233 lines
9.9 KiB
Plaintext
233 lines
9.9 KiB
Plaintext
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% underscore.sty 12-Oct-2001 Donald Arseneau asnd@triumf.ca
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% Make the "_" character print as "\textunderscore" in text.
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% Copyright 1998,2001 Donald Arseneau; Distribute freely if unchanged.
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% Instructions follow after the definitions.
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\ProvidesPackage{underscore}[2001/10/12]
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\begingroup
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\catcode`\_=\active
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\gdef_{% \relax % No relax gives a small vulnerability in alignments
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\ifx\if@safe@actives\iftrue % must be outermost test!
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\string_%
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\else
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\ifx\protect\@typeset@protect
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\ifmmode \sb \else \BreakableUnderscore \fi
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\else
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\ifx\protect\@unexpandable@protect \noexpand_%
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\else \protect_%
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\fi\fi
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\fi}
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\endgroup
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% At begin: set catcode; fix \long \ttdefault so I can use it in comparisons;
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\AtBeginDocument{%
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{\immediate\write\@auxout{\catcode\number\string`\_ \string\active}}%
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\catcode\string`\_\string=\active
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\edef\ttdefault{\ttdefault}%
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}
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\newcommand{\BreakableUnderscore}{\leavevmode\nobreak\hskip\z@skip
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\ifx\f@family\ttdefault \string_\else \textunderscore\fi
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\usc@dischyph\nobreak\hskip\z@skip}
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\DeclareRobustCommand{\_}{%
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\ifmmode \nfss@text{\textunderscore}\else \BreakableUnderscore \fi}
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\let\usc@dischyph\@dischyph
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\DeclareOption{nohyphen}{\def\usc@dischyph{\discretionary{}{}{}}}
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\DeclareOption{strings}{\catcode`\_=\active}
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\ProcessOptions
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\ifnum\catcode`\_=\active\else \endinput \fi
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%%%%%%%% Redefine commands that use character strings %%%%%%%%
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\@ifundefined{UnderscoreCommands}{\let\UnderscoreCommands\@empty}{}
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\expandafter\def\expandafter\UnderscoreCommands\expandafter{%
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\UnderscoreCommands
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\do\include \do\includeonly
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\do\@input \do\@iinput \do\InputIfFileExists
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\do\ref \do\pageref \do\newlabel
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\do\bibitem \do\@bibitem \do\cite \do\nocite \do\bibcite
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}
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% Macro to redefine a macro to pre-process its string argument
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% with \protect -> \string.
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\def\do#1{% Avoid double processing if user includes command twice!
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\@ifundefined{US\string_\expandafter\@gobble\string#1}{%
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\edef\@tempb{\meaning#1}% Check if macro is just a protection shell...
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\def\@tempc{\protect}%
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\edef\@tempc{\meaning\@tempc\string#1\space\space}%
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\ifx\@tempb\@tempc % just a shell: hook into the protected inner command
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\expandafter\do
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\csname \expandafter\@gobble\string#1 \expandafter\endcsname
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\else % Check if macro takes an optional argument
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\def\@tempc{\@ifnextchar[}%
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\edef\@tempa{\def\noexpand\@tempa####1\meaning\@tempc}%
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\@tempa##2##3\@tempa{##2\relax}%
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\edef\@tempb{\meaning#1\meaning\@tempc}%
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\edef\@tempc{\noexpand\@tempd \csname
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US\string_\expandafter\@gobble\string#1\endcsname}%
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\if \expandafter\@tempa\@tempb \relax 12\@tempa % then no optional arg
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\@tempc #1\US@prot
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\else % There is optional arg
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\@tempc #1\US@protopt
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\fi
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\fi
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}{}}
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\def\@tempd#1#2#3{\let#1#2\def#2{#3#1}}
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\def\US@prot#1#2{\let\@@protect\protect \let\protect\string
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\edef\US@temp##1{##1{#2}}\restore@protect\US@temp#1}
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\def\US@protopt#1{\@ifnextchar[{\US@protarg#1}{\US@prot#1}}
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\def\US@protarg #1[#2]{\US@prot{{#1[#2]}}}
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\UnderscoreCommands
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\let\do\relax \let\@tempd\relax % un-do
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\endinput
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underscore.sty 12-Oct-2001 Donald Arseneau
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Features:
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~~~~~~~~~
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\_ prints an underscore so that the hyphenation of constituent words
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is not affected and hyphenation is permitted after the underscore.
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For example, "compound\_fracture" hyphenates as com- pound_- frac- ture.
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If you prefer the underscore to break without a hyphen (but still with
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the same rules for explicit hyphen-breaks) then use the [nohyphen]
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package option.
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A simple _ acts just like \_ in text mode, but makes a subscript in
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math mode: activation_energy $E_a$
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Both forms use an underscore character if the font encoding contains
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one (e.g., "\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}" or typewriter fonts in any encoding),
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but they use a rule if the there is no proper character.
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Deficiencies:
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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The skips and penalties ruin any kerning with the underscore character
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(when a character is used). However, there doesn't seem to be much, if
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any, such kerning in the ec fonts, and there is never any kerning with
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a rule.
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You must avoid "_" in file names and in cite or ref tags, or you must use
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the babel package, with its active-character controls, or you must give
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the [strings] option, which attempts to redefine several commands (and
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may not work perfectly). Even without the [strings] option or babel, you
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can use occasional underscores like: "\include{file\string_name}".
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Option: [strings]
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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The default operation is quite simple and needs no customization; but
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you must avoid using "_" in any place where LaTeX uses an argument as
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a string of characters for some control function or as a name. These
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include the tags for \cite and \ref, file names for \input, \include,
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and \includegraphics, environment names, counter names, and placement
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parameters (like "[t]"). The problem with these contexts is that they
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are `moving arguments' but LaTeX does not `switch on' the \protect
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mechanism for them.
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If you need to use the underscore character in these places, the package
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option [strings] is provided to redefine commands taking a string argument
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so that the argument is protected (with \protect -> \string). The list
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of commands is given in "\UnderscoreCommands", with "\do" before each,
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covering \cite, \ref, \input, and their variants. Not included are many
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commands regarding font names, everything with counter names, environment
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names, page styles, and versions of \ref and \cite defined by external
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packages (e.g. \vref and \citeyear).
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You can add to the list of supported commands by defining \UnderscoreCommands
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before loading this package; e.g.
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\usepackage{chicago}
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\newcommand{\UnderscoreCommands}{% (\cite already done)
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\do\citeNP \do\citeA \do\citeANP \do\citeN \do\shortcite
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\do\shortciteNP \do\shortciteA \do\shortciteANP \do\shortciteN
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\do\citeyear \do\citeyearNP
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}
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\usepackage[strings]{underscore}
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Not all commands can be supported this way! Only commands that take a
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string argument *first* can be protected. One optional argument before
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the string argument is also permitted, as exemplified by \cite: both
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\cite{tags} and \cite[text]{tags} are allowed. A command like
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\@addtoreset which takes two counter names as arguments could not
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be protected by adding it to \UnderscoreCommands.
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!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
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!! When you use the [strings] option, you must load this package !!
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!! last (or nearly last). !!
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!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
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There are two reasons: 1) The redefinitions done for protection must come
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after other packages define their customized versions of those commands.
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2) The [strings] option requires the _ character to be activated immediately
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in order for the cite and ref tags to be read properly from the .aux file
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as plain strings, and this catcode setting might disrupt other packages.
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The babel package implements a protection mechanism for many commands,
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and will be a complete fix for most documents without the [strings] option.
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Many add-on packages are compatible with babel, so they will get the
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strings protection also. However, there are several commands that are
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not covered by babel, but can easily be supported by the [strings] and
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\UnderscoreCommands mechanism. Beware that using both [strings] and babel
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may lead to conflicts, but does appear to work (load babel last).
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Implementation Notes:
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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The first setting of "_" to be an active character is performed in a local
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group so as to not interfere with other packages. The catcode setting
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is repeated with \AtBeginDocument so the definition is in effect for the
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text. However, the catcode setting is repeated immediately when the
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[strings] option is detected.
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The definition of the active "_" is essentially:
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\ifmmode \sb \else \BreakableUnderscore \fi
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where "\sb" retains the normal subscript meaning of "_" and where
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"\BreakableUnderscore" is essentially "\_". The rest of the definition
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handles the "\protect"ion without causing \relax to be inserted before
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the character.
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\BreakableUnderscore uses "\nobreak\hskip\z@skip" to separate the
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underscore from surrounding words, thus allowing TeX to hyphenate them,
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but preventing free breaks around the underscore. Next, it checks the
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current font family, and uses the underscore character from tt fonts or
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otherwise \textunderscore (which is a character or rule depending on
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the font encoding). After the underscore, it inserts a discretionary
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hyphenation point as "\usc@dischyph", which is usually just "\-"
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except that it still works in the tabbing environment, although it
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will give "\discretionary{}{}{}" under the [nohyphen] option. After
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that, another piece of non-breaking interword glue is inserted.
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Ordinarily, the comparison "\ifx\f@family\ttdefault" will always fail
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because \ttdefault is `long' where \f@family is not (boooo hisss), but
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\ttdefault is redefined to be non-long by "\AtBeginDocument".
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The "\_" command is then defined to use "\BreakableUnderscore".
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If the [strings] option is not given, then that is all!
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Under the [strings] option, the list of special commands is processed to:
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- retain the original command as \US_command (\US_ref)
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- redefine the command as \US@prot\US_command for ordinary commands
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(\ref -> \US@prot\US_ref) or as \US@protopt\US_command when an optional
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argument is possible (\bibitem -> \US@protopt\US_bibitem).
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- self-protecting commands (\cite) retain their self-protection.
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Diagnosing the state of the pre-existing command is done by painful
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contortions involving \meaning.
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\US@prot and \US@protopt read the argument, process it with \protect
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enabled, then invoke the saved \US_command.
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Modifications:
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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12-Oct-2001 Babel (safe@actives) compatibility and [nohyphen] option.
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Test file integrity: ASCII 32-57, 58-126: !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789
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:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~
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