mirror of https://github.com/python/cpython
401 lines
15 KiB
ReStructuredText
401 lines
15 KiB
ReStructuredText
:mod:`ftplib` --- FTP protocol client
|
|
=====================================
|
|
|
|
.. module:: ftplib
|
|
:synopsis: FTP protocol client (requires sockets).
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. index::
|
|
pair: FTP; protocol
|
|
single: FTP; ftplib (standard module)
|
|
|
|
**Source code:** :source:`Lib/ftplib.py`
|
|
|
|
--------------
|
|
|
|
This module defines the class :class:`FTP` and a few related items. The
|
|
:class:`FTP` class implements the client side of the FTP protocol. You can use
|
|
this to write Python programs that perform a variety of automated FTP jobs, such
|
|
as mirroring other ftp servers. It is also used by the module :mod:`urllib` to
|
|
handle URLs that use FTP. For more information on FTP (File Transfer Protocol),
|
|
see Internet :rfc:`959`.
|
|
|
|
Here's a sample session using the :mod:`ftplib` module::
|
|
|
|
>>> from ftplib import FTP
|
|
>>> ftp = FTP('ftp.cwi.nl') # connect to host, default port
|
|
>>> ftp.login() # user anonymous, passwd anonymous@
|
|
>>> ftp.retrlines('LIST') # list directory contents
|
|
total 24418
|
|
drwxrwsr-x 5 ftp-usr pdmaint 1536 Mar 20 09:48 .
|
|
dr-xr-srwt 105 ftp-usr pdmaint 1536 Mar 21 14:32 ..
|
|
-rw-r--r-- 1 ftp-usr pdmaint 5305 Mar 20 09:48 INDEX
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
>>> ftp.retrbinary('RETR README', open('README', 'wb').write)
|
|
'226 Transfer complete.'
|
|
>>> ftp.quit()
|
|
|
|
|
|
The module defines the following items:
|
|
|
|
.. class:: FTP([host[, user[, passwd[, acct[, timeout]]]]])
|
|
|
|
Return a new instance of the :class:`FTP` class. When *host* is given, the
|
|
method call ``connect(host)`` is made. When *user* is given, additionally
|
|
the method call ``login(user, passwd, acct)`` is made (where *passwd* and
|
|
*acct* default to the empty string when not given). The optional *timeout*
|
|
parameter specifies a timeout in seconds for blocking operations like the
|
|
connection attempt (if is not specified, the global default timeout setting
|
|
will be used).
|
|
|
|
.. versionchanged:: 2.6
|
|
*timeout* was added.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. class:: FTP_TLS([host[, user[, passwd[, acct[, keyfile[, certfile[, timeout]]]]]]])
|
|
|
|
A :class:`FTP` subclass which adds TLS support to FTP as described in
|
|
:rfc:`4217`.
|
|
Connect as usual to port 21 implicitly securing the FTP control connection
|
|
before authenticating. Securing the data connection requires the user to
|
|
explicitly ask for it by calling the :meth:`prot_p` method.
|
|
*keyfile* and *certfile* are optional -- they can contain a PEM formatted
|
|
private key and certificate chain file name for the SSL connection.
|
|
|
|
.. versionadded:: 2.7
|
|
|
|
Here's a sample session using the :class:`FTP_TLS` class:
|
|
|
|
>>> from ftplib import FTP_TLS
|
|
>>> ftps = FTP_TLS('ftp.python.org')
|
|
>>> ftps.login() # login anonymously before securing control channel
|
|
>>> ftps.prot_p() # switch to secure data connection
|
|
>>> ftps.retrlines('LIST') # list directory content securely
|
|
total 9
|
|
drwxr-xr-x 8 root wheel 1024 Jan 3 1994 .
|
|
drwxr-xr-x 8 root wheel 1024 Jan 3 1994 ..
|
|
drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 1024 Jan 3 1994 bin
|
|
drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 1024 Jan 3 1994 etc
|
|
d-wxrwxr-x 2 ftp wheel 1024 Sep 5 13:43 incoming
|
|
drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 1024 Nov 17 1993 lib
|
|
drwxr-xr-x 6 1094 wheel 1024 Sep 13 19:07 pub
|
|
drwxr-xr-x 3 root wheel 1024 Jan 3 1994 usr
|
|
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 312 Aug 1 1994 welcome.msg
|
|
'226 Transfer complete.'
|
|
>>> ftps.quit()
|
|
>>>
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. exception:: error_reply
|
|
|
|
Exception raised when an unexpected reply is received from the server.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. exception:: error_temp
|
|
|
|
Exception raised when an error code signifying a temporary error (response
|
|
codes in the range 400--499) is received.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. exception:: error_perm
|
|
|
|
Exception raised when an error code signifying a permanent error (response
|
|
codes in the range 500--599) is received.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. exception:: error_proto
|
|
|
|
Exception raised when a reply is received from the server that does not fit
|
|
the response specifications of the File Transfer Protocol, i.e. begin with a
|
|
digit in the range 1--5.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. data:: all_errors
|
|
|
|
The set of all exceptions (as a tuple) that methods of :class:`FTP`
|
|
instances may raise as a result of problems with the FTP connection (as
|
|
opposed to programming errors made by the caller). This set includes the
|
|
four exceptions listed above as well as :exc:`socket.error` and
|
|
:exc:`IOError`.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. seealso::
|
|
|
|
Module :mod:`netrc`
|
|
Parser for the :file:`.netrc` file format. The file :file:`.netrc` is
|
|
typically used by FTP clients to load user authentication information
|
|
before prompting the user.
|
|
|
|
.. index:: single: ftpmirror.py
|
|
|
|
The file :file:`Tools/scripts/ftpmirror.py` in the Python source distribution is
|
|
a script that can mirror FTP sites, or portions thereof, using the :mod:`ftplib`
|
|
module. It can be used as an extended example that applies this module.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. _ftp-objects:
|
|
|
|
FTP Objects
|
|
-----------
|
|
|
|
Several methods are available in two flavors: one for handling text files and
|
|
another for binary files. These are named for the command which is used
|
|
followed by ``lines`` for the text version or ``binary`` for the binary version.
|
|
|
|
:class:`FTP` instances have the following methods:
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: FTP.set_debuglevel(level)
|
|
|
|
Set the instance's debugging level. This controls the amount of debugging
|
|
output printed. The default, ``0``, produces no debugging output. A value of
|
|
``1`` produces a moderate amount of debugging output, generally a single line
|
|
per request. A value of ``2`` or higher produces the maximum amount of
|
|
debugging output, logging each line sent and received on the control connection.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: FTP.connect(host[, port[, timeout]])
|
|
|
|
Connect to the given host and port. The default port number is ``21``, as
|
|
specified by the FTP protocol specification. It is rarely needed to specify a
|
|
different port number. This function should be called only once for each
|
|
instance; it should not be called at all if a host was given when the instance
|
|
was created. All other methods can only be used after a connection has been
|
|
made.
|
|
|
|
The optional *timeout* parameter specifies a timeout in seconds for the
|
|
connection attempt. If no *timeout* is passed, the global default timeout
|
|
setting will be used.
|
|
|
|
.. versionchanged:: 2.6
|
|
*timeout* was added.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: FTP.getwelcome()
|
|
|
|
Return the welcome message sent by the server in reply to the initial
|
|
connection. (This message sometimes contains disclaimers or help information
|
|
that may be relevant to the user.)
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: FTP.login([user[, passwd[, acct]]])
|
|
|
|
Log in as the given *user*. The *passwd* and *acct* parameters are optional and
|
|
default to the empty string. If no *user* is specified, it defaults to
|
|
``'anonymous'``. If *user* is ``'anonymous'``, the default *passwd* is
|
|
``'anonymous@'``. This function should be called only once for each instance,
|
|
after a connection has been established; it should not be called at all if a
|
|
host and user were given when the instance was created. Most FTP commands are
|
|
only allowed after the client has logged in. The *acct* parameter supplies
|
|
"accounting information"; few systems implement this.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: FTP.abort()
|
|
|
|
Abort a file transfer that is in progress. Using this does not always work, but
|
|
it's worth a try.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: FTP.sendcmd(command)
|
|
|
|
Send a simple command string to the server and return the response string.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: FTP.voidcmd(command)
|
|
|
|
Send a simple command string to the server and handle the response. Return
|
|
nothing if a response code corresponding to success (codes in the range
|
|
200--299) is received. Raise :exc:`error_reply` otherwise.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: FTP.retrbinary(command, callback[, maxblocksize[, rest]])
|
|
|
|
Retrieve a file in binary transfer mode. *command* should be an appropriate
|
|
``RETR`` command: ``'RETR filename'``. The *callback* function is called for
|
|
each block of data received, with a single string argument giving the data
|
|
block. The optional *maxblocksize* argument specifies the maximum chunk size to
|
|
read on the low-level socket object created to do the actual transfer (which
|
|
will also be the largest size of the data blocks passed to *callback*). A
|
|
reasonable default is chosen. *rest* means the same thing as in the
|
|
:meth:`transfercmd` method.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: FTP.retrlines(command[, callback])
|
|
|
|
Retrieve a file or directory listing in ASCII transfer mode. *command*
|
|
should be an appropriate ``RETR`` command (see :meth:`retrbinary`) or a
|
|
command such as ``LIST``, ``NLST`` or ``MLSD`` (usually just the string
|
|
``'LIST'``). ``LIST`` retrieves a list of files and information about those files.
|
|
``NLST`` retrieves a list of file names. On some servers, ``MLSD`` retrieves
|
|
a machine readable list of files and information about those files. The *callback*
|
|
function is called for each line with a string argument containing the line with
|
|
the trailing CRLF stripped. The default *callback* prints the line to ``sys.stdout``.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: FTP.set_pasv(boolean)
|
|
|
|
Enable "passive" mode if *boolean* is true, other disable passive mode. (In
|
|
Python 2.0 and before, passive mode was off by default; in Python 2.1 and later,
|
|
it is on by default.)
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: FTP.storbinary(command, file[, blocksize, callback, rest])
|
|
|
|
Store a file in binary transfer mode. *command* should be an appropriate
|
|
``STOR`` command: ``"STOR filename"``. *file* is an open file object which is
|
|
read until EOF using its :meth:`read` method in blocks of size *blocksize* to
|
|
provide the data to be stored. The *blocksize* argument defaults to 8192.
|
|
*callback* is an optional single parameter callable that is called
|
|
on each block of data after it is sent. *rest* means the same thing as in
|
|
the :meth:`transfercmd` method.
|
|
|
|
.. versionchanged:: 2.1
|
|
default for *blocksize* added.
|
|
|
|
.. versionchanged:: 2.6
|
|
*callback* parameter added.
|
|
|
|
.. versionchanged:: 2.7
|
|
*rest* parameter added.
|
|
|
|
.. method:: FTP.storlines(command, file[, callback])
|
|
|
|
Store a file in ASCII transfer mode. *command* should be an appropriate
|
|
``STOR`` command (see :meth:`storbinary`). Lines are read until EOF from the
|
|
open file object *file* using its :meth:`readline` method to provide the data to
|
|
be stored. *callback* is an optional single parameter callable
|
|
that is called on each line after it is sent.
|
|
|
|
.. versionchanged:: 2.6
|
|
*callback* parameter added.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: FTP.transfercmd(cmd[, rest])
|
|
|
|
Initiate a transfer over the data connection. If the transfer is active, send a
|
|
``EPRT`` or ``PORT`` command and the transfer command specified by *cmd*, and
|
|
accept the connection. If the server is passive, send a ``EPSV`` or ``PASV``
|
|
command, connect to it, and start the transfer command. Either way, return the
|
|
socket for the connection.
|
|
|
|
If optional *rest* is given, a ``REST`` command is sent to the server, passing
|
|
*rest* as an argument. *rest* is usually a byte offset into the requested file,
|
|
telling the server to restart sending the file's bytes at the requested offset,
|
|
skipping over the initial bytes. Note however that RFC 959 requires only that
|
|
*rest* be a string containing characters in the printable range from ASCII code
|
|
33 to ASCII code 126. The :meth:`transfercmd` method, therefore, converts
|
|
*rest* to a string, but no check is performed on the string's contents. If the
|
|
server does not recognize the ``REST`` command, an :exc:`error_reply` exception
|
|
will be raised. If this happens, simply call :meth:`transfercmd` without a
|
|
*rest* argument.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: FTP.ntransfercmd(cmd[, rest])
|
|
|
|
Like :meth:`transfercmd`, but returns a tuple of the data connection and the
|
|
expected size of the data. If the expected size could not be computed, ``None``
|
|
will be returned as the expected size. *cmd* and *rest* means the same thing as
|
|
in :meth:`transfercmd`.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: FTP.nlst(argument[, ...])
|
|
|
|
Return a list of file names as returned by the ``NLST`` command. The
|
|
optional *argument* is a directory to list (default is the current server
|
|
directory). Multiple arguments can be used to pass non-standard options to
|
|
the ``NLST`` command.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: FTP.dir(argument[, ...])
|
|
|
|
Produce a directory listing as returned by the ``LIST`` command, printing it to
|
|
standard output. The optional *argument* is a directory to list (default is the
|
|
current server directory). Multiple arguments can be used to pass non-standard
|
|
options to the ``LIST`` command. If the last argument is a function, it is used
|
|
as a *callback* function as for :meth:`retrlines`; the default prints to
|
|
``sys.stdout``. This method returns ``None``.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: FTP.rename(fromname, toname)
|
|
|
|
Rename file *fromname* on the server to *toname*.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: FTP.delete(filename)
|
|
|
|
Remove the file named *filename* from the server. If successful, returns the
|
|
text of the response, otherwise raises :exc:`error_perm` on permission errors or
|
|
:exc:`error_reply` on other errors.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: FTP.cwd(pathname)
|
|
|
|
Set the current directory on the server.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: FTP.mkd(pathname)
|
|
|
|
Create a new directory on the server.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: FTP.pwd()
|
|
|
|
Return the pathname of the current directory on the server.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: FTP.rmd(dirname)
|
|
|
|
Remove the directory named *dirname* on the server.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: FTP.size(filename)
|
|
|
|
Request the size of the file named *filename* on the server. On success, the
|
|
size of the file is returned as an integer, otherwise ``None`` is returned.
|
|
Note that the ``SIZE`` command is not standardized, but is supported by many
|
|
common server implementations.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: FTP.quit()
|
|
|
|
Send a ``QUIT`` command to the server and close the connection. This is the
|
|
"polite" way to close a connection, but it may raise an exception if the server
|
|
responds with an error to the ``QUIT`` command. This implies a call to the
|
|
:meth:`close` method which renders the :class:`FTP` instance useless for
|
|
subsequent calls (see below).
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: FTP.close()
|
|
|
|
Close the connection unilaterally. This should not be applied to an already
|
|
closed connection such as after a successful call to :meth:`~FTP.quit`.
|
|
After this call the :class:`FTP` instance should not be used any more (after
|
|
a call to :meth:`close` or :meth:`~FTP.quit` you cannot reopen the
|
|
connection by issuing another :meth:`login` method).
|
|
|
|
|
|
FTP_TLS Objects
|
|
---------------
|
|
|
|
:class:`FTP_TLS` class inherits from :class:`FTP`, defining these additional objects:
|
|
|
|
.. attribute:: FTP_TLS.ssl_version
|
|
|
|
The SSL version to use (defaults to *TLSv1*).
|
|
|
|
.. method:: FTP_TLS.auth()
|
|
|
|
Set up secure control connection by using TLS or SSL, depending on what specified in :meth:`ssl_version` attribute.
|
|
|
|
.. method:: FTP_TLS.prot_p()
|
|
|
|
Set up secure data connection.
|
|
|
|
.. method:: FTP_TLS.prot_c()
|
|
|
|
Set up clear text data connection.
|
|
|
|
|