of socket.ssl(). 4) Remove use of socket.ssl() in every library module, except for test_socket_ssl.py and test_ssl.py. ........ r57714 | georg.brandl | 2007-08-30 12:09:42 +0200 (Thu, 30 Aug 2007) | 2 lines Stronger urge to convert filenames to str before using them as argument to ZipFile.write(). ........ r57716 | georg.brandl | 2007-08-30 12:38:56 +0200 (Thu, 30 Aug 2007) | 2 lines Patch #1680959: add test suite for pipes module. ........ r57717 | georg.brandl | 2007-08-30 14:32:23 +0200 (Thu, 30 Aug 2007) | 3 lines * Skip test_pipes on non-POSIX. * Don't raise TestSkipped within a test function. ........ r57723 | mark.summerfield | 2007-08-30 17:03:03 +0200 (Thu, 30 Aug 2007) | 3 lines Added more cross-references. ........ r57726 | walter.doerwald | 2007-08-30 17:30:09 +0200 (Thu, 30 Aug 2007) | 2 lines Rewrap line. ........ r57727 | walter.doerwald | 2007-08-30 17:34:55 +0200 (Thu, 30 Aug 2007) | 2 lines Set startinpos before calling the error handler. ........ r57730 | bill.janssen | 2007-08-30 19:07:28 +0200 (Thu, 30 Aug 2007) | 3 lines Added docstrings to methods and functions. ........ r57743 | bill.janssen | 2007-08-30 20:08:06 +0200 (Thu, 30 Aug 2007) | 1 line added note on new ssl module and deprecation of socket.ssl ........ r57747 | martin.v.loewis | 2007-08-30 20:14:01 +0200 (Thu, 30 Aug 2007) | 1 line Fix popen usage. ........ r57748 | martin.v.loewis | 2007-08-30 20:15:22 +0200 (Thu, 30 Aug 2007) | 1 line Fix typo. ........ r57750 | martin.v.loewis | 2007-08-30 20:25:47 +0200 (Thu, 30 Aug 2007) | 1 line Bug #1746880: Correctly install DLLs into system32 folder on Win64. ........ r57760 | martin.v.loewis | 2007-08-30 21:04:09 +0200 (Thu, 30 Aug 2007) | 1 line Bug #1709599: Run test_1565150 only if the file system is NTFS. ........ r57762 | martin.v.loewis | 2007-08-30 22:10:57 +0200 (Thu, 30 Aug 2007) | 2 lines Bump autoconf minimum version to 2.61. ........ r57764 | lars.gustaebel | 2007-08-30 22:24:31 +0200 (Thu, 30 Aug 2007) | 2 lines Warn about possible risks when extracting untrusted archives. ........ r57769 | thomas.wouters | 2007-08-30 23:01:17 +0200 (Thu, 30 Aug 2007) | 7 lines Somewhat-preliminary slice-object and extended slicing support for ctypes. The exact behaviour of omitted and negative indices for the Pointer type may need a closer look (especially as it's subtly different from simple slices) but there's time yet before 2.6, and not enough before 3.0a1 :-) ........
2007-08-30 19:15:33 -03:00
.. warning::
See the warning for :meth:`extractall`.
2007-08-15 11:28:22 -03:00
.. method:: TarFile.extractfile(member)
Extract a member from the archive as a file object. *member* may be a filename
or a :class:`TarInfo` object. If *member* is a regular file, a file-like object
is returned. If *member* is a link, a file-like object is constructed from the
Merged revisions 63402,63405,63411,63457,63467-63468,63480,63507-63508,63516,63534,63541 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r63402 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-05-16 23:13:36 -0500 (Fri, 16 May 2008) | 1 line Fix-up docstring ........ r63405 | gregory.p.smith | 2008-05-17 02:17:34 -0500 (Sat, 17 May 2008) | 3 lines fix issue2381: test_subprocess fails if your sys.executable is on a path with a space in it. ........ r63411 | lars.gustaebel | 2008-05-17 11:50:22 -0500 (Sat, 17 May 2008) | 8 lines Replace signatures with optional arguments in square brackets with keyword arguments and the actual default values. Fix references that point nowhere or to the wrong place. Add description of the ENCODING module-level variable. Fix the URL pointing to the GNU tar manual. Remove two obsolete examples. Add an example on how to use a generator with TarFile.extractall(). ........ r63457 | ronald.oussoren | 2008-05-18 15:09:54 -0500 (Sun, 18 May 2008) | 9 lines MacOSX: ctypes annotation in implementation of getproxies_macosx_sysconf getproxies_macosx_sysconf uses ctypes to call SystemConfiguration APIs. This checkin adds ctypes annotation to specify the right argument types for the API's that are used. This is needed to be able to use urllib on a 64-bit system, without annotations you'd get a hard crash. ........ r63467 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-05-18 22:03:46 -0500 (Sun, 18 May 2008) | 1 line Re-organize the increasingly long list of deprecated modules ........ r63468 | benjamin.peterson | 2008-05-19 06:55:54 -0500 (Mon, 19 May 2008) | 2 lines just MacOS (instead of MacOS 9) ........ r63480 | neal.norwitz | 2008-05-20 00:21:57 -0500 (Tue, 20 May 2008) | 1 line Add html package so it gets installed and more tests work (from installed copy) ........ r63507 | vinay.sajip | 2008-05-20 10:34:36 -0500 (Tue, 20 May 2008) | 1 line Fixed: #2914 (RFE for UTC support in TimedRotatingFileHandler) and #2929 (wrong filename used to delete old log files). ........ r63508 | vinay.sajip | 2008-05-20 10:37:22 -0500 (Tue, 20 May 2008) | 1 line Updated with fixes for #2914 and #2929. ........ r63516 | martin.v.loewis | 2008-05-21 02:31:31 -0500 (Wed, 21 May 2008) | 2 lines Add Robert Schuppenies. ........ r63534 | brett.cannon | 2008-05-21 22:18:35 -0500 (Wed, 21 May 2008) | 1 line Add Quentin Gallet-Gilles for (at least) a fixer for markupbase. ........ r63541 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-05-22 19:49:27 -0500 (Thu, 22 May 2008) | 1 line Docs for Issue 2819. ........
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link's target. If *member* is none of the above, :const:`None` is returned.
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.. note::
The file-like object is read-only. It provides the methods
:meth:`read`, :meth:`readline`, :meth:`readlines`, :meth:`seek`, :meth:`tell`,
and :meth:`close`, and also supports iteration over its lines.
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.. method:: TarFile.add(name, arcname=None, recursive=True, exclude=None, filter=None)
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Add the file *name* to the archive. *name* may be any type of file (directory,
fifo, symbolic link, etc.). If given, *arcname* specifies an alternative name
for the file in the archive. Directories are added recursively by default. This
can be avoided by setting *recursive* to :const:`False`. If *exclude* is given,
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it must be a function that takes one filename argument and returns a boolean
value. Depending on this value the respective file is either excluded
(:const:`True`) or added (:const:`False`). If *filter* is specified it must
be a function that takes a :class:`TarInfo` object argument and returns the
Merged revisions 75149,75260-75263,75265-75267,75292,75300,75376,75405,75429-75433,75437,75445,75501,75551,75572,75589-75591,75657,75742,75868,75952-75957,76057,76105,76139,76143,76162,76223 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r75149 | gregory.p.smith | 2009-09-29 16:56:31 -0500 (Tue, 29 Sep 2009) | 3 lines Mention issue6972 in extractall docs about overwriting things outside of the supplied path. ........ r75260 | andrew.kuchling | 2009-10-05 16:24:20 -0500 (Mon, 05 Oct 2009) | 1 line Wording fix ........ r75261 | andrew.kuchling | 2009-10-05 16:24:35 -0500 (Mon, 05 Oct 2009) | 1 line Fix narkup ........ r75262 | andrew.kuchling | 2009-10-05 16:25:03 -0500 (Mon, 05 Oct 2009) | 1 line Document 'skip' parameter to constructor ........ r75263 | andrew.kuchling | 2009-10-05 16:25:35 -0500 (Mon, 05 Oct 2009) | 1 line Note side benefit of socket.create_connection() ........ r75265 | andrew.kuchling | 2009-10-05 17:31:11 -0500 (Mon, 05 Oct 2009) | 1 line Reword sentence ........ r75266 | andrew.kuchling | 2009-10-05 17:32:48 -0500 (Mon, 05 Oct 2009) | 1 line Use standard comma punctuation; reword some sentences in the docs ........ r75267 | andrew.kuchling | 2009-10-05 17:42:56 -0500 (Mon, 05 Oct 2009) | 1 line Backport r73983: Document the thousands separator. ........ r75292 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-10-08 22:11:36 -0500 (Thu, 08 Oct 2009) | 1 line death to old CVS keyword ........ r75300 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-10-09 16:48:14 -0500 (Fri, 09 Oct 2009) | 1 line fix some coding style ........ r75376 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-10-11 20:26:07 -0500 (Sun, 11 Oct 2009) | 1 line platform we don't care about ........ r75405 | neil.schemenauer | 2009-10-14 12:17:14 -0500 (Wed, 14 Oct 2009) | 4 lines Issue #1754094: Improve the stack depth calculation in the compiler. There should be no other effect than a small decrease in memory use. Patch by Christopher Tur Lesniewski-Laas. ........ r75429 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-10-14 20:47:28 -0500 (Wed, 14 Oct 2009) | 1 line pep8ify if blocks ........ r75430 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-10-14 20:49:37 -0500 (Wed, 14 Oct 2009) | 1 line use floor division and add a test that exercises the tabsize codepath ........ r75431 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-10-14 20:56:25 -0500 (Wed, 14 Oct 2009) | 1 line change test to what I intended ........ r75432 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-10-14 22:05:39 -0500 (Wed, 14 Oct 2009) | 1 line some cleanups ........ r75433 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-10-14 22:06:55 -0500 (Wed, 14 Oct 2009) | 1 line make inspect.isabstract() always return a boolean; add a test for it, too #7069 ........ r75437 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-10-15 10:44:46 -0500 (Thu, 15 Oct 2009) | 1 line only clear a module's __dict__ if the module is the only one with a reference to it #7140 ........ r75445 | vinay.sajip | 2009-10-16 09:06:44 -0500 (Fri, 16 Oct 2009) | 1 line Issue #7120: logging: Removed import of multiprocessing which is causing crash in GAE. ........ r75501 | antoine.pitrou | 2009-10-18 13:37:11 -0500 (Sun, 18 Oct 2009) | 3 lines Add a comment about unreachable code, and fix a typo ........ r75551 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-10-19 22:14:10 -0500 (Mon, 19 Oct 2009) | 1 line use property api ........ r75572 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-10-20 16:55:17 -0500 (Tue, 20 Oct 2009) | 1 line clarify buffer arg #7178 ........ r75589 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-10-21 21:26:47 -0500 (Wed, 21 Oct 2009) | 1 line whitespace ........ r75590 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-10-21 21:36:47 -0500 (Wed, 21 Oct 2009) | 1 line rewrite to be nice to other implementations ........ r75591 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-10-21 21:50:38 -0500 (Wed, 21 Oct 2009) | 4 lines rewrite for style, clarify, and comments Also, use the hasattr() like scheme of allowing BaseException exceptions through. ........ r75657 | antoine.pitrou | 2009-10-24 07:41:27 -0500 (Sat, 24 Oct 2009) | 3 lines Fix compilation error in debug mode. ........ r75742 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-10-26 17:51:16 -0500 (Mon, 26 Oct 2009) | 1 line use 'is' instead of id() ........ r75868 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-10-27 15:59:18 -0500 (Tue, 27 Oct 2009) | 1 line test expect base classes ........ r75952 | georg.brandl | 2009-10-29 15:38:32 -0500 (Thu, 29 Oct 2009) | 1 line Use the correct function name in docstring. ........ r75953 | georg.brandl | 2009-10-29 15:39:50 -0500 (Thu, 29 Oct 2009) | 1 line Remove mention of the old -X command line switch. ........ r75954 | georg.brandl | 2009-10-29 15:53:00 -0500 (Thu, 29 Oct 2009) | 1 line Use constants instead of magic integers for test result. Do not re-run with --verbose3 for environment changing tests. ........ r75955 | georg.brandl | 2009-10-29 15:54:03 -0500 (Thu, 29 Oct 2009) | 1 line Use a single style for all the docstrings in the math module. ........ r75956 | georg.brandl | 2009-10-29 16:16:34 -0500 (Thu, 29 Oct 2009) | 1 line I do not think the "railroad" program mentioned is still available. ........ r75957 | georg.brandl | 2009-10-29 16:44:56 -0500 (Thu, 29 Oct 2009) | 1 line Fix constant name. ........ r76057 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-11-02 09:06:45 -0600 (Mon, 02 Nov 2009) | 1 line prevent a rather unlikely segfault ........ r76105 | georg.brandl | 2009-11-04 01:38:12 -0600 (Wed, 04 Nov 2009) | 1 line #7259: show correct equivalent for operator.i* operations in docstring; fix minor issues in operator docs. ........ r76139 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-11-06 19:04:38 -0600 (Fri, 06 Nov 2009) | 1 line spelling ........ r76143 | georg.brandl | 2009-11-07 02:26:07 -0600 (Sat, 07 Nov 2009) | 1 line #7271: fix typo. ........ r76162 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-11-08 22:10:53 -0600 (Sun, 08 Nov 2009) | 1 line discuss how to use -p ........ r76223 | georg.brandl | 2009-11-12 02:29:46 -0600 (Thu, 12 Nov 2009) | 1 line Give the profile module a module directive. ........
2009-11-12 22:25:08 -04:00
changed :class:`TarInfo` object. If it instead returns :const:`None` the :class:`TarInfo`
object will be excluded from the archive. See :ref:`tar-examples` for an
example.
.. versionchanged:: 3.2
Added the *filter* parameter.
.. deprecated:: 3.2
The *exclude* parameter is deprecated, please use the *filter* parameter
instead.
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Merged revisions 63402,63405,63411,63457,63467-63468,63480,63507-63508,63516,63534,63541 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r63402 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-05-16 23:13:36 -0500 (Fri, 16 May 2008) | 1 line Fix-up docstring ........ r63405 | gregory.p.smith | 2008-05-17 02:17:34 -0500 (Sat, 17 May 2008) | 3 lines fix issue2381: test_subprocess fails if your sys.executable is on a path with a space in it. ........ r63411 | lars.gustaebel | 2008-05-17 11:50:22 -0500 (Sat, 17 May 2008) | 8 lines Replace signatures with optional arguments in square brackets with keyword arguments and the actual default values. Fix references that point nowhere or to the wrong place. Add description of the ENCODING module-level variable. Fix the URL pointing to the GNU tar manual. Remove two obsolete examples. Add an example on how to use a generator with TarFile.extractall(). ........ r63457 | ronald.oussoren | 2008-05-18 15:09:54 -0500 (Sun, 18 May 2008) | 9 lines MacOSX: ctypes annotation in implementation of getproxies_macosx_sysconf getproxies_macosx_sysconf uses ctypes to call SystemConfiguration APIs. This checkin adds ctypes annotation to specify the right argument types for the API's that are used. This is needed to be able to use urllib on a 64-bit system, without annotations you'd get a hard crash. ........ r63467 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-05-18 22:03:46 -0500 (Sun, 18 May 2008) | 1 line Re-organize the increasingly long list of deprecated modules ........ r63468 | benjamin.peterson | 2008-05-19 06:55:54 -0500 (Mon, 19 May 2008) | 2 lines just MacOS (instead of MacOS 9) ........ r63480 | neal.norwitz | 2008-05-20 00:21:57 -0500 (Tue, 20 May 2008) | 1 line Add html package so it gets installed and more tests work (from installed copy) ........ r63507 | vinay.sajip | 2008-05-20 10:34:36 -0500 (Tue, 20 May 2008) | 1 line Fixed: #2914 (RFE for UTC support in TimedRotatingFileHandler) and #2929 (wrong filename used to delete old log files). ........ r63508 | vinay.sajip | 2008-05-20 10:37:22 -0500 (Tue, 20 May 2008) | 1 line Updated with fixes for #2914 and #2929. ........ r63516 | martin.v.loewis | 2008-05-21 02:31:31 -0500 (Wed, 21 May 2008) | 2 lines Add Robert Schuppenies. ........ r63534 | brett.cannon | 2008-05-21 22:18:35 -0500 (Wed, 21 May 2008) | 1 line Add Quentin Gallet-Gilles for (at least) a fixer for markupbase. ........ r63541 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-05-22 19:49:27 -0500 (Thu, 22 May 2008) | 1 line Docs for Issue 2819. ........
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.. method:: TarFile.addfile(tarinfo, fileobj=None)
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Add the :class:`TarInfo` object *tarinfo* to the archive. If *fileobj* is given,
``tarinfo.size`` bytes are read from it and added to the archive. You can
create :class:`TarInfo` objects using :meth:`gettarinfo`.
.. note::
On Windows platforms, *fileobj* should always be opened with mode ``'rb'`` to
avoid irritation about the file size.
Merged revisions 63402,63405,63411,63457,63467-63468,63480,63507-63508,63516,63534,63541 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r63402 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-05-16 23:13:36 -0500 (Fri, 16 May 2008) | 1 line Fix-up docstring ........ r63405 | gregory.p.smith | 2008-05-17 02:17:34 -0500 (Sat, 17 May 2008) | 3 lines fix issue2381: test_subprocess fails if your sys.executable is on a path with a space in it. ........ r63411 | lars.gustaebel | 2008-05-17 11:50:22 -0500 (Sat, 17 May 2008) | 8 lines Replace signatures with optional arguments in square brackets with keyword arguments and the actual default values. Fix references that point nowhere or to the wrong place. Add description of the ENCODING module-level variable. Fix the URL pointing to the GNU tar manual. Remove two obsolete examples. Add an example on how to use a generator with TarFile.extractall(). ........ r63457 | ronald.oussoren | 2008-05-18 15:09:54 -0500 (Sun, 18 May 2008) | 9 lines MacOSX: ctypes annotation in implementation of getproxies_macosx_sysconf getproxies_macosx_sysconf uses ctypes to call SystemConfiguration APIs. This checkin adds ctypes annotation to specify the right argument types for the API's that are used. This is needed to be able to use urllib on a 64-bit system, without annotations you'd get a hard crash. ........ r63467 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-05-18 22:03:46 -0500 (Sun, 18 May 2008) | 1 line Re-organize the increasingly long list of deprecated modules ........ r63468 | benjamin.peterson | 2008-05-19 06:55:54 -0500 (Mon, 19 May 2008) | 2 lines just MacOS (instead of MacOS 9) ........ r63480 | neal.norwitz | 2008-05-20 00:21:57 -0500 (Tue, 20 May 2008) | 1 line Add html package so it gets installed and more tests work (from installed copy) ........ r63507 | vinay.sajip | 2008-05-20 10:34:36 -0500 (Tue, 20 May 2008) | 1 line Fixed: #2914 (RFE for UTC support in TimedRotatingFileHandler) and #2929 (wrong filename used to delete old log files). ........ r63508 | vinay.sajip | 2008-05-20 10:37:22 -0500 (Tue, 20 May 2008) | 1 line Updated with fixes for #2914 and #2929. ........ r63516 | martin.v.loewis | 2008-05-21 02:31:31 -0500 (Wed, 21 May 2008) | 2 lines Add Robert Schuppenies. ........ r63534 | brett.cannon | 2008-05-21 22:18:35 -0500 (Wed, 21 May 2008) | 1 line Add Quentin Gallet-Gilles for (at least) a fixer for markupbase. ........ r63541 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-05-22 19:49:27 -0500 (Thu, 22 May 2008) | 1 line Docs for Issue 2819. ........
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.. method:: TarFile.gettarinfo(name=None, arcname=None, fileobj=None)
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Create a :class:`TarInfo` object for either the file *name* or the file object
*fileobj* (using :func:`os.fstat` on its file descriptor). You can modify some
of the :class:`TarInfo`'s attributes before you add it using :meth:`addfile`.
If given, *arcname* specifies an alternative name for the file in the archive.
.. method:: TarFile.close()
Close the :class:`TarFile`. In write mode, two finishing zero blocks are
appended to the archive.
.. attribute:: TarFile.pax_headers
A dictionary containing key-value pairs of pax global headers.
.. _tarinfo-objects:
TarInfo Objects
---------------
A :class:`TarInfo` object represents one member in a :class:`TarFile`. Aside
from storing all required attributes of a file (like file type, size, time,
permissions, owner etc.), it provides some useful methods to determine its type.
It does *not* contain the file's data itself.
:class:`TarInfo` objects are returned by :class:`TarFile`'s methods
:meth:`getmember`, :meth:`getmembers` and :meth:`gettarinfo`.
Merged revisions 63402,63405,63411,63457,63467-63468,63480,63507-63508,63516,63534,63541 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r63402 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-05-16 23:13:36 -0500 (Fri, 16 May 2008) | 1 line Fix-up docstring ........ r63405 | gregory.p.smith | 2008-05-17 02:17:34 -0500 (Sat, 17 May 2008) | 3 lines fix issue2381: test_subprocess fails if your sys.executable is on a path with a space in it. ........ r63411 | lars.gustaebel | 2008-05-17 11:50:22 -0500 (Sat, 17 May 2008) | 8 lines Replace signatures with optional arguments in square brackets with keyword arguments and the actual default values. Fix references that point nowhere or to the wrong place. Add description of the ENCODING module-level variable. Fix the URL pointing to the GNU tar manual. Remove two obsolete examples. Add an example on how to use a generator with TarFile.extractall(). ........ r63457 | ronald.oussoren | 2008-05-18 15:09:54 -0500 (Sun, 18 May 2008) | 9 lines MacOSX: ctypes annotation in implementation of getproxies_macosx_sysconf getproxies_macosx_sysconf uses ctypes to call SystemConfiguration APIs. This checkin adds ctypes annotation to specify the right argument types for the API's that are used. This is needed to be able to use urllib on a 64-bit system, without annotations you'd get a hard crash. ........ r63467 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-05-18 22:03:46 -0500 (Sun, 18 May 2008) | 1 line Re-organize the increasingly long list of deprecated modules ........ r63468 | benjamin.peterson | 2008-05-19 06:55:54 -0500 (Mon, 19 May 2008) | 2 lines just MacOS (instead of MacOS 9) ........ r63480 | neal.norwitz | 2008-05-20 00:21:57 -0500 (Tue, 20 May 2008) | 1 line Add html package so it gets installed and more tests work (from installed copy) ........ r63507 | vinay.sajip | 2008-05-20 10:34:36 -0500 (Tue, 20 May 2008) | 1 line Fixed: #2914 (RFE for UTC support in TimedRotatingFileHandler) and #2929 (wrong filename used to delete old log files). ........ r63508 | vinay.sajip | 2008-05-20 10:37:22 -0500 (Tue, 20 May 2008) | 1 line Updated with fixes for #2914 and #2929. ........ r63516 | martin.v.loewis | 2008-05-21 02:31:31 -0500 (Wed, 21 May 2008) | 2 lines Add Robert Schuppenies. ........ r63534 | brett.cannon | 2008-05-21 22:18:35 -0500 (Wed, 21 May 2008) | 1 line Add Quentin Gallet-Gilles for (at least) a fixer for markupbase. ........ r63541 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-05-22 19:49:27 -0500 (Thu, 22 May 2008) | 1 line Docs for Issue 2819. ........
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.. class:: TarInfo(name="")
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Create a :class:`TarInfo` object.
.. method:: TarInfo.frombuf(buf)
Create and return a :class:`TarInfo` object from string buffer *buf*.
Raises :exc:`HeaderError` if the buffer is invalid..
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.. method:: TarInfo.fromtarfile(tarfile)
Read the next member from the :class:`TarFile` object *tarfile* and return it as
a :class:`TarInfo` object.
.. method:: TarInfo.tobuf(format=DEFAULT_FORMAT, encoding=ENCODING, errors='surrogateescape')
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Create a string buffer from a :class:`TarInfo` object. For information on the
arguments see the constructor of the :class:`TarFile` class.
.. versionchanged:: 3.2
Use ``'surrogateescape'`` as the default for the *errors* argument.
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A ``TarInfo`` object has the following public data attributes:
.. attribute:: TarInfo.name
Name of the archive member.
.. attribute:: TarInfo.size
Size in bytes.
.. attribute:: TarInfo.mtime
Time of last modification.
.. attribute:: TarInfo.mode
Permission bits.
.. attribute:: TarInfo.type
File type. *type* is usually one of these constants: :const:`REGTYPE`,
:const:`AREGTYPE`, :const:`LNKTYPE`, :const:`SYMTYPE`, :const:`DIRTYPE`,
:const:`FIFOTYPE`, :const:`CONTTYPE`, :const:`CHRTYPE`, :const:`BLKTYPE`,
:const:`GNUTYPE_SPARSE`. To determine the type of a :class:`TarInfo` object
more conveniently, use the ``is_*()`` methods below.
.. attribute:: TarInfo.linkname
Name of the target file name, which is only present in :class:`TarInfo` objects
of type :const:`LNKTYPE` and :const:`SYMTYPE`.
.. attribute:: TarInfo.uid
User ID of the user who originally stored this member.
.. attribute:: TarInfo.gid
Group ID of the user who originally stored this member.
.. attribute:: TarInfo.uname
User name.
.. attribute:: TarInfo.gname
Group name.
.. attribute:: TarInfo.pax_headers
A dictionary containing key-value pairs of an associated pax extended header.
A :class:`TarInfo` object also provides some convenient query methods:
.. method:: TarInfo.isfile()
Return :const:`True` if the :class:`Tarinfo` object is a regular file.
.. method:: TarInfo.isreg()
Same as :meth:`isfile`.
.. method:: TarInfo.isdir()
Return :const:`True` if it is a directory.
.. method:: TarInfo.issym()
Return :const:`True` if it is a symbolic link.
.. method:: TarInfo.islnk()
Return :const:`True` if it is a hard link.
.. method:: TarInfo.ischr()
Return :const:`True` if it is a character device.
.. method:: TarInfo.isblk()
Return :const:`True` if it is a block device.
.. method:: TarInfo.isfifo()
Return :const:`True` if it is a FIFO.
.. method:: TarInfo.isdev()
Return :const:`True` if it is one of character device, block device or FIFO.
.. _tar-examples:
Examples
--------
How to extract an entire tar archive to the current working directory::
import tarfile
tar = tarfile.open("sample.tar.gz")
tar.extractall()
tar.close()
Merged revisions 63402,63405,63411,63457,63467-63468,63480,63507-63508,63516,63534,63541 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r63402 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-05-16 23:13:36 -0500 (Fri, 16 May 2008) | 1 line Fix-up docstring ........ r63405 | gregory.p.smith | 2008-05-17 02:17:34 -0500 (Sat, 17 May 2008) | 3 lines fix issue2381: test_subprocess fails if your sys.executable is on a path with a space in it. ........ r63411 | lars.gustaebel | 2008-05-17 11:50:22 -0500 (Sat, 17 May 2008) | 8 lines Replace signatures with optional arguments in square brackets with keyword arguments and the actual default values. Fix references that point nowhere or to the wrong place. Add description of the ENCODING module-level variable. Fix the URL pointing to the GNU tar manual. Remove two obsolete examples. Add an example on how to use a generator with TarFile.extractall(). ........ r63457 | ronald.oussoren | 2008-05-18 15:09:54 -0500 (Sun, 18 May 2008) | 9 lines MacOSX: ctypes annotation in implementation of getproxies_macosx_sysconf getproxies_macosx_sysconf uses ctypes to call SystemConfiguration APIs. This checkin adds ctypes annotation to specify the right argument types for the API's that are used. This is needed to be able to use urllib on a 64-bit system, without annotations you'd get a hard crash. ........ r63467 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-05-18 22:03:46 -0500 (Sun, 18 May 2008) | 1 line Re-organize the increasingly long list of deprecated modules ........ r63468 | benjamin.peterson | 2008-05-19 06:55:54 -0500 (Mon, 19 May 2008) | 2 lines just MacOS (instead of MacOS 9) ........ r63480 | neal.norwitz | 2008-05-20 00:21:57 -0500 (Tue, 20 May 2008) | 1 line Add html package so it gets installed and more tests work (from installed copy) ........ r63507 | vinay.sajip | 2008-05-20 10:34:36 -0500 (Tue, 20 May 2008) | 1 line Fixed: #2914 (RFE for UTC support in TimedRotatingFileHandler) and #2929 (wrong filename used to delete old log files). ........ r63508 | vinay.sajip | 2008-05-20 10:37:22 -0500 (Tue, 20 May 2008) | 1 line Updated with fixes for #2914 and #2929. ........ r63516 | martin.v.loewis | 2008-05-21 02:31:31 -0500 (Wed, 21 May 2008) | 2 lines Add Robert Schuppenies. ........ r63534 | brett.cannon | 2008-05-21 22:18:35 -0500 (Wed, 21 May 2008) | 1 line Add Quentin Gallet-Gilles for (at least) a fixer for markupbase. ........ r63541 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-05-22 19:49:27 -0500 (Thu, 22 May 2008) | 1 line Docs for Issue 2819. ........
2008-05-26 10:48:34 -03:00
How to extract a subset of a tar archive with :meth:`TarFile.extractall` using
a generator function instead of a list::
import os
import tarfile
def py_files(members):
for tarinfo in members:
if os.path.splitext(tarinfo.name)[1] == ".py":
yield tarinfo
tar = tarfile.open("sample.tar.gz")
tar.extractall(members=py_files(tar))
tar.close()
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How to create an uncompressed tar archive from a list of filenames::
import tarfile
tar = tarfile.open("sample.tar", "w")
for name in ["foo", "bar", "quux"]:
tar.add(name)
tar.close()
The same example using the :keyword:`with` statement::
import tarfile
with tarfile.open("sample.tar", "w") as tar:
for name in ["foo", "bar", "quux"]:
tar.add(name)
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How to read a gzip compressed tar archive and display some member information::
import tarfile
tar = tarfile.open("sample.tar.gz", "r:gz")
for tarinfo in tar:
print(tarinfo.name, "is", tarinfo.size, "bytes in size and is", end="")
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if tarinfo.isreg():
print("a regular file.")
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elif tarinfo.isdir():
print("a directory.")
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else:
print("something else.")
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tar.close()
How to create an archive and reset the user information using the *filter*
parameter in :meth:`TarFile.add`::
import tarfile
def reset(tarinfo):
tarinfo.uid = tarinfo.gid = 0
tarinfo.uname = tarinfo.gname = "root"
return tarinfo
tar = tarfile.open("sample.tar.gz", "w:gz")
tar.add("foo", filter=reset)
tar.close()
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.. _tar-formats:
Supported tar formats
---------------------
There are three tar formats that can be created with the :mod:`tarfile` module:
* The POSIX.1-1988 ustar format (:const:`USTAR_FORMAT`). It supports filenames
up to a length of at best 256 characters and linknames up to 100 characters. The
maximum file size is 8 gigabytes. This is an old and limited but widely
supported format.
* The GNU tar format (:const:`GNU_FORMAT`). It supports long filenames and
linknames, files bigger than 8 gigabytes and sparse files. It is the de facto
standard on GNU/Linux systems. :mod:`tarfile` fully supports the GNU tar
extensions for long names, sparse file support is read-only.
* The POSIX.1-2001 pax format (:const:`PAX_FORMAT`). It is the most flexible
format with virtually no limits. It supports long filenames and linknames, large
files and stores pathnames in a portable way. However, not all tar
implementations today are able to handle pax archives properly.
The *pax* format is an extension to the existing *ustar* format. It uses extra
headers for information that cannot be stored otherwise. There are two flavours
of pax headers: Extended headers only affect the subsequent file header, global
headers are valid for the complete archive and affect all following files. All
the data in a pax header is encoded in *UTF-8* for portability reasons.
There are some more variants of the tar format which can be read, but not
created:
* The ancient V7 format. This is the first tar format from Unix Seventh Edition,
storing only regular files and directories. Names must not be longer than 100
characters, there is no user/group name information. Some archives have
miscalculated header checksums in case of fields with non-ASCII characters.
* The SunOS tar extended format. This format is a variant of the POSIX.1-2001
pax format, but is not compatible.
.. _tar-unicode:
Unicode issues
--------------
The tar format was originally conceived to make backups on tape drives with the
main focus on preserving file system information. Nowadays tar archives are
commonly used for file distribution and exchanging archives over networks. One
problem of the original format (which is the basis of all other formats) is
that there is no concept of supporting different character encodings. For
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example, an ordinary tar archive created on a *UTF-8* system cannot be read
correctly on a *Latin-1* system if it contains non-*ASCII* characters. Textual
metadata (like filenames, linknames, user/group names) will appear damaged.
Unfortunately, there is no way to autodetect the encoding of an archive. The
pax format was designed to solve this problem. It stores non-ASCII metadata
using the universal character encoding *UTF-8*.
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The details of character conversion in :mod:`tarfile` are controlled by the
*encoding* and *errors* keyword arguments of the :class:`TarFile` class.
*encoding* defines the character encoding to use for the metadata in the
archive. The default value is :func:`sys.getfilesystemencoding` or ``'ascii'``
as a fallback. Depending on whether the archive is read or written, the
metadata must be either decoded or encoded. If *encoding* is not set
appropriately, this conversion may fail.
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The *errors* argument defines how characters are treated that cannot be
converted. Possible values are listed in section :ref:`codec-base-classes`.
The default scheme is ``'surrogateescape'`` which Python also uses for its
file system calls, see :ref:`os-filenames`.
In case of :const:`PAX_FORMAT` archives, *encoding* is generally not needed
because all the metadata is stored using *UTF-8*. *encoding* is only used in
the rare cases when binary pax headers are decoded or when strings with
surrogate characters are stored.