mirror of https://github.com/python/cpython
90 lines
2.8 KiB
ReStructuredText
90 lines
2.8 KiB
ReStructuredText
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:mod:`fnmatch` --- Unix filename pattern matching
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=================================================
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.. module:: fnmatch
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:synopsis: Unix shell style filename pattern matching.
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.. index:: single: filenames; wildcard expansion
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.. index:: module: re
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This module provides support for Unix shell-style wildcards, which are *not* the
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same as regular expressions (which are documented in the :mod:`re` module). The
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special characters used in shell-style wildcards are:
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+------------+------------------------------------+
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| Pattern | Meaning |
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+============+====================================+
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| ``*`` | matches everything |
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+------------+------------------------------------+
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| ``?`` | matches any single character |
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+------------+------------------------------------+
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| ``[seq]`` | matches any character in *seq* |
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+------------+------------------------------------+
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| ``[!seq]`` | matches any character not in *seq* |
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+------------+------------------------------------+
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.. index:: module: glob
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Note that the filename separator (``'/'`` on Unix) is *not* special to this
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module. See module :mod:`glob` for pathname expansion (:mod:`glob` uses
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:func:`fnmatch` to match pathname segments). Similarly, filenames starting with
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a period are not special for this module, and are matched by the ``*`` and ``?``
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patterns.
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.. function:: fnmatch(filename, pattern)
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Test whether the *filename* string matches the *pattern* string, returning true
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or false. If the operating system is case-insensitive, then both parameters
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will be normalized to all lower- or upper-case before the comparison is
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performed. If you require a case-sensitive comparison regardless of whether
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that's standard for your operating system, use :func:`fnmatchcase` instead.
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This example will print all file names in the current directory with the
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extension ``.txt``::
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import fnmatch
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import os
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for file in os.listdir('.'):
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if fnmatch.fnmatch(file, '*.txt'):
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print(file)
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.. function:: fnmatchcase(filename, pattern)
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Test whether *filename* matches *pattern*, returning true or false; the
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comparison is case-sensitive.
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.. function:: filter(names, pattern)
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Return the subset of the list of *names* that match *pattern*. It is the same as
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``[n for n in names if fnmatch(n, pattern)]``, but implemented more efficiently.
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.. function:: translate(pattern)
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Return the shell-style *pattern* converted to a regular expression.
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Example:
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>>> import fnmatch, re
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>>>
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>>> regex = fnmatch.translate('*.txt')
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>>> regex
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'.*\\.txt$'
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>>> reobj = re.compile(regex)
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>>> print(reobj.match('foobar.txt'))
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<_sre.SRE_Match object at 0x...>
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.. seealso::
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Module :mod:`glob`
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Unix shell-style path expansion.
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