cpython/Lib/test/test_syntax.py

"""This module tests SyntaxErrors.

Here's an example of the sort of thing that is tested.

>>> def f(x):
...     global x
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: name 'x' is local and global (<doctest test.test_syntax[0]>, line 1)

The tests are all raise SyntaxErrors.  They were created by checking
each C call that raises SyntaxError.  There are several modules that
raise these exceptions-- ast.c, compile.c, future.c, pythonrun.c, and
symtable.c.

The parser itself outlaws a lot of invalid syntax.  None of these
errors are tested here at the moment.  We should add some tests; since
there are infinitely many programs with invalid syntax, we would need
to be judicious in selecting some.

The compiler generates a synthetic module name for code executed by
doctest.  Since all the code comes from the same module, a suffix like
[1] is appended to the module name, As a consequence, changing the
order of tests in this module means renumbering all the errors after
it.  (Maybe we should enable the ellipsis option for these tests.)

In ast.c, syntax errors are raised by calling ast_error().

Errors from set_context():

>>> obj.None = 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<doctest test.test_syntax[1]>", line 1
SyntaxError: cannot assign to None

>>> None = 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<doctest test.test_syntax[2]>", line 1
SyntaxError: cannot assign to None

It's a syntax error to assign to the empty tuple.  Why isn't it an
error to assign to the empty list?  It will always raise some error at
runtime.

>>> () = 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<doctest test.test_syntax[3]>", line 1
SyntaxError: can't assign to ()

>>> f() = 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<doctest test.test_syntax[4]>", line 1
SyntaxError: can't assign to function call

>>> del f()
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<doctest test.test_syntax[5]>", line 1
SyntaxError: can't delete function call

>>> a + 1 = 2
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<doctest test.test_syntax[6]>", line 1
SyntaxError: can't assign to operator

>>> (x for x in x) = 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<doctest test.test_syntax[7]>", line 1
SyntaxError: can't assign to generator expression

>>> 1 = 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<doctest test.test_syntax[8]>", line 1
SyntaxError: can't assign to literal

>>> "abc" = 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<doctest test.test_syntax[8]>", line 1
SyntaxError: can't assign to literal

>>> `1` = 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<doctest test.test_syntax[10]>", line 1
SyntaxError: can't assign to repr

If the left-hand side of an assignment is a list or tuple, an illegal
expression inside that contain should still cause a syntax error.
This test just checks a couple of cases rather than enumerating all of
them.

>>> (a, "b", c) = (1, 2, 3)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<doctest test.test_syntax[11]>", line 1
SyntaxError: can't assign to literal

>>> [a, b, c + 1] = [1, 2, 3]
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<doctest test.test_syntax[12]>", line 1
SyntaxError: can't assign to operator

>>> a if 1 else b = 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<doctest test.test_syntax[13]>", line 1
SyntaxError: can't assign to conditional expression

From compiler_complex_args():

>>> def f(None=1):
...     pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<doctest test.test_syntax[14]>", line 1
SyntaxError: cannot assign to None


From ast_for_arguments():

>>> def f(x, y=1, z):
...     pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<doctest test.test_syntax[15]>", line 1
SyntaxError: non-default argument follows default argument

>>> def f(x, None):
...     pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<doctest test.test_syntax[16]>", line 1
SyntaxError: cannot assign to None

>>> def f(*None):
...     pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<doctest test.test_syntax[17]>", line 1
SyntaxError: cannot assign to None

>>> def f(**None):
...     pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<doctest test.test_syntax[18]>", line 1
SyntaxError: cannot assign to None


From ast_for_funcdef():

>>> def None(x):
...     pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<doctest test.test_syntax[19]>", line 1
SyntaxError: cannot assign to None


From ast_for_call():

>>> def f(it, *varargs):
...     return list(it)
>>> L = range(10)
>>> f(x for x in L)
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
>>> f(x for x in L, 1)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<doctest test.test_syntax[23]>", line 1
SyntaxError: Generator expression must be parenthesized if not sole argument
>>> f((x for x in L), 1)
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]

>>> f(i0,  i1,  i2,  i3,  i4,  i5,  i6,  i7,  i8,  i9,  i10,  i11,
...   i12,  i13,  i14,  i15,  i16,  i17,  i18,  i19,  i20,  i21,  i22,
...   i23,  i24,  i25,  i26,  i27,  i28,  i29,  i30,  i31,  i32,  i33,
...   i34,  i35,  i36,  i37,  i38,  i39,  i40,  i41,  i42,  i43,  i44,
...   i45,  i46,  i47,  i48,  i49,  i50,  i51,  i52,  i53,  i54,  i55,
...   i56,  i57,  i58,  i59,  i60,  i61,  i62,  i63,  i64,  i65,  i66,
...   i67,  i68,  i69,  i70,  i71,  i72,  i73,  i74,  i75,  i76,  i77,
...   i78,  i79,  i80,  i81,  i82,  i83,  i84,  i85,  i86,  i87,  i88,
...   i89,  i90,  i91,  i92,  i93,  i94,  i95,  i96,  i97,  i98,  i99,
...   i100,  i101,  i102,  i103,  i104,  i105,  i106,  i107,  i108,
...   i109,  i110,  i111,  i112,  i113,  i114,  i115,  i116,  i117,
...   i118,  i119,  i120,  i121,  i122,  i123,  i124,  i125,  i126,
...   i127,  i128,  i129,  i130,  i131,  i132,  i133,  i134,  i135,
...   i136,  i137,  i138,  i139,  i140,  i141,  i142,  i143,  i144,
...   i145,  i146,  i147,  i148,  i149,  i150,  i151,  i152,  i153,
...   i154,  i155,  i156,  i157,  i158,  i159,  i160,  i161,  i162,
...   i163,  i164,  i165,  i166,  i167,  i168,  i169,  i170,  i171,
...   i172,  i173,  i174,  i175,  i176,  i177,  i178,  i179,  i180,
...   i181,  i182,  i183,  i184,  i185,  i186,  i187,  i188,  i189,
...   i190,  i191,  i192,  i193,  i194,  i195,  i196,  i197,  i198,
...   i199,  i200,  i201,  i202,  i203,  i204,  i205,  i206,  i207,
...   i208,  i209,  i210,  i211,  i212,  i213,  i214,  i215,  i216,
...   i217,  i218,  i219,  i220,  i221,  i222,  i223,  i224,  i225,
...   i226,  i227,  i228,  i229,  i230,  i231,  i232,  i233,  i234,
...   i235,  i236,  i237,  i238,  i239,  i240,  i241,  i242,  i243,
...   i244,  i245,  i246,  i247,  i248,  i249,  i250,  i251,  i252,
...   i253,  i254,  i255)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<doctest test.test_syntax[25]>", line 1
SyntaxError: more than 255 arguments

The actual error cases counts positional arguments, keyword arguments,
and generator expression arguments separately.  This test combines the
three.

>>> f(i0,  i1,  i2,  i3,  i4,  i5,  i6,  i7,  i8,  i9,  i10,  i11,
...   i12,  i13,  i14,  i15,  i16,  i17,  i18,  i19,  i20,  i21,  i22,
...   i23,  i24,  i25,  i26,  i27,  i28,  i29,  i30,  i31,  i32,  i33,
...   i34,  i35,  i36,  i37,  i38,  i39,  i40,  i41,  i42,  i43,  i44,
...   i45,  i46,  i47,  i48,  i49,  i50,  i51,  i52,  i53,  i54,  i55,
...   i56,  i57,  i58,  i59,  i60,  i61,  i62,  i63,  i64,  i65,  i66,
...   i67,  i68,  i69,  i70,  i71,  i72,  i73,  i74,  i75,  i76,  i77,
...   i78,  i79,  i80,  i81,  i82,  i83,  i84,  i85,  i86,  i87,  i88,
...   i89,  i90,  i91,  i92,  i93,  i94,  i95,  i96,  i97,  i98,  i99,
...   i100,  i101,  i102,  i103,  i104,  i105,  i106,  i107,  i108,
...   i109,  i110,  i111,  i112,  i113,  i114,  i115,  i116,  i117,
...   i118,  i119,  i120,  i121,  i122,  i123,  i124,  i125,  i126,
...   i127,  i128,  i129,  i130,  i131,  i132,  i133,  i134,  i135,
...   i136,  i137,  i138,  i139,  i140,  i141,  i142,  i143,  i144,
...   i145,  i146,  i147,  i148,  i149,  i150,  i151,  i152,  i153,
...   i154,  i155,  i156,  i157,  i158,  i159,  i160,  i161,  i162,
...   i163,  i164,  i165,  i166,  i167,  i168,  i169,  i170,  i171,
...   i172,  i173,  i174,  i175,  i176,  i177,  i178,  i179,  i180,
...   i181,  i182,  i183,  i184,  i185,  i186,  i187,  i188,  i189,
...   i190,  i191,  i192,  i193,  i194,  i195,  i196,  i197,  i198,
...   i199,  i200,  i201,  i202,  i203,  i204,  i205,  i206,  i207,
...   i208,  i209,  i210,  i211,  i212,  i213,  i214,  i215,  i216,
...   i217,  i218,  i219,  i220,  i221,  i222,  i223,  i224,  i225,
...   i226,  i227,  i228,  i229,  i230,  i231,  i232,  i233,  i234,
...   i235, i236,  i237,  i238,  i239,  i240,  i241,  i242,  i243,
...   (x for x in i244),  i245,  i246,  i247,  i248,  i249,  i250,  i251,
...    i252=1, i253=1,  i254=1,  i255=1)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<doctest test.test_syntax[26]>", line 1
SyntaxError: more than 255 arguments

>>> f(lambda x: x[0] = 3)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<doctest test.test_syntax[27]>", line 1
SyntaxError: lambda cannot contain assignment

The grammar accepts any test (basically, any expression) in the
keyword slot of a call site.  Test a few different options.

>>> f(x()=2)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<doctest test.test_syntax[28]>", line 1
SyntaxError: keyword can't be an expression
>>> f(a or b=1)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<doctest test.test_syntax[29]>", line 1
SyntaxError: keyword can't be an expression
>>> f(x.y=1)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<doctest test.test_syntax[30]>", line 1
SyntaxError: keyword can't be an expression


More set_context():

>>> (x for x in x) += 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<doctest test.test_syntax[31]>", line 1
SyntaxError: can't assign to generator expression
>>> None += 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<doctest test.test_syntax[32]>", line 1
SyntaxError: cannot assign to None
>>> f() += 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<doctest test.test_syntax[33]>", line 1
SyntaxError: can't assign to function call


Test continue in finally in weird combinations.

continue in for loop under finally should be ok.

    >>> def test():
    ...     try:
    ...         pass
    ...     finally:
    ...         for abc in range(10):
    ...             continue
    ...     print abc
    >>> test()
    9

Start simple, a continue in a finally should not be allowed.

    >>> def test():
    ...    for abc in range(10):
    ...        try:
    ...            pass
    ...        finally:
    ...            continue
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      ...
      File "<doctest test.test_syntax[36]>", line 6
    SyntaxError: 'continue' not supported inside 'finally' clause

This is essentially a continue in a finally which should not be allowed.

    >>> def test():
    ...    for abc in range(10):
    ...        try:
    ...            pass
    ...        finally:
    ...            try:
    ...                continue
    ...            except:
    ...                pass
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      ...
      File "<doctest test.test_syntax[37]>", line 6
    SyntaxError: 'continue' not supported inside 'finally' clause

    >>> def foo():
    ...     try:
    ...         pass
    ...     finally:
    ...         continue
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      ...
      File "<doctest test.test_syntax[38]>", line 5
    SyntaxError: 'continue' not supported inside 'finally' clause

    >>> def foo():
    ...     for a in ():
    ...       try:
    ...           pass
    ...       finally:
    ...           continue
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      ...
      File "<doctest test.test_syntax[39]>", line 6
    SyntaxError: 'continue' not supported inside 'finally' clause

    >>> def foo():
    ...     for a in ():
    ...         try:
    ...             pass
    ...         finally:
    ...             try:
    ...                 continue
    ...             finally:
    ...                 pass
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      ...
      File "<doctest test.test_syntax[40]>", line 7
    SyntaxError: 'continue' not supported inside 'finally' clause

    >>> def foo():
    ...  for a in ():
    ...   try: pass
    ...   finally:
    ...    try:
    ...     pass
    ...    except:
    ...     continue
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      ...
      File "<doctest test.test_syntax[41]>", line 8
    SyntaxError: 'continue' not supported inside 'finally' clause

There is one test for a break that is not in a loop.  The compiler
uses a single data structure to keep track of try-finally and loops,
so we need to be sure that a break is actually inside a loop.  If it
isn't, there should be a syntax error.

   >>> try:
   ...     print 1
   ...     break
   ...     print 2
   ... finally:
   ...     print 3
   Traceback (most recent call last):
     ...
     File "<doctest test.test_syntax[42]>", line 3
   SyntaxError: 'break' outside loop

This should probably raise a better error than a SystemError (or none at all).
In 2.5 there was a missing exception and an assert was triggered in a debug
build.  The number of blocks must be greater than CO_MAXBLOCKS.  SF #1565514

   >>> while 1:
   ...  while 2:
   ...   while 3:
   ...    while 4:
   ...     while 5:
   ...      while 6:
   ...       while 8:
   ...        while 9:
   ...         while 10:
   ...          while 11:
   ...           while 12:
   ...            while 13:
   ...             while 14:
   ...              while 15:
   ...               while 16:
   ...                while 17:
   ...                 while 18:
   ...                  while 19:
   ...                   while 20:
   ...                    while 21:
   ...                     while 22:
   ...                      break
   Traceback (most recent call last):
     ...
   SystemError: too many statically nested blocks

This tests assignment-context; there was a bug in Python 2.5 where compiling
a complex 'if' (one with 'elif') would fail to notice an invalid suite,
leading to spurious errors.

   >>> if 1:
   ...   x() = 1
   ... elif 1:
   ...   pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
     ...
     File "<doctest test.test_syntax[44]>", line 2
   SyntaxError: can't assign to function call

   >>> if 1:
   ...   pass
   ... elif 1:
   ...   x() = 1
   Traceback (most recent call last):
     ...
     File "<doctest test.test_syntax[45]>", line 4
   SyntaxError: can't assign to function call

   >>> if 1:
   ...   x() = 1
   ... elif 1:
   ...   pass
   ... else:
   ...   pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
     ...
     File "<doctest test.test_syntax[46]>", line 2
   SyntaxError: can't assign to function call

   >>> if 1:
   ...   pass
   ... elif 1:
   ...   x() = 1
   ... else:
   ...   pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
     ...
     File "<doctest test.test_syntax[47]>", line 4
   SyntaxError: can't assign to function call

   >>> if 1:
   ...   pass
   ... elif 1:
   ...   pass
   ... else:
   ...   x() = 1
   Traceback (most recent call last):
     ...
     File "<doctest test.test_syntax[48]>", line 6
   SyntaxError: can't assign to function call

>>> f(a=23, a=234)
Traceback (most recent call last):
   ...
  File "<doctest test.test_syntax[49]>", line 1
SyntaxError: keyword argument repeated

>>> del ()
Traceback (most recent call last):
   ...
  File "<doctest test.test_syntax[50]>", line 1
SyntaxError: can't delete ()

>>> {1, 2, 3} = 42
Traceback (most recent call last):
   ...
   File "<doctest test.test_syntax[50]>", line 1
SyntaxError: can't assign to literal

Corner-case that used to crash:

    >>> def f(*xx, **__debug__): pass
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__

"""

import re
import unittest
import warnings

from test import test_support

class SyntaxTestCase(unittest.TestCase):

    def _check_error(self, code, errtext,
                     filename="<testcase>", mode="exec", subclass=None):
        """Check that compiling code raises SyntaxError with errtext.

        errtest is a regular expression that must be present in the
        test of the exception raised.  If subclass is specified it
        is the expected subclass of SyntaxError (e.g. IndentationError).
        """
        try:
            compile(code, filename, mode)
        except SyntaxError, err:
            if subclass and not isinstance(err, subclass):
                self.fail("SyntaxError is not a %s" % subclass.__name__)
            mo = re.search(errtext, str(err))
            if mo is None:
                self.fail("%s did not contain '%r'" % (err, errtext,))
        else:
            self.fail("compile() did not raise SyntaxError")

    def test_paren_arg_with_default(self):
        self._check_error("def f((x)=23): pass",
                          "parenthesized arg with default")

    def test_assign_call(self):
        self._check_error("f() = 1", "assign")

    def test_assign_del(self):
        self._check_error("del f()", "delete")

    def test_global_err_then_warn(self):
        # Bug tickler:  The SyntaxError raised for one global statement
        # shouldn't be clobbered by a SyntaxWarning issued for a later one.
        source = re.sub('(?m)^ *:', '', """\
            :def error(a):
            :    global a  # SyntaxError
            :def warning():
            :    b = 1
            :    global b  # SyntaxWarning
            :""")
        warnings.filterwarnings(action='ignore', category=SyntaxWarning)
        self._check_error(source, "global")
        warnings.filters.pop(0)

    def test_break_outside_loop(self):
        self._check_error("break", "outside loop")

    def test_delete_deref(self):
        source = re.sub('(?m)^ *:', '', """\
            :def foo(x):
            :  def bar():
            :    print x
            :  del x
            :""")
        self._check_error(source, "nested scope")

    def test_unexpected_indent(self):
        self._check_error("foo()\n bar()\n", "unexpected indent",
                          subclass=IndentationError)

    def test_no_indent(self):
        self._check_error("if 1:\nfoo()", "expected an indented block",
                          subclass=IndentationError)

    def test_bad_outdent(self):
        self._check_error("if 1:\n  foo()\n bar()",
                          "unindent does not match .* level",
                          subclass=IndentationError)

    def test_kwargs_last(self):
        self._check_error("int(base=10, '2')", "non-keyword arg")

def test_main():
    test_support.run_unittest(SyntaxTestCase)
    from test import test_syntax
    with test_support.check_py3k_warnings(("backquote not supported",
                                             SyntaxWarning)):
        test_support.run_doctest(test_syntax, verbosity=True)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    test_main()