cpython/Doc/c-api/function.rst

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.. highlight:: c
.. _function-objects:
Function Objects
----------------
.. index:: object: function
There are a few functions specific to Python functions.
.. c:type:: PyFunctionObject
The C structure used for functions.
.. c:var:: PyTypeObject PyFunction_Type
.. index:: single: MethodType (in module types)
This is an instance of :c:type:`PyTypeObject` and represents the Python function
type. It is exposed to Python programmers as ``types.FunctionType``.
.. c:function:: int PyFunction_Check(PyObject *o)
Return true if *o* is a function object (has type :c:data:`PyFunction_Type`).
The parameter must not be ``NULL``. This function always succeeds.
.. c:function:: PyObject* PyFunction_New(PyObject *code, PyObject *globals)
Return a new function object associated with the code object *code*. *globals*
must be a dictionary with the global variables accessible to the function.
The function's docstring and name are retrieved from the code object. *__module__*
is retrieved from *globals*. The argument defaults, annotations and closure are
set to ``NULL``. *__qualname__* is set to the same value as the code object's
``co_qualname`` field.
.. c:function:: PyObject* PyFunction_NewWithQualName(PyObject *code, PyObject *globals, PyObject *qualname)
As :c:func:`PyFunction_New`, but also allows setting the function object's
``__qualname__`` attribute. *qualname* should be a unicode object or ``NULL``;
if ``NULL``, the ``__qualname__`` attribute is set to the same value as the
code object's ``co_qualname`` field.
.. versionadded:: 3.3
.. c:function:: PyObject* PyFunction_GetCode(PyObject *op)
Return the code object associated with the function object *op*.
.. c:function:: PyObject* PyFunction_GetGlobals(PyObject *op)
Return the globals dictionary associated with the function object *op*.
.. c:function:: PyObject* PyFunction_GetModule(PyObject *op)
Return a :term:`borrowed reference` to the *__module__* attribute of the
function object *op*. It can be *NULL*.
This is normally a string containing the module name, but can be set to any
other object by Python code.
.. c:function:: PyObject* PyFunction_GetDefaults(PyObject *op)
Return the argument default values of the function object *op*. This can be a
tuple of arguments or ``NULL``.
.. c:function:: int PyFunction_SetDefaults(PyObject *op, PyObject *defaults)
Set the argument default values for the function object *op*. *defaults* must be
``Py_None`` or a tuple.
Raises :exc:`SystemError` and returns ``-1`` on failure.
.. c:function:: void PyFunction_SetVectorcall(PyFunctionObject *func, vectorcallfunc vectorcall)
Set the vectorcall field of a given function object *func*.
Warning: extensions using this API must preserve the behavior
of the unaltered (default) vectorcall function!
.. versionadded:: 3.12
.. c:function:: PyObject* PyFunction_GetClosure(PyObject *op)
Return the closure associated with the function object *op*. This can be ``NULL``
or a tuple of cell objects.
.. c:function:: int PyFunction_SetClosure(PyObject *op, PyObject *closure)
Set the closure associated with the function object *op*. *closure* must be
``Py_None`` or a tuple of cell objects.
Raises :exc:`SystemError` and returns ``-1`` on failure.
.. c:function:: PyObject *PyFunction_GetAnnotations(PyObject *op)
Return the annotations of the function object *op*. This can be a
mutable dictionary or ``NULL``.
.. c:function:: int PyFunction_SetAnnotations(PyObject *op, PyObject *annotations)
Set the annotations for the function object *op*. *annotations*
must be a dictionary or ``Py_None``.
Raises :exc:`SystemError` and returns ``-1`` on failure.