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Python News
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(editors: check NEWS.help for information about editing NEWS using ReST.)
What's new in Python 3.0b1?
===========================
*Release date: XX-June-2008*
Core and Builtins
-----------------
- Issue #2964: fix a missing INCREF in instancemethod_descr_get.
- Issue 2895: Don't crash when given bytes objects as keyword names.
- Issue 2798: When parsing arguments with PyArg_ParseTuple, the "s" code now
allows any unicode string and returns a utf-8 encoded buffer, just like the
"s#" code already does. The "z" code was corrected as well.
- Issue 2801: fix bug in the float.is_integer method where a ValueError
- Issue #2863: generators now have a ``gen.__name__`` attribute that equals
``gen.gi_code.co_name``, like ``func.__name___`` that equals
``func.func_code.co_name``. The repr() of a generator now also contains
this name.
- Issue #2831: enumerate() now has a ``start`` argument.
- Issue #2801: fix bug in the float.is_integer method where a ValueError
was sometimes incorrectly raised.
- The --with-toolbox-glue option (and the associated pymactoolbox.h) have been
removed.
- Issue #2196: hasattr now lets exceptions which do not inherit Exception
(KeyboardInterrupt, and SystemExit) propagate instead of ignoring them
Extension Modules
-----------------
- Renamed ``_winreg`` module to ``winreg``.
- Support os.O_ASYNC and fcntl.FASYNC if the constants exist on the platform.
- Support for Windows 9x has been removed from the winsound module.
- Fixed #2870: cmathmodule.c compile error.
Library
-------
- The repr module has been renamed to reprlib.
- The statvfs module has been removed.
- #1713041: fix pprint's handling of maximum depth.
- #2250: Exceptions raised during evaluation of names in rlcompleter's
``Completer.complete()`` method are now caught and ignored.
- #2659: Added ``break_on_hyphens`` option to textwrap TextWrapper class.
- Issue #2487: change the semantics of math.ldexp(x, n) when n is too
large to fit in a C long. ldexp(x, n) now returns a zero (with
suitable sign) if n is large and negative; previously, it raised
OverflowError.
- The ConfigParser module has been renamed to configparser.
- Issue 2865: webbrowser.open() works again in a KDE environment.
- The multifile module has been removed.
- The SocketServer module has been renamed to socketserver.
- Fix the __all__ setting on 'collections' to include UserList and UserString.
- The sre module has been removed.
- The Queue module has been renamed to queue.
- The copy_reg module has been renamed to copyreg.
- The mhlib module has been removed.
- The ihooks module has been removed.
- The fpformat module has been removed.
- The dircache module has been removed.
- The Canvas module has been removed.
- The Decimal module gained the magic methods __round__, __ceil__,
__floor__ and __trunc__, to give support for round, math.ceil,
math.floor and math.trunc.
- The user module has been removed.
- The mutex module has been removed.
- The imputil module has been removed.
- os.path.walk has been removed in favor of os.walk
- pdb gained the "until" command.
- test.test_support has been renamed test.support
Build
-----
What's New in Python 3.0a5?
===========================
*Release date: 08-May-2008*
Core and Builtins
-----------------
- Fix misbehaviour of PyLong_FromSsize_t on systems where sizeof(size_t) >
sizeof(long).
- Issue #2221: Corrected a SystemError "error return without exception set",
when the code executed by exec() raises an exception, and sys.stdout.flush()
also raises an error.
- Bug #2565: The repr() of type objects now calls them 'class',
not 'type' - whether they are builtin types or not.
- The command line processing was converted to pass Unicode strings
through as unmodified as possible; as a consequence, the C API
related to command line arguments was changed to use wchar_t.
- All backslashes in raw strings are interpreted literally. This means that
'\u' and '\U' escapes are not treated specially.
Extension Modules
-----------------
Library
-------
- ctypes objects now support the PEP3118 buffer interface
- Issue #2682: ctypes callback functions now longer contain a cyclic
reference to themselves.
- Issue #2058: Remove the buf attribute and add __slots__ to the TarInfo
class in order to reduce tarfile's memory usage.
- Bug #2606: Avoid calling .sort() on a dict_keys object.
- The bundled libffi copy is now in sync with the recently released
libffi3.0.5 version, apart from some small changes to
Modules/_ctypes/libffi/configure.ac.
Build
-----
- Issue #1496032: On alpha, use -mieee when gcc is the compiler.
- "make install" is now an alias for "make altinstall", to prevent
accidentally overwriting a Python 2.x installation.
Use "make fullinstall" to force Python 3.0 to be installed as
"python".
- Issue #2544: On HP-UX systems, use 'gcc -shared' for linking when
gcc is used as compiler.
What's New in Python 3.0a4?
===========================
*Release date: 02-Apr-2008*
Core and Builtins
-----------------
- Bug #2301: Don't try decoding the source code into the original
encoding for syntax errors.
Extension Modules
-----------------
- The dl module was removed, use the ctypes module instead.
- Use wchar_t functions in _locale module.
Library
-------
- The class distutils.commands.build_py.build_py_2to3 can be used
as a build_py replacement to automatically run 2to3 on modules
that are going to be installed.
- A new pickle protocol (protocol 3) is added with explicit support
for bytes. This is the default protocol. It intentionally cannot
be unpickled by Python 2.x.
- When a pickle written by Python 2.x contains an (8-bit) str
instance, this is now decoded to a (Unicode) str instance. The
encoding used to do this defaults to ASCII, but can be overridden
via two new keyword arguments to the Unpickler class. Previously
this would create bytes instances, which is usually wrong: str
instances are often used to pickle attribute names etc., and text is
more common than binary data anyway.
- Default to ASCII as the locale.getpreferredencoding, if the POSIX
system doesn't support CODESET and LANG isn't set or doesn't
allow deduction of an encoding.
- Issue #1202: zlib.crc32 and zlib.adler32 now return an unsigned value.
- Issue #719888: Updated tokenize to use a bytes API. generate_tokens has been
renamed tokenize and now works with bytes rather than strings. A new
detect_encoding function has been added for determining source file encoding
according to PEP-0263. Token sequences returned by tokenize always start
with an ENCODING token which specifies the encoding used to decode the file.
This token is used to encode the output of untokenize back to bytes.
What's New in Python 3.0a3?
===========================
*Release date: 29-Feb-2008*
Core and Builtins
-----------------
- Issue #2282: io.TextIOWrapper was not overriding seekable() from io.IOBase.
- Issue #2115: Important speedup in setting __slot__ attributes. Also
prevent a possible crash: an Abstract Base Class would try to access a slot
on a registered virtual subclass.
- Fixed repr() and str() of complex numbers with infinity or nan as real or
imaginary part.
- Clear all free list during a gc.collect() of the highest generation in order
to allow pymalloc to free more arenas. Python may give back memory to the
OS earlier.
- Issue #2045: Fix an infinite recursion triggered when printing a subclass of
collections.defaultdict, if its default_factory is set to a bound method.
- Fixed a minor memory leak in dictobject.c. The content of the free
list was not freed on interpreter shutdown.
- Limit free list of method and builtin function objects to 256 entries
each.
- Patch #1953: Added ``sys._compact_freelists()`` and the C API functions
``PyInt_CompactFreeList`` and ``PyFloat_CompactFreeList``
to compact the internal free lists of pre-allocted ints and floats.
- Bug #1983: Fixed return type of fork(), fork1() and forkpty() calls.
Python expected the return type int but the fork familie returns pi_t.
- Issue #1678380: Fix a bug that identifies 0j and -0j when they appear
in the same code unit.
- Issue #2025 : Add tuple.count() and tuple.index() methods to comply with
the collections.Sequence API.
- Fixed multiple reinitialization of the Python interpreter. The small int
list in longobject.c has caused a seg fault during the third finalization.
- Issue #1973: bytes.fromhex('') raises SystemError
- Issue #1771: remove cmp parameter from sorted() and list.sort()
- Issue #1969: split and rsplit in bytearray are inconsistent
- map() and no longer accepts None for the first argument.
Use zip() instead.
- Issue #1769: Now int("- 1") is not allowed any more.
- Object/longobject.c: long(float('nan')) raises an OverflowError instead
of returning 0.
- Issue #1762972: __file__ points to the source file instead of the pyc/pyo
file if the py file exists.
- Issue #1393: object_richcompare() returns NotImplemented instead of
False if the objects aren't equal, to give the other side a chance.
- Issue #1692: Interpreter was not displaying location of SyntaxError.
- Improve some exception messages when Windows fails to load an extension
module. Now we get for example '%1 is not a valid Win32 application' instead
of 'error code 193'. Also use Unicode strings to deal with non-English
locales.
- Issue #1587: Added instancemethod wrapper for PyCFunctions. The Python C API
has gained a new type *PyInstanceMethod_Type* and the functions
*PyInstanceMethod_Check(o)*, *PyInstanceMethod_New(func)* and
*PyInstanceMethod_Function(im)*.
- Constants gc.DEBUG_OBJECT and gc.DEBUG_INSTANCE have been removed from the
gc module; gc.DEBUG_COLLECTABLE or gc.DEBUG_UNCOLLECTABLE are now enough to
print the corresponding list of objects considered by the garbage collector.
- Issue #1573: Improper use of the keyword-only syntax makes the parser crash.
- Issue #1564: The set implementation should special-case PyUnicode instead
of PyString.
- Patch #1031213: Decode source line in SyntaxErrors back to its
original source encoding.
- inspect.getsource() includes the decorators again.
- Bug #1713: posixpath.ismount() claims symlink to a mountpoint is a
mountpoint.
- Fix utf-8-sig incremental decoder, which didn't recognise a BOM when the
first chunk fed to the decoder started with a BOM, but was longer than 3
bytes.
Extension Modules
-----------------
- Code for itertools ifilter(), imap(), and izip() moved to bultins and
renamed to filter(), map(), and zip(). Also, renamed izip_longest()
to zip_longest() and ifilterfalse() to filterfalse().
- Issue #1762972: Readded the reload() function as imp.reload()
- Bug #2111: mmap segfaults when trying to write a block opened with PROT_READ
- #2063: correct order of utime and stime in os.times() result on Windows.
Library
-------
- Weakref dictionaries now inherit from MutableMapping.
XXX their API still needs to be modernized (i.e. eliminate the iter methods).
- Created new UserDict class in collections module. This one inherits from and
complies with the MutableMapping ABC. Also, moved UserString and UserList
to the collections module. The MutableUserString class was removed.
- Removed UserDict.DictMixin. Replaced all its uses with
collections.MutableMapping.
- Issue #1703: getpass() should flush after writing prompt.
- Issue #1585: IDLE uses non-existent xrange() function.
- Issue #1578: Problems in win_getpass.
Build
-----
- Renamed --enable-unicode configure flag to --with-wide-unicode, since
Unicode strings can't be disabled anymore.
C API
-----
- Issue #1629: Renamed Py_Size, Py_Type and Py_Refcnt to Py_SIZE,
Py_TYPE and Py_REFCNT.
- New API PyImport_ImportModuleNoBlock(), works like PyImport_ImportModule()
but won't block on the import lock (returning an error instead).
What's New in Python 3.0a2?
===========================
*Release date: 07-Dec-2007*
(Note: this list is incomplete.)
Core and Builtins
-----------------
- str8 now has the same construction signature as bytes.
- Comparisons between str and str8 now return False/True for ==/!=. sqlite3
returns str8 when recreating on object from it's __conform__ value. The
struct module returns str8 for all string-related formats. This was true
before this change, but becomes more apparent thanks to string comparisons
always being False.
- Replaced `PyFile_FromFile()` with `PyFile_FromFd(fd, name. mode, buffer,
encoding, newline)`
- Fixed `imp.find_module()` to obey the -*- coding: -*- header.
- Changed `__file__` and `co_filename` to unicode. The path names are decoded
with `Py_FileSystemDefaultEncoding` and a new API method
`PyUnicode_DecodeFSDefault(char*)` was added.
- io.open() and _fileio.FileIO have grown a new argument closefd. A false
value disables the closing of the file descriptor.
- Added a new option -b to issues warnings (-bb for errors) about certain
operations between bytes/buffer and str like str(b'') and comparsion.
- The standards streams sys.stdin, stdout and stderr may be None when the
when the C runtime library returns an invalid file descriptor for the
streams (fileno(stdin) < 0). For now this happens only for Windows GUI
apps and scripts started with `pythonw.exe`.
- Added PCbuild9 directory for VS 2008.
- Renamed structmember.h WRITE_RESTRICTED to PY_WRITE_RESTRICTED to work
around a name clash with VS 2008 on Windows.
- Unbound methods are gone for good. ClassObject.method returns an ordinary
function object, instance.method still returns a bound method object.
The API of bound methods is cleaned up, too. The im_class attribute is
removed and im_func + im_self are renamed to __func__ and __self__. The
factory PyMethod_New takes only func and instance as argument.
- intobject.h is no longer included by Python.h. The remains were moved
to longobject.h. It still exists to define several aliases from PyInt_
to PyLong_ functions.
- Removed sys.maxint, use sys.maxsize instead.
Extension Modules
-----------------
- The `hotshot` profiler has been removed; use `cProfile` instead.
Library
-------
- When loading an external file using testfile(), the passed-in encoding
argument was being ignored if __loader__ is defined and forcing the source to
be UTF-8.
- The methods `os.tmpnam()`, `os.tempnam()` and `os.tmpfile()` have been
removed in favor of the tempfile module.
- Removed the 'new' module.
- Removed all types from the 'types' module that are easily accessable through
builtins.
What's New in Python 3.0a1?
==========================
*Release date: 31-Aug-2007*
Core and Builtins
-----------------
- PEP 3131: Support non-ASCII identifiers.
- PEP 3120: Change default encoding to UTF-8.
- PEP 3123: Use proper C inheritance for PyObject.
- Removed the __oct__ and __hex__ special methods and added a bin()
builtin function.
- PEP 3127: octal literals now start with "0o". Old-style octal literals
are invalid. There are binary literals with a prefix of "0b".
This also affects int(x, 0).
- None, True, False are now keywords.
- PEP 3119: isinstance() and issubclass() can be overridden.
- Remove BaseException.message.
- Remove tuple parameter unpacking (PEP 3113).
- Remove the f_restricted attribute from frames. This naturally leads to the
removal of PyEval_GetRestricted() and PyFrame_IsRestricted().
- PEP 3132 was accepted. That means that you can do ``a, *b = range(5)``
to assign 0 to a and [1, 2, 3, 4] to b.
- range() now returns an iterator rather than a list. Floats are not allowed.
xrange() is no longer defined.
- Patch #1660500: hide iteration variable in list comps, add set comps
and use common code to handle compilation of iterative expressions
- By default, != returns the opposite of ==, unless the latter returns
NotImplemented.
- Patch #1680961: sys.exitfunc has been removed and replaced with a private
C-level API.
- PEP 3115: new metaclasses: the metaclass is now specified as a
keyword arg in the class statement, which can now use the full syntax of
a parameter list. Also, the metaclass can implement a __prepare__ function
which will be called to create the dictionary for the new class namespace.
- The long-deprecated argument "pend" of PyFloat_FromString() has been
removed.
- The dir() function has been extended to call the __dir__() method on
its argument, if it exists. If not, it will work like before. This allows
customizing the output of dir() in the presence of a __getattr__().
- Removed support for __members__ and __methods__.
- Removed indexing/slicing on BaseException.
- input() became raw_input(): the name input() now implements the
functionality formerly known as raw_input(); the name raw_input()
is no longer defined.
- Classes listed in an 'except' clause must inherit from BaseException.
- PEP 3106: dict.iterkeys(), .iteritems(), .itervalues() are now gone;
and .keys(), .items(), .values() return dict views, which behave
like sets.
- PEP 3105: print is now a function. Also (not in the PEP) the
'softspace' attribute of files is now gone (since print() doesn't use
it). A side effect of this change is that you can get incomplete
output lines in interactive sessions:
>>> print(42, end="")
42>>>
We may be able to fix this after the I/O library rewrite.
- PEP 3102: keyword-only arguments.
- Int/Long unification is complete. The 'long' built-in type
and literals with trailing 'L' or 'l' have been removed.
Performance may be sub-optimal (haven't really benchmarked).
- 'except E, V' must now be spelled as 'except E as V' and deletes V
at the end of the except clause; V must be a simple name.
- Added function annotations per PEP 3107.
- Added nonlocal declaration from PEP 3104
>>> def f(x):
... def inc():
... nonlocal x
... x += 1
... return x
... return inc
...
>>> inc = f(0)
>>> inc()
1
>>> inc()
2
- Moved intern() to sys.intern().
- exec is now a function.
- Renamed nb_nonzero to nb_bool and __nonzero__ to __bool__.
- Classic classes are a thing of the past. All classes are new style.
- Exceptions *must* derive from BaseException.
- Integer division always returns a float. The -Q option is no more.
All the following are gone:
* PyNumber_Divide and PyNumber_InPlaceDivide
* __div__, __rdiv__, and __idiv__
* nb_divide, nb_inplace_divide
* operator.div, operator.idiv, operator.__div__, operator.__idiv__
(Only __truediv__ and __floordiv__ remain, not sure how to handle them
if we want to re-use __div__ and friends. If we do, it will make
it harder to write code for both 2.x and 3.x.)
- 'as' and 'with' are keywords.
- Absolute import is the default behavior for 'import foo' etc.
- Removed support for syntax:
backticks (ie, `x`), <>
- Removed these Python builtins:
apply(), callable(), coerce(), execfile(), file(), reduce(), reload()
- Removed these Python methods:
{}.has_key
- Removed these opcodes:
BINARY_DIVIDE, INPLACE_DIVIDE, UNARY_CONVERT
- Remove C API support for restricted execution.
- zip(), map() and filter() now return iterators, behaving like their
itertools counterparts. This also affect map()'s behavior on
sequences of unequal length -- it now stops after the shortest one
is exhausted.
- Additions:
set literals, set comprehensions, ellipsis literal.
- Added class decorators per PEP 3129.
Extension Modules
-----------------
- Remove the imageop module. Obsolete long with its unit tests becoming
useless from the removal of rgbimg and imgfile.
- Removed these attributes from Python modules:
* operator module: div, idiv, __div__, __idiv__, isCallable, sequenceIncludes
* sys module: exc_clear(), exc_type, exc_value, exc_traceback
Library
-------
- Remove the compiler package. Use of the _ast module and (an eventual)
AST -> bytecode mechanism.
- Removed these modules:
* audiodev, Bastion, bsddb185, exceptions, linuxaudiodev,
md5, MimeWriter, mimify, popen2,
rexec, sets, sha, stringold, strop, sunaudiodev, timing, xmllib.
- Moved these modules to Tools/Demos:
* toaiff
- Remove obsolete IRIX modules: al/AL, cd/CD, cddb, cdplayer, cl/CL, DEVICE,
ERRNO, FILE, fl/FL, flp, fm, GET, gl/GL, GLWS, IN, imgfile, IOCTL, jpeg,
panel, panelparser, readcd, sgi, sv/SV, torgb, WAIT.
- Remove obsolete functions:
* commands.getstatus(), os.popen*,
- Remove functions in the string module that are also string methods;
Remove string.{letters, lowercase, uppercase}.
- Remove support for long obsolete platforms: plat-aix3, plat-irix5.
- Remove xmlrpclib.SlowParser. It was based on xmllib.
- Patch #1680961: atexit has been reimplemented in C.
- Add new codecs for UTF-32, UTF-32-LE and UTF-32-BE.
Build
-----
C API
-----
- Removed these Python slots:
__coerce__, __div__, __idiv__, __rdiv__
- Removed these C APIs:
PyNumber_Coerce(), PyNumber_CoerceEx(), PyMember_Get, PyMember_Set
- Removed these C slots/fields:
nb_divide, nb_inplace_divide
- Removed these macros:
staticforward, statichere, PyArg_GetInt, PyArg_NoArgs, _PyObject_Del
- Removed these typedefs:
intargfunc, intintargfunc, intobjargproc, intintobjargproc,
getreadbufferproc, getwritebufferproc, getsegcountproc, getcharbufferproc,
memberlist
Tests
-----
- Removed test.testall as test.regrtest replaces it.
Documentation
-------------
Mac
---
- The cfmfile was removed.
Platforms
---------
- Support for BeOS and AtheOS was removed (according to PEP 11).
- Support for RiscOS, Irix, Tru64 was removed (alledgedly).
Tools/Demos
-----------
**(For information about older versions, consult the HISTORY file.)**
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