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Ardupilot2/libraries/AP_NavEKF2/AP_NavEKF2_core.cpp
Paul Riseborough 04165a60a7 AP_NavEKF2: Reduce false positive on EKF health check 
Apply filtering to baro innovation check and and don't apply innovation checks once aiding has commenced because GPS and baro disturbances on the ground and during launch could generate a false positive
2015-11-08 15:37:27 +11:00

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/// -*- tab-width: 4; Mode: C++; c-basic-offset: 4; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-
#include <AP_HAL/AP_HAL.h>
#if HAL_CPU_CLASS >= HAL_CPU_CLASS_150
#include "AP_NavEKF2.h"
#include "AP_NavEKF2_core.h"
#include <AP_AHRS/AP_AHRS.h>
#include <AP_Vehicle/AP_Vehicle.h>
#include <stdio.h>
extern const AP_HAL::HAL& hal;
#define earthRate 0.000072921f // earth rotation rate (rad/sec)
// when the wind estimation first starts with no airspeed sensor,
// assume 3m/s to start
#define STARTUP_WIND_SPEED 3.0f
// initial imu bias uncertainty (deg/sec)
#define INIT_ACCEL_BIAS_UNCERTAINTY 0.5f
// maximum allowed gyro bias (rad/sec)
#define GYRO_BIAS_LIMIT 0.349066f
// constructor
NavEKF2_core::NavEKF2_core(void) :
stateStruct(*reinterpret_cast<struct state_elements *>(&statesArray)),
//variables
lastRngMeasTime_ms(0), // time in msec that the last range measurement was taken
rngMeasIndex(0), // index into ringbuffer of current range measurement
_perf_UpdateFilter(hal.util->perf_alloc(AP_HAL::Util::PC_ELAPSED, "EK2_UpdateFilter")),
_perf_CovariancePrediction(hal.util->perf_alloc(AP_HAL::Util::PC_ELAPSED, "EK2_CovariancePrediction")),
_perf_FuseVelPosNED(hal.util->perf_alloc(AP_HAL::Util::PC_ELAPSED, "EK2_FuseVelPosNED")),
_perf_FuseMagnetometer(hal.util->perf_alloc(AP_HAL::Util::PC_ELAPSED, "EK2_FuseMagnetometer")),
_perf_FuseAirspeed(hal.util->perf_alloc(AP_HAL::Util::PC_ELAPSED, "EK2_FuseAirspeed")),
_perf_FuseSideslip(hal.util->perf_alloc(AP_HAL::Util::PC_ELAPSED, "EK2_FuseSideslip")),
_perf_TerrainOffset(hal.util->perf_alloc(AP_HAL::Util::PC_ELAPSED, "EK2_TerrainOffset")),
_perf_FuseOptFlow(hal.util->perf_alloc(AP_HAL::Util::PC_ELAPSED, "EK2_FuseOptFlow"))
{
_perf_test[0] = hal.util->perf_alloc(AP_HAL::Util::PC_ELAPSED, "EK2_Test0");
_perf_test[1] = hal.util->perf_alloc(AP_HAL::Util::PC_ELAPSED, "EK2_Test1");
_perf_test[2] = hal.util->perf_alloc(AP_HAL::Util::PC_ELAPSED, "EK2_Test2");
_perf_test[3] = hal.util->perf_alloc(AP_HAL::Util::PC_ELAPSED, "EK2_Test3");
_perf_test[4] = hal.util->perf_alloc(AP_HAL::Util::PC_ELAPSED, "EK2_Test4");
_perf_test[5] = hal.util->perf_alloc(AP_HAL::Util::PC_ELAPSED, "EK2_Test5");
_perf_test[6] = hal.util->perf_alloc(AP_HAL::Util::PC_ELAPSED, "EK2_Test6");
_perf_test[7] = hal.util->perf_alloc(AP_HAL::Util::PC_ELAPSED, "EK2_Test7");
_perf_test[8] = hal.util->perf_alloc(AP_HAL::Util::PC_ELAPSED, "EK2_Test8");
_perf_test[9] = hal.util->perf_alloc(AP_HAL::Util::PC_ELAPSED, "EK2_Test9");
}
// setup this core backend
void NavEKF2_core::setup_core(NavEKF2 *_frontend, uint8_t _imu_index, uint8_t _core_index)
{
frontend = _frontend;
imu_index = _imu_index;
core_index = _core_index;
_ahrs = frontend->_ahrs;
}
/********************************************************
* INIT FUNCTIONS *
********************************************************/
// Use a function call rather than a constructor to initialise variables because it enables the filter to be re-started in flight if necessary.
void NavEKF2_core::InitialiseVariables()
{
// Offset the fusion horizon if necessary to prevent frame over-runs
if (dtIMUavg < 0.005) {
fusionHorizonOffset = 2*core_index;
}
// initialise time stamps
imuSampleTime_ms = hal.scheduler->millis();
lastHealthyMagTime_ms = imuSampleTime_ms;
prevTasStep_ms = imuSampleTime_ms;
prevBetaStep_ms = imuSampleTime_ms;
lastMagUpdate_us = 0;
lastHgtReceived_ms = imuSampleTime_ms;
lastVelPassTime_ms = imuSampleTime_ms;
lastPosPassTime_ms = imuSampleTime_ms;
lastHgtPassTime_ms = imuSampleTime_ms;
lastTasPassTime_ms = imuSampleTime_ms;
lastTimeGpsReceived_ms = 0;
secondLastGpsTime_ms = 0;
lastDecayTime_ms = imuSampleTime_ms;
timeAtLastAuxEKF_ms = imuSampleTime_ms;
flowValidMeaTime_ms = imuSampleTime_ms;
rngValidMeaTime_ms = imuSampleTime_ms;
flowMeaTime_ms = 0;
prevFlowFuseTime_ms = imuSampleTime_ms;
gndHgtValidTime_ms = 0;
ekfStartTime_ms = imuSampleTime_ms;
lastGpsVelFail_ms = 0;
lastGpsAidBadTime_ms = 0;
timeTasReceived_ms = 0;
magYawResetTimer_ms = imuSampleTime_ms;
lastPreAlignGpsCheckTime_ms = imuSampleTime_ms;
lastPosReset_ms = 0;
lastVelReset_ms = 0;
// initialise other variables
gpsNoiseScaler = 1.0f;
hgtTimeout = true;
magTimeout = true;
tasTimeout = true;
badMag = false;
badIMUdata = false;
firstMagYawInit = false;
dtIMUavg = 0.0025f;
dt = 0;
velDotNEDfilt.zero();
summedDelAng.zero();
summedDelVel.zero();
lastKnownPositionNE.zero();
prevTnb.zero();
memset(&P[0][0], 0, sizeof(P));
memset(&nextP[0][0], 0, sizeof(nextP));
memset(&processNoise[0], 0, sizeof(processNoise));
flowDataValid = false;
newDataRng = false;
fuseOptFlowData = false;
Popt = 0.0f;
terrainState = 0.0f;
prevPosN = stateStruct.position.x;
prevPosE = stateStruct.position.y;
fuseRngData = false;
inhibitGndState = true;
flowGyroBias.x = 0;
flowGyroBias.y = 0;
heldVelNE.zero();
PV_AidingMode = AID_NONE;
posTimeout = true;
velTimeout = true;
isAiding = false;
prevIsAiding = false;
memset(&faultStatus, 0, sizeof(faultStatus));
hgtRate = 0.0f;
mag_state.q0 = 1;
mag_state.DCM.identity();
onGround = true;
prevOnGround = true;
inFlight = false;
prevInFlight = false;
manoeuvring = false;
yawAligned = false;
inhibitWindStates = true;
inhibitMagStates = true;
gndOffsetValid = false;
validOrigin = false;
takeoffExpectedSet_ms = 0;
expectGndEffectTakeoff = false;
touchdownExpectedSet_ms = 0;
expectGndEffectTouchdown = false;
gpsSpdAccuracy = 0.0f;
baroHgtOffset = 0.0f;
yawResetAngle = 0.0f;
lastYawReset_ms = 0;
tiltErrFilt = 1.0f;
tiltAlignComplete = false;
yawAlignComplete = false;
stateIndexLim = 23;
imuDataNew.frame = 0;
baroStoreIndex = 0;
magStoreIndex = 0;
gpsStoreIndex = 0;
tasStoreIndex = 0;
ofStoreIndex = 0;
delAngCorrection.zero();
delVelCorrection.zero();
velCorrection.zero();
gpsGoodToAlign = false;
gpsNotAvailable = true;
motorsArmed = false;
prevMotorsArmed = false;
innovationIncrement = 0;
lastInnovation = 0;
memset(&gpsCheckStatus, 0, sizeof(gpsCheckStatus));
gpsSpdAccPass = false;
ekfInnovationsPass = false;
sAccFilterState1 = 0.0f;
sAccFilterState2 = 0.0f;
lastGpsCheckTime_ms = 0;
lastInnovPassTime_ms = 0;
lastInnovFailTime_ms = 0;
gpsAccuracyGood = false;
memset(&gpsloc_prev, 0, sizeof(gpsloc_prev));
gpsDriftNE = 0.0f;
gpsVertVelFilt = 0.0f;
gpsHorizVelFilt = 0.0f;
memset(&statesArray, 0, sizeof(statesArray));
posDownDerivative = 0.0f;
posDown = 0.0f;
posVelFusionDelayed = false;
optFlowFusionDelayed = false;
airSpdFusionDelayed = false;
sideSlipFusionDelayed = false;
magFuseTiltInhibit = false;
posResetNE.zero();
velResetNE.zero();
hgtInnovFiltState = 0.0f;
}
// Initialise the states from accelerometer and magnetometer data (if present)
// This method can only be used when the vehicle is static
bool NavEKF2_core::InitialiseFilterBootstrap(void)
{
// If we are a plane and don't have GPS lock then don't initialise
if (assume_zero_sideslip() && _ahrs->get_gps().status() < AP_GPS::GPS_OK_FIX_3D) {
statesInitialised = false;
return false;
}
// set re-used variables to zero
InitialiseVariables();
// Initialise IMU data
dtIMUavg = 1.0f/_ahrs->get_ins().get_sample_rate();
readIMUData();
StoreIMU_reset();
// acceleration vector in XYZ body axes measured by the IMU (m/s^2)
Vector3f initAccVec;
// TODO we should average accel readings over several cycles
initAccVec = _ahrs->get_ins().get_accel(imu_index);
// read the magnetometer data
readMagData();
// normalise the acceleration vector
float pitch=0, roll=0;
if (initAccVec.length() > 0.001f) {
initAccVec.normalize();
// calculate initial pitch angle
pitch = asinf(initAccVec.x);
// calculate initial roll angle
roll = -asinf(initAccVec.y / cosf(pitch));
}
// calculate initial roll and pitch orientation
stateStruct.quat.from_euler(roll, pitch, 0.0f);
// initialise dynamic states
stateStruct.velocity.zero();
stateStruct.position.zero();
stateStruct.angErr.zero();
// initialise static process model states
stateStruct.gyro_bias.zero();
stateStruct.gyro_scale.x = 1.0f;
stateStruct.gyro_scale.y = 1.0f;
stateStruct.gyro_scale.z = 1.0f;
stateStruct.accel_zbias = 0.0f;
stateStruct.wind_vel.zero();
stateStruct.earth_magfield.zero();
stateStruct.body_magfield.zero();
// read the GPS and set the position and velocity states
readGpsData();
ResetVelocity();
ResetPosition();
// read the barometer and set the height state
readHgtData();
ResetHeight();
// define Earth rotation vector in the NED navigation frame
calcEarthRateNED(earthRateNED, _ahrs->get_home().lat);
// initialise the covariance matrix
CovarianceInit();
// reset output states
StoreOutputReset();
// set to true now that states have be initialised
statesInitialised = true;
return true;
}
// initialise the covariance matrix
void NavEKF2_core::CovarianceInit()
{
// zero the matrix
for (uint8_t i=1; i<=stateIndexLim; i++)
{
for (uint8_t j=0; j<=stateIndexLim; j++)
{
P[i][j] = 0.0f;
}
}
// attitude error
P[0][0] = 0.1f;
P[1][1] = 0.1f;
P[2][2] = 0.1f;
// velocities
P[3][3] = sq(0.7f);
P[4][4] = P[3][3];
P[5][5] = sq(0.7f);
// positions
P[6][6] = sq(15.0f);
P[7][7] = P[6][6];
P[8][8] = sq(frontend->_baroAltNoise);
// gyro delta angle biases
P[9][9] = sq(radians(InitialGyroBiasUncertainty() * dtIMUavg));
P[10][10] = P[9][9];
P[11][11] = P[9][9];
// gyro scale factor biases
P[12][12] = sq(1e-3);
P[13][13] = P[12][12];
P[14][14] = P[12][12];
// Z delta velocity bias
P[15][15] = sq(INIT_ACCEL_BIAS_UNCERTAINTY * dtIMUavg);
// earth magnetic field
P[16][16] = 0.0f;
P[17][17] = P[16][16];
P[18][18] = P[16][16];
// body magnetic field
P[19][19] = 0.0f;
P[20][20] = P[19][19];
P[21][21] = P[19][19];
// wind velocities
P[22][22] = 0.0f;
P[23][23] = P[22][22];
// optical flow ground height covariance
Popt = 0.25f;
}
/********************************************************
* UPDATE FUNCTIONS *
********************************************************/
// Update Filter States - this should be called whenever new IMU data is available
void NavEKF2_core::UpdateFilter()
{
// zero the delta quaternion used by the strapdown navigation because it is published
// and we need to return a zero rotation of the INS fails to update it
correctedDelAngQuat.initialise();
// don't run filter updates if states have not been initialised
if (!statesInitialised) {
return;
}
// start the timer used for load measurement
#if EK2_DISABLE_INTERRUPTS
irqstate_t istate = irqsave();
#endif
hal.util->perf_begin(_perf_UpdateFilter);
// TODO - in-flight restart method
//get starting time for update step
imuSampleTime_ms = hal.scheduler->millis();
// Check arm status and perform required checks and mode changes
controlFilterModes();
// read IMU data as delta angles and velocities
readIMUData();
// State Prediction Step
// Run the strapdown INS equations to predict kinematic states forward to the fusion time horizon using buffered IMU data
UpdateStrapdownEquationsNED();
// sum delta angles and time used by covariance prediction
summedDelAng = summedDelAng + correctedDelAng;
summedDelVel = summedDelVel + correctedDelVel;
dt += imuDataDelayed.delAngDT;
// perform a covariance prediction if the total delta angle has exceeded the limit
// or the time limit will be exceeded at the next IMU update
if (((dt >= (frontend->covTimeStepMax - dtIMUavg)) || (summedDelAng.length() > frontend->covDelAngMax))) {
CovariancePrediction();
} else {
covPredStep = false;
}
// Read range finder data which is used by both position and optical flow fusion
readRangeFinder();
// Update states using magnetometer data
SelectMagFusion();
// Update states using GPS and altimeter data
SelectVelPosFusion();
// Update states using optical flow data
SelectFlowFusion();
// Update states using airspeed data
SelectTasFusion();
// Update states using sideslip constraint assumption for fly-forward vehicles
SelectBetaFusion();
// Wind output forward from the fusion to output time horizon
calcOutputStatesFast();
// stop the timer used for load measurement
hal.util->perf_end(_perf_UpdateFilter);
#if EK2_DISABLE_INTERRUPTS
irqrestore(istate);
#endif
}
/*
* Update the quaternion, velocity and position states using delayed IMU measurements
* because the EKF is running on a delayed time horizon. Note that the quaternion is
* not used by the EKF equations, which instead estimate the error in the attitude of
* the vehicle when each observtion is fused. This attitude error is then used to correct
* the quaternion.
*/
void NavEKF2_core::UpdateStrapdownEquationsNED()
{
Vector3f delVelNav; // delta velocity vector
// remove gyro scale factor errors
correctedDelAng.x = imuDataDelayed.delAng.x * stateStruct.gyro_scale.x;
correctedDelAng.y = imuDataDelayed.delAng.y * stateStruct.gyro_scale.y;
correctedDelAng.z = imuDataDelayed.delAng.z * stateStruct.gyro_scale.z;
// remove sensor bias errors
correctedDelAng -= stateStruct.gyro_bias;
correctedDelVel = imuDataDelayed.delVel;
correctedDelVel.z -= stateStruct.accel_zbias;
// apply correction for earths rotation rate
// % * - and + operators have been overloaded
correctedDelAng = correctedDelAng - prevTnb * earthRateNED*imuDataDelayed.delAngDT;
// convert the rotation vector to its equivalent quaternion
correctedDelAngQuat.from_axis_angle(correctedDelAng);
// update the quaternion states by rotating from the previous attitude through
// the delta angle rotation quaternion and normalise
stateStruct.quat *= correctedDelAngQuat;
stateStruct.quat.normalize();
// calculate the body to nav cosine matrix
Matrix3f Tbn_temp;
stateStruct.quat.rotation_matrix(Tbn_temp);
prevTnb = Tbn_temp.transposed();
// transform body delta velocities to delta velocities in the nav frame
// * and + operators have been overloaded
delVelNav = Tbn_temp*correctedDelVel;
delVelNav.z += GRAVITY_MSS*imuDataDelayed.delVelDT;
// calculate the rate of change of velocity (used for launch detect and other functions)
velDotNED = delVelNav / imuDataDelayed.delVelDT;
// apply a first order lowpass filter
velDotNEDfilt = velDotNED * 0.05f + velDotNEDfilt * 0.95f;
// calculate a magnitude of the filtered nav acceleration (required for GPS
// variance estimation)
accNavMag = velDotNEDfilt.length();
accNavMagHoriz = pythagorous2(velDotNEDfilt.x , velDotNEDfilt.y);
// save velocity for use in trapezoidal intergration for position calcuation
Vector3f lastVelocity = stateStruct.velocity;
// sum delta velocities to get velocity
stateStruct.velocity += delVelNav;
// apply a trapezoidal integration to velocities to calculate position
stateStruct.position += (stateStruct.velocity + lastVelocity) * (imuDataDelayed.delVelDT*0.5f);
// accumulate the bias delta angle and time since last reset by an OF measurement arrival
delAngBodyOF += imuDataNew.delAng - stateStruct.gyro_bias;
delTimeOF += imuDataNew.delAngDT;
// limit states to protect against divergence
ConstrainStates();
}
/*
* Propagate PVA solution forward from the fusion time horizon to the current time horizon
* using simple observer which performs two functions:
* 1) Corrects for the delayed time horizon used by the EKF.
* 2) Applies a LPF to state corrections to prevent 'stepping' in states due to measurement
* fusion introducing unwanted noise into the control loops.
* The inspiration for using a complementary filter to correct for time delays in the EKF
* is based on the work by A Khosravian.
*
* “Recursive Attitude Estimation in the Presence of Multi-rate and Multi-delay Vector Measurements”
* A Khosravian, J Trumpf, R Mahony, T Hamel, Australian National University
*/
void NavEKF2_core::calcOutputStatesFast() {
// Calculate strapdown solution at the current time horizon
// remove gyro scale factor errors
Vector3f delAng;
delAng.x = imuDataNew.delAng.x * stateStruct.gyro_scale.x;
delAng.y = imuDataNew.delAng.y * stateStruct.gyro_scale.y;
delAng.z = imuDataNew.delAng.z * stateStruct.gyro_scale.z;
// remove sensor bias errors
delAng -= stateStruct.gyro_bias;
Vector3f delVel;
delVel = imuDataNew.delVel;
delVel.z -= stateStruct.accel_zbias;
// apply corections to track EKF solution
delAng += delAngCorrection;
// convert the rotation vector to its equivalent quaternion
Quaternion deltaQuat;
deltaQuat.from_axis_angle(delAng);
// update the quaternion states by rotating from the previous attitude through
// the delta angle rotation quaternion and normalise
outputDataNew.quat *= deltaQuat;
outputDataNew.quat.normalize();
// calculate the body to nav cosine matrix
Matrix3f Tbn_temp;
outputDataNew.quat.rotation_matrix(Tbn_temp);
// transform body delta velocities to delta velocities in the nav frame
// Add the earth frame correction required to track the EKF states
// * and + operators have been overloaded
Vector3f delVelNav = Tbn_temp*delVel + delVelCorrection;
delVelNav.z += GRAVITY_MSS*imuDataNew.delVelDT;
// save velocity for use in trapezoidal intergration for position calcuation
Vector3f lastVelocity = outputDataNew.velocity;
// sum delta velocities to get velocity
outputDataNew.velocity += delVelNav;
// apply a trapezoidal integration to velocities to calculate position, applying correction required to track EKF solution
outputDataNew.position += (outputDataNew.velocity + lastVelocity) * (imuDataNew.delVelDT*0.5f) + velCorrection * imuDataNew.delVelDT;
// store the output in the FIFO buffer
StoreOutput();
// extract data at the fusion time horizon from the FIFO buffer
RecallOutput();
// compare quaternion data with EKF quaternion at the fusion time horizon and calculate correction
// divide the demanded quaternion by the estimated to get the error
Quaternion quatErr = stateStruct.quat / outputDataDelayed.quat;
// Convert to a delta rotation using a small angle approximation
quatErr.normalize();
Vector3f deltaAngErr;
float scaler;
if (quatErr[0] >= 0.0f) {
scaler = 2.0f;
} else {
scaler = -2.0f;
}
deltaAngErr.x = scaler * quatErr[1];
deltaAngErr.y = scaler * quatErr[2];
deltaAngErr.z = scaler * quatErr[3];
// multiply the angle error vector by a gain to calculate the delta angle correction required to track the EKF solution
const float Kang = 1.0f;
delAngCorrection = deltaAngErr * imuDataNew.delAngDT * Kang;
// multiply velocity error by a gain to calculate the delta velocity correction required to track the EKF solution
const float Kvel = 1.0f;
delVelCorrection = (stateStruct.velocity - outputDataDelayed.velocity) * imuDataNew.delVelDT * Kvel;
// multiply position error by a gain to calculate the velocity correction required to track the EKF solution
const float Kpos = 1.0f;
velCorrection = (stateStruct.position - outputDataDelayed.position) * Kpos;
// update vertical velocity and position states used to provide a vertical position derivative output
// using a simple complementary filter
float lastPosDownDerivative = posDownDerivative;
posDownDerivative = 2.0f * (outputDataNew.position.z - posDown);
posDown += (posDownDerivative + lastPosDownDerivative + 2.0f*delVelNav.z) * (imuDataNew.delVelDT*0.5f);
}
/*
* Calculate the predicted state covariance matrix using algebraic equations generated with Matlab symbolic toolbox.
* The script file used to generate these and otehr equations in this filter can be found here:
* https://github.com/priseborough/InertialNav/blob/master/derivations/RotationVectorAttitudeParameterisation/GenerateNavFilterEquations.m
*/
void NavEKF2_core::CovariancePrediction()
{
hal.util->perf_begin(_perf_CovariancePrediction);
float windVelSigma; // wind velocity 1-sigma process noise - m/s
float dAngBiasSigma;// delta angle bias 1-sigma process noise - rad/s
float dVelBiasSigma;// delta velocity bias 1-sigma process noise - m/s
float dAngScaleSigma;// delta angle scale factor 1-Sigma process noise
float magEarthSigma;// earth magnetic field 1-sigma process noise
float magBodySigma; // body magnetic field 1-sigma process noise
float daxNoise; // X axis delta angle noise (rad)
float dayNoise; // Y axis delta angle noise (rad)
float dazNoise; // Z axis delta angle noise (rad)
float dvxNoise; // X axis delta velocity noise (m/s)
float dvyNoise; // Y axis delta velocity noise (m/s)
float dvzNoise; // Z axis delta velocity noise (m/s)
float dvx; // X axis delta velocity (m/s)
float dvy; // Y axis delta velocity (m/s)
float dvz; // Z axis delta velocity (m/s)
float dax; // X axis delta angle (rad)
float day; // Y axis delta angle (rad)
float daz; // Z axis delta angle (rad)
float q0; // attitude quaternion
float q1; // attitude quaternion
float q2; // attitude quaternion
float q3; // attitude quaternion
float dax_b; // X axis delta angle measurement bias (rad)
float day_b; // Y axis delta angle measurement bias (rad)
float daz_b; // Z axis delta angle measurement bias (rad)
float dax_s; // X axis delta angle measurement scale factor
float day_s; // Y axis delta angle measurement scale factor
float daz_s; // Z axis delta angle measurement scale factor
float dvz_b; // Z axis delta velocity measurement bias (rad)
// calculate covariance prediction process noise
// use filtered height rate to increase wind process noise when climbing or descending
// this allows for wind gradient effects.
// filter height rate using a 10 second time constant filter
float alpha = 0.1f * dt;
hgtRate = hgtRate * (1.0f - alpha) - stateStruct.velocity.z * alpha;
// use filtered height rate to increase wind process noise when climbing or descending
// this allows for wind gradient effects.
windVelSigma = dt * constrain_float(frontend->_windVelProcessNoise, 0.01f, 1.0f) * (1.0f + constrain_float(frontend->_wndVarHgtRateScale, 0.0f, 1.0f) * fabsf(hgtRate));
dAngBiasSigma = dt * constrain_float(frontend->_gyroBiasProcessNoise, 0.0f, 1e-4f);
dVelBiasSigma = dt * constrain_float(frontend->_accelBiasProcessNoise, 1e-6f, 1e-2f);
dAngScaleSigma = dt * constrain_float(frontend->_gyroScaleProcessNoise,1e-6f,1e-2f);
magEarthSigma = dt * constrain_float(frontend->_magProcessNoise, 1e-4f, 1e-1f);
magBodySigma = dt * constrain_float(frontend->_magProcessNoise, 1e-4f, 1e-1f);
for (uint8_t i= 0; i<=8; i++) processNoise[i] = 0.0f;
for (uint8_t i=9; i<=11; i++) processNoise[i] = dAngBiasSigma;
for (uint8_t i=12; i<=14; i++) processNoise[i] = dAngScaleSigma;
processNoise[15] = dVelBiasSigma;
if (expectGndEffectTakeoff) {
processNoise[15] = 0.0f;
} else {
processNoise[15] = dVelBiasSigma;
}
for (uint8_t i=16; i<=18; i++) processNoise[i] = magEarthSigma;
for (uint8_t i=19; i<=21; i++) processNoise[i] = magBodySigma;
for (uint8_t i=22; i<=23; i++) processNoise[i] = windVelSigma;
for (uint8_t i= 0; i<=stateIndexLim; i++) processNoise[i] = sq(processNoise[i]);
// set variables used to calculate covariance growth
dvx = summedDelVel.x;
dvy = summedDelVel.y;
dvz = summedDelVel.z;
dax = summedDelAng.x;
day = summedDelAng.y;
daz = summedDelAng.z;
q0 = stateStruct.quat[0];
q1 = stateStruct.quat[1];
q2 = stateStruct.quat[2];
q3 = stateStruct.quat[3];
dax_b = stateStruct.gyro_bias.x;
day_b = stateStruct.gyro_bias.y;
daz_b = stateStruct.gyro_bias.z;
dax_s = stateStruct.gyro_scale.x;
day_s = stateStruct.gyro_scale.y;
daz_s = stateStruct.gyro_scale.z;
dvz_b = stateStruct.accel_zbias;
float _gyrNoise = constrain_float(frontend->_gyrNoise, 1e-3f, 5e-2f);
daxNoise = dayNoise = dazNoise = dt*_gyrNoise;
float _accNoise = constrain_float(frontend->_accNoise, 5e-2f, 1.0f);
dvxNoise = dvyNoise = dvzNoise = dt*_accNoise;
// calculate the predicted covariance due to inertial sensor error propagation
// we calculate the upper diagonal and copy to take advantage of symmetry
SF[0] = daz_b/2 + dazNoise/2 - (daz*daz_s)/2;
SF[1] = day_b/2 + dayNoise/2 - (day*day_s)/2;
SF[2] = dax_b/2 + daxNoise/2 - (dax*dax_s)/2;
SF[3] = q3/2 - (q0*SF[0])/2 + (q1*SF[1])/2 - (q2*SF[2])/2;
SF[4] = q0/2 - (q1*SF[2])/2 - (q2*SF[1])/2 + (q3*SF[0])/2;
SF[5] = q1/2 + (q0*SF[2])/2 - (q2*SF[0])/2 - (q3*SF[1])/2;
SF[6] = q3/2 + (q0*SF[0])/2 - (q1*SF[1])/2 - (q2*SF[2])/2;
SF[7] = q0/2 - (q1*SF[2])/2 + (q2*SF[1])/2 - (q3*SF[0])/2;
SF[8] = q0/2 + (q1*SF[2])/2 - (q2*SF[1])/2 - (q3*SF[0])/2;
SF[9] = q2/2 + (q0*SF[1])/2 + (q1*SF[0])/2 + (q3*SF[2])/2;
SF[10] = q2/2 - (q0*SF[1])/2 - (q1*SF[0])/2 + (q3*SF[2])/2;
SF[11] = q2/2 + (q0*SF[1])/2 - (q1*SF[0])/2 - (q3*SF[2])/2;
SF[12] = q1/2 + (q0*SF[2])/2 + (q2*SF[0])/2 + (q3*SF[1])/2;
SF[13] = q1/2 - (q0*SF[2])/2 + (q2*SF[0])/2 - (q3*SF[1])/2;
SF[14] = q3/2 + (q0*SF[0])/2 + (q1*SF[1])/2 + (q2*SF[2])/2;
SF[15] = - sq(q0) - sq(q1) - sq(q2) - sq(q3);
SF[16] = dvz_b - dvz + dvzNoise;
SF[17] = dvx - dvxNoise;
SF[18] = dvy - dvyNoise;
SF[19] = sq(q2);
SF[20] = SF[19] - sq(q0) + sq(q1) - sq(q3);
SF[21] = SF[19] + sq(q0) - sq(q1) - sq(q3);
SF[22] = 2*q0*q1 - 2*q2*q3;
SF[23] = SF[19] - sq(q0) - sq(q1) + sq(q3);
SF[24] = 2*q1*q2;
SG[0] = - sq(q0) - sq(q1) - sq(q2) - sq(q3);
SG[1] = sq(q3);
SG[2] = sq(q2);
SG[3] = sq(q1);
SG[4] = sq(q0);
SQ[0] = - dvyNoise*(2*q0*q1 + 2*q2*q3)*(SG[1] - SG[2] + SG[3] - SG[4]) - dvzNoise*(2*q0*q1 - 2*q2*q3)*(SG[1] - SG[2] - SG[3] + SG[4]) - dvxNoise*(2*q0*q2 - 2*q1*q3)*(2*q0*q3 + 2*q1*q2);
SQ[1] = dvxNoise*(2*q0*q2 - 2*q1*q3)*(SG[1] + SG[2] - SG[3] - SG[4]) + dvzNoise*(2*q0*q2 + 2*q1*q3)*(SG[1] - SG[2] - SG[3] + SG[4]) - dvyNoise*(2*q0*q1 + 2*q2*q3)*(2*q0*q3 - 2*q1*q2);
SQ[2] = dvyNoise*(2*q0*q3 - 2*q1*q2)*(SG[1] - SG[2] + SG[3] - SG[4]) - dvxNoise*(2*q0*q3 + 2*q1*q2)*(SG[1] + SG[2] - SG[3] - SG[4]) - dvzNoise*(2*q0*q1 - 2*q2*q3)*(2*q0*q2 + 2*q1*q3);
SQ[3] = sq(SG[0]);
SQ[4] = 2*q2*q3;
SQ[5] = 2*q1*q3;
SQ[6] = 2*q1*q2;
SQ[7] = SG[4];
SPP[0] = SF[17]*(2*q0*q1 + 2*q2*q3) + SF[18]*(2*q0*q2 - 2*q1*q3);
SPP[1] = SF[18]*(2*q0*q2 + 2*q1*q3) + SF[16]*(SF[24] - 2*q0*q3);
SPP[2] = 2*q3*SF[8] + 2*q1*SF[11] - 2*q0*SF[14] - 2*q2*SF[13];
SPP[3] = 2*q1*SF[7] + 2*q2*SF[6] - 2*q0*SF[12] - 2*q3*SF[10];
SPP[4] = 2*q0*SF[6] - 2*q3*SF[7] - 2*q1*SF[10] + 2*q2*SF[12];
SPP[5] = 2*q0*SF[8] + 2*q2*SF[11] + 2*q1*SF[13] + 2*q3*SF[14];
SPP[6] = 2*q0*SF[7] + 2*q3*SF[6] + 2*q2*SF[10] + 2*q1*SF[12];
SPP[7] = SF[18]*SF[20] - SF[16]*(2*q0*q1 + 2*q2*q3);
SPP[8] = 2*q1*SF[3] - 2*q2*SF[4] - 2*q3*SF[5] + 2*q0*SF[9];
SPP[9] = 2*q0*SF[5] - 2*q1*SF[4] - 2*q2*SF[3] + 2*q3*SF[9];
SPP[10] = SF[17]*SF[20] + SF[16]*(2*q0*q2 - 2*q1*q3);
SPP[11] = SF[17]*SF[21] - SF[18]*(SF[24] + 2*q0*q3);
SPP[12] = SF[17]*SF[22] - SF[16]*(SF[24] + 2*q0*q3);
SPP[13] = 2*q0*SF[4] + 2*q1*SF[5] + 2*q3*SF[3] + 2*q2*SF[9];
SPP[14] = 2*q2*SF[8] - 2*q0*SF[11] - 2*q1*SF[14] + 2*q3*SF[13];
SPP[15] = SF[18]*SF[23] + SF[17]*(SF[24] - 2*q0*q3);
SPP[16] = daz*SF[19] + daz*sq(q0) + daz*sq(q1) + daz*sq(q3);
SPP[17] = day*SF[19] + day*sq(q0) + day*sq(q1) + day*sq(q3);
SPP[18] = dax*SF[19] + dax*sq(q0) + dax*sq(q1) + dax*sq(q3);
SPP[19] = SF[16]*SF[23] - SF[17]*(2*q0*q2 + 2*q1*q3);
SPP[20] = SF[16]*SF[21] - SF[18]*SF[22];
SPP[21] = 2*q0*q2 + 2*q1*q3;
SPP[22] = SF[15];
if (inhibitMagStates) {
zeroRows(P,16,21);
zeroCols(P,16,21);
} else if (inhibitWindStates) {
zeroRows(P,22,23);
zeroCols(P,22,23);
}
nextP[0][0] = daxNoise*SQ[3] + SPP[5]*(P[0][0]*SPP[5] - P[1][0]*SPP[4] + P[9][0]*SPP[22] + P[12][0]*SPP[18] + P[2][0]*(2*q1*SF[3] - 2*q2*SF[4] - 2*q3*SF[5] + 2*q0*SF[9])) - SPP[4]*(P[0][1]*SPP[5] - P[1][1]*SPP[4] + P[9][1]*SPP[22] + P[12][1]*SPP[18] + P[2][1]*(2*q1*SF[3] - 2*q2*SF[4] - 2*q3*SF[5] + 2*q0*SF[9])) + SPP[8]*(P[0][2]*SPP[5] + P[2][2]*SPP[8] + P[9][2]*SPP[22] + P[12][2]*SPP[18] - P[1][2]*(2*q0*SF[6] - 2*q3*SF[7] - 2*q1*SF[10] + 2*q2*SF[12])) + SPP[22]*(P[0][9]*SPP[5] - P[1][9]*SPP[4] + P[9][9]*SPP[22] + P[12][9]*SPP[18] + P[2][9]*(2*q1*SF[3] - 2*q2*SF[4] - 2*q3*SF[5] + 2*q0*SF[9])) + SPP[18]*(P[0][12]*SPP[5] - P[1][12]*SPP[4] + P[9][12]*SPP[22] + P[12][12]*SPP[18] + P[2][12]*(2*q1*SF[3] - 2*q2*SF[4] - 2*q3*SF[5] + 2*q0*SF[9]));
nextP[0][1] = SPP[6]*(P[0][1]*SPP[5] - P[1][1]*SPP[4] + P[2][1]*SPP[8] + P[9][1]*SPP[22] + P[12][1]*SPP[18]) - SPP[2]*(P[0][0]*SPP[5] - P[1][0]*SPP[4] + P[2][0]*SPP[8] + P[9][0]*SPP[22] + P[12][0]*SPP[18]) + SPP[22]*(P[0][10]*SPP[5] - P[1][10]*SPP[4] + P[2][10]*SPP[8] + P[9][10]*SPP[22] + P[12][10]*SPP[18]) + SPP[17]*(P[0][13]*SPP[5] - P[1][13]*SPP[4] + P[2][13]*SPP[8] + P[9][13]*SPP[22] + P[12][13]*SPP[18]) - (2*q0*SF[5] - 2*q1*SF[4] - 2*q2*SF[3] + 2*q3*SF[9])*(P[0][2]*SPP[5] - P[1][2]*SPP[4] + P[2][2]*SPP[8] + P[9][2]*SPP[22] + P[12][2]*SPP[18]);
nextP[1][1] = dayNoise*SQ[3] - SPP[2]*(P[1][0]*SPP[6] - P[0][0]*SPP[2] - P[2][0]*SPP[9] + P[10][0]*SPP[22] + P[13][0]*SPP[17]) + SPP[6]*(P[1][1]*SPP[6] - P[0][1]*SPP[2] - P[2][1]*SPP[9] + P[10][1]*SPP[22] + P[13][1]*SPP[17]) - SPP[9]*(P[1][2]*SPP[6] - P[0][2]*SPP[2] - P[2][2]*SPP[9] + P[10][2]*SPP[22] + P[13][2]*SPP[17]) + SPP[22]*(P[1][10]*SPP[6] - P[0][10]*SPP[2] - P[2][10]*SPP[9] + P[10][10]*SPP[22] + P[13][10]*SPP[17]) + SPP[17]*(P[1][13]*SPP[6] - P[0][13]*SPP[2] - P[2][13]*SPP[9] + P[10][13]*SPP[22] + P[13][13]*SPP[17]);
nextP[0][2] = SPP[13]*(P[0][2]*SPP[5] - P[1][2]*SPP[4] + P[2][2]*SPP[8] + P[9][2]*SPP[22] + P[12][2]*SPP[18]) - SPP[3]*(P[0][1]*SPP[5] - P[1][1]*SPP[4] + P[2][1]*SPP[8] + P[9][1]*SPP[22] + P[12][1]*SPP[18]) + SPP[22]*(P[0][11]*SPP[5] - P[1][11]*SPP[4] + P[2][11]*SPP[8] + P[9][11]*SPP[22] + P[12][11]*SPP[18]) + SPP[16]*(P[0][14]*SPP[5] - P[1][14]*SPP[4] + P[2][14]*SPP[8] + P[9][14]*SPP[22] + P[12][14]*SPP[18]) + (2*q2*SF[8] - 2*q0*SF[11] - 2*q1*SF[14] + 2*q3*SF[13])*(P[0][0]*SPP[5] - P[1][0]*SPP[4] + P[2][0]*SPP[8] + P[9][0]*SPP[22] + P[12][0]*SPP[18]);
nextP[1][2] = SPP[13]*(P[1][2]*SPP[6] - P[0][2]*SPP[2] - P[2][2]*SPP[9] + P[10][2]*SPP[22] + P[13][2]*SPP[17]) - SPP[3]*(P[1][1]*SPP[6] - P[0][1]*SPP[2] - P[2][1]*SPP[9] + P[10][1]*SPP[22] + P[13][1]*SPP[17]) + SPP[22]*(P[1][11]*SPP[6] - P[0][11]*SPP[2] - P[2][11]*SPP[9] + P[10][11]*SPP[22] + P[13][11]*SPP[17]) + SPP[16]*(P[1][14]*SPP[6] - P[0][14]*SPP[2] - P[2][14]*SPP[9] + P[10][14]*SPP[22] + P[13][14]*SPP[17]) + (2*q2*SF[8] - 2*q0*SF[11] - 2*q1*SF[14] + 2*q3*SF[13])*(P[1][0]*SPP[6] - P[0][0]*SPP[2] - P[2][0]*SPP[9] + P[10][0]*SPP[22] + P[13][0]*SPP[17]);
nextP[2][2] = dazNoise*SQ[3] - SPP[3]*(P[0][1]*SPP[14] - P[1][1]*SPP[3] + P[2][1]*SPP[13] + P[11][1]*SPP[22] + P[14][1]*SPP[16]) + SPP[14]*(P[0][0]*SPP[14] - P[1][0]*SPP[3] + P[2][0]*SPP[13] + P[11][0]*SPP[22] + P[14][0]*SPP[16]) + SPP[13]*(P[0][2]*SPP[14] - P[1][2]*SPP[3] + P[2][2]*SPP[13] + P[11][2]*SPP[22] + P[14][2]*SPP[16]) + SPP[22]*(P[0][11]*SPP[14] - P[1][11]*SPP[3] + P[2][11]*SPP[13] + P[11][11]*SPP[22] + P[14][11]*SPP[16]) + SPP[16]*(P[0][14]*SPP[14] - P[1][14]*SPP[3] + P[2][14]*SPP[13] + P[11][14]*SPP[22] + P[14][14]*SPP[16]);
nextP[0][3] = P[0][3]*SPP[5] - P[1][3]*SPP[4] + P[2][3]*SPP[8] + P[9][3]*SPP[22] + P[12][3]*SPP[18] + SPP[1]*(P[0][0]*SPP[5] - P[1][0]*SPP[4] + P[2][0]*SPP[8] + P[9][0]*SPP[22] + P[12][0]*SPP[18]) + SPP[15]*(P[0][2]*SPP[5] - P[1][2]*SPP[4] + P[2][2]*SPP[8] + P[9][2]*SPP[22] + P[12][2]*SPP[18]) - SPP[21]*(P[0][15]*SPP[5] - P[1][15]*SPP[4] + P[2][15]*SPP[8] + P[9][15]*SPP[22] + P[12][15]*SPP[18]) + (SF[16]*SF[23] - SF[17]*SPP[21])*(P[0][1]*SPP[5] - P[1][1]*SPP[4] + P[2][1]*SPP[8] + P[9][1]*SPP[22] + P[12][1]*SPP[18]);
nextP[1][3] = P[1][3]*SPP[6] - P[0][3]*SPP[2] - P[2][3]*SPP[9] + P[10][3]*SPP[22] + P[13][3]*SPP[17] + SPP[1]*(P[1][0]*SPP[6] - P[0][0]*SPP[2] - P[2][0]*SPP[9] + P[10][0]*SPP[22] + P[13][0]*SPP[17]) + SPP[15]*(P[1][2]*SPP[6] - P[0][2]*SPP[2] - P[2][2]*SPP[9] + P[10][2]*SPP[22] + P[13][2]*SPP[17]) - SPP[21]*(P[1][15]*SPP[6] - P[0][15]*SPP[2] - P[2][15]*SPP[9] + P[10][15]*SPP[22] + P[13][15]*SPP[17]) + (SF[16]*SF[23] - SF[17]*SPP[21])*(P[1][1]*SPP[6] - P[0][1]*SPP[2] - P[2][1]*SPP[9] + P[10][1]*SPP[22] + P[13][1]*SPP[17]);
nextP[2][3] = P[0][3]*SPP[14] - P[1][3]*SPP[3] + P[2][3]*SPP[13] + P[11][3]*SPP[22] + P[14][3]*SPP[16] + SPP[1]*(P[0][0]*SPP[14] - P[1][0]*SPP[3] + P[2][0]*SPP[13] + P[11][0]*SPP[22] + P[14][0]*SPP[16]) + SPP[15]*(P[0][2]*SPP[14] - P[1][2]*SPP[3] + P[2][2]*SPP[13] + P[11][2]*SPP[22] + P[14][2]*SPP[16]) - SPP[21]*(P[0][15]*SPP[14] - P[1][15]*SPP[3] + P[2][15]*SPP[13] + P[11][15]*SPP[22] + P[14][15]*SPP[16]) + (SF[16]*SF[23] - SF[17]*SPP[21])*(P[0][1]*SPP[14] - P[1][1]*SPP[3] + P[2][1]*SPP[13] + P[11][1]*SPP[22] + P[14][1]*SPP[16]);
nextP[3][3] = P[3][3] + P[0][3]*SPP[1] + P[1][3]*SPP[19] + P[2][3]*SPP[15] - P[15][3]*SPP[21] + dvyNoise*sq(SQ[6] - 2*q0*q3) + dvzNoise*sq(SQ[5] + 2*q0*q2) + SPP[1]*(P[3][0] + P[0][0]*SPP[1] + P[1][0]*SPP[19] + P[2][0]*SPP[15] - P[15][0]*SPP[21]) + SPP[19]*(P[3][1] + P[0][1]*SPP[1] + P[1][1]*SPP[19] + P[2][1]*SPP[15] - P[15][1]*SPP[21]) + SPP[15]*(P[3][2] + P[0][2]*SPP[1] + P[1][2]*SPP[19] + P[2][2]*SPP[15] - P[15][2]*SPP[21]) - SPP[21]*(P[3][15] + P[0][15]*SPP[1] + P[2][15]*SPP[15] - P[15][15]*SPP[21] + P[1][15]*(SF[16]*SF[23] - SF[17]*SPP[21])) + dvxNoise*sq(SG[1] + SG[2] - SG[3] - SQ[7]);
nextP[0][4] = P[0][4]*SPP[5] - P[1][4]*SPP[4] + P[2][4]*SPP[8] + P[9][4]*SPP[22] + P[12][4]*SPP[18] + SF[22]*(P[0][15]*SPP[5] - P[1][15]*SPP[4] + P[2][15]*SPP[8] + P[9][15]*SPP[22] + P[12][15]*SPP[18]) + SPP[12]*(P[0][1]*SPP[5] - P[1][1]*SPP[4] + P[2][1]*SPP[8] + P[9][1]*SPP[22] + P[12][1]*SPP[18]) + SPP[20]*(P[0][0]*SPP[5] - P[1][0]*SPP[4] + P[2][0]*SPP[8] + P[9][0]*SPP[22] + P[12][0]*SPP[18]) + SPP[11]*(P[0][2]*SPP[5] - P[1][2]*SPP[4] + P[2][2]*SPP[8] + P[9][2]*SPP[22] + P[12][2]*SPP[18]);
nextP[1][4] = P[1][4]*SPP[6] - P[0][4]*SPP[2] - P[2][4]*SPP[9] + P[10][4]*SPP[22] + P[13][4]*SPP[17] + SF[22]*(P[1][15]*SPP[6] - P[0][15]*SPP[2] - P[2][15]*SPP[9] + P[10][15]*SPP[22] + P[13][15]*SPP[17]) + SPP[12]*(P[1][1]*SPP[6] - P[0][1]*SPP[2] - P[2][1]*SPP[9] + P[10][1]*SPP[22] + P[13][1]*SPP[17]) + SPP[20]*(P[1][0]*SPP[6] - P[0][0]*SPP[2] - P[2][0]*SPP[9] + P[10][0]*SPP[22] + P[13][0]*SPP[17]) + SPP[11]*(P[1][2]*SPP[6] - P[0][2]*SPP[2] - P[2][2]*SPP[9] + P[10][2]*SPP[22] + P[13][2]*SPP[17]);
nextP[2][4] = P[0][4]*SPP[14] - P[1][4]*SPP[3] + P[2][4]*SPP[13] + P[11][4]*SPP[22] + P[14][4]*SPP[16] + SF[22]*(P[0][15]*SPP[14] - P[1][15]*SPP[3] + P[2][15]*SPP[13] + P[11][15]*SPP[22] + P[14][15]*SPP[16]) + SPP[12]*(P[0][1]*SPP[14] - P[1][1]*SPP[3] + P[2][1]*SPP[13] + P[11][1]*SPP[22] + P[14][1]*SPP[16]) + SPP[20]*(P[0][0]*SPP[14] - P[1][0]*SPP[3] + P[2][0]*SPP[13] + P[11][0]*SPP[22] + P[14][0]*SPP[16]) + SPP[11]*(P[0][2]*SPP[14] - P[1][2]*SPP[3] + P[2][2]*SPP[13] + P[11][2]*SPP[22] + P[14][2]*SPP[16]);
nextP[3][4] = P[3][4] + SQ[2] + P[0][4]*SPP[1] + P[1][4]*SPP[19] + P[2][4]*SPP[15] - P[15][4]*SPP[21] + SF[22]*(P[3][15] + P[0][15]*SPP[1] + P[1][15]*SPP[19] + P[2][15]*SPP[15] - P[15][15]*SPP[21]) + SPP[12]*(P[3][1] + P[0][1]*SPP[1] + P[1][1]*SPP[19] + P[2][1]*SPP[15] - P[15][1]*SPP[21]) + SPP[20]*(P[3][0] + P[0][0]*SPP[1] + P[1][0]*SPP[19] + P[2][0]*SPP[15] - P[15][0]*SPP[21]) + SPP[11]*(P[3][2] + P[0][2]*SPP[1] + P[1][2]*SPP[19] + P[2][2]*SPP[15] - P[15][2]*SPP[21]);
nextP[4][4] = P[4][4] + P[15][4]*SF[22] + P[0][4]*SPP[20] + P[1][4]*SPP[12] + P[2][4]*SPP[11] + dvxNoise*sq(SQ[6] + 2*q0*q3) + dvzNoise*sq(SQ[4] - 2*q0*q1) + SF[22]*(P[4][15] + P[15][15]*SF[22] + P[0][15]*SPP[20] + P[1][15]*SPP[12] + P[2][15]*SPP[11]) + SPP[12]*(P[4][1] + P[15][1]*SF[22] + P[0][1]*SPP[20] + P[1][1]*SPP[12] + P[2][1]*SPP[11]) + SPP[20]*(P[4][0] + P[15][0]*SF[22] + P[0][0]*SPP[20] + P[1][0]*SPP[12] + P[2][0]*SPP[11]) + SPP[11]*(P[4][2] + P[15][2]*SF[22] + P[0][2]*SPP[20] + P[1][2]*SPP[12] + P[2][2]*SPP[11]) + dvyNoise*sq(SG[1] - SG[2] + SG[3] - SQ[7]);
nextP[0][5] = P[0][5]*SPP[5] - P[1][5]*SPP[4] + P[2][5]*SPP[8] + P[9][5]*SPP[22] + P[12][5]*SPP[18] + SF[20]*(P[0][15]*SPP[5] - P[1][15]*SPP[4] + P[2][15]*SPP[8] + P[9][15]*SPP[22] + P[12][15]*SPP[18]) - SPP[7]*(P[0][0]*SPP[5] - P[1][0]*SPP[4] + P[2][0]*SPP[8] + P[9][0]*SPP[22] + P[12][0]*SPP[18]) + SPP[0]*(P[0][2]*SPP[5] - P[1][2]*SPP[4] + P[2][2]*SPP[8] + P[9][2]*SPP[22] + P[12][2]*SPP[18]) + SPP[10]*(P[0][1]*SPP[5] - P[1][1]*SPP[4] + P[2][1]*SPP[8] + P[9][1]*SPP[22] + P[12][1]*SPP[18]);
nextP[1][5] = P[1][5]*SPP[6] - P[0][5]*SPP[2] - P[2][5]*SPP[9] + P[10][5]*SPP[22] + P[13][5]*SPP[17] + SF[20]*(P[1][15]*SPP[6] - P[0][15]*SPP[2] - P[2][15]*SPP[9] + P[10][15]*SPP[22] + P[13][15]*SPP[17]) - SPP[7]*(P[1][0]*SPP[6] - P[0][0]*SPP[2] - P[2][0]*SPP[9] + P[10][0]*SPP[22] + P[13][0]*SPP[17]) + SPP[0]*(P[1][2]*SPP[6] - P[0][2]*SPP[2] - P[2][2]*SPP[9] + P[10][2]*SPP[22] + P[13][2]*SPP[17]) + SPP[10]*(P[1][1]*SPP[6] - P[0][1]*SPP[2] - P[2][1]*SPP[9] + P[10][1]*SPP[22] + P[13][1]*SPP[17]);
nextP[2][5] = P[0][5]*SPP[14] - P[1][5]*SPP[3] + P[2][5]*SPP[13] + P[11][5]*SPP[22] + P[14][5]*SPP[16] + SF[20]*(P[0][15]*SPP[14] - P[1][15]*SPP[3] + P[2][15]*SPP[13] + P[11][15]*SPP[22] + P[14][15]*SPP[16]) - SPP[7]*(P[0][0]*SPP[14] - P[1][0]*SPP[3] + P[2][0]*SPP[13] + P[11][0]*SPP[22] + P[14][0]*SPP[16]) + SPP[0]*(P[0][2]*SPP[14] - P[1][2]*SPP[3] + P[2][2]*SPP[13] + P[11][2]*SPP[22] + P[14][2]*SPP[16]) + SPP[10]*(P[0][1]*SPP[14] - P[1][1]*SPP[3] + P[2][1]*SPP[13] + P[11][1]*SPP[22] + P[14][1]*SPP[16]);
nextP[3][5] = P[3][5] + SQ[1] + P[0][5]*SPP[1] + P[1][5]*SPP[19] + P[2][5]*SPP[15] - P[15][5]*SPP[21] + SF[20]*(P[3][15] + P[0][15]*SPP[1] + P[1][15]*SPP[19] + P[2][15]*SPP[15] - P[15][15]*SPP[21]) - SPP[7]*(P[3][0] + P[0][0]*SPP[1] + P[1][0]*SPP[19] + P[2][0]*SPP[15] - P[15][0]*SPP[21]) + SPP[0]*(P[3][2] + P[0][2]*SPP[1] + P[1][2]*SPP[19] + P[2][2]*SPP[15] - P[15][2]*SPP[21]) + SPP[10]*(P[3][1] + P[0][1]*SPP[1] + P[1][1]*SPP[19] + P[2][1]*SPP[15] - P[15][1]*SPP[21]);
nextP[4][5] = P[4][5] + SQ[0] + P[15][5]*SF[22] + P[0][5]*SPP[20] + P[1][5]*SPP[12] + P[2][5]*SPP[11] + SF[20]*(P[4][15] + P[15][15]*SF[22] + P[0][15]*SPP[20] + P[1][15]*SPP[12] + P[2][15]*SPP[11]) - SPP[7]*(P[4][0] + P[15][0]*SF[22] + P[0][0]*SPP[20] + P[1][0]*SPP[12] + P[2][0]*SPP[11]) + SPP[0]*(P[4][2] + P[15][2]*SF[22] + P[0][2]*SPP[20] + P[1][2]*SPP[12] + P[2][2]*SPP[11]) + SPP[10]*(P[4][1] + P[15][1]*SF[22] + P[0][1]*SPP[20] + P[1][1]*SPP[12] + P[2][1]*SPP[11]);
nextP[5][5] = P[5][5] + P[15][5]*SF[20] - P[0][5]*SPP[7] + P[1][5]*SPP[10] + P[2][5]*SPP[0] + dvxNoise*sq(SQ[5] - 2*q0*q2) + dvyNoise*sq(SQ[4] + 2*q0*q1) + SF[20]*(P[5][15] + P[15][15]*SF[20] - P[0][15]*SPP[7] + P[1][15]*SPP[10] + P[2][15]*SPP[0]) - SPP[7]*(P[5][0] + P[15][0]*SF[20] - P[0][0]*SPP[7] + P[1][0]*SPP[10] + P[2][0]*SPP[0]) + SPP[0]*(P[5][2] + P[15][2]*SF[20] - P[0][2]*SPP[7] + P[1][2]*SPP[10] + P[2][2]*SPP[0]) + SPP[10]*(P[5][1] + P[15][1]*SF[20] - P[0][1]*SPP[7] + P[1][1]*SPP[10] + P[2][1]*SPP[0]) + dvzNoise*sq(SG[1] - SG[2] - SG[3] + SQ[7]);
nextP[0][6] = P[0][6]*SPP[5] - P[1][6]*SPP[4] + P[2][6]*SPP[8] + P[9][6]*SPP[22] + P[12][6]*SPP[18] + dt*(P[0][3]*SPP[5] - P[1][3]*SPP[4] + P[2][3]*SPP[8] + P[9][3]*SPP[22] + P[12][3]*SPP[18]);
nextP[1][6] = P[1][6]*SPP[6] - P[0][6]*SPP[2] - P[2][6]*SPP[9] + P[10][6]*SPP[22] + P[13][6]*SPP[17] + dt*(P[1][3]*SPP[6] - P[0][3]*SPP[2] - P[2][3]*SPP[9] + P[10][3]*SPP[22] + P[13][3]*SPP[17]);
nextP[2][6] = P[0][6]*SPP[14] - P[1][6]*SPP[3] + P[2][6]*SPP[13] + P[11][6]*SPP[22] + P[14][6]*SPP[16] + dt*(P[0][3]*SPP[14] - P[1][3]*SPP[3] + P[2][3]*SPP[13] + P[11][3]*SPP[22] + P[14][3]*SPP[16]);
nextP[3][6] = P[3][6] + P[0][6]*SPP[1] + P[1][6]*SPP[19] + P[2][6]*SPP[15] - P[15][6]*SPP[21] + dt*(P[3][3] + P[0][3]*SPP[1] + P[1][3]*SPP[19] + P[2][3]*SPP[15] - P[15][3]*SPP[21]);
nextP[4][6] = P[4][6] + P[15][6]*SF[22] + P[0][6]*SPP[20] + P[1][6]*SPP[12] + P[2][6]*SPP[11] + dt*(P[4][3] + P[15][3]*SF[22] + P[0][3]*SPP[20] + P[1][3]*SPP[12] + P[2][3]*SPP[11]);
nextP[5][6] = P[5][6] + P[15][6]*SF[20] - P[0][6]*SPP[7] + P[1][6]*SPP[10] + P[2][6]*SPP[0] + dt*(P[5][3] + P[15][3]*SF[20] - P[0][3]*SPP[7] + P[1][3]*SPP[10] + P[2][3]*SPP[0]);
nextP[6][6] = P[6][6] + P[3][6]*dt + dt*(P[6][3] + P[3][3]*dt);
nextP[0][7] = P[0][7]*SPP[5] - P[1][7]*SPP[4] + P[2][7]*SPP[8] + P[9][7]*SPP[22] + P[12][7]*SPP[18] + dt*(P[0][4]*SPP[5] - P[1][4]*SPP[4] + P[2][4]*SPP[8] + P[9][4]*SPP[22] + P[12][4]*SPP[18]);
nextP[1][7] = P[1][7]*SPP[6] - P[0][7]*SPP[2] - P[2][7]*SPP[9] + P[10][7]*SPP[22] + P[13][7]*SPP[17] + dt*(P[1][4]*SPP[6] - P[0][4]*SPP[2] - P[2][4]*SPP[9] + P[10][4]*SPP[22] + P[13][4]*SPP[17]);
nextP[2][7] = P[0][7]*SPP[14] - P[1][7]*SPP[3] + P[2][7]*SPP[13] + P[11][7]*SPP[22] + P[14][7]*SPP[16] + dt*(P[0][4]*SPP[14] - P[1][4]*SPP[3] + P[2][4]*SPP[13] + P[11][4]*SPP[22] + P[14][4]*SPP[16]);
nextP[3][7] = P[3][7] + P[0][7]*SPP[1] + P[1][7]*SPP[19] + P[2][7]*SPP[15] - P[15][7]*SPP[21] + dt*(P[3][4] + P[0][4]*SPP[1] + P[1][4]*SPP[19] + P[2][4]*SPP[15] - P[15][4]*SPP[21]);
nextP[4][7] = P[4][7] + P[15][7]*SF[22] + P[0][7]*SPP[20] + P[1][7]*SPP[12] + P[2][7]*SPP[11] + dt*(P[4][4] + P[15][4]*SF[22] + P[0][4]*SPP[20] + P[1][4]*SPP[12] + P[2][4]*SPP[11]);
nextP[5][7] = P[5][7] + P[15][7]*SF[20] - P[0][7]*SPP[7] + P[1][7]*SPP[10] + P[2][7]*SPP[0] + dt*(P[5][4] + P[15][4]*SF[20] - P[0][4]*SPP[7] + P[1][4]*SPP[10] + P[2][4]*SPP[0]);
nextP[6][7] = P[6][7] + P[3][7]*dt + dt*(P[6][4] + P[3][4]*dt);
nextP[7][7] = P[7][7] + P[4][7]*dt + dt*(P[7][4] + P[4][4]*dt);
nextP[0][8] = P[0][8]*SPP[5] - P[1][8]*SPP[4] + P[2][8]*SPP[8] + P[9][8]*SPP[22] + P[12][8]*SPP[18] + dt*(P[0][5]*SPP[5] - P[1][5]*SPP[4] + P[2][5]*SPP[8] + P[9][5]*SPP[22] + P[12][5]*SPP[18]);
nextP[1][8] = P[1][8]*SPP[6] - P[0][8]*SPP[2] - P[2][8]*SPP[9] + P[10][8]*SPP[22] + P[13][8]*SPP[17] + dt*(P[1][5]*SPP[6] - P[0][5]*SPP[2] - P[2][5]*SPP[9] + P[10][5]*SPP[22] + P[13][5]*SPP[17]);
nextP[2][8] = P[0][8]*SPP[14] - P[1][8]*SPP[3] + P[2][8]*SPP[13] + P[11][8]*SPP[22] + P[14][8]*SPP[16] + dt*(P[0][5]*SPP[14] - P[1][5]*SPP[3] + P[2][5]*SPP[13] + P[11][5]*SPP[22] + P[14][5]*SPP[16]);
nextP[3][8] = P[3][8] + P[0][8]*SPP[1] + P[1][8]*SPP[19] + P[2][8]*SPP[15] - P[15][8]*SPP[21] + dt*(P[3][5] + P[0][5]*SPP[1] + P[1][5]*SPP[19] + P[2][5]*SPP[15] - P[15][5]*SPP[21]);
nextP[4][8] = P[4][8] + P[15][8]*SF[22] + P[0][8]*SPP[20] + P[1][8]*SPP[12] + P[2][8]*SPP[11] + dt*(P[4][5] + P[15][5]*SF[22] + P[0][5]*SPP[20] + P[1][5]*SPP[12] + P[2][5]*SPP[11]);
nextP[5][8] = P[5][8] + P[15][8]*SF[20] - P[0][8]*SPP[7] + P[1][8]*SPP[10] + P[2][8]*SPP[0] + dt*(P[5][5] + P[15][5]*SF[20] - P[0][5]*SPP[7] + P[1][5]*SPP[10] + P[2][5]*SPP[0]);
nextP[6][8] = P[6][8] + P[3][8]*dt + dt*(P[6][5] + P[3][5]*dt);
nextP[7][8] = P[7][8] + P[4][8]*dt + dt*(P[7][5] + P[4][5]*dt);
nextP[8][8] = P[8][8] + P[5][8]*dt + dt*(P[8][5] + P[5][5]*dt);
nextP[0][9] = P[0][9]*SPP[5] - P[1][9]*SPP[4] + P[2][9]*SPP[8] + P[9][9]*SPP[22] + P[12][9]*SPP[18];
nextP[1][9] = P[1][9]*SPP[6] - P[0][9]*SPP[2] - P[2][9]*SPP[9] + P[10][9]*SPP[22] + P[13][9]*SPP[17];
nextP[2][9] = P[0][9]*SPP[14] - P[1][9]*SPP[3] + P[2][9]*SPP[13] + P[11][9]*SPP[22] + P[14][9]*SPP[16];
nextP[3][9] = P[3][9] + P[0][9]*SPP[1] + P[1][9]*SPP[19] + P[2][9]*SPP[15] - P[15][9]*SPP[21];
nextP[4][9] = P[4][9] + P[15][9]*SF[22] + P[0][9]*SPP[20] + P[1][9]*SPP[12] + P[2][9]*SPP[11];
nextP[5][9] = P[5][9] + P[15][9]*SF[20] - P[0][9]*SPP[7] + P[1][9]*SPP[10] + P[2][9]*SPP[0];
nextP[6][9] = P[6][9] + P[3][9]*dt;
nextP[7][9] = P[7][9] + P[4][9]*dt;
nextP[8][9] = P[8][9] + P[5][9]*dt;
nextP[9][9] = P[9][9];
nextP[0][10] = P[0][10]*SPP[5] - P[1][10]*SPP[4] + P[2][10]*SPP[8] + P[9][10]*SPP[22] + P[12][10]*SPP[18];
nextP[1][10] = P[1][10]*SPP[6] - P[0][10]*SPP[2] - P[2][10]*SPP[9] + P[10][10]*SPP[22] + P[13][10]*SPP[17];
nextP[2][10] = P[0][10]*SPP[14] - P[1][10]*SPP[3] + P[2][10]*SPP[13] + P[11][10]*SPP[22] + P[14][10]*SPP[16];
nextP[3][10] = P[3][10] + P[0][10]*SPP[1] + P[1][10]*SPP[19] + P[2][10]*SPP[15] - P[15][10]*SPP[21];
nextP[4][10] = P[4][10] + P[15][10]*SF[22] + P[0][10]*SPP[20] + P[1][10]*SPP[12] + P[2][10]*SPP[11];
nextP[5][10] = P[5][10] + P[15][10]*SF[20] - P[0][10]*SPP[7] + P[1][10]*SPP[10] + P[2][10]*SPP[0];
nextP[6][10] = P[6][10] + P[3][10]*dt;
nextP[7][10] = P[7][10] + P[4][10]*dt;
nextP[8][10] = P[8][10] + P[5][10]*dt;
nextP[9][10] = P[9][10];
nextP[10][10] = P[10][10];
nextP[0][11] = P[0][11]*SPP[5] - P[1][11]*SPP[4] + P[2][11]*SPP[8] + P[9][11]*SPP[22] + P[12][11]*SPP[18];
nextP[1][11] = P[1][11]*SPP[6] - P[0][11]*SPP[2] - P[2][11]*SPP[9] + P[10][11]*SPP[22] + P[13][11]*SPP[17];
nextP[2][11] = P[0][11]*SPP[14] - P[1][11]*SPP[3] + P[2][11]*SPP[13] + P[11][11]*SPP[22] + P[14][11]*SPP[16];
nextP[3][11] = P[3][11] + P[0][11]*SPP[1] + P[1][11]*SPP[19] + P[2][11]*SPP[15] - P[15][11]*SPP[21];
nextP[4][11] = P[4][11] + P[15][11]*SF[22] + P[0][11]*SPP[20] + P[1][11]*SPP[12] + P[2][11]*SPP[11];
nextP[5][11] = P[5][11] + P[15][11]*SF[20] - P[0][11]*SPP[7] + P[1][11]*SPP[10] + P[2][11]*SPP[0];
nextP[6][11] = P[6][11] + P[3][11]*dt;
nextP[7][11] = P[7][11] + P[4][11]*dt;
nextP[8][11] = P[8][11] + P[5][11]*dt;
nextP[9][11] = P[9][11];
nextP[10][11] = P[10][11];
nextP[11][11] = P[11][11];
nextP[0][12] = P[0][12]*SPP[5] - P[1][12]*SPP[4] + P[2][12]*SPP[8] + P[9][12]*SPP[22] + P[12][12]*SPP[18];
nextP[1][12] = P[1][12]*SPP[6] - P[0][12]*SPP[2] - P[2][12]*SPP[9] + P[10][12]*SPP[22] + P[13][12]*SPP[17];
nextP[2][12] = P[0][12]*SPP[14] - P[1][12]*SPP[3] + P[2][12]*SPP[13] + P[11][12]*SPP[22] + P[14][12]*SPP[16];
nextP[3][12] = P[3][12] + P[0][12]*SPP[1] + P[1][12]*SPP[19] + P[2][12]*SPP[15] - P[15][12]*SPP[21];
nextP[4][12] = P[4][12] + P[15][12]*SF[22] + P[0][12]*SPP[20] + P[1][12]*SPP[12] + P[2][12]*SPP[11];
nextP[5][12] = P[5][12] + P[15][12]*SF[20] - P[0][12]*SPP[7] + P[1][12]*SPP[10] + P[2][12]*SPP[0];
nextP[6][12] = P[6][12] + P[3][12]*dt;
nextP[7][12] = P[7][12] + P[4][12]*dt;
nextP[8][12] = P[8][12] + P[5][12]*dt;
nextP[9][12] = P[9][12];
nextP[10][12] = P[10][12];
nextP[11][12] = P[11][12];
nextP[12][12] = P[12][12];
nextP[0][13] = P[0][13]*SPP[5] - P[1][13]*SPP[4] + P[2][13]*SPP[8] + P[9][13]*SPP[22] + P[12][13]*SPP[18];
nextP[1][13] = P[1][13]*SPP[6] - P[0][13]*SPP[2] - P[2][13]*SPP[9] + P[10][13]*SPP[22] + P[13][13]*SPP[17];
nextP[2][13] = P[0][13]*SPP[14] - P[1][13]*SPP[3] + P[2][13]*SPP[13] + P[11][13]*SPP[22] + P[14][13]*SPP[16];
nextP[3][13] = P[3][13] + P[0][13]*SPP[1] + P[1][13]*SPP[19] + P[2][13]*SPP[15] - P[15][13]*SPP[21];
nextP[4][13] = P[4][13] + P[15][13]*SF[22] + P[0][13]*SPP[20] + P[1][13]*SPP[12] + P[2][13]*SPP[11];
nextP[5][13] = P[5][13] + P[15][13]*SF[20] - P[0][13]*SPP[7] + P[1][13]*SPP[10] + P[2][13]*SPP[0];
nextP[6][13] = P[6][13] + P[3][13]*dt;
nextP[7][13] = P[7][13] + P[4][13]*dt;
nextP[8][13] = P[8][13] + P[5][13]*dt;
nextP[9][13] = P[9][13];
nextP[10][13] = P[10][13];
nextP[11][13] = P[11][13];
nextP[12][13] = P[12][13];
nextP[13][13] = P[13][13];
nextP[0][14] = P[0][14]*SPP[5] - P[1][14]*SPP[4] + P[2][14]*SPP[8] + P[9][14]*SPP[22] + P[12][14]*SPP[18];
nextP[1][14] = P[1][14]*SPP[6] - P[0][14]*SPP[2] - P[2][14]*SPP[9] + P[10][14]*SPP[22] + P[13][14]*SPP[17];
nextP[2][14] = P[0][14]*SPP[14] - P[1][14]*SPP[3] + P[2][14]*SPP[13] + P[11][14]*SPP[22] + P[14][14]*SPP[16];
nextP[3][14] = P[3][14] + P[0][14]*SPP[1] + P[1][14]*SPP[19] + P[2][14]*SPP[15] - P[15][14]*SPP[21];
nextP[4][14] = P[4][14] + P[15][14]*SF[22] + P[0][14]*SPP[20] + P[1][14]*SPP[12] + P[2][14]*SPP[11];
nextP[5][14] = P[5][14] + P[15][14]*SF[20] - P[0][14]*SPP[7] + P[1][14]*SPP[10] + P[2][14]*SPP[0];
nextP[6][14] = P[6][14] + P[3][14]*dt;
nextP[7][14] = P[7][14] + P[4][14]*dt;
nextP[8][14] = P[8][14] + P[5][14]*dt;
nextP[9][14] = P[9][14];
nextP[10][14] = P[10][14];
nextP[11][14] = P[11][14];
nextP[12][14] = P[12][14];
nextP[13][14] = P[13][14];
nextP[14][14] = P[14][14];
nextP[0][15] = P[0][15]*SPP[5] - P[1][15]*SPP[4] + P[2][15]*SPP[8] + P[9][15]*SPP[22] + P[12][15]*SPP[18];
nextP[1][15] = P[1][15]*SPP[6] - P[0][15]*SPP[2] - P[2][15]*SPP[9] + P[10][15]*SPP[22] + P[13][15]*SPP[17];
nextP[2][15] = P[0][15]*SPP[14] - P[1][15]*SPP[3] + P[2][15]*SPP[13] + P[11][15]*SPP[22] + P[14][15]*SPP[16];
nextP[3][15] = P[3][15] + P[0][15]*SPP[1] + P[1][15]*SPP[19] + P[2][15]*SPP[15] - P[15][15]*SPP[21];
nextP[4][15] = P[4][15] + P[15][15]*SF[22] + P[0][15]*SPP[20] + P[1][15]*SPP[12] + P[2][15]*SPP[11];
nextP[5][15] = P[5][15] + P[15][15]*SF[20] - P[0][15]*SPP[7] + P[1][15]*SPP[10] + P[2][15]*SPP[0];
nextP[6][15] = P[6][15] + P[3][15]*dt;
nextP[7][15] = P[7][15] + P[4][15]*dt;
nextP[8][15] = P[8][15] + P[5][15]*dt;
nextP[9][15] = P[9][15];
nextP[10][15] = P[10][15];
nextP[11][15] = P[11][15];
nextP[12][15] = P[12][15];
nextP[13][15] = P[13][15];
nextP[14][15] = P[14][15];
nextP[15][15] = P[15][15];
if (stateIndexLim > 15) {
nextP[0][16] = P[0][16]*SPP[5] - P[1][16]*SPP[4] + P[2][16]*SPP[8] + P[9][16]*SPP[22] + P[12][16]*SPP[18];
nextP[1][16] = P[1][16]*SPP[6] - P[0][16]*SPP[2] - P[2][16]*SPP[9] + P[10][16]*SPP[22] + P[13][16]*SPP[17];
nextP[2][16] = P[0][16]*SPP[14] - P[1][16]*SPP[3] + P[2][16]*SPP[13] + P[11][16]*SPP[22] + P[14][16]*SPP[16];
nextP[3][16] = P[3][16] + P[0][16]*SPP[1] + P[1][16]*SPP[19] + P[2][16]*SPP[15] - P[15][16]*SPP[21];
nextP[4][16] = P[4][16] + P[15][16]*SF[22] + P[0][16]*SPP[20] + P[1][16]*SPP[12] + P[2][16]*SPP[11];
nextP[5][16] = P[5][16] + P[15][16]*SF[20] - P[0][16]*SPP[7] + P[1][16]*SPP[10] + P[2][16]*SPP[0];
nextP[6][16] = P[6][16] + P[3][16]*dt;
nextP[7][16] = P[7][16] + P[4][16]*dt;
nextP[8][16] = P[8][16] + P[5][16]*dt;
nextP[9][16] = P[9][16];
nextP[10][16] = P[10][16];
nextP[11][16] = P[11][16];
nextP[12][16] = P[12][16];
nextP[13][16] = P[13][16];
nextP[14][16] = P[14][16];
nextP[15][16] = P[15][16];
nextP[16][16] = P[16][16];
nextP[0][17] = P[0][17]*SPP[5] - P[1][17]*SPP[4] + P[2][17]*SPP[8] + P[9][17]*SPP[22] + P[12][17]*SPP[18];
nextP[1][17] = P[1][17]*SPP[6] - P[0][17]*SPP[2] - P[2][17]*SPP[9] + P[10][17]*SPP[22] + P[13][17]*SPP[17];
nextP[2][17] = P[0][17]*SPP[14] - P[1][17]*SPP[3] + P[2][17]*SPP[13] + P[11][17]*SPP[22] + P[14][17]*SPP[16];
nextP[3][17] = P[3][17] + P[0][17]*SPP[1] + P[1][17]*SPP[19] + P[2][17]*SPP[15] - P[15][17]*SPP[21];
nextP[4][17] = P[4][17] + P[15][17]*SF[22] + P[0][17]*SPP[20] + P[1][17]*SPP[12] + P[2][17]*SPP[11];
nextP[5][17] = P[5][17] + P[15][17]*SF[20] - P[0][17]*SPP[7] + P[1][17]*SPP[10] + P[2][17]*SPP[0];
nextP[6][17] = P[6][17] + P[3][17]*dt;
nextP[7][17] = P[7][17] + P[4][17]*dt;
nextP[8][17] = P[8][17] + P[5][17]*dt;
nextP[9][17] = P[9][17];
nextP[10][17] = P[10][17];
nextP[11][17] = P[11][17];
nextP[12][17] = P[12][17];
nextP[13][17] = P[13][17];
nextP[14][17] = P[14][17];
nextP[15][17] = P[15][17];
nextP[16][17] = P[16][17];
nextP[17][17] = P[17][17];
nextP[0][18] = P[0][18]*SPP[5] - P[1][18]*SPP[4] + P[2][18]*SPP[8] + P[9][18]*SPP[22] + P[12][18]*SPP[18];
nextP[1][18] = P[1][18]*SPP[6] - P[0][18]*SPP[2] - P[2][18]*SPP[9] + P[10][18]*SPP[22] + P[13][18]*SPP[17];
nextP[2][18] = P[0][18]*SPP[14] - P[1][18]*SPP[3] + P[2][18]*SPP[13] + P[11][18]*SPP[22] + P[14][18]*SPP[16];
nextP[3][18] = P[3][18] + P[0][18]*SPP[1] + P[1][18]*SPP[19] + P[2][18]*SPP[15] - P[15][18]*SPP[21];
nextP[4][18] = P[4][18] + P[15][18]*SF[22] + P[0][18]*SPP[20] + P[1][18]*SPP[12] + P[2][18]*SPP[11];
nextP[5][18] = P[5][18] + P[15][18]*SF[20] - P[0][18]*SPP[7] + P[1][18]*SPP[10] + P[2][18]*SPP[0];
nextP[6][18] = P[6][18] + P[3][18]*dt;
nextP[7][18] = P[7][18] + P[4][18]*dt;
nextP[8][18] = P[8][18] + P[5][18]*dt;
nextP[9][18] = P[9][18];
nextP[10][18] = P[10][18];
nextP[11][18] = P[11][18];
nextP[12][18] = P[12][18];
nextP[13][18] = P[13][18];
nextP[14][18] = P[14][18];
nextP[15][18] = P[15][18];
nextP[16][18] = P[16][18];
nextP[17][18] = P[17][18];
nextP[18][18] = P[18][18];
nextP[0][19] = P[0][19]*SPP[5] - P[1][19]*SPP[4] + P[2][19]*SPP[8] + P[9][19]*SPP[22] + P[12][19]*SPP[18];
nextP[1][19] = P[1][19]*SPP[6] - P[0][19]*SPP[2] - P[2][19]*SPP[9] + P[10][19]*SPP[22] + P[13][19]*SPP[17];
nextP[2][19] = P[0][19]*SPP[14] - P[1][19]*SPP[3] + P[2][19]*SPP[13] + P[11][19]*SPP[22] + P[14][19]*SPP[16];
nextP[3][19] = P[3][19] + P[0][19]*SPP[1] + P[1][19]*SPP[19] + P[2][19]*SPP[15] - P[15][19]*SPP[21];
nextP[4][19] = P[4][19] + P[15][19]*SF[22] + P[0][19]*SPP[20] + P[1][19]*SPP[12] + P[2][19]*SPP[11];
nextP[5][19] = P[5][19] + P[15][19]*SF[20] - P[0][19]*SPP[7] + P[1][19]*SPP[10] + P[2][19]*SPP[0];
nextP[6][19] = P[6][19] + P[3][19]*dt;
nextP[7][19] = P[7][19] + P[4][19]*dt;
nextP[8][19] = P[8][19] + P[5][19]*dt;
nextP[9][19] = P[9][19];
nextP[10][19] = P[10][19];
nextP[11][19] = P[11][19];
nextP[12][19] = P[12][19];
nextP[13][19] = P[13][19];
nextP[14][19] = P[14][19];
nextP[15][19] = P[15][19];
nextP[16][19] = P[16][19];
nextP[17][19] = P[17][19];
nextP[18][19] = P[18][19];
nextP[19][19] = P[19][19];
nextP[0][20] = P[0][20]*SPP[5] - P[1][20]*SPP[4] + P[2][20]*SPP[8] + P[9][20]*SPP[22] + P[12][20]*SPP[18];
nextP[1][20] = P[1][20]*SPP[6] - P[0][20]*SPP[2] - P[2][20]*SPP[9] + P[10][20]*SPP[22] + P[13][20]*SPP[17];
nextP[2][20] = P[0][20]*SPP[14] - P[1][20]*SPP[3] + P[2][20]*SPP[13] + P[11][20]*SPP[22] + P[14][20]*SPP[16];
nextP[3][20] = P[3][20] + P[0][20]*SPP[1] + P[1][20]*SPP[19] + P[2][20]*SPP[15] - P[15][20]*SPP[21];
nextP[4][20] = P[4][20] + P[15][20]*SF[22] + P[0][20]*SPP[20] + P[1][20]*SPP[12] + P[2][20]*SPP[11];
nextP[5][20] = P[5][20] + P[15][20]*SF[20] - P[0][20]*SPP[7] + P[1][20]*SPP[10] + P[2][20]*SPP[0];
nextP[6][20] = P[6][20] + P[3][20]*dt;
nextP[7][20] = P[7][20] + P[4][20]*dt;
nextP[8][20] = P[8][20] + P[5][20]*dt;
nextP[9][20] = P[9][20];
nextP[10][20] = P[10][20];
nextP[11][20] = P[11][20];
nextP[12][20] = P[12][20];
nextP[13][20] = P[13][20];
nextP[14][20] = P[14][20];
nextP[15][20] = P[15][20];
nextP[16][20] = P[16][20];
nextP[17][20] = P[17][20];
nextP[18][20] = P[18][20];
nextP[19][20] = P[19][20];
nextP[20][20] = P[20][20];
nextP[0][21] = P[0][21]*SPP[5] - P[1][21]*SPP[4] + P[2][21]*SPP[8] + P[9][21]*SPP[22] + P[12][21]*SPP[18];
nextP[1][21] = P[1][21]*SPP[6] - P[0][21]*SPP[2] - P[2][21]*SPP[9] + P[10][21]*SPP[22] + P[13][21]*SPP[17];
nextP[2][21] = P[0][21]*SPP[14] - P[1][21]*SPP[3] + P[2][21]*SPP[13] + P[11][21]*SPP[22] + P[14][21]*SPP[16];
nextP[3][21] = P[3][21] + P[0][21]*SPP[1] + P[1][21]*SPP[19] + P[2][21]*SPP[15] - P[15][21]*SPP[21];
nextP[4][21] = P[4][21] + P[15][21]*SF[22] + P[0][21]*SPP[20] + P[1][21]*SPP[12] + P[2][21]*SPP[11];
nextP[5][21] = P[5][21] + P[15][21]*SF[20] - P[0][21]*SPP[7] + P[1][21]*SPP[10] + P[2][21]*SPP[0];
nextP[6][21] = P[6][21] + P[3][21]*dt;
nextP[7][21] = P[7][21] + P[4][21]*dt;
nextP[8][21] = P[8][21] + P[5][21]*dt;
nextP[9][21] = P[9][21];
nextP[10][21] = P[10][21];
nextP[11][21] = P[11][21];
nextP[12][21] = P[12][21];
nextP[13][21] = P[13][21];
nextP[14][21] = P[14][21];
nextP[15][21] = P[15][21];
nextP[16][21] = P[16][21];
nextP[17][21] = P[17][21];
nextP[18][21] = P[18][21];
nextP[19][21] = P[19][21];
nextP[20][21] = P[20][21];
nextP[21][21] = P[21][21];
if (stateIndexLim > 21) {
nextP[0][22] = P[0][22]*SPP[5] - P[1][22]*SPP[4] + P[2][22]*SPP[8] + P[9][22]*SPP[22] + P[12][22]*SPP[18];
nextP[1][22] = P[1][22]*SPP[6] - P[0][22]*SPP[2] - P[2][22]*SPP[9] + P[10][22]*SPP[22] + P[13][22]*SPP[17];
nextP[2][22] = P[0][22]*SPP[14] - P[1][22]*SPP[3] + P[2][22]*SPP[13] + P[11][22]*SPP[22] + P[14][22]*SPP[16];
nextP[3][22] = P[3][22] + P[0][22]*SPP[1] + P[1][22]*SPP[19] + P[2][22]*SPP[15] - P[15][22]*SPP[21];
nextP[4][22] = P[4][22] + P[15][22]*SF[22] + P[0][22]*SPP[20] + P[1][22]*SPP[12] + P[2][22]*SPP[11];
nextP[5][22] = P[5][22] + P[15][22]*SF[20] - P[0][22]*SPP[7] + P[1][22]*SPP[10] + P[2][22]*SPP[0];
nextP[6][22] = P[6][22] + P[3][22]*dt;
nextP[7][22] = P[7][22] + P[4][22]*dt;
nextP[8][22] = P[8][22] + P[5][22]*dt;
nextP[9][22] = P[9][22];
nextP[10][22] = P[10][22];
nextP[11][22] = P[11][22];
nextP[12][22] = P[12][22];
nextP[13][22] = P[13][22];
nextP[14][22] = P[14][22];
nextP[15][22] = P[15][22];
nextP[16][22] = P[16][22];
nextP[17][22] = P[17][22];
nextP[18][22] = P[18][22];
nextP[19][22] = P[19][22];
nextP[20][22] = P[20][22];
nextP[21][22] = P[21][22];
nextP[22][22] = P[22][22];
nextP[0][23] = P[0][23]*SPP[5] - P[1][23]*SPP[4] + P[2][23]*SPP[8] + P[9][23]*SPP[22] + P[12][23]*SPP[18];
nextP[1][23] = P[1][23]*SPP[6] - P[0][23]*SPP[2] - P[2][23]*SPP[9] + P[10][23]*SPP[22] + P[13][23]*SPP[17];
nextP[2][23] = P[0][23]*SPP[14] - P[1][23]*SPP[3] + P[2][23]*SPP[13] + P[11][23]*SPP[22] + P[14][23]*SPP[16];
nextP[3][23] = P[3][23] + P[0][23]*SPP[1] + P[1][23]*SPP[19] + P[2][23]*SPP[15] - P[15][23]*SPP[21];
nextP[4][23] = P[4][23] + P[15][23]*SF[22] + P[0][23]*SPP[20] + P[1][23]*SPP[12] + P[2][23]*SPP[11];
nextP[5][23] = P[5][23] + P[15][23]*SF[20] - P[0][23]*SPP[7] + P[1][23]*SPP[10] + P[2][23]*SPP[0];
nextP[6][23] = P[6][23] + P[3][23]*dt;
nextP[7][23] = P[7][23] + P[4][23]*dt;
nextP[8][23] = P[8][23] + P[5][23]*dt;
nextP[9][23] = P[9][23];
nextP[10][23] = P[10][23];
nextP[11][23] = P[11][23];
nextP[12][23] = P[12][23];
nextP[13][23] = P[13][23];
nextP[14][23] = P[14][23];
nextP[15][23] = P[15][23];
nextP[16][23] = P[16][23];
nextP[17][23] = P[17][23];
nextP[18][23] = P[18][23];
nextP[19][23] = P[19][23];
nextP[20][23] = P[20][23];
nextP[21][23] = P[21][23];
nextP[22][23] = P[22][23];
nextP[23][23] = P[23][23];
}
}
// Copy upper diagonal to lower diagonal taking advantage of symmetry
for (uint8_t colIndex=0; colIndex<=stateIndexLim; colIndex++)
{
for (uint8_t rowIndex=0; rowIndex<colIndex; rowIndex++)
{
nextP[colIndex][rowIndex] = nextP[rowIndex][colIndex];
}
}
// add the general state process noise variances
for (uint8_t i=0; i<=stateIndexLim; i++)
{
nextP[i][i] = nextP[i][i] + processNoise[i];
}
// if the total position variance exceeds 1e4 (100m), then stop covariance
// growth by setting the predicted to the previous values
// This prevent an ill conditioned matrix from occurring for long periods
// without GPS
if ((P[6][6] + P[7][7]) > 1e4f)
{
for (uint8_t i=6; i<=7; i++)
{
for (uint8_t j=0; j<=stateIndexLim; j++)
{
nextP[i][j] = P[i][j];
nextP[j][i] = P[j][i];
}
}
}
// copy covariances to output
CopyCovariances();
// constrain diagonals to prevent ill-conditioning
ConstrainVariances();
// set the flag to indicate that covariance prediction has been performed and reset the increments used by the covariance prediction
covPredStep = true;
summedDelAng.zero();
summedDelVel.zero();
dt = 0.0f;
hal.util->perf_end(_perf_CovariancePrediction);
}
// zero specified range of rows in the state covariance matrix
void NavEKF2_core::zeroRows(Matrix24 &covMat, uint8_t first, uint8_t last)
{
uint8_t row;
for (row=first; row<=last; row++)
{
memset(&covMat[row][0], 0, sizeof(covMat[0][0])*24);
}
}
// zero specified range of columns in the state covariance matrix
void NavEKF2_core::zeroCols(Matrix24 &covMat, uint8_t first, uint8_t last)
{
uint8_t row;
for (row=0; row<=23; row++)
{
memset(&covMat[row][first], 0, sizeof(covMat[0][0])*(1+last-first));
}
}
// store output data in the FIFO
void NavEKF2_core::StoreOutput()
{
storedOutput[fifoIndexNow] = outputDataNew;
}
// reset the output data to the current EKF state
void NavEKF2_core::StoreOutputReset()
{
outputDataNew.quat = stateStruct.quat;
outputDataNew.velocity = stateStruct.velocity;
outputDataNew.position = stateStruct.position;
// write current measurement to entire table
for (uint8_t i=0; i<IMU_BUFFER_LENGTH; i++) {
storedOutput[i] = outputDataNew;
}
outputDataDelayed = outputDataNew;
// reset the states for the complementary filter used to provide a vertical position dervative output
posDown = stateStruct.position.z;
posDownDerivative = stateStruct.velocity.z;
}
// Reset the stored output quaternion history to current EKF state
void NavEKF2_core::StoreQuatReset()
{
outputDataNew.quat = stateStruct.quat;
// write current measurement to entire table
for (uint8_t i=0; i<IMU_BUFFER_LENGTH; i++) {
storedOutput[i].quat = outputDataNew.quat;
}
outputDataDelayed.quat = outputDataNew.quat;
}
// Rotate the stored output quaternion history through a quaternion rotation
void NavEKF2_core::StoreQuatRotate(Quaternion deltaQuat)
{
outputDataNew.quat = outputDataNew.quat*deltaQuat;
// write current measurement to entire table
for (uint8_t i=0; i<IMU_BUFFER_LENGTH; i++) {
storedOutput[i].quat = storedOutput[i].quat*deltaQuat;
}
outputDataDelayed.quat = outputDataDelayed.quat*deltaQuat;
}
// recall output data from the FIFO
void NavEKF2_core::RecallOutput()
{
outputDataDelayed = storedOutput[fifoIndexDelayed];
}
// calculate nav to body quaternions from body to nav rotation matrix
void NavEKF2_core::quat2Tbn(Matrix3f &Tbn, const Quaternion &quat) const
{
// Calculate the body to nav cosine matrix
quat.rotation_matrix(Tbn);
}
// force symmetry on the covariance matrix to prevent ill-conditioning
void NavEKF2_core::ForceSymmetry()
{
for (uint8_t i=1; i<=stateIndexLim; i++)
{
for (uint8_t j=0; j<=i-1; j++)
{
float temp = 0.5f*(P[i][j] + P[j][i]);
P[i][j] = temp;
P[j][i] = temp;
}
}
}
// copy covariances across from covariance prediction calculation
void NavEKF2_core::CopyCovariances()
{
// copy predicted covariances
for (uint8_t i=0; i<=stateIndexLim; i++) {
for (uint8_t j=0; j<=stateIndexLim; j++)
{
P[i][j] = nextP[i][j];
}
}
}
// constrain variances (diagonal terms) in the state covariance matrix to prevent ill-conditioning
void NavEKF2_core::ConstrainVariances()
{
for (uint8_t i=0; i<=2; i++) P[i][i] = constrain_float(P[i][i],0.0f,1.0f); // attitude error
for (uint8_t i=3; i<=5; i++) P[i][i] = constrain_float(P[i][i],0.0f,1.0e3f); // velocities
for (uint8_t i=6; i<=8; i++) P[i][i] = constrain_float(P[i][i],0.0f,1.0e6f); // positions
for (uint8_t i=9; i<=11; i++) P[i][i] = constrain_float(P[i][i],0.0f,sq(0.175f * dtIMUavg)); // delta angle biases
for (uint8_t i=12; i<=14; i++) P[i][i] = constrain_float(P[i][i],0.0f,0.01f); // delta angle scale factors
P[15][15] = constrain_float(P[15][15],0.0f,sq(10.0f * dtIMUavg)); // delta velocity bias
for (uint8_t i=16; i<=18; i++) P[i][i] = constrain_float(P[i][i],0.0f,0.01f); // earth magnetic field
for (uint8_t i=19; i<=21; i++) P[i][i] = constrain_float(P[i][i],0.0f,0.01f); // body magnetic field
for (uint8_t i=22; i<=23; i++) P[i][i] = constrain_float(P[i][i],0.0f,1.0e3f); // wind velocity
}
// constrain states to prevent ill-conditioning
void NavEKF2_core::ConstrainStates()
{
// attitude errors are limited between +-1
for (uint8_t i=0; i<=2; i++) statesArray[i] = constrain_float(statesArray[i],-1.0f,1.0f);
// velocity limit 500 m/sec (could set this based on some multiple of max airspeed * EAS2TAS)
for (uint8_t i=3; i<=5; i++) statesArray[i] = constrain_float(statesArray[i],-5.0e2f,5.0e2f);
// position limit 1000 km - TODO apply circular limit
for (uint8_t i=6; i<=7; i++) statesArray[i] = constrain_float(statesArray[i],-1.0e6f,1.0e6f);
// height limit covers home alt on everest through to home alt at SL and ballon drop
stateStruct.position.z = constrain_float(stateStruct.position.z,-4.0e4f,1.0e4f);
// gyro bias limit (this needs to be set based on manufacturers specs)
for (uint8_t i=9; i<=11; i++) statesArray[i] = constrain_float(statesArray[i],-GYRO_BIAS_LIMIT*dtIMUavg,GYRO_BIAS_LIMIT*dtIMUavg);
// gyro scale factor limit of +-5% (this needs to be set based on manufacturers specs)
for (uint8_t i=12; i<=14; i++) statesArray[i] = constrain_float(statesArray[i],0.95f,1.05f);
// Z accel bias limit 1.0 m/s^2 (this needs to be finalised from test data)
stateStruct.accel_zbias = constrain_float(stateStruct.accel_zbias,-1.0f*dtIMUavg,1.0f*dtIMUavg);
// earth magnetic field limit
for (uint8_t i=16; i<=18; i++) statesArray[i] = constrain_float(statesArray[i],-1.0f,1.0f);
// body magnetic field limit
for (uint8_t i=19; i<=21; i++) statesArray[i] = constrain_float(statesArray[i],-0.5f,0.5f);
// wind velocity limit 100 m/s (could be based on some multiple of max airspeed * EAS2TAS) - TODO apply circular limit
for (uint8_t i=22; i<=23; i++) statesArray[i] = constrain_float(statesArray[i],-100.0f,100.0f);
// constrain the terrain offset state
terrainState = max(terrainState, stateStruct.position.z + rngOnGnd);
}
// calculate the NED earth spin vector in rad/sec
void NavEKF2_core::calcEarthRateNED(Vector3f &omega, int32_t latitude) const
{
float lat_rad = radians(latitude*1.0e-7f);
omega.x = earthRate*cosf(lat_rad);
omega.y = 0;
omega.z = -earthRate*sinf(lat_rad);
}
// initialise the earth magnetic field states using declination, suppled roll/pitch
// and magnetometer measurements and return initial attitude quaternion
// if no magnetometer data, do not update magnetic field states and assume zero yaw angle
Quaternion NavEKF2_core::calcQuatAndFieldStates(float roll, float pitch)
{
// declare local variables required to calculate initial orientation and magnetic field
float yaw;
Matrix3f Tbn;
Vector3f initMagNED;
Quaternion initQuat;
if (use_compass()) {
// calculate rotation matrix from body to NED frame
Tbn.from_euler(roll, pitch, 0.0f);
// read the magnetometer data
readMagData();
// rotate the magnetic field into NED axes
initMagNED = Tbn * magDataDelayed.mag;
// calculate heading of mag field rel to body heading
float magHeading = atan2f(initMagNED.y, initMagNED.x);
// get the magnetic declination
float magDecAng = use_compass() ? _ahrs->get_compass()->get_declination() : 0;
// calculate yaw angle rel to true north
yaw = magDecAng - magHeading;
yawAligned = true;
// calculate initial filter quaternion states using yaw from magnetometer if mag heading healthy
// otherwise use existing heading
if (!badMag) {
// store the yaw change so that it can be retrieved externally for use by the control loops to prevent yaw disturbances following a reset
Vector3f tempEuler;
stateStruct.quat.to_euler(tempEuler.x, tempEuler.y, tempEuler.z);
// this check ensures we accumulate the resets that occur within a single iteration of the EKF
if (imuSampleTime_ms != lastYawReset_ms) {
yawResetAngle = 0.0f;
}
yawResetAngle += wrap_PI(yaw - tempEuler.z);
lastYawReset_ms = imuSampleTime_ms;
// calculate an initial quaternion using the new yaw value
initQuat.from_euler(roll, pitch, yaw);
} else {
initQuat = stateStruct.quat;
}
// calculate initial Tbn matrix and rotate Mag measurements into NED
// to set initial NED magnetic field states
initQuat.rotation_matrix(Tbn);
stateStruct.earth_magfield = Tbn * magDataDelayed.mag;
// align the NE earth magnetic field states with the published declination
alignMagStateDeclination();
// zero the magnetic field state associated covariances
zeroRows(P,16,21);
zeroCols(P,16,21);
// set initial earth magnetic field variances
P[16][16] = sq(0.05f);
P[17][17] = P[16][16];
P[18][18] = P[16][16];
// set initial body magnetic field variances
P[19][19] = sq(0.05f);
P[20][20] = P[19][19];
P[21][21] = P[19][19];
// clear bad magnetometer status
badMag = false;
} else {
initQuat.from_euler(roll, pitch, 0.0f);
yawAligned = false;
}
// return attitude quaternion
return initQuat;
}
#endif // HAL_CPU_CLASS
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