cpython/Lib/lib-tk/Tkinter.py

"""Wrapper functions for Tcl/Tk.

Tkinter provides classes which allow the display, positioning and
control of widgets. Toplevel widgets are Tk and Toplevel. Other
widgets are Frame, Label, Entry, Text, Canvas, Button, Radiobutton,
Checkbutton, Scale, Listbox, Scrollbar, OptionMenu. Properties of the widgets are
specified with keyword arguments.  Keyword arguments have the same
name as the corresponding resource under Tk.

Widgets are positioned with one of the geometry managers Place, Pack
or Grid. These managers can be called with methods place, pack, grid
available in every Widget.

Actions are bound to events by resources (e.g. keyword argument command) or
with the method bind.

Example (Hello, World):
import Tkinter
from Tkconstants import *
tk = Tkinter.Tk()
frame = Tkinter.Frame(tk, relief=RIDGE, borderwidth=2)
frame.pack(fill=BOTH,expand=1)
label = Tkinter.Label(frame, text="Hello, World")
label.pack(fill=X, expand=1)
button = Tkinter.Button(frame,text="Exit",command=tk.destroy)
button.pack(side=BOTTOM)
tk.mainloop()
"""

__version__ = "$Revision$"

import sys
if sys.platform == "win32":
	import FixTk # Attempt to configure Tcl/Tk without requiring PATH
import _tkinter # If this fails your Python may not be configured for Tk
tkinter = _tkinter # b/w compat for export
TclError = _tkinter.TclError
from types import *
from Tkconstants import *
import string; _string = string; del string
try:
	import MacOS; _MacOS = MacOS; del MacOS
except ImportError:
	_MacOS = None

TkVersion = _string.atof(_tkinter.TK_VERSION)
TclVersion = _string.atof(_tkinter.TCL_VERSION)

READABLE = _tkinter.READABLE
WRITABLE = _tkinter.WRITABLE
EXCEPTION = _tkinter.EXCEPTION

# These are not always defined, e.g. not on Win32 with Tk 8.0 :-(
try: _tkinter.createfilehandler
except AttributeError: _tkinter.createfilehandler = None
try: _tkinter.deletefilehandler
except AttributeError: _tkinter.deletefilehandler = None
    
    
def _flatten(tuple):
	"""Internal function."""
	res = ()
	for item in tuple:
		if type(item) in (TupleType, ListType):
			res = res + _flatten(item)
		elif item is not None:
			res = res + (item,)
	return res

try: _flatten = _tkinter._flatten
except AttributeError: pass

def _cnfmerge(cnfs):
	"""Internal function."""
	if type(cnfs) is DictionaryType:
		return cnfs
	elif type(cnfs) in (NoneType, StringType):
		return cnfs
	else:
		cnf = {}
		for c in _flatten(cnfs):
			try:
				cnf.update(c)
			except (AttributeError, TypeError), msg:
				print "_cnfmerge: fallback due to:", msg
				for k, v in c.items():
					cnf[k] = v
		return cnf

try: _cnfmerge = _tkinter._cnfmerge
except AttributeError: pass

class Event:
        """Container for the properties of an event.

	Instances of this type are generated if one of the following events occurs:
		
	KeyPress, KeyRelease - for keyboard events
	ButtonPress, ButtonRelease, Motion, Enter, Leave, MouseWheel - for mouse events
	Visibility, Unmap, Map, Expose, FocusIn, FocusOut, Circulate,
	Colormap, Gravity, Reparent, Property, Destroy, Activate,
	Deactivate - for window events.

	If a callback function for one of these events is registered
	using bind, bind_all, bind_class, or tag_bind, the callback is
	called with an Event as first argument. It will have the
	following attributes (in braces are the event types for which
	the attribute is valid):
		
        serial - serial number of event
	num - mouse button pressed (ButtonPress, ButtonRelease)
	focus - whether the window has the focus (Enter, Leave)
	height - height of the exposed window (Configure, Expose)
	width - width of the exposed window (Configure, Expose)
	keycode - keycode of the pressed key (KeyPress, KeyRelease)
	state - state of the event as a number (ButtonPress, ButtonRelease,
					        Enter, KeyPress, KeyRelease,
					        Leave, Motion)
	state - state as a string (Visibility)
	time - when the event occured
	x - x-position of the mouse
	y - y-position of the mouse
	x_root - x-position of the mouse on the screen
	         (ButtonPress, ButtonRelease, KeyPress, KeyRelease, Motion)
	y_root - y-position of the mouse on the screen
	         (ButtonPress, ButtonRelease, KeyPress, KeyRelease, Motion)
	char - pressed character (KeyPress, KeyRelease)
	send_event - see X/Windows documentation
	keysym - keysym of the the event as a string (KeyPress, KeyRelease)
	keysym_num - keysym of the event as a number (KeyPress, KeyRelease)
	type - type of the event as a number
	widget - widget in which the event occured
	delta - delta of wheel movement (MouseWheel)
	"""
	pass

_support_default_root = 1
_default_root = None

def NoDefaultRoot():
	"""Inhibit setting of default root window.

	Call this function to inhibit that the first instance of
	Tk is used for windows without an explicit parent window.
	"""	
	global _support_default_root
	_support_default_root = 0
	global _default_root
	_default_root = None
	del _default_root

def _tkerror(err):
	"""Internal function."""
	pass

def _exit(code='0'):
	"""Internal function. Calling it will throw the exception SystemExit."""
	raise SystemExit, code

_varnum = 0
class Variable:
	"""Internal class. Base class to define value holders for e.g. buttons."""
	_default = ""
	def __init__(self, master=None):
		"""Construct a variable with an optional MASTER as master widget.
		The variable is named PY_VAR_number in Tcl.
		"""
		global _varnum
		if not master:
			master = _default_root
		self._master = master
		self._tk = master.tk
		self._name = 'PY_VAR' + `_varnum`
		_varnum = _varnum + 1
		self.set(self._default)
	def __del__(self):
		"""Unset the variable in Tcl."""
		self._tk.globalunsetvar(self._name)
	def __str__(self):
		"""Return the name of the variable in Tcl."""
		return self._name
	def set(self, value):
		"""Set the variable to VALUE."""
		return self._tk.globalsetvar(self._name, value)
	def trace_variable(self, mode, callback):
		"""Define a trace callback for the variable.

		MODE is one of "r", "w", "u" for read, write, undefine.
		CALLBACK must be a function which is called when
		the variable is read, written or undefined.

		Return the name of the callback.
		"""
		cbname = self._master._register(callback)
		self._tk.call("trace", "variable", self._name, mode, cbname)
		return cbname
	trace = trace_variable
	def trace_vdelete(self, mode, cbname):
		"""Delete the trace callback for a variable.

		MODE is one of "r", "w", "u" for read, write, undefine.
		CBNAME is the name of the callback returned from trace_variable or trace.
		"""
		self._tk.call("trace", "vdelete", self._name, mode, cbname)
		self._master.deletecommand(cbname)
	def trace_vinfo(self):
		"""Return all trace callback information."""
		return map(self._tk.split, self._tk.splitlist(
			self._tk.call("trace", "vinfo", self._name)))

class StringVar(Variable):
	"""Value holder for strings variables."""
	_default = ""
	def __init__(self, master=None):
		"""Construct a string variable.

		MASTER can be given as master widget."""
		Variable.__init__(self, master)

	def get(self):
		"""Return value of variable as string."""
		return self._tk.globalgetvar(self._name)

class IntVar(Variable):
	"""Value holder for integer variables."""
	_default = 0
	def __init__(self, master=None):
		"""Construct an integer variable.

		MASTER can be given as master widget."""
		Variable.__init__(self, master)

	def get(self):
		"""Return the value of the variable as an integer."""
		return getint(self._tk.globalgetvar(self._name))

class DoubleVar(Variable):
	"""Value holder for float variables."""
	_default = 0.0
	def __init__(self, master=None):
		"""Construct a float variable.

		MASTER can be given as a master widget."""
		Variable.__init__(self, master)
		
	def get(self):
		"""Return the value of the variable as a float."""
		return getdouble(self._tk.globalgetvar(self._name))

class BooleanVar(Variable):
	"""Value holder for boolean variables."""
	_default = "false"
	def __init__(self, master=None):
		"""Construct a boolean variable.

		MASTER can be given as a master widget."""
		Variable.__init__(self, master)

	def get(self):
		"""Return the value of the variable as 0 or 1."""
		return self._tk.getboolean(self._tk.globalgetvar(self._name))

def mainloop(n=0):
	"""Run the main loop of Tcl."""
	_default_root.tk.mainloop(n)

getint = int

getdouble = float

def getboolean(s):
	"""Convert true and false to integer values 1 and 0."""
	return _default_root.tk.getboolean(s)

# Methods defined on both toplevel and interior widgets
class Misc:
	"""Internal class.

	Base class which defines methods common for interior widgets."""
	
	# XXX font command?
	_tclCommands = None
	def destroy(self):
		"""Internal function.

		Delete all Tcl commands created for
		this widget in the Tcl interpreter."""
		if self._tclCommands is not None:
			for name in self._tclCommands:
				#print '- Tkinter: deleted command', name
				self.tk.deletecommand(name)
			self._tclCommands = None
	def deletecommand(self, name):
		"""Internal function.

		Delete the Tcl command provided in NAME."""
		#print '- Tkinter: deleted command', name
		self.tk.deletecommand(name)
		try:
			self._tclCommands.remove(name)
		except ValueError:
			pass
	def tk_strictMotif(self, boolean=None):
		"""Set Tcl internal variable, whether the look and feel
		should adhere to Motif.

		A parameter of 1 means adhere to Motif (e.g. no color
		change if mouse passes over slider).
		Returns the set value."""
		return self.tk.getboolean(self.tk.call(
			'set', 'tk_strictMotif', boolean))
	def tk_bisque(self):
		"""Change the color scheme to light brown as used in Tk 3.6 and before.""" 
		self.tk.call('tk_bisque')
	def tk_setPalette(self, *args, **kw):
		"""Set a new color scheme for all widget elements.

		A single color as argument will cause that all colors of Tk
		widget elements are derived from this.
		Alternatively several keyword parameters and its associated
		colors can be given. The following keywords are valid:
		activeBackground, foreground, selectColor,
		activeForeground, highlightBackground, selectBackground,
		background, highlightColor, selectForeground,
		disabledForeground, insertBackground, troughColor."""
		self.tk.call(('tk_setPalette',)
		      + _flatten(args) + _flatten(kw.items()))
	def tk_menuBar(self, *args):
		"""Do not use. Needed in Tk 3.6 and earlier."""
		pass # obsolete since Tk 4.0
	def wait_variable(self, name='PY_VAR'):
		"""Wait until the variable is modified.

		A parameter of type IntVar, StringVar, DoubleVar or
		BooleanVar must be given."""
		self.tk.call('tkwait', 'variable', name)
	waitvar = wait_variable # XXX b/w compat
	def wait_window(self, window=None):
		"""Wait until a WIDGET is destroyed.

		If no parameter is given self is used."""
		if window == None:
			window = self
		self.tk.call('tkwait', 'window', window._w)
	def wait_visibility(self, window=None):
		"""Wait until the visibility of a WIDGET changes
		(e.g. it appears).
		
		If no parameter is given self is used."""
		if window == None:
			window = self
		self.tk.call('tkwait', 'visibility', window._w)
	def setvar(self, name='PY_VAR', value='1'):
		"""Set Tcl variable NAME to VALUE."""
		self.tk.setvar(name, value)
	def getvar(self, name='PY_VAR'):
		"""Return value of Tcl variable NAME."""
		return self.tk.getvar(name)
	getint = int
	getdouble = float
	def getboolean(self, s):
		"""Return 0 or 1 for Tcl boolean values true and false given as parameter."""
		return self.tk.getboolean(s)
	def focus_set(self):
		"""Direct input focus to this widget.

		If the application currently does not have the focus
		this widget will get the focus if the application gets
		the focus through the window manager."""
		self.tk.call('focus', self._w)
	focus = focus_set # XXX b/w compat?
	def focus_force(self):
		"""Direct input focus to this widget even if the
		application does not have the focus. Use with
		caution!"""
		self.tk.call('focus', '-force', self._w)
	def focus_get(self):
		"""Return the widget which has currently the focus in the
		application.

		Use focus_displayof to allow working with several
		displays. Return None if application does not have
		the focus."""
		name = self.tk.call('focus')
		if name == 'none' or not name: return None
		return self._nametowidget(name)
	def focus_displayof(self):
		"""Return the widget which has currently the focus on the
		display where this widget is located.

		Return None if the application does not have the focus."""
		name = self.tk.call('focus', '-displayof', self._w)
		if name == 'none' or not name: return None
		return self._nametowidget(name)
	def focus_lastfor(self):
		"""Return the widget which would have the focus if top level
		for this widget gets the focus from the window manager."""
		name = self.tk.call('focus', '-lastfor', self._w)
		if name == 'none' or not name: return None
		return self._nametowidget(name)
	def tk_focusFollowsMouse(self):
		"""The widget under mouse will get automatically focus. Can not
		be disabled easily."""
		self.tk.call('tk_focusFollowsMouse')
	def tk_focusNext(self):
		"""Return the next widget in the focus order which follows
		widget which has currently the focus.

		The focus order first goes to the next child, then to
		the children of the child recursively and then to the
		next sibling which is higher in the stacking order.  A
		widget is ommited if it has the takefocus resource set
		to 0."""
		name = self.tk.call('tk_focusNext', self._w)
		if not name: return None
		return self._nametowidget(name)
	def tk_focusPrev(self):
		"""Return previous widget in the focus order. See tk_focusNext for details."""
		name = self.tk.call('tk_focusPrev', self._w)
		if not name: return None
		return self._nametowidget(name)
	def after(self, ms, func=None, *args):
		"""Call function once after given time.

		MS specifies the time in milliseconds. FUNC gives the
		function which shall be called. Additional parameters
		are given as parameters to the function call.  Return
		identifier to cancel scheduling with after_cancel."""
		if not func:
			# I'd rather use time.sleep(ms*0.001)
			self.tk.call('after', ms)
		else:
			# XXX Disgusting hack to clean up after calling func
			tmp = []
			def callit(func=func, args=args, self=self, tmp=tmp):
				try:
					apply(func, args)
				finally:
					try:
						self.deletecommand(tmp[0])
					except TclError:
						pass
			name = self._register(callit)
			tmp.append(name)
			return self.tk.call('after', ms, name)
	def after_idle(self, func, *args):
		"""Call FUNC once if the Tcl main loop has no event to
		process.

		Return an identifier to cancel the scheduling with
		after_cancel."""
		return apply(self.after, ('idle', func) + args)
	def after_cancel(self, id):
		"""Cancel scheduling of function identified with ID.

		Identifier returned by after or after_idle must be
		given as first parameter."""
		self.tk.call('after', 'cancel', id)
	def bell(self, displayof=0):
		"""Ring a display's bell."""
		self.tk.call(('bell',) + self._displayof(displayof))
	# Clipboard handling:
	def clipboard_clear(self, **kw):
		"""Clear the data in the Tk clipboard.

		A widget specified for the optional displayof keyword
		argument specifies the target display."""
		if not kw.has_key('displayof'): kw['displayof'] = self._w
		self.tk.call(('clipboard', 'clear') + self._options(kw))
	def clipboard_append(self, string, **kw):
		"""Append STRING to the Tk clipboard.

		A widget specified at the optional displayof keyword
		argument specifies the target display. The clipboard
		can be retrieved with selection_get."""
		if not kw.has_key('displayof'): kw['displayof'] = self._w
		self.tk.call(('clipboard', 'append') + self._options(kw)
		      + ('--', string))
	# XXX grab current w/o window argument
	def grab_current(self):
		"""Return widget which has currently the grab in this application
		or None."""
		name = self.tk.call('grab', 'current', self._w)
		if not name: return None
		return self._nametowidget(name)
	def grab_release(self):
		"""Release grab for this widget if currently set."""
		self.tk.call('grab', 'release', self._w)
	def grab_set(self):
		"""Set grab for this widget.

		A grab directs all events to this and descendant
		widgets in the application."""
		self.tk.call('grab', 'set', self._w)
	def grab_set_global(self):
		"""Set global grab for this widget.

		A global grab directs all events to this and
		descendant widgets on the display. Use with caution -
		other applications do not get events anymore."""
		self.tk.call('grab', 'set', '-global', self._w)
	def grab_status(self):
		"""Return None, "local" or "global" if this widget has
		no, a local or a global grab."""
		status = self.tk.call('grab', 'status', self._w)
		if status == 'none': status = None
		return status
	def lower(self, belowThis=None):
		"""Lower this widget in the stacking order."""
		self.tk.call('lower', self._w, belowThis)
	def option_add(self, pattern, value, priority = None):
		"""Set a VALUE (second parameter) for an option
		PATTERN (first parameter).

		An optional third parameter gives the numeric priority
		(defaults to 80)."""
		self.tk.call('option', 'add', pattern, value, priority)
	def option_clear(self):
		"""Clear the option database.

		It will be reloaded if option_add is called."""
		self.tk.call('option', 'clear')
	def option_get(self, name, className):
		"""Return the value for an option NAME for this widget
		with CLASSNAME.

		Values with higher priority override lower values."""
		return self.tk.call('option', 'get', self._w, name, className)
	def option_readfile(self, fileName, priority = None):
		"""Read file FILENAME into the option database.

		An optional second paramter gives the numeric
		priority."""
		self.tk.call('option', 'readfile', fileName, priority)
	def selection_clear(self, **kw):
		"""Clear the current X selection."""
		if not kw.has_key('displayof'): kw['displayof'] = self._w
		self.tk.call(('selection', 'clear') + self._options(kw))
	def selection_get(self, **kw):
		"""Return the contents of the current X selection.

		A keyword parameter selection specifies the name of
		the selection and defaults to PRIMARY.  A keyword
		parameter displayof specifies a widget on the display
		to use."""
		if not kw.has_key('displayof'): kw['displayof'] = self._w
		return self.tk.call(('selection', 'get') + self._options(kw))
	def selection_handle(self, command, **kw):
		"""Specify a function COMMAND to call if the X
		selection owned by this widget is queried by another
		application.

		This function must return the contents of the
		selection. The function will be called with the
		arguments OFFSET and LENGTH which allows the chunking
		of very long selections. The following keyword
		parameters can be provided:
		selection - name of the selection (default PRIMARY),
		type - type of the selection (e.g. STRING, FILE_NAME)."""
		name = self._register(command)
		self.tk.call(('selection', 'handle') + self._options(kw)
		      + (self._w, name))
	def selection_own(self, **kw):
		"""Become owner of X selection.

		A keyword parameter selection specifies the name of
		the selection (default PRIMARY)."""
		self.tk.call(('selection', 'own') +
			     self._options(kw) + (self._w,))
	def selection_own_get(self, **kw):
		"""Return owner of X selection.

		The following keyword parameter can
		be provided:
		selection - name of the selection (default PRIMARY),
		type - type of the selection (e.g. STRING, FILE_NAME)."""
		if not kw.has_key('displayof'): kw['displayof'] = self._w
		name = self.tk.call(('selection', 'own') + self._options(kw))
		if not name: return None
		return self._nametowidget(name)
	def send(self, interp, cmd, *args):
		"""Send Tcl command CMD to different interpreter INTERP to be executed."""
		return self.tk.call(('send', interp, cmd) + args)
	def lower(self, belowThis=None):
		"""Lower this widget in the stacking order."""
		self.tk.call('lower', self._w, belowThis)
	def tkraise(self, aboveThis=None):
		"""Raise this widget in the stacking order."""
		self.tk.call('raise', self._w, aboveThis)
	lift = tkraise
	def colormodel(self, value=None):
		"""Useless. Not implemented in Tk."""
		return self.tk.call('tk', 'colormodel', self._w, value)
	def winfo_atom(self, name, displayof=0):
		"""Return integer which represents atom NAME."""
		args = ('winfo', 'atom') + self._displayof(displayof) + (name,)
		return getint(self.tk.call(args))
	def winfo_atomname(self, id, displayof=0):
		"""Return name of atom with identifier ID."""
		args = ('winfo', 'atomname') \
		       + self._displayof(displayof) + (id,)
		return self.tk.call(args)
	def winfo_cells(self):
		"""Return number of cells in the colormap for this widget."""
		return getint(
			self.tk.call('winfo', 'cells', self._w))
	def winfo_children(self):
		"""Return a list of all widgets which are children of this widget."""
		return map(self._nametowidget,
			   self.tk.splitlist(self.tk.call(
				   'winfo', 'children', self._w)))
	def winfo_class(self):
		"""Return window class name of this widget."""
		return self.tk.call('winfo', 'class', self._w)
	def winfo_colormapfull(self):
		"""Return true if at the last color request the colormap was full."""
		return self.tk.getboolean(
			self.tk.call('winfo', 'colormapfull', self._w))
	def winfo_containing(self, rootX, rootY, displayof=0):
		"""Return the widget which is at the root coordinates ROOTX, ROOTY."""
		args = ('winfo', 'containing') \
		       + self._displayof(displayof) + (rootX, rootY)
		name = self.tk.call(args)
		if not name: return None
		return self._nametowidget(name)
	def winfo_depth(self):
		"""Return the number of bits per pixel."""
		return getint(self.tk.call('winfo', 'depth', self._w))
	def winfo_exists(self):
		"""Return true if this widget exists."""
		return getint(
			self.tk.call('winfo', 'exists', self._w))
	def winfo_fpixels(self, number):
		"""Return the number of pixels for the given distance NUMBER
		(e.g. "3c") as float."""
		return getdouble(self.tk.call(
			'winfo', 'fpixels', self._w, number))
	def winfo_geometry(self):
		"""Return geometry string for this widget in the form "widthxheight+X+Y"."""
		return self.tk.call('winfo', 'geometry', self._w)
	def winfo_height(self):
		"""Return heigth of this widget."""
		return getint(
			self.tk.call('winfo', 'height', self._w))
	def winfo_id(self):
		"""Return identifier ID for this widget."""
		return self.tk.getint(
			self.tk.call('winfo', 'id', self._w))
	def winfo_interps(self, displayof=0):
		"""Return the name of all Tcl interpreters for this display."""
		args = ('winfo', 'interps') + self._displayof(displayof)
		return self.tk.splitlist(self.tk.call(args))
	def winfo_ismapped(self):
		"""Return true if this widget is mapped."""
		return getint(
			self.tk.call('winfo', 'ismapped', self._w))
	def winfo_manager(self):
		"""Return the window mananger name for this widget."""
		return self.tk.call('winfo', 'manager', self._w)
	def winfo_name(self):
		"""Return the name of this widget."""
		return self.tk.call('winfo', 'name', self._w)
	def winfo_parent(self):
		"""Return the name of the parent of this widget."""
		return self.tk.call('winfo', 'parent', self._w)
	def winfo_pathname(self, id, displayof=0):
		"""Return the pathname of the widget given by ID."""
		args = ('winfo', 'pathname') \
		       + self._displayof(displayof) + (id,)
		return self.tk.call(args)
	def winfo_pixels(self, number):
		"""Rounded integer value of winfo_fpixels."""
		return getint(
			self.tk.call('winfo', 'pixels', self._w, number))
	def winfo_pointerx(self):
		"""Return the x coordinate of the pointer on the root window."""
		return getint(
			self.tk.call('winfo', 'pointerx', self._w))
	def winfo_pointerxy(self):
		"""Return a tupel of x and y coordinates of the pointer on the root window."""
		return self._getints(
			self.tk.call('winfo', 'pointerxy', self._w))
	def winfo_pointery(self):
		"""Return the y coordinate of the pointer on the root window."""
 		return getint(
			self.tk.call('winfo', 'pointery', self._w))
	def winfo_reqheight(self):
		"""Return requested height of this widget."""
		return getint(
			self.tk.call('winfo', 'reqheight', self._w))
	def winfo_reqwidth(self):
		"""Return requested width of this widget."""
		return getint(
			self.tk.call('winfo', 'reqwidth', self._w))
	def winfo_rgb(self, color):
		"""Return tupel of decimal values for red, green, blue for
		COLOR in this widget."""
		return self._getints(
			self.tk.call('winfo', 'rgb', self._w, color))
	def winfo_rootx(self):
		"""Return x coordinate of upper left corner of this widget on the
		root window."""
		return getint(
			self.tk.call('winfo', 'rootx', self._w))
	def winfo_rooty(self):
		"""Return y coordinate of upper left corner of this widget on the
		root window."""
		return getint(
			self.tk.call('winfo', 'rooty', self._w))
	def winfo_screen(self):
		"""Return the screen name of this widget."""
		return self.tk.call('winfo', 'screen', self._w)
	def winfo_screencells(self):
		"""Return the number of the cells in the colormap of the screen
		of this widget."""
		return getint(
			self.tk.call('winfo', 'screencells', self._w))
	def winfo_screendepth(self):
		"""Return the number of bits per pixel of the root window of the
		screen of this widget."""
		return getint(
			self.tk.call('winfo', 'screendepth', self._w))
	def winfo_screenheight(self):
		"""Return the number of pixels of the height of the screen of this widget
		in pixel."""
		return getint(
			self.tk.call('winfo', 'screenheight', self._w))
	def winfo_screenmmheight(self):
		"""Return the number of pixels of the height of the screen of
		this widget in mm."""
		return getint(
			self.tk.call('winfo', 'screenmmheight', self._w))
	def winfo_screenmmwidth(self):
		"""Return the number of pixels of the width of the screen of
		this widget in mm."""
		return getint(
			self.tk.call('winfo', 'screenmmwidth', self._w))
	def winfo_screenvisual(self):
		"""Return one of the strings directcolor, grayscale, pseudocolor,
		staticcolor, staticgray, or truecolor for the default
		colormodel of this screen."""
		return self.tk.call('winfo', 'screenvisual', self._w)
	def winfo_screenwidth(self):
		"""Return the number of pixels of the width of the screen of
		this widget in pixel."""
		return getint(
			self.tk.call('winfo', 'screenwidth', self._w))
	def winfo_server(self):
		"""Return information of the X-Server of the screen of this widget in
		the form "XmajorRminor vendor vendorVersion"."""
		return self.tk.call('winfo', 'server', self._w)
	def winfo_toplevel(self):
		"""Return the toplevel widget of this widget."""
		return self._nametowidget(self.tk.call(
			'winfo', 'toplevel', self._w))
	def winfo_viewable(self):
		"""Return true if the widget and all its higher anchestors are mapped."""
		return getint(
			self.tk.call('winfo', 'viewable', self._w))
	def winfo_visual(self):
		"""Return one of the strings directcolor, grayscale, pseudocolor,
		staticcolor, staticgray, or truecolor for the 
		colormodel of this widget."""
		return self.tk.call('winfo', 'visual', self._w)
	def winfo_visualid(self):
		"""Return the X identifier for the visual for this widget."""
		return self.tk.call('winfo', 'visualid', self._w)
	def winfo_visualsavailable(self, includeids=0):
		"""Return a list of all visuals available for the screen
		of this widget.

		Each item in the list consists of a visual name (see winfo_visual), a
		depth and if INCLUDEIDS=1 is given also the X identifier."""
		data = self.tk.split(
			self.tk.call('winfo', 'visualsavailable', self._w,
				     includeids and 'includeids' or None))
		return map(self.__winfo_parseitem, data)
	def __winfo_parseitem(self, t):
		"""Internal function."""
		return t[:1] + tuple(map(self.__winfo_getint, t[1:]))
	def __winfo_getint(self, x):
		"""Internal function."""
		return _string.atoi(x, 0)
	def winfo_vrootheight(self):
		"""Return the height of the virtual root window associated with this
		widget in pixels. If there is no virtual root window return the
		height of the screen."""
		return getint(
			self.tk.call('winfo', 'vrootheight', self._w))
	def winfo_vrootwidth(self):
		"""Return the width of the virtual root window associated with this
		widget in pixel. If there is no virtual root window return the
		width of the screen."""
		return getint(
			self.tk.call('winfo', 'vrootwidth', self._w))
	def winfo_vrootx(self):
		"""Return the x offset of the virtual root relative to the root
		window of the screen of this widget."""
		return getint(
			self.tk.call('winfo', 'vrootx', self._w))
	def winfo_vrooty(self):
		"""Return the y offset of the virtual root relative to the root
		window of the screen of this widget."""
		return getint(
			self.tk.call('winfo', 'vrooty', self._w))
	def winfo_width(self):
		"""Return the width of this widget."""
		return getint(
			self.tk.call('winfo', 'width', self._w))
	def winfo_x(self):
		"""Return the x coordinate of the upper left corner of this widget
		in the parent."""
		return getint(
			self.tk.call('winfo', 'x', self._w))
	def winfo_y(self):
		"""Return the y coordinate of the upper left corner of this widget
		in the parent."""
		return getint(
			self.tk.call('winfo', 'y', self._w))
	def update(self):
		"""Enter event loop until all pending events have been processed by Tcl."""
		self.tk.call('update')
	def update_idletasks(self):
		"""Enter event loop until all idle callbacks have been called. This
		will update the display of windows but not process events caused by
		the user."""
		self.tk.call('update', 'idletasks')
	def bindtags(self, tagList=None):
		"""Set or get the list of bindtags for this widget.

		With no argument return the list of all bindtags associated with
		this widget. With a list of strings as argument the bindtags are
		set to this list. The bindtags determine in which order events are
		processed (see bind)."""
		if tagList is None:
			return self.tk.splitlist(
				self.tk.call('bindtags', self._w))
		else:
			self.tk.call('bindtags', self._w, tagList)
	def _bind(self, what, sequence, func, add, needcleanup=1):
		"""Internal function."""
		if type(func) is StringType:
			self.tk.call(what + (sequence, func))
		elif func:
			funcid = self._register(func, self._substitute,
						needcleanup)
			cmd = ('%sif {"[%s %s]" == "break"} break\n'
			       %
			       (add and '+' or '',
				funcid,
				_string.join(self._subst_format)))
			self.tk.call(what + (sequence, cmd))
			return funcid
		elif sequence:
			return self.tk.call(what + (sequence,))
		else:
			return self.tk.splitlist(self.tk.call(what))
	def bind(self, sequence=None, func=None, add=None):
		"""Bind to this widget at event SEQUENCE a call to function FUNC.

		SEQUENCE is a string of concatenated event
		patterns. An event pattern is of the form
		<MODIFIER-MODIFIER-TYPE-DETAIL> where MODIFIER is one
		of Control, Mod2, M2, Shift, Mod3, M3, Lock, Mod4, M4,
		Button1, B1, Mod5, M5 Button2, B2, Meta, M, Button3,
		B3, Alt, Button4, B4, Double, Button5, B5 Triple,
		Mod1, M1. TYPE is one of Activate, Enter, Map,
		ButtonPress, Button, Expose, Motion, ButtonRelease
		FocusIn, MouseWheel, Circulate, FocusOut, Property,
		Colormap, Gravity Reparent, Configure, KeyPress, Key,
		Unmap, Deactivate, KeyRelease Visibility, Destroy,
		Leave and DETAIL is the button number for ButtonPress,
		ButtonRelease and DETAIL is the Keysym for KeyPress and
		KeyRelease. Examples are
		<Control-Button-1> for pressing Control and mouse button 1 or
		<Alt-A> for pressing A and the Alt key (KeyPress can be omitted).
		An event pattern can also be a virtual event of the form
		<<AString>> where AString can be arbitrary. This
		event can be generated by event_generate.
		If events are concatenated they must appear shortly
		after each other.

		FUNC will be called if the event sequence occurs with an
		instance of Event as argument. If the return value of FUNC is
		"break" no further bound function is invoked.

		An additional boolean parameter ADD specifies whether FUNC will
		be called additionally to the other bound function or whether
		it will replace the previous function.

		Bind will return an identifier to allow deletion of the bound function with
		unbind without memory leak.

		If FUNC or SEQUENCE is omitted the bound function or list
		of bound events are returned."""
		
		return self._bind(('bind', self._w), sequence, func, add)
	def unbind(self, sequence, funcid=None):
		"""Unbind for this widget for event SEQUENCE  the
		function identified with FUNCID."""
		self.tk.call('bind', self._w, sequence, '')
		if funcid:
			self.deletecommand(funcid)
	def bind_all(self, sequence=None, func=None, add=None):
		"""Bind to all widgets at an event SEQUENCE a call to function FUNC.
		An additional boolean parameter ADD specifies whether FUNC will
		be called additionally to the other bound function or whether
		it will replace the previous function. See bind for the return value."""
		return self._bind(('bind', 'all'), sequence, func, add, 0)
	def unbind_all(self, sequence):
		"""Unbind for all widgets for event SEQUENCE all functions."""
		self.tk.call('bind', 'all' , sequence, '')
	def bind_class(self, className, sequence=None, func=None, add=None):

		"""Bind to widgets with bindtag CLASSNAME at event
		SEQUENCE a call of function FUNC. An additional
		boolean parameter ADD specifies whether FUNC will be
		called additionally to the other bound function or
		whether it will replace the previous function. See bind for
		the return value."""
		
		return self._bind(('bind', className), sequence, func, add, 0)
	def unbind_class(self, className, sequence):
		"""Unbind for a all widgets with bindtag CLASSNAME for event SEQUENCE
		all functions."""
		self.tk.call('bind', className , sequence, '')
	def mainloop(self, n=0):
		"""Call the mainloop of Tk."""
		self.tk.mainloop(n)
	def quit(self):
		"""Quit the Tcl interpreter. All widgets will be destroyed."""
		self.tk.quit()
	def _getints(self, string):
		"""Internal function."""
		if string:
			return tuple(map(getint, self.tk.splitlist(string)))
	def _getdoubles(self, string):
		"""Internal function."""
		if string:
			return tuple(map(getdouble, self.tk.splitlist(string)))
	def _getboolean(self, string):
		"""Internal function."""
		if string:
			return self.tk.getboolean(string)
	def _displayof(self, displayof):
		"""Internal function."""
		if displayof:
			return ('-displayof', displayof)
		if displayof is None:
			return ('-displayof', self._w)
		return ()
	def _options(self, cnf, kw = None):
		"""Internal function."""
		if kw:
			cnf = _cnfmerge((cnf, kw))
		else:
			cnf = _cnfmerge(cnf)
		res = ()
		for k, v in cnf.items():
			if v is not None:
				if k[-1] == '_': k = k[:-1]
				if callable(v):
					v = self._register(v)
				res = res + ('-'+k, v)
		return res
	def nametowidget(self, name):
		"""Return the Tkinter instance of a widget identified by
		its Tcl name NAME."""
		w = self
		if name[0] == '.':
			w = w._root()
			name = name[1:]
		find = _string.find
		while name:
			i = find(name, '.')
			if i >= 0:
				name, tail = name[:i], name[i+1:]
			else:
				tail = ''
			w = w.children[name]
			name = tail
		return w
	_nametowidget = nametowidget
	def _register(self, func, subst=None, needcleanup=1):
		"""Return a newly created Tcl function. If this
		function is called, the Python function FUNC will
		be executed. An optional function SUBST can
		be given which will be executed before FUNC."""
		f = CallWrapper(func, subst, self).__call__
		name = `id(f)`
		try:
			func = func.im_func
		except AttributeError:
			pass
		try:
			name = name + func.__name__
		except AttributeError:
			pass
		self.tk.createcommand(name, f)
		if needcleanup:
			if self._tclCommands is None:
				self._tclCommands = []
			self._tclCommands.append(name)
		#print '+ Tkinter created command', name
		return name
	register = _register
	def _root(self):
		"""Internal function."""
		w = self
		while w.master: w = w.master
		return w
	_subst_format = ('%#', '%b', '%f', '%h', '%k', 
			 '%s', '%t', '%w', '%x', '%y',
			 '%A', '%E', '%K', '%N', '%W', '%T', '%X', '%Y', '%D')
	def _substitute(self, *args):
		"""Internal function."""
		if len(args) != len(self._subst_format): return args
		getboolean = self.tk.getboolean
		getint = int
		nsign, b, f, h, k, s, t, w, x, y, A, E, K, N, W, T, X, Y, D = args
		# Missing: (a, c, d, m, o, v, B, R)
		e = Event()
		e.serial = getint(nsign)
		e.num = getint(b)
		try: e.focus = getboolean(f)
		except TclError: pass
		e.height = getint(h)
		e.keycode = getint(k)
		# For Visibility events, event state is a string and
		# not an integer:
		try:
			e.state = getint(s)
		except ValueError:
			e.state = s
		e.time = getint(t)
		e.width = getint(w)
		e.x = getint(x)
		e.y = getint(y)
		e.char = A
		try: e.send_event = getboolean(E)
		except TclError: pass
		e.keysym = K
		e.keysym_num = getint(N)
		e.type = T
		try:
			e.widget = self._nametowidget(W)
		except KeyError:
			e.widget = W
		e.x_root = getint(X)
		e.y_root = getint(Y)
		e.delta = getint(D)
		return (e,)
	def _report_exception(self):
		"""Internal function."""
		import sys
		exc, val, tb = sys.exc_type, sys.exc_value, sys.exc_traceback
		root = self._root()
		root.report_callback_exception(exc, val, tb)
	# These used to be defined in Widget:
	def configure(self, cnf=None, **kw):
		"""Configure resources of a widget.

		The values for resources are specified as keyword
		arguments. To get an overview about
		the allowed keyword arguments call the method keys.
		"""
		# XXX ought to generalize this so tag_config etc. can use it
		if kw:
			cnf = _cnfmerge((cnf, kw))
		elif cnf:
			cnf = _cnfmerge(cnf)
		if cnf is None:
			cnf = {}
			for x in self.tk.split(
				self.tk.call(self._w, 'configure')):
				cnf[x[0][1:]] = (x[0][1:],) + x[1:]
			return cnf
		if type(cnf) is StringType:
			x = self.tk.split(self.tk.call(
				self._w, 'configure', '-'+cnf))
			return (x[0][1:],) + x[1:]
		self.tk.call((self._w, 'configure')
		      + self._options(cnf))
	config = configure
	def cget(self, key):
		"""Return the resource value for a KEY given as string."""
		return self.tk.call(self._w, 'cget', '-' + key)
	__getitem__ = cget
	def __setitem__(self, key, value):
		self.configure({key: value})
	def keys(self):
		"""Return a list of all resource names of this widget."""
		return map(lambda x: x[0][1:],
			   self.tk.split(self.tk.call(self._w, 'configure')))
	def __str__(self):
		"""Return the window path name of this widget."""
		return self._w
	# Pack methods that apply to the master
	_noarg_ = ['_noarg_']
	def pack_propagate(self, flag=_noarg_):
		"""Set or get the status for propagation of geometry information.

		A boolean argument specifies whether the geometry information
		of the slaves will determine the size of this widget. If no argument
		is given the current setting will be returned.
		"""
		if flag is Misc._noarg_:
			return self._getboolean(self.tk.call(
				'pack', 'propagate', self._w))
		else:
			self.tk.call('pack', 'propagate', self._w, flag)
	propagate = pack_propagate
	def pack_slaves(self):
		"""Return a list of all slaves of this widget
		in its packing order."""
		return map(self._nametowidget,
			   self.tk.splitlist(
				   self.tk.call('pack', 'slaves', self._w)))
	slaves = pack_slaves
	# Place method that applies to the master
	def place_slaves(self):
		"""Return a list of all slaves of this widget
		in its packing order."""
		return map(self._nametowidget,
			   self.tk.splitlist(
				   self.tk.call(
					   'place', 'slaves', self._w)))
	# Grid methods that apply to the master
	def grid_bbox(self, column=None, row=None, col2=None, row2=None):
		"""Return a tuple of integer coordinates for the bounding
		box of this widget controlled by the geometry manager grid.

		If COLUMN, ROW is given the bounding box applies from
		the cell with row and column 0 to the specified
		cell. If COL2 and ROW2 are given the bounding box
		starts at that cell.

		The returned integers specify the offset of the uppler left
		corner in the master widget and the width and height.
		"""
		args = ('grid', 'bbox', self._w)
		if column is not None and row is not None:
			args = args + (column, row)
		if col2 is not None and row2 is not None:
			args = args + (col2, row2)
		return self._getints(apply(self.tk.call, args)) or None

	bbox = grid_bbox
	def _grid_configure(self, command, index, cnf, kw):
		"""Internal function."""
		if type(cnf) is StringType and not kw:
			if cnf[-1:] == '_':
				cnf = cnf[:-1]
			if cnf[:1] != '-':
				cnf = '-'+cnf
			options = (cnf,)
		else:
			options = self._options(cnf, kw)
		if not options:
			res = self.tk.call('grid',
					   command, self._w, index)
			words = self.tk.splitlist(res)
			dict = {}
			for i in range(0, len(words), 2):
				key = words[i][1:]
				value = words[i+1]
				if not value:
					value = None
				elif '.' in value:
					value = getdouble(value)
				else:
					value = getint(value)
				dict[key] = value
			return dict
		res = self.tk.call(
			      ('grid', command, self._w, index) 
			      + options)
		if len(options) == 1:
			if not res: return None
			# In Tk 7.5, -width can be a float
			if '.' in res: return getdouble(res)
			return getint(res)
	def grid_columnconfigure(self, index, cnf={}, **kw):
		"""Configure column INDEX of a grid.

		Valid resources are minsize (minimum size of the column),
		weight (how much does additional space propagate to this column)
		and pad (how much space to let additionally)."""
		return self._grid_configure('columnconfigure', index, cnf, kw)
	columnconfigure = grid_columnconfigure
	def grid_propagate(self, flag=_noarg_):
		"""Set or get the status for propagation of geometry information.

		A boolean argument specifies whether the geometry information
		of the slaves will determine the size of this widget. If no argument
		is given, the current setting will be returned.
		"""
		if flag is Misc._noarg_:
			return self._getboolean(self.tk.call(
				'grid', 'propagate', self._w))
		else:
			self.tk.call('grid', 'propagate', self._w, flag)
	def grid_rowconfigure(self, index, cnf={}, **kw):
		"""Configure row INDEX of a grid.

		Valid resources are minsize (minimum size of the row),
		weight (how much does additional space propagate to this row)
		and pad (how much space to let additionally)."""
		return self._grid_configure('rowconfigure', index, cnf, kw)
	rowconfigure = grid_rowconfigure
	def grid_size(self):
		"""Return a tuple of the number of column and rows in the grid."""
		return self._getints(
			self.tk.call('grid', 'size', self._w)) or None
	size = grid_size
	def grid_slaves(self, row=None, column=None):
		"""Return a list of all slaves of this widget
		in its packing order."""
		args = ()
		if row is not None:
			args = args + ('-row', row)
		if column is not None:
			args = args + ('-column', column)
		return map(self._nametowidget,
			   self.tk.splitlist(self.tk.call(
				   ('grid', 'slaves', self._w) + args)))

	# Support for the "event" command, new in Tk 4.2.
	# By Case Roole.

	def event_add(self, virtual, *sequences):
		"""Bind a virtual event VIRTUAL (of the form <<Name>>)
		to an event SEQUENCE such that the virtual event is triggered
		whenever SEQUENCE occurs."""
		args = ('event', 'add', virtual) + sequences
		self.tk.call(args)

	def event_delete(self, virtual, *sequences):
		"""Unbind a virtual event VIRTUAL from SEQUENCE."""
		args = ('event', 'delete', virtual) + sequences
		self.tk.call(args)

	def event_generate(self, sequence, **kw):
		"""Generate an event SEQUENCE. Additional
		keyword arguments specify parameter of the event
		(e.g. x, y, rootx, rooty)."""
		args = ('event', 'generate', self._w, sequence)
		for k, v in kw.items():
			args = args + ('-%s' % k, str(v))
		self.tk.call(args)

	def event_info(self, virtual=None):
		"""Return a list of all virtual events or the information
		about the SEQUENCE bound to the virtual event VIRTUAL."""
		return self.tk.splitlist(
		    self.tk.call('event', 'info', virtual))

	# Image related commands

	def image_names(self):
		"""Return a list of all existing image names."""
		return self.tk.call('image', 'names')

	def image_types(self):
		"""Return a list of all available image types (e.g. phote bitmap)."""
		return self.tk.call('image', 'types')


class CallWrapper:
	"""Internal class. Stores function to call when some user
	defined Tcl function is called e.g. after an event occured."""
	def __init__(self, func, subst, widget):
		"""Store FUNC, SUBST and WIDGET as members."""
		self.func = func
		self.subst = subst
		self.widget = widget
	def __call__(self, *args):
		"""Apply first function SUBST to arguments, than FUNC."""
		try:
			if self.subst:
				args = apply(self.subst, args)
			return apply(self.func, args)
		except SystemExit, msg:
			raise SystemExit, msg
		except:
			self.widget._report_exception()


class Wm:
	"""Provides functions for the communication with the window manager."""
	def wm_aspect(self,
		      minNumer=None, minDenom=None, 
		      maxNumer=None, maxDenom=None):
		"""Instruct the window manager to set the aspect ratio (width/height)
		of this widget to be between MINNUMER/MINDENOM and MAXNUMER/MAXDENOM. Return a tuple
		of the actual values if no argument is given."""
		return self._getints(
			self.tk.call('wm', 'aspect', self._w, 
				     minNumer, minDenom, 
				     maxNumer, maxDenom))
	aspect = wm_aspect
	def wm_client(self, name=None):
		"""Store NAME in WM_CLIENT_MACHINE property of this widget. Return
		current value."""
		return self.tk.call('wm', 'client', self._w, name)
	client = wm_client
	def wm_colormapwindows(self, *wlist):
		"""Store list of window names (WLIST) into WM_COLORMAPWINDOWS property
		of this widget. This list contains windows whose colormaps differ from their
		parents. Return current list of widgets if WLIST is empty."""
		if len(wlist) > 1:
			wlist = (wlist,) # Tk needs a list of windows here
		args = ('wm', 'colormapwindows', self._w) + wlist
		return map(self._nametowidget, self.tk.call(args))
	colormapwindows = wm_colormapwindows
	def wm_command(self, value=None):
		"""Store VALUE in WM_COMMAND property. It is the command
		which shall be used to invoke the application. Return current
		commmand if VALUE is None."""
		return self.tk.call('wm', 'command', self._w, value)
	command = wm_command
	def wm_deiconify(self):
		"""Deiconify this widget. If it was never mapped it will not be mapped.
		On Windows it will raise this widget and give it the focus."""
		return self.tk.call('wm', 'deiconify', self._w)
	deiconify = wm_deiconify
	def wm_focusmodel(self, model=None):
		"""Set focus model to MODEL. "active" means that this widget will claim
		the focus itself, "passive" means that the window manager shall give
		the focus. Return current focus model if MODEL is None."""
		return self.tk.call('wm', 'focusmodel', self._w, model)
	focusmodel = wm_focusmodel
	def wm_frame(self):
		"""Return identifier for decorative frame of this widget if present."""
		return self.tk.call('wm', 'frame', self._w)
	frame = wm_frame
	def wm_geometry(self, newGeometry=None):
		"""Set geometry to NEWGEOMETRY of the form =widthxheigth+x+y. Return
		current value if None is given."""
		return self.tk.call('wm', 'geometry', self._w, newGeometry)
	geometry = wm_geometry
	def wm_grid(self,
		 baseWidth=None, baseHeight=None, 
		 widthInc=None, heightInc=None):
		"""Instruct the window manager that this widget shall only be
		resized on grid boundaries. WIDTHINC and HEIGHTINC are the width and
		height of a grid unit in pixels. BASEWIDTH and BASEHEIGHT are the
		number of grid units requested in Tk_GeometryRequest."""
		return self._getints(self.tk.call(
			'wm', 'grid', self._w,
			baseWidth, baseHeight, widthInc, heightInc))
	grid = wm_grid
	def wm_group(self, pathName=None):
		"""Set the group leader widgets for related widgets to PATHNAME. Return
		the group leader of this widget if None is given."""
		return self.tk.call('wm', 'group', self._w, pathName)
	group = wm_group
	def wm_iconbitmap(self, bitmap=None):
		"""Set bitmap for the iconified widget to BITMAP. Return
		the bitmap if None is given."""
		return self.tk.call('wm', 'iconbitmap', self._w, bitmap)
	iconbitmap = wm_iconbitmap
	def wm_iconify(self):
		"""Display widget as icon."""
		return self.tk.call('wm', 'iconify', self._w)
	iconify = wm_iconify
	def wm_iconmask(self, bitmap=None):
		"""Set mask for the icon bitmap of this widget. Return the
		mask if None is given."""
		return self.tk.call('wm', 'iconmask', self._w, bitmap)
	iconmask = wm_iconmask
	def wm_iconname(self, newName=None):
		"""Set the name of the icon for this widget. Return the name if
		None is given."""
		return self.tk.call('wm', 'iconname', self._w, newName)
	iconname = wm_iconname
	def wm_iconposition(self, x=None, y=None):
		"""Set the position of the icon of this widget to X and Y. Return
		a tuple of the current values of X and X if None is given."""
		return self._getints(self.tk.call(
			'wm', 'iconposition', self._w, x, y))
	iconposition = wm_iconposition
	def wm_iconwindow(self, pathName=None):
		"""Set widget PATHNAME to be displayed instead of icon. Return the current
		value if None is given."""
		return self.tk.call('wm', 'iconwindow', self._w, pathName)
	iconwindow = wm_iconwindow
	def wm_maxsize(self, width=None, height=None):
		"""Set max WIDTH and HEIGHT for this widget. If the window is gridded
		the values are given in grid units. Return the current values if None
		is given."""
		return self._getints(self.tk.call(
			'wm', 'maxsize', self._w, width, height))
	maxsize = wm_maxsize
	def wm_minsize(self, width=None, height=None):
		"""Set min WIDTH and HEIGHT for this widget. If the window is gridded
		the values are given in grid units. Return the current values if None
		is given."""
		return self._getints(self.tk.call(
			'wm', 'minsize', self._w, width, height))
	minsize = wm_minsize
	def wm_overrideredirect(self, boolean=None):
		"""Instruct the window manager to ignore this widget
		if BOOLEAN is given with 1. Return the current value if None
		is given."""
		return self._getboolean(self.tk.call(
			'wm', 'overrideredirect', self._w, boolean))
	overrideredirect = wm_overrideredirect
	def wm_positionfrom(self, who=None):
		"""Instruct the window manager that the position of this widget shall
		be defined by the user if WHO is "user", and by its own policy if WHO is
		"program"."""
		return self.tk.call('wm', 'positionfrom', self._w, who)
	positionfrom = wm_positionfrom
	def wm_protocol(self, name=None, func=None):
		"""Bind function FUNC to command NAME for this widget.
		Return the function bound to NAME if None is given. NAME could be
		e.g. "WM_SAVE_YOURSELF" or "WM_DELETE_WINDOW"."""
		if callable(func):
			command = self._register(func)
		else:
			command = func
		return self.tk.call(
			'wm', 'protocol', self._w, name, command)
	protocol = wm_protocol
	def wm_resizable(self, width=None, height=None):
		"""Instruct the window manager whether this width can be resized
		in WIDTH or HEIGHT. Both values are boolean values."""
		return self.tk.call('wm', 'resizable', self._w, width, height)
	resizable = wm_resizable
	def wm_sizefrom(self, who=None):
		"""Instruct the window manager that the size of this widget shall
		be defined by the user if WHO is "user", and by its own policy if WHO is
		"program"."""
		return self.tk.call('wm', 'sizefrom', self._w, who)
	sizefrom = wm_sizefrom
	def wm_state(self):
		"""Return the state of this widget as one of normal,
		icon, iconic (see wm_iconwindow) and withdrawn."""
		return self.tk.call('wm', 'state', self._w)
	state = wm_state
	def wm_title(self, string=None):
		"""Set the title of this widget."""
		return self.tk.call('wm', 'title', self._w, string)
	title = wm_title
	def wm_transient(self, master=None):
		"""Instruct the window manager that this widget is transient
		with regard to widget MASTER."""
		return self.tk.call('wm', 'transient', self._w, master)
	transient = wm_transient
	def wm_withdraw(self):
		"""Withdraw this widget from the screen such that it is unmapped
		and forgotten by the window manager. Re-draw it with wm_deiconify."""
		return self.tk.call('wm', 'withdraw', self._w)
	withdraw = wm_withdraw


class Tk(Misc, Wm):
	"""Toplevel widget of Tk which represents mostly the main window
	of an appliation. It has an associated Tcl interpreter."""
	_w = '.'
	def __init__(self, screenName=None, baseName=None, className='Tk'):
		"""Return a new Toplevel widget on screen SCREENNAME. A new Tcl interpreter will
		be created. BASENAME will be used for the identification of the profile file (see
		readprofile).
		It is constructed from sys.argv[0] without extensions if None is given. CLASSNAME
		is the name of the widget class."""
		global _default_root
		self.master = None
		self.children = {}
		if baseName is None:
			import sys, os
			baseName = os.path.basename(sys.argv[0])
			baseName, ext = os.path.splitext(baseName)
			if ext not in ('.py', '.pyc', '.pyo'):
				baseName = baseName + ext
		self.tk = _tkinter.create(screenName, baseName, className)
		if _MacOS:
			# Disable event scanning except for Command-Period
			_MacOS.SchedParams(1, 0)
			# Work around nasty MacTk bug
			# XXX Is this one still needed?
			self.update()
		# Version sanity checks
		tk_version = self.tk.getvar('tk_version')
		if tk_version != _tkinter.TK_VERSION:
		    raise RuntimeError, \
		    "tk.h version (%s) doesn't match libtk.a version (%s)" \
		    % (_tkinter.TK_VERSION, tk_version)
		tcl_version = self.tk.getvar('tcl_version')
		if tcl_version != _tkinter.TCL_VERSION:
		    raise RuntimeError, \
		    "tcl.h version (%s) doesn't match libtcl.a version (%s)" \
		    % (_tkinter.TCL_VERSION, tcl_version)
		if TkVersion < 4.0:
			raise RuntimeError, \
			"Tk 4.0 or higher is required; found Tk %s" \
			% str(TkVersion)
		self.tk.createcommand('tkerror', _tkerror)
		self.tk.createcommand('exit', _exit)
		self.readprofile(baseName, className)
		if _support_default_root and not _default_root:
			_default_root = self
		self.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", self.destroy)
	def destroy(self):
		"""Destroy this and all descendants widgets. This will
		end the application of this Tcl interpreter."""
		for c in self.children.values(): c.destroy()
		self.tk.call('destroy', self._w)
		Misc.destroy(self)
		global _default_root
		if _support_default_root and _default_root is self:
			_default_root = None
	def readprofile(self, baseName, className):
		"""Internal function. It reads BASENAME.tcl and CLASSNAME.tcl into
		the Tcl Interpreter and calls execfile on BASENAME.py and CLASSNAME.py if
		such a file exists in the home directory."""
		import os
		if os.environ.has_key('HOME'): home = os.environ['HOME']
		else: home = os.curdir
		class_tcl = os.path.join(home, '.%s.tcl' % className)
		class_py = os.path.join(home, '.%s.py' % className)
		base_tcl = os.path.join(home, '.%s.tcl' % baseName)
		base_py = os.path.join(home, '.%s.py' % baseName)
		dir = {'self': self}
		exec 'from Tkinter import *' in dir
		if os.path.isfile(class_tcl):
			print 'source', `class_tcl`
			self.tk.call('source', class_tcl)
		if os.path.isfile(class_py):
			print 'execfile', `class_py`
			execfile(class_py, dir)
		if os.path.isfile(base_tcl):
			print 'source', `base_tcl`
			self.tk.call('source', base_tcl)
		if os.path.isfile(base_py):
			print 'execfile', `base_py`
			execfile(base_py, dir)
	def report_callback_exception(self, exc, val, tb):
		"""Internal function. It reports exception on sys.stderr."""
		import traceback, sys
		sys.stderr.write("Exception in Tkinter callback\n")
		sys.last_type = exc
		sys.last_value = val
		sys.last_traceback = tb
		traceback.print_exception(exc, val, tb)

# Ideally, the classes Pack, Place and Grid disappear, the
# pack/place/grid methods are defined on the Widget class, and
# everybody uses w.pack_whatever(...) instead of Pack.whatever(w,
# ...), with pack(), place() and grid() being short for
# pack_configure(), place_configure() and grid_columnconfigure(), and
# forget() being short for pack_forget().  As a practical matter, I'm
# afraid that there is too much code out there that may be using the
# Pack, Place or Grid class, so I leave them intact -- but only as
# backwards compatibility features.  Also note that those methods that
# take a master as argument (e.g. pack_propagate) have been moved to
# the Misc class (which now incorporates all methods common between
# toplevel and interior widgets).  Again, for compatibility, these are
# copied into the Pack, Place or Grid class.

class Pack:
	"""Geometry manager Pack.

	Base class to use the methods pack_* in every widget."""
	def pack_configure(self, cnf={}, **kw):
		"""Pack a widget in the parent widget. Use as options:
		after=widget - pack it after you have packed widget
		anchor=NSEW (or subset) - position widget according to
		                          given direction
                before=widget - pack it before you will pack widget
		expand=1 or 0 - expand widget if parent size grows
		fill=NONE or X or Y or BOTH - fill widget if widget grows
		in=master - use master to contain this widget
		ipadx=amount - add internal padding in x direction
		ipady=amount - add internal padding in y direction
		padx=amount - add padding in x direction
		pady=amount - add padding in y direction
		side=TOP or BOTTOM or LEFT or RIGHT -  where to add this widget.
		"""
		self.tk.call(
		      ('pack', 'configure', self._w) 
		      + self._options(cnf, kw))
	pack = configure = config = pack_configure
	def pack_forget(self):
		"""Unmap this widget and do not use it for the packing order."""
		self.tk.call('pack', 'forget', self._w)
	forget = pack_forget
	def pack_info(self):
		"""Return information about the packing options
		for this widget."""
		words = self.tk.splitlist(
			self.tk.call('pack', 'info', self._w))
		dict = {}
		for i in range(0, len(words), 2):
			key = words[i][1:]
			value = words[i+1]
			if value[:1] == '.':
				value = self._nametowidget(value)
			dict[key] = value
		return dict
	info = pack_info
	propagate = pack_propagate = Misc.pack_propagate
	slaves = pack_slaves = Misc.pack_slaves

class Place:
	"""Geometry manager Place.

	Base class to use the methods place_* in every widget."""
	def place_configure(self, cnf={}, **kw):
		"""Place a widget in the parent widget. Use as options:
		in=master - master relative to which the widget is placed.
		x=amount - locate anchor of this widget at position x of master
		y=amount - locate anchor of this widget at position y of master
		relx=amount - locate anchor of this widget between 0.0 and 1.0
		              relative to width of master (1.0 is right edge)
	        rely=amount - locate anchor of this widget between 0.0 and 1.0
		              relative to height of master (1.0 is bottom edge)
	        anchor=NSEW (or subset) - position anchor according to given direction
		width=amount - width of this widget in pixel
		height=amount - height of this widget in pixel
		relwidth=amount - width of this widget between 0.0 and 1.0
		                  relative to width of master (1.0 is the same width
				  as the master)
	        relheight=amount - height of this widget between 0.0 and 1.0
		                   relative to heigth of master (1.0 is the same
				   height as the master)
	        bordermode="inside" or "outside" - whether to take border width of master widget
	                                           into account
	        """
		for k in ['in_']:
			if kw.has_key(k):
				kw[k[:-1]] = kw[k]
				del kw[k]
		self.tk.call(
		      ('place', 'configure', self._w) 
		      + self._options(cnf, kw))
	place = configure = config = place_configure
	def place_forget(self):
		"""Unmap this widget."""
		self.tk.call('place', 'forget', self._w)
	forget = place_forget
	def place_info(self):
		"""Return information about the placing options
		for this widget."""
		words = self.tk.splitlist(
			self.tk.call('place', 'info', self._w))
		dict = {}
		for i in range(0, len(words), 2):
			key = words[i][1:]
			value = words[i+1]
			if value[:1] == '.':
				value = self._nametowidget(value)
			dict[key] = value
		return dict
	info = place_info
	slaves = place_slaves = Misc.place_slaves

class Grid:
	"""Geometry manager Grid.

	Base class to use the methods grid_* in every widget."""
	# Thanks to Masazumi Yoshikawa (yosikawa@isi.edu)
	def grid_configure(self, cnf={}, **kw):
		"""Position a widget in the parent widget in a grid. Use as options:
		column=number - use cell identified with given column (starting with 0)
		columnspan=number - this widget will span several columns
		in=master - use master to contain this widget
		ipadx=amount - add internal padding in x direction
		ipady=amount - add internal padding in y direction
		padx=amount - add padding in x direction
		pady=amount - add padding in y direction
		row=number - use cell identified with given row (starting with 0)
		rowspan=number - this widget will span several rows
		sticky=NSEW - if cell is larger on which sides will this
		              widget stick to the cell boundary
		"""
		self.tk.call(
		      ('grid', 'configure', self._w) 
		      + self._options(cnf, kw))
	grid = configure = config = grid_configure
	bbox = grid_bbox = Misc.grid_bbox
	columnconfigure = grid_columnconfigure = Misc.grid_columnconfigure
	def grid_forget(self):
		"""Unmap this widget."""
		self.tk.call('grid', 'forget', self._w)
	forget = grid_forget
	def grid_remove(self):
		"""Unmap this widget but remember the grid options."""
		self.tk.call('grid', 'remove', self._w)
	def grid_info(self):
		"""Return information about the options
		for positioning this widget in a grid."""
		words = self.tk.splitlist(
			self.tk.call('grid', 'info', self._w))
		dict = {}
		for i in range(0, len(words), 2):
			key = words[i][1:]
			value = words[i+1]
			if value[:1] == '.':
				value = self._nametowidget(value)
			dict[key] = value
		return dict
	info = grid_info
	def grid_location(self, x, y):
		"""Return a tuple of column and row which identify the cell
		at which the pixel at position X and Y inside the master
		widget is located."""
		return self._getints(
			self.tk.call(
				'grid', 'location', self._w, x, y)) or None
	location = grid_location
	propagate = grid_propagate = Misc.grid_propagate
	rowconfigure = grid_rowconfigure = Misc.grid_rowconfigure
	size = grid_size = Misc.grid_size
	slaves = grid_slaves = Misc.grid_slaves

class BaseWidget(Misc):
	"""Internal class."""
	def _setup(self, master, cnf):
		"""Internal function. Sets up information about children."""
		if _support_default_root:
			global _default_root
			if not master:
				if not _default_root:
					_default_root = Tk()
				master = _default_root
		self.master = master
		self.tk = master.tk
		name = None
		if cnf.has_key('name'):
			name = cnf['name']
			del cnf['name']
		if not name:
			name = `id(self)`
		self._name = name
		if master._w=='.':
			self._w = '.' + name
		else:
			self._w = master._w + '.' + name
		self.children = {}
		if self.master.children.has_key(self._name):
			self.master.children[self._name].destroy()
		self.master.children[self._name] = self
	def __init__(self, master, widgetName, cnf={}, kw={}, extra=()):
		"""Construct a widget with the parent widget MASTER, a name WIDGETNAME
		and appropriate options."""
		if kw:
			cnf = _cnfmerge((cnf, kw))
		self.widgetName = widgetName
		BaseWidget._setup(self, master, cnf)
		classes = []
		for k in cnf.keys():
			if type(k) is ClassType:
				classes.append((k, cnf[k]))
				del cnf[k]
		self.tk.call(
			(widgetName, self._w) + extra + self._options(cnf))
		for k, v in classes:
			k.configure(self, v)
	def destroy(self):
		"""Destroy this and all descendants widgets."""
		for c in self.children.values(): c.destroy()
		if self.master.children.has_key(self._name):
			del self.master.children[self._name]
		self.tk.call('destroy', self._w)
		Misc.destroy(self)
	def _do(self, name, args=()):
		# XXX Obsolete -- better use self.tk.call directly!
		return self.tk.call((self._w, name) + args)

class Widget(BaseWidget, Pack, Place, Grid):
	"""Internal class.

	Base class for a widget which can be positioned with the geometry managers
	Pack, Place or Grid."""
	pass

class Toplevel(BaseWidget, Wm):
	"""Toplevel widget, e.g. for dialogs."""
	def __init__(self, master=None, cnf={}, **kw):
		"""Construct a toplevel widget with the parent MASTER.

		Valid resource names: background, bd, bg, borderwidth, class,
		colormap, container, cursor, height, highlightbackground,
		highlightcolor, highlightthickness, menu, relief, screen, takefocus,
		use, visual, width."""
		if kw:
			cnf = _cnfmerge((cnf, kw))
		extra = ()
		for wmkey in ['screen', 'class_', 'class', 'visual',
			      'colormap']:
			if cnf.has_key(wmkey):
				val = cnf[wmkey]
				# TBD: a hack needed because some keys
				# are not valid as keyword arguments
				if wmkey[-1] == '_': opt = '-'+wmkey[:-1]
				else: opt = '-'+wmkey
				extra = extra + (opt, val)
				del cnf[wmkey]
		BaseWidget.__init__(self, master, 'toplevel', cnf, {}, extra)
		root = self._root()
		self.iconname(root.iconname())
		self.title(root.title())
		self.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", self.destroy)

class Button(Widget):
	"""Button widget."""
	def __init__(self, master=None, cnf={}, **kw):
		"""Construct a button widget with the parent MASTER.

		Valid resource names: activebackground, activeforeground, anchor,
		background, bd, bg, bitmap, borderwidth, command, cursor, default,
		disabledforeground, fg, font, foreground, height,
		highlightbackground, highlightcolor, highlightthickness, image,
		justify, padx, pady, relief, state, takefocus, text, textvariable,
		underline, width, wraplength."""
		Widget.__init__(self, master, 'button', cnf, kw)
	def tkButtonEnter(self, *dummy):
		self.tk.call('tkButtonEnter', self._w)
	def tkButtonLeave(self, *dummy):
		self.tk.call('tkButtonLeave', self._w)
	def tkButtonDown(self, *dummy):
		self.tk.call('tkButtonDown', self._w)
	def tkButtonUp(self, *dummy):
		self.tk.call('tkButtonUp', self._w)
	def tkButtonInvoke(self, *dummy):
		self.tk.call('tkButtonInvoke', self._w)
	def flash(self):
		self.tk.call(self._w, 'flash')
	def invoke(self):
		return self.tk.call(self._w, 'invoke')

# Indices:
# XXX I don't like these -- take them away
def AtEnd():
	return 'end'
def AtInsert(*args):
	s = 'insert'
	for a in args:
		if a: s = s + (' ' + a)
	return s
def AtSelFirst():
	return 'sel.first'
def AtSelLast():
	return 'sel.last'
def At(x, y=None):
	if y is None:
		return '@' + `x`		
	else:
		return '@' + `x` + ',' + `y`

class Canvas(Widget):
	"""Canvas widget to display graphical elements like lines or text."""
	def __init__(self, master=None, cnf={}, **kw):
		"""Construct a canvas widget with the parent MASTER.

		Valid resource names: background, bd, bg, borderwidth, closeenough,
		confine, cursor, height, highlightbackground, highlightcolor,
		highlightthickness, insertbackground, insertborderwidth,
		insertofftime, insertontime, insertwidth, offset, relief,
		scrollregion, selectbackground, selectborderwidth, selectforeground,
		state, takefocus, width, xscrollcommand, xscrollincrement,
		yscrollcommand, yscrollincrement."""
		Widget.__init__(self, master, 'canvas', cnf, kw)
	def addtag(self, *args):
		"""Internal function."""
		self.tk.call((self._w, 'addtag') + args)
	def addtag_above(self, newtag, tagOrId):
		"""Add tag NEWTAG to all items above TAGORID."""
		self.addtag(newtag, 'above', tagOrId)
	def addtag_all(self, newtag):
		"""Add tag NEWTAG to all items."""
		self.addtag(newtag, 'all')
	def addtag_below(self, newtag, tagOrId):
		"""Add tag NEWTAG to all items below TAGORID."""
		self.addtag(newtag, 'below', tagOrId)
	def addtag_closest(self, newtag, x, y, halo=None, start=None):
		"""Add tag NEWTAG to item which is closest to pixel at X, Y.
		If several match take the top-most.
		All items closer than HALO are considered overlapping (all are
		closests). If START is specified the next below this tag is taken."""
		self.addtag(newtag, 'closest', x, y, halo, start)
	def addtag_enclosed(self, newtag, x1, y1, x2, y2):
		"""Add tag NEWTAG to all items in the rectangle defined
		by X1,Y1,X2,Y2."""
		self.addtag(newtag, 'enclosed', x1, y1, x2, y2)
	def addtag_overlapping(self, newtag, x1, y1, x2, y2):
		"""Add tag NEWTAG to all items which overlap the rectangle
		defined by X1,Y1,X2,Y2."""
		self.addtag(newtag, 'overlapping', x1, y1, x2, y2)
	def addtag_withtag(self, newtag, tagOrId):
		"""Add tag NEWTAG to all items with TAGORID."""
		self.addtag(newtag, 'withtag', tagOrId)
	def bbox(self, *args):
		"""Return a tuple of X1,Y1,X2,Y2 coordinates for a rectangle
		which encloses all items with tags specified as arguments."""
		return self._getints(
			self.tk.call((self._w, 'bbox') + args)) or None
	def tag_unbind(self, tagOrId, sequence, funcid=None):
		"""Unbind for all items with TAGORID for event SEQUENCE  the
		function identified with FUNCID."""
		self.tk.call(self._w, 'bind', tagOrId, sequence, '')
		if funcid:
			self.deletecommand(funcid)
	def tag_bind(self, tagOrId, sequence=None, func=None, add=None):
		"""Bind to all items with TAGORID at event SEQUENCE a call to function FUNC.

		An additional boolean parameter ADD specifies whether FUNC will be
		called additionally to the other bound function or whether it will
		replace the previous function. See bind for the return value."""
		return self._bind((self._w, 'bind', tagOrId),
				  sequence, func, add)
	def canvasx(self, screenx, gridspacing=None):
		"""Return the canvas x coordinate of pixel position SCREENX rounded
		to nearest muliple of GRIDSPACING units."""
		return getdouble(self.tk.call(
			self._w, 'canvasx', screenx, gridspacing))
	def canvasy(self, screeny, gridspacing=None):
		"""Return the canvas y coordinate of pixel position SCREENY rounded
		to nearest muliple of GRIDSPACING units."""
		return getdouble(self.tk.call(
			self._w, 'canvasy', screeny, gridspacing))
	def coords(self, *args):
		"""Return a list of coordinates for the item given in ARGS."""
		# XXX Should use _flatten on args
		return map(getdouble,
                           self.tk.splitlist(
				   self.tk.call((self._w, 'coords') + args)))
	def _create(self, itemType, args, kw): # Args: (val, val, ..., cnf={})
		"""Internal function."""
		args = _flatten(args)
		cnf = args[-1]
		if type(cnf) in (DictionaryType, TupleType):
			args = args[:-1]
		else:
			cnf = {}
		return getint(apply(
			self.tk.call,
			(self._w, 'create', itemType) 
			+ args + self._options(cnf, kw)))
	def create_arc(self, *args, **kw):
		"""Create arc shaped region with coordinates x1,y1,x2,y2."""
		return self._create('arc', args, kw)
	def create_bitmap(self, *args, **kw):
		"""Create bitmap with coordinates x1,y1."""
		return self._create('bitmap', args, kw)
	def create_image(self, *args, **kw):
		"""Create image item with coordinates x1,y1."""
		return self._create('image', args, kw)
	def create_line(self, *args, **kw):
		"""Create line with coordinates x1,y1,...,xn,yn."""
		return self._create('line', args, kw)
	def create_oval(self, *args, **kw):
		"""Create oval with coordinates x1,y1,x2,y2."""
		return self._create('oval', args, kw)
	def create_polygon(self, *args, **kw):
		"""Create polygon with coordinates x1,y1,...,xn,yn."""
		return self._create('polygon', args, kw)
	def create_rectangle(self, *args, **kw):
		"""Create rectangle with coordinates x1,y1,x2,y2."""
		return self._create('rectangle', args, kw)
	def create_text(self, *args, **kw):
		"""Create text with coordinates x1,y1."""
		return self._create('text', args, kw)
	def create_window(self, *args, **kw):
		"""Create window with coordinates x1,y1,x2,y2."""
		return self._create('window', args, kw)
	def dchars(self, *args):
		"""Delete characters of text items identified by tag or id in ARGS (possibly
		several times) from FIRST to LAST character (including)."""
		self.tk.call((self._w, 'dchars') + args)
	def delete(self, *args):
		"""Delete items identified by all tag or ids contained in ARGS."""
		self.tk.call((self._w, 'delete') + args)
	def dtag(self, *args):
		"""Delete tag or id given as last arguments in ARGS from items
		identified by first argument in ARGS."""
		self.tk.call((self._w, 'dtag') + args)
	def find(self, *args):
		"""Internal function."""
		return self._getints(
			self.tk.call((self._w, 'find') + args)) or ()
	def find_above(self, tagOrId):
		"""Return items above TAGORID."""
		return self.find('above', tagOrId)
	def find_all(self):
		"""Return all items."""
		return self.find('all')
	def find_below(self, tagOrId):
		"""Return all items below TAGORID."""
		return self.find('below', tagOrId)
	def find_closest(self, x, y, halo=None, start=None):
		"""Return item which is closest to pixel at X, Y.
		If several match take the top-most.
		All items closer than HALO are considered overlapping (all are
		closests). If START is specified the next below this tag is taken."""
		return self.find('closest', x, y, halo, start)
	def find_enclosed(self, x1, y1, x2, y2):
		"""Return all items in rectangle defined
		by X1,Y1,X2,Y2."""
		return self.find('enclosed', x1, y1, x2, y2)
	def find_overlapping(self, x1, y1, x2, y2):
		"""Return all items which overlap the rectangle
		defined by X1,Y1,X2,Y2."""
		return self.find('overlapping', x1, y1, x2, y2)
	def find_withtag(self, tagOrId):
		"""Return all items with TAGORID."""
		return self.find('withtag', tagOrId)
	def focus(self, *args):
		"""Set focus to the first item specified in ARGS."""
		return self.tk.call((self._w, 'focus') + args)
	def gettags(self, *args):
		"""Return tags associated with the first item specified in ARGS."""
		return self.tk.splitlist(
			self.tk.call((self._w, 'gettags') + args))
	def icursor(self, *args):
		"""Set cursor at position POS in the item identified by TAGORID.
		In ARGS TAGORID must be first."""
		self.tk.call((self._w, 'icursor') + args)
	def index(self, *args):
		"""Return position of cursor as integer in item specified in ARGS."""
		return getint(self.tk.call((self._w, 'index') + args))
	def insert(self, *args):
		"""Insert TEXT in item TAGORID at position POS. ARGS must
		be TAGORID POS TEXT."""
		self.tk.call((self._w, 'insert') + args)
	def itemcget(self, tagOrId, option):
		"""Return the resource value for an OPTION for item TAGORID."""
		return self.tk.call(
			(self._w, 'itemcget') + (tagOrId, '-'+option))
	def itemconfigure(self, tagOrId, cnf=None, **kw):
		"""Configure resources of an item TAGORID.

		The values for resources are specified as keyword
		arguments. To get an overview about
		the allowed keyword arguments call the method without arguments.
		"""
		if cnf is None and not kw:
			cnf = {}
			for x in self.tk.split(
				self.tk.call(self._w,
					     'itemconfigure', tagOrId)):
				cnf[x[0][1:]] = (x[0][1:],) + x[1:]
			return cnf
		if type(cnf) == StringType and not kw:
			x = self.tk.split(self.tk.call(
				self._w, 'itemconfigure', tagOrId, '-'+cnf))
			return (x[0][1:],) + x[1:]
		self.tk.call((self._w, 'itemconfigure', tagOrId) +
			     self._options(cnf, kw))
	itemconfig = itemconfigure
	# lower, tkraise/lift hide Misc.lower, Misc.tkraise/lift,
	# so the preferred name for them is tag_lower, tag_raise
	# (similar to tag_bind, and similar to the Text widget);
	# unfortunately can't delete the old ones yet (maybe in 1.6)
	def tag_lower(self, *args):
		"""Lower an item TAGORID given in ARGS
		(optional below another item)."""
		self.tk.call((self._w, 'lower') + args)
	lower = tag_lower
	def move(self, *args):
		"""Move an item TAGORID given in ARGS."""
		self.tk.call((self._w, 'move') + args)
	def postscript(self, cnf={}, **kw):
		"""Print the contents of the canvas to a postscript
		file. Valid options: colormap, colormode, file, fontmap,
		height, pageanchor, pageheight, pagewidth, pagex, pagey,
		rotate, witdh, x, y."""
		return self.tk.call((self._w, 'postscript') +
				    self._options(cnf, kw))
	def tag_raise(self, *args):
		"""Raise an item TAGORID given in ARGS
		(optional above another item)."""
		self.tk.call((self._w, 'raise') + args)
	lift = tkraise = tag_raise
	def scale(self, *args):
		"""Scale item TAGORID with XORIGIN, YORIGIN, XSCALE, YSCALE."""
		self.tk.call((self._w, 'scale') + args)
	def scan_mark(self, x, y):
		"""Remember the current X, Y coordinates."""
		self.tk.call(self._w, 'scan', 'mark', x, y)
	def scan_dragto(self, x, y):
		"""Adjust the view of the canvas to 10 times the
		difference between X and Y and the coordinates given in
		scan_mark."""
		self.tk.call(self._w, 'scan', 'dragto', x, y)
	def select_adjust(self, tagOrId, index):
		"""Adjust the end of the selection near the cursor of an item TAGORID to index."""
		self.tk.call(self._w, 'select', 'adjust', tagOrId, index)
	def select_clear(self):
		"""Clear the selection if it is in this widget."""
		self.tk.call(self._w, 'select', 'clear')
	def select_from(self, tagOrId, index):
		"""Set the fixed end of a selection in item TAGORID to INDEX."""
		self.tk.call(self._w, 'select', 'from', tagOrId, index)
	def select_item(self):
		"""Return the item which has the selection."""
		self.tk.call(self._w, 'select', 'item')
	def select_to(self, tagOrId, index):
		"""Set the variable end of a selection in item TAGORID to INDEX."""
		self.tk.call(self._w, 'select', 'to', tagOrId, index)
	def type(self, tagOrId):
		"""Return the type of the item TAGORID."""
		return self.tk.call(self._w, 'type', tagOrId) or None
	def xview(self, *args):
		"""Query and change horizontal position of the view."""
		if not args:
			return self._getdoubles(self.tk.call(self._w, 'xview'))
		self.tk.call((self._w, 'xview') + args)
	def xview_moveto(self, fraction):
		"""Adjusts the view in the window so that FRACTION of the
		total width of the canvas is off-screen to the left."""
		self.tk.call(self._w, 'xview', 'moveto', fraction)
	def xview_scroll(self, number, what):
		"""Shift the x-view according to NUMBER which is measured in "units" or "pages" (WHAT)."""
		self.tk.call(self._w, 'xview', 'scroll', number, what)
	def yview(self, *args):
		"""Query and change vertical position of the view."""
		if not args:
			return self._getdoubles(self.tk.call(self._w, 'yview'))
		self.tk.call((self._w, 'yview') + args)
	def yview_moveto(self, fraction):
		"""Adjusts the view in the window so that FRACTION of the
		total height of the canvas is off-screen to the top."""
		self.tk.call(self._w, 'yview', 'moveto', fraction)
	def yview_scroll(self, number, what):
		"""Shift the y-view according to NUMBER which is measured in "units" or "pages" (WHAT)."""
		self.tk.call(self._w, 'yview', 'scroll', number, what)

class Checkbutton(Widget):
	"""Checkbutton widget which is either in on- or off-state."""
	def __init__(self, master=None, cnf={}, **kw):
		"""Construct a checkbutton widget with the parent MASTER.

		Valid resource names: activebackground, activeforeground, anchor,
		background, bd, bg, bitmap, borderwidth, command, cursor,
		disabledforeground, fg, font, foreground, height,
		highlightbackground, highlightcolor, highlightthickness, image,
		indicatoron, justify, offvalue, onvalue, padx, pady, relief,
		selectcolor, selectimage, state, takefocus, text, textvariable,
		underline, variable, width, wraplength.""" 
		Widget.__init__(self, master, 'checkbutton', cnf, kw)
	def deselect(self):
		"""Put the button in off-state."""
		self.tk.call(self._w, 'deselect')
	def flash(self):
		"""Flash the button."""
		self.tk.call(self._w, 'flash')
	def invoke(self):
		"""Toggle the button and invoke a command if given as resource."""
		return self.tk.call(self._w, 'invoke')
	def select(self):
		"""Put the button in on-state."""
		self.tk.call(self._w, 'select')
	def toggle(self):
		"""Toggle the button."""
		self.tk.call(self._w, 'toggle')

class Entry(Widget):
	"""Entry widget which allows to display simple text."""
	def __init__(self, master=None, cnf={}, **kw):
		"""Construct an entry widget with the parent MASTER.

		Valid resource names: background, bd, bg, borderwidth, cursor,
		exportselection, fg, font, foreground, highlightbackground,
		highlightcolor, highlightthickness, insertbackground,
		insertborderwidth, insertofftime, insertontime, insertwidth,
		invalidcommand, invcmd, justify, relief, selectbackground,
		selectborderwidth, selectforeground, show, state, takefocus,
		textvariable, validate, validatecommand, vcmd, width,
		xscrollcommand."""
		Widget.__init__(self, master, 'entry', cnf, kw)
	def delete(self, first, last=None):
		"""Delete text from FIRST to LAST (not included)."""
		self.tk.call(self._w, 'delete', first, last)
	def get(self):
		"""Return the text."""
		return self.tk.call(self._w, 'get')
	def icursor(self, index):
		"""Insert cursor at INDEX."""
		self.tk.call(self._w, 'icursor', index)
	def index(self, index):
		"""Return position of cursor."""
		return getint(self.tk.call(
			self._w, 'index', index))
	def insert(self, index, string):
		"""Insert STRING at INDEX."""
		self.tk.call(self._w, 'insert', index, string)
	def scan_mark(self, x):
		"""Remember the current X, Y coordinates."""
		self.tk.call(self._w, 'scan', 'mark', x)
	def scan_dragto(self, x):
		"""Adjust the view of the canvas to 10 times the
		difference between X and Y and the coordinates given in
		scan_mark."""
		self.tk.call(self._w, 'scan', 'dragto', x)
	def selection_adjust(self, index):
		"""Adjust the end of the selection near the cursor to INDEX."""
		self.tk.call(self._w, 'selection', 'adjust', index)
	select_adjust = selection_adjust
	def selection_clear(self):
		"""Clear the selection if it is in this widget."""
		self.tk.call(self._w, 'selection', 'clear')
	select_clear = selection_clear
	def selection_from(self, index):
		"""Set the fixed end of a selection to INDEX."""
		self.tk.call(self._w, 'selection', 'from', index)
	select_from = selection_from
	def selection_present(self):
		"""Return whether the widget has the selection."""
		return self.tk.getboolean(
			self.tk.call(self._w, 'selection', 'present'))
	select_present = selection_present
	def selection_range(self, start, end):
		"""Set the selection from START to END (not included)."""
		self.tk.call(self._w, 'selection', 'range', start, end)
	select_range = selection_range
	def selection_to(self, index):
		"""Set the variable end of a selection to INDEX."""
		self.tk.call(self._w, 'selection', 'to', index)
	select_to = selection_to
	def xview(self, index):
		"""Query and change horizontal position of the view."""
		self.tk.call(self._w, 'xview', index)
	def xview_moveto(self, fraction):
		"""Adjust the view in the window so that FRACTION of the
		total width of the entry is off-screen to the left."""
		self.tk.call(self._w, 'xview', 'moveto', fraction)
	def xview_scroll(self, number, what):
		"""Shift the x-view according to NUMBER which is measured in "units" or "pages" (WHAT)."""
		self.tk.call(self._w, 'xview', 'scroll', number, what)

class Frame(Widget):
	"""Frame widget which may contain other widgets and can have a 3D border."""
	def __init__(self, master=None, cnf={}, **kw):
		"""Construct a frame widget with the parent MASTER.

		Valid resource names: background, bd, bg, borderwidth, class,
		colormap, container, cursor, height, highlightbackground,
		highlightcolor, highlightthickness, relief, takefocus, visual, width.""" 
		cnf = _cnfmerge((cnf, kw))
		extra = ()
		if cnf.has_key('class_'):
			extra = ('-class', cnf['class_'])
			del cnf['class_']
		elif cnf.has_key('class'):
			extra = ('-class', cnf['class'])
			del cnf['class']
		Widget.__init__(self, master, 'frame', cnf, {}, extra)

class Label(Widget):
	"""Label widget which can display text and bitmaps."""
	def __init__(self, master=None, cnf={}, **kw):
		"""Construct a label widget with the parent MASTER.

		Valid resource names: anchor, background, bd, bg, bitmap,
		borderwidth, cursor, fg, font, foreground, height,
		highlightbackground, highlightcolor, highlightthickness, image,
		justify, padx, pady, relief, takefocus, text, textvariable,
		underline, width, wraplength.""" 		
		Widget.__init__(self, master, 'label', cnf, kw)

class Listbox(Widget):
	"""Listbox widget which can display a list of strings."""
	def __init__(self, master=None, cnf={}, **kw):
		"""Construct a listbox widget with the parent MASTER.

		Valid resource names: background, bd, bg, borderwidth, cursor,
		exportselection, fg, font, foreground, height, highlightbackground,
		highlightcolor, highlightthickness, relief, selectbackground,
		selectborderwidth, selectforeground, selectmode, setgrid, takefocus,
		width, xscrollcommand, yscrollcommand, listvariable."""
		Widget.__init__(self, master, 'listbox', cnf, kw)
	def activate(self, index):
		"""Activate item identified by INDEX."""
		self.tk.call(self._w, 'activate', index)
	def bbox(self, *args):
		"""Return a tuple of X1,Y1,X2,Y2 coordinates for a rectangle
		which encloses the item identified by index in ARGS."""
		return self._getints(
			self.tk.call((self._w, 'bbox') + args)) or None
	def curselection(self):
		"""Return list of indices of currently selected item."""
		# XXX Ought to apply self._getints()...
		return self.tk.splitlist(self.tk.call(
			self._w, 'curselection'))
	def delete(self, first, last=None):
		"""Delete items from FIRST to LAST (not included)."""
		self.tk.call(self._w, 'delete', first, last)
	def get(self, first, last=None):
		"""Get list of items from FIRST to LAST (not included)."""
		if last:
			return self.tk.splitlist(self.tk.call(
				self._w, 'get', first, last))
		else:
			return self.tk.call(self._w, 'get', first)
	def index(self, index):
		"""Return index of item identified with INDEX."""
		i = self.tk.call(self._w, 'index', index)
		if i == 'none': return None
		return getint(i)
	def insert(self, index, *elements):
		"""Insert ELEMENTS at INDEX."""
		self.tk.call((self._w, 'insert', index) + elements)
	def nearest(self, y):
		"""Get index of item which is nearest to y coordinate Y."""
		return getint(self.tk.call(
			self._w, 'nearest', y))
	def scan_mark(self, x, y):
		"""Remember the current X, Y coordinates."""
		self.tk.call(self._w, 'scan', 'mark', x, y)
	def scan_dragto(self, x, y):
		"""Adjust the view of the listbox to 10 times the
		difference between X and Y and the coordinates given in
		scan_mark."""
		self.tk.call(self._w, 'scan', 'dragto', x, y)
	def see(self, index):
		"""Scroll such that INDEX is visible."""
		self.tk.call(self._w, 'see', index)
	def selection_anchor(self, index):
		"""Set the fixed end oft the selection to INDEX."""
		self.tk.call(self._w, 'selection', 'anchor', index)
	select_anchor = selection_anchor
	def selection_clear(self, first, last=None):
		"""Clear the selection from FIRST to LAST (not included)."""
		self.tk.call(self._w,
			     'selection', 'clear', first, last)
	select_clear = selection_clear
	def selection_includes(self, index):
		"""Return 1 if INDEX is part of the selection."""
		return self.tk.getboolean(self.tk.call(
			self._w, 'selection', 'includes', index))
	select_includes = selection_includes
	def selection_set(self, first, last=None):
		"""Set the selection from FIRST to LAST (not included) without
		changing the currently selected elements."""
		self.tk.call(self._w, 'selection', 'set', first, last)
	select_set = selection_set
	def size(self):
		"""Return the number of elements in the listbox."""
		return getint(self.tk.call(self._w, 'size'))
	def xview(self, *what):
		"""Query and change horizontal position of the view."""
		if not what:
			return self._getdoubles(self.tk.call(self._w, 'xview'))
		self.tk.call((self._w, 'xview') + what)
	def xview_moveto(self, fraction):
		"""Adjust the view in the window so that FRACTION of the
		total width of the entry is off-screen to the left."""
		self.tk.call(self._w, 'xview', 'moveto', fraction)
	def xview_scroll(self, number, what):
		"""Shift the x-view according to NUMBER which is measured in "units" or "pages" (WHAT)."""
		self.tk.call(self._w, 'xview', 'scroll', number, what)
	def yview(self, *what):
		"""Query and change vertical position of the view."""
		if not what:
			return self._getdoubles(self.tk.call(self._w, 'yview'))
		self.tk.call((self._w, 'yview') + what)
	def yview_moveto(self, fraction):
		"""Adjust the view in the window so that FRACTION of the
		total width of the entry is off-screen to the top."""
		self.tk.call(self._w, 'yview', 'moveto', fraction)
	def yview_scroll(self, number, what):
		"""Shift the y-view according to NUMBER which is measured in "units" or "pages" (WHAT)."""
		self.tk.call(self._w, 'yview', 'scroll', number, what)

class Menu(Widget):
	"""Menu widget which allows to display menu bars, pull-down menus and pop-up menus."""
	def __init__(self, master=None, cnf={}, **kw):
		"""Construct menu widget with the parent MASTER.

		Valid resource names: activebackground, activeborderwidth,
		activeforeground, background, bd, bg, borderwidth, cursor,
		disabledforeground, fg, font, foreground, postcommand, relief,
		selectcolor, takefocus, tearoff, tearoffcommand, title, type."""
		Widget.__init__(self, master, 'menu', cnf, kw)
	def tk_bindForTraversal(self):
		pass # obsolete since Tk 4.0
	def tk_mbPost(self):
		self.tk.call('tk_mbPost', self._w)
	def tk_mbUnpost(self):
		self.tk.call('tk_mbUnpost')
	def tk_traverseToMenu(self, char):
		self.tk.call('tk_traverseToMenu', self._w, char)
	def tk_traverseWithinMenu(self, char):
		self.tk.call('tk_traverseWithinMenu', self._w, char)
	def tk_getMenuButtons(self):
		return self.tk.call('tk_getMenuButtons', self._w)
	def tk_nextMenu(self, count):
		self.tk.call('tk_nextMenu', count)
	def tk_nextMenuEntry(self, count):
		self.tk.call('tk_nextMenuEntry', count)
	def tk_invokeMenu(self):
		self.tk.call('tk_invokeMenu', self._w)
	def tk_firstMenu(self):
		self.tk.call('tk_firstMenu', self._w)
	def tk_mbButtonDown(self):
		self.tk.call('tk_mbButtonDown', self._w)
	def tk_popup(self, x, y, entry=""):
		"""Post the menu at position X,Y with entry ENTRY."""
		self.tk.call('tk_popup', self._w, x, y, entry)
	def activate(self, index):
		"""Activate entry at INDEX."""
		self.tk.call(self._w, 'activate', index)
	def add(self, itemType, cnf={}, **kw):
		"""Internal function."""
		self.tk.call((self._w, 'add', itemType) +
			     self._options(cnf, kw))
	def add_cascade(self, cnf={}, **kw):
		"""Add hierarchical menu item."""
		self.add('cascade', cnf or kw)
	def add_checkbutton(self, cnf={}, **kw):
		"""Add checkbutton menu item."""
		self.add('checkbutton', cnf or kw)
	def add_command(self, cnf={}, **kw):
		"""Add command menu item."""
		self.add('command', cnf or kw)
	def add_radiobutton(self, cnf={}, **kw):
		"""Addd radio menu item."""
		self.add('radiobutton', cnf or kw)
	def add_separator(self, cnf={}, **kw):
		"""Add separator."""
		self.add('separator', cnf or kw)
	def insert(self, index, itemType, cnf={}, **kw):
		"""Internal function."""
		self.tk.call((self._w, 'insert', index, itemType) +
			     self._options(cnf, kw))
	def insert_cascade(self, index, cnf={}, **kw):
		"""Add hierarchical menu item at INDEX."""
		self.insert(index, 'cascade', cnf or kw)
	def insert_checkbutton(self, index, cnf={}, **kw):
		"""Add checkbutton menu item at INDEX."""
		self.insert(index, 'checkbutton', cnf or kw)
	def insert_command(self, index, cnf={}, **kw):
		"""Add command menu item at INDEX."""
		self.insert(index, 'command', cnf or kw)
	def insert_radiobutton(self, index, cnf={}, **kw):
		"""Addd radio menu item at INDEX."""
		self.insert(index, 'radiobutton', cnf or kw)
	def insert_separator(self, index, cnf={}, **kw):
		"""Add separator at INDEX."""
		self.insert(index, 'separator', cnf or kw)
	def delete(self, index1, index2=None):
		"""Delete menu items between INDEX1 and INDEX2 (not included)."""
		self.tk.call(self._w, 'delete', index1, index2)
	def entrycget(self, index, option):
		"""Return the resource value of an menu item for OPTION at INDEX."""
		return self.tk.call(self._w, 'entrycget', index, '-' + option)
	def entryconfigure(self, index, cnf=None, **kw):
		"""Configure a menu item at INDEX."""
		if cnf is None and not kw:
			cnf = {}
			for x in self.tk.split(self.tk.call(
				(self._w, 'entryconfigure', index))):
				cnf[x[0][1:]] = (x[0][1:],) + x[1:]
			return cnf
		if type(cnf) == StringType and not kw:
			x = self.tk.split(self.tk.call(
				(self._w, 'entryconfigure', index, '-'+cnf)))
			return (x[0][1:],) + x[1:]
		self.tk.call((self._w, 'entryconfigure', index)
		      + self._options(cnf, kw))
	entryconfig = entryconfigure
	def index(self, index):
		"""Return the index of a menu item identified by INDEX."""
		i = self.tk.call(self._w, 'index', index)
		if i == 'none': return None
		return getint(i)
	def invoke(self, index):
		"""Invoke a menu item identified by INDEX and execute
		the associated command."""
		return self.tk.call(self._w, 'invoke', index)
	def post(self, x, y):
		"""Display a menu at position X,Y."""
		self.tk.call(self._w, 'post', x, y)
	def type(self, index):
		"""Return the type of the menu item at INDEX."""
		return self.tk.call(self._w, 'type', index)
	def unpost(self):
		"""Unmap a menu."""
		self.tk.call(self._w, 'unpost')
	def yposition(self, index):
		"""Return the y-position of the topmost pixel of the menu item at INDEX."""
		return getint(self.tk.call(
			self._w, 'yposition', index))

class Menubutton(Widget):
	"""Menubutton widget, obsolete since Tk8.0."""
	def __init__(self, master=None, cnf={}, **kw):
		Widget.__init__(self, master, 'menubutton', cnf, kw)

class Message(Widget):
	"""Message widget to display multiline text. Obsolete since Label does it too."""
	def __init__(self, master=None, cnf={}, **kw):
		Widget.__init__(self, master, 'message', cnf, kw)

class Radiobutton(Widget):
	"""Radiobutton widget which shows only one of several buttons in on-state."""
	def __init__(self, master=None, cnf={}, **kw):
		"""Construct a radiobutton widget with the parent MASTER.

		Valid resource names: activebackground, activeforeground, anchor,
		background, bd, bg, bitmap, borderwidth, command, cursor,
		disabledforeground, fg, font, foreground, height,
		highlightbackground, highlightcolor, highlightthickness, image,
		indicatoron, justify, padx, pady, relief, selectcolor, selectimage,
		state, takefocus, text, textvariable, underline, value, variable,
		width, wraplength."""
		Widget.__init__(self, master, 'radiobutton', cnf, kw)
	def deselect(self):
		"""Put the button in off-state."""

		self.tk.call(self._w, 'deselect')
	def flash(self):
		"""Flash the button."""
		self.tk.call(self._w, 'flash')
	def invoke(self):
		"""Toggle the button and invoke a command if given as resource."""
		return self.tk.call(self._w, 'invoke')
	def select(self):
		"""Put the button in on-state."""
		self.tk.call(self._w, 'select')

class Scale(Widget):
	"""Scale widget which can display a numerical scale."""
	def __init__(self, master=None, cnf={}, **kw):
		"""Construct a scale widget with the parent MASTER.

		Valid resource names: activebackground, background, bigincrement, bd,
		bg, borderwidth, command, cursor, digits, fg, font, foreground, from,
		highlightbackground, highlightcolor, highlightthickness, label,
		length, orient, relief, repeatdelay, repeatinterval, resolution,
		showvalue, sliderlength, sliderrelief, state, takefocus,
		tickinterval, to, troughcolor, variable, width.""" 		
		Widget.__init__(self, master, 'scale', cnf, kw)
	def get(self):
		"""Get the current value as integer or float."""
		value = self.tk.call(self._w, 'get')
		try:
			return getint(value)
		except ValueError:
			return getdouble(value)
	def set(self, value):
		"""Set the value to VALUE."""
		self.tk.call(self._w, 'set', value)
	def coords(self, value=None):
		"""Return a tuple (X,Y) of the point along the centerline of the
		trough that corresponds to VALUE or the current value if None is
		given."""
		
		return self._getints(self.tk.call(self._w, 'coords', value))
	def identify(self, x, y):
		"""Return where the point X,Y lies. Valid return values are "slider",
		"though1" and "though2"."""
		return self.tk.call(self._w, 'identify', x, y)

class Scrollbar(Widget):
	"""Scrollbar widget which displays a slider at a certain position."""
	def __init__(self, master=None, cnf={}, **kw):
		"""Construct a scrollbar widget with the parent MASTER.

		Valid resource names: activebackground, activerelief,
		background, bd, bg, borderwidth, command, cursor,
		elementborderwidth, highlightbackground,
		highlightcolor, highlightthickness, jump, orient,
		relief, repeatdelay, repeatinterval, takefocus,
		troughcolor, width."""
		Widget.__init__(self, master, 'scrollbar', cnf, kw)
	def activate(self, index):
		"""Display the element at INDEX with activebackground and activerelief.
		INDEX can be "arrow1","slider" or "arrow2"."""
		self.tk.call(self._w, 'activate', index)
	def delta(self, deltax, deltay):
		"""Return the fractional change of the scrollbar setting if it
		would be moved by DELTAX or DELTAY pixels."""
		return getdouble(
			self.tk.call(self._w, 'delta', deltax, deltay))
	def fraction(self, x, y):
		"""Return the fractional value which corresponds to a slider
		position of X,Y."""
		return getdouble(self.tk.call(self._w, 'fraction', x, y))
	def identify(self, x, y):
		"""Return the element under position X,Y as one of
		"arrow1","slider","arrow2" or ""."""
		return self.tk.call(self._w, 'identify', x, y)
	def get(self):
		"""Return the current fractional values (upper and lower end)
		of the slider position."""
		return self._getdoubles(self.tk.call(self._w, 'get'))
	def set(self, *args):
		"""Set the fractional values of the slider position (upper and
		lower ends as value between 0 and 1)."""
		self.tk.call((self._w, 'set') + args)

class Text(Widget):
	"""Text widget which can display text in various forms."""
	# XXX Add dump()
	def __init__(self, master=None, cnf={}, **kw):
		"""Construct a text widget with the parent MASTER.

		Valid resource names: background, bd, bg, borderwidth, cursor,
		exportselection, fg, font, foreground, height,
		highlightbackground, highlightcolor, highlightthickness,
		insertbackground, insertborderwidth, insertofftime,
		insertontime, insertwidth, padx, pady, relief,
		selectbackground, selectborderwidth, selectforeground,
		setgrid, spacing1, spacing2, spacing3, state, tabs, takefocus,
		width, wrap, xscrollcommand, yscrollcommand."""
		Widget.__init__(self, master, 'text', cnf, kw)
	def bbox(self, *args):
		"""Return a tuple of (x,y,width,heigth) which gives the bounding
		box of the visible part of the character at the index in ARGS."""
		return self._getints(
			self.tk.call((self._w, 'bbox') + args)) or None
	def tk_textSelectTo(self, index):
		self.tk.call('tk_textSelectTo', self._w, index)
	def tk_textBackspace(self):
		self.tk.call('tk_textBackspace', self._w)
	def tk_textIndexCloser(self, a, b, c):
		self.tk.call('tk_textIndexCloser', self._w, a, b, c)
	def tk_textResetAnchor(self, index):
		self.tk.call('tk_textResetAnchor', self._w, index)
	def compare(self, index1, op, index2):
		"""Return whether between index INDEX1 and index INDEX2 the
		relation OP is satisfied. OP is one of <, <=, ==, >=, >, or !=."""
		return self.tk.getboolean(self.tk.call(
			self._w, 'compare', index1, op, index2))
	def debug(self, boolean=None):
		"""Turn on the internal consistency checks of the B-Tree inside the text
		widget according to BOOLEAN."""
		return self.tk.getboolean(self.tk.call(
			self._w, 'debug', boolean))
	def delete(self, index1, index2=None):
		"""Delete the characters between INDEX1 and INDEX2 (not included)."""
		self.tk.call(self._w, 'delete', index1, index2)
	def dlineinfo(self, index):
		"""Return tuple (x,y,width,height,baseline) giving the bounding box
		and baseline position of the visible part of the line containing
		the character at INDEX."""
		return self._getints(self.tk.call(self._w, 'dlineinfo', index))
	def get(self, index1, index2=None):
		"""Return the text from INDEX1 to INDEX2 (not included)."""
		return self.tk.call(self._w, 'get', index1, index2)
	# (Image commands are new in 8.0)
	def image_cget(self, index, option):
		"""Return the value of OPTION of an embedded image at INDEX."""
		if option[:1] != "-":
			option = "-" + option
		if option[-1:] == "_":
			option = option[:-1]
		return self.tk.call(self._w, "image", "cget", index, option)
	def image_configure(self, index, cnf={}, **kw):
		"""Configure an embedded image at INDEX."""
		if not cnf and not kw:
			cnf = {}
			for x in self.tk.split(
				    self.tk.call(
					self._w, "image", "configure", index)):
				cnf[x[0][1:]] = (x[0][1:],) + x[1:]
			return cnf
		apply(self.tk.call,
		      (self._w, "image", "configure", index)
		      + self._options(cnf, kw))
	def image_create(self, index, cnf={}, **kw):
		"""Create an embedded image at INDEX."""
		return apply(self.tk.call,
			     (self._w, "image", "create", index)
			     + self._options(cnf, kw))
	def image_names(self):
		"""Return all names of embedded images in this widget."""
		return self.tk.call(self._w, "image", "names")
	def index(self, index):
		"""Return the index in the form line.char for INDEX."""
		return self.tk.call(self._w, 'index', index)
	def insert(self, index, chars, *args):
		"""Insert CHARS before the charaters at INDEX. An additional
		tag can be given in ARGS. Additional CHARS and tags can follow in ARGS."""
		self.tk.call((self._w, 'insert', index, chars) + args)
	def mark_gravity(self, markName, direction=None):
		"""Change the gravity of a mark MARKNAME to DIRECTION (LEFT or RIGHT).
		Return the current value if None is given for DIRECTION."""
		return self.tk.call(
			(self._w, 'mark', 'gravity', markName, direction))
	def mark_names(self):
		"""Return all mark names."""
		return self.tk.splitlist(self.tk.call(
			self._w, 'mark', 'names'))
	def mark_set(self, markName, index):
		"""Set mark MARKNAME before the character at INDEX."""
		self.tk.call(self._w, 'mark', 'set', markName, index)
	def mark_unset(self, *markNames):
		"""Delete all marks in MARKNAMES."""
		self.tk.call((self._w, 'mark', 'unset') + markNames)
	def mark_next(self, index):
		"""Return the name of the next mark after INDEX."""
		return self.tk.call(self._w, 'mark', 'next', index) or None
	def mark_previous(self, index):
		"""Return the name of the previous mark before INDEX."""
		return self.tk.call(self._w, 'mark', 'previous', index) or None
	def scan_mark(self, x, y):
		"""Remember the current X, Y coordinates."""
		self.tk.call(self._w, 'scan', 'mark', x, y)
	def scan_dragto(self, x, y):
		"""Adjust the view of the text to 10 times the
		difference between X and Y and the coordinates given in
		scan_mark."""
		self.tk.call(self._w, 'scan', 'dragto', x, y)
	def search(self, pattern, index, stopindex=None,
		   forwards=None, backwards=None, exact=None,
		   regexp=None, nocase=None, count=None):
		"""Search PATTERN beginning from INDEX until STOPINDEX.
		Return the index of the first character of a match or an empty string."""
		args = [self._w, 'search']
		if forwards: args.append('-forwards')
		if backwards: args.append('-backwards')
		if exact: args.append('-exact')
		if regexp: args.append('-regexp')
		if nocase: args.append('-nocase')
		if count: args.append('-count'); args.append(count)
		if pattern[0] == '-': args.append('--')
		args.append(pattern)
		args.append(index)
		if stopindex: args.append(stopindex)
		return self.tk.call(tuple(args))
	def see(self, index):
		"""Scroll such that the character at INDEX is visible."""
		self.tk.call(self._w, 'see', index)
	def tag_add(self, tagName, index1, *args):
		"""Add tag TAGNAME to all characters between INDEX1 and index2 in ARGS.
		Addtional pairs of indices may follow in ARGS."""
		self.tk.call(
			(self._w, 'tag', 'add', tagName, index1) + args)
	def tag_unbind(self, tagName, sequence, funcid=None):
		"""Unbind for all characters with TAGNAME for event SEQUENCE  the
		function identified with FUNCID."""
		self.tk.call(self._w, 'tag', 'bind', tagName, sequence, '')
		if funcid:
			self.deletecommand(funcid)
	def tag_bind(self, tagName, sequence, func, add=None):
		"""Bind to all characters with TAGNAME at event SEQUENCE a call to function FUNC.

		An additional boolean parameter ADD specifies whether FUNC will be
		called additionally to the other bound function or whether it will
		replace the previous function. See bind for the return value."""
		return self._bind((self._w, 'tag', 'bind', tagName),
				  sequence, func, add)
	def tag_cget(self, tagName, option):
		"""Return the value of OPTION for tag TAGNAME."""
		if option[:1] != '-':
			option = '-' + option
		if option[-1:] == '_':
			option = option[:-1]
		return self.tk.call(self._w, 'tag', 'cget', tagName, option)
	def tag_configure(self, tagName, cnf={}, **kw):
		"""Configure a tag TAGNAME."""
		if type(cnf) == StringType:
			x = self.tk.split(self.tk.call(
				self._w, 'tag', 'configure', tagName, '-'+cnf))
			return (x[0][1:],) + x[1:]
		self.tk.call(
		      (self._w, 'tag', 'configure', tagName)
		      + self._options(cnf, kw))
	tag_config = tag_configure
	def tag_delete(self, *tagNames):
		"""Delete all tags in TAGNAMES."""
		self.tk.call((self._w, 'tag', 'delete') + tagNames)
	def tag_lower(self, tagName, belowThis=None):
		"""Change the priority of tag TAGNAME such that it is lower
		than the priority of BELOWTHIS."""
		self.tk.call(self._w, 'tag', 'lower', tagName, belowThis)
	def tag_names(self, index=None):
		"""Return a list of all tag names."""
		return self.tk.splitlist(
			self.tk.call(self._w, 'tag', 'names', index))
	def tag_nextrange(self, tagName, index1, index2=None):
		"""Return a list of start and end index for the first sequence of
		characters between INDEX1 and INDEX2 which all have tag TAGNAME.
		The text is searched forward from INDEX1."""
		return self.tk.splitlist(self.tk.call(
			self._w, 'tag', 'nextrange', tagName, index1, index2))
	def tag_prevrange(self, tagName, index1, index2=None):
		"""Return a list of start and end index for the first sequence of
		characters between INDEX1 and INDEX2 which all have tag TAGNAME.
		The text is searched backwards from INDEX1."""
		return self.tk.splitlist(self.tk.call(
			self._w, 'tag', 'prevrange', tagName, index1, index2))
	def tag_raise(self, tagName, aboveThis=None):
		"""Change the priority of tag TAGNAME such that it is higher
		than the priority of ABOVETHIS."""
		self.tk.call(
			self._w, 'tag', 'raise', tagName, aboveThis)
	def tag_ranges(self, tagName):
		"""Return a list of ranges of text which have tag TAGNAME."""
		return self.tk.splitlist(self.tk.call(
			self._w, 'tag', 'ranges', tagName))
	def tag_remove(self, tagName, index1, index2=None):
		"""Remove tag TAGNAME from all characters between INDEX1 and INDEX2."""
		self.tk.call(
			self._w, 'tag', 'remove', tagName, index1, index2)
	def window_cget(self, index, option):
		"""Return the value of OPTION of an embedded window at INDEX."""
		if option[:1] != '-':
			option = '-' + option
		if option[-1:] == '_':
			option = option[:-1]
		return self.tk.call(self._w, 'window', 'cget', index, option)
	def window_configure(self, index, cnf={}, **kw):
		"""Configure an embedded window at INDEX."""
		if type(cnf) == StringType:
			x = self.tk.split(self.tk.call(
				self._w, 'window', 'configure',
				index, '-'+cnf))
			return (x[0][1:],) + x[1:]
		self.tk.call(
		      (self._w, 'window', 'configure', index)
		      + self._options(cnf, kw))
	window_config = window_configure
	def window_create(self, index, cnf={}, **kw):
		"""Create a window at INDEX."""
		self.tk.call(
		      (self._w, 'window', 'create', index)
		      + self._options(cnf, kw))
	def window_names(self):
		"""Return all names of embedded windows in this widget."""
		return self.tk.splitlist(
			self.tk.call(self._w, 'window', 'names'))
	def xview(self, *what):
		"""Query and change horizontal position of the view."""
		if not what:
			return self._getdoubles(self.tk.call(self._w, 'xview'))
		self.tk.call((self._w, 'xview') + what)
	def yview(self, *what):
		"""Query and change vertical position of the view."""
		if not what:
			return self._getdoubles(self.tk.call(self._w, 'yview'))
		self.tk.call((self._w, 'yview') + what)
	def yview_pickplace(self, *what):
		"""Obsolete function, use see."""
		self.tk.call((self._w, 'yview', '-pickplace') + what)

class _setit:
	"""Internal class. It wraps the command in the widget OptionMenu."""
	def __init__(self, var, value, callback=None):
		self.__value = value
		self.__var = var
		self.__callback = callback
	def __call__(self, *args):
		self.__var.set(self.__value)
		if self.__callback:
			apply(self.__callback, (self.__value,)+args)

class OptionMenu(Menubutton):
	"""OptionMenu which allows the user to select a value from a menu."""
	def __init__(self, master, variable, value, *values, **kwargs):
		"""Construct an optionmenu widget with the parent MASTER, with
		the resource textvariable set to VARIABLE, the initially selected
		value VALUE, the other menu values VALUES and an additional
		keyword argument command."""
		kw = {"borderwidth": 2, "textvariable": variable,
		      "indicatoron": 1, "relief": RAISED, "anchor": "c",
		      "highlightthickness": 2}
		Widget.__init__(self, master, "menubutton", kw)
		self.widgetName = 'tk_optionMenu'
		menu = self.__menu = Menu(self, name="menu", tearoff=0)
		self.menuname = menu._w
		# 'command' is the only supported keyword
		callback = kwargs.get('command')
		if kwargs.has_key('command'):
			del kwargs['command']
		if kwargs:
			raise TclError, 'unknown option -'+kwargs.keys()[0]
		menu.add_command(label=value,
				 command=_setit(variable, value, callback))
		for v in values:
			menu.add_command(label=v,
					 command=_setit(variable, v, callback))
		self["menu"] = menu

	def __getitem__(self, name):
		if name == 'menu':
			return self.__menu
		return Widget.__getitem__(self, name)

	def destroy(self):
		"""Destroy this widget and the associated menu."""
		Menubutton.destroy(self)
		self.__menu = None

class Image:
	"""Base class for images."""
	def __init__(self, imgtype, name=None, cnf={}, master=None, **kw):
		self.name = None
		if not master:
			master = _default_root
			if not master:
				raise RuntimeError, 'Too early to create image'
		self.tk = master.tk
		if not name:
			name = `id(self)`
			# The following is needed for systems where id(x)
			# can return a negative number, such as Linux/m68k:
			if name[0] == '-': name = '_' + name[1:]
		if kw and cnf: cnf = _cnfmerge((cnf, kw))
		elif kw: cnf = kw
		options = ()
		for k, v in cnf.items():
			if callable(v):
				v = self._register(v)
			options = options + ('-'+k, v)
		self.tk.call(('image', 'create', imgtype, name,) + options)
		self.name = name
	def __str__(self): return self.name
	def __del__(self):
		if self.name:
			try:
				self.tk.call('image', 'delete', self.name)
			except TclError:
				# May happen if the root was destroyed
				pass
	def __setitem__(self, key, value):
		self.tk.call(self.name, 'configure', '-'+key, value)
	def __getitem__(self, key):
		return self.tk.call(self.name, 'configure', '-'+key)
	def configure(self, **kw):
		"""Configure the image."""
		res = ()
		for k, v in _cnfmerge(kw).items():
			if v is not None:
				if k[-1] == '_': k = k[:-1]
				if callable(v):
					v = self._register(v)
				res = res + ('-'+k, v)
		self.tk.call((self.name, 'config') + res)
	config = configure
	def height(self):
		"""Return the height of the image."""
		return getint(
			self.tk.call('image', 'height', self.name))
	def type(self):
		"""Return the type of the imgage, e.g. "photo" or "bitmap"."""
		return self.tk.call('image', 'type', self.name)
	def width(self):
		"""Return the width of the image."""
		return getint(
			self.tk.call('image', 'width', self.name))

class PhotoImage(Image):
	"""Widget which can display colored images in GIF, PPM/PGM format."""
	def __init__(self, name=None, cnf={}, master=None, **kw):
		"""Create an image with NAME.

		Valid resource names: data, format, file, gamma, height, palette,
		width."""
		apply(Image.__init__, (self, 'photo', name, cnf, master), kw)
	def blank(self):
		"""Display a transparent image."""
		self.tk.call(self.name, 'blank')
	def cget(self, option):
		"""Return the value of OPTION."""
		return self.tk.call(self.name, 'cget', '-' + option)
	# XXX config
	def __getitem__(self, key):
		return self.tk.call(self.name, 'cget', '-' + key)
	# XXX copy -from, -to, ...?
	def copy(self):
		"""Return a new PhotoImage with the same image as this widget."""
		destImage = PhotoImage()
		self.tk.call(destImage, 'copy', self.name)
		return destImage
	def zoom(self,x,y=''):
		"""Return a new PhotoImage with the same image as this widget
		but zoom it with X and Y."""
		destImage = PhotoImage()
		if y=='': y=x
		self.tk.call(destImage, 'copy', self.name, '-zoom',x,y)
		return destImage
	def subsample(self,x,y=''):
		"""Return a new PhotoImage based on the same image as this widget
		but use only every Xth or Yth pixel."""
		destImage = PhotoImage()
		if y=='': y=x
		self.tk.call(destImage, 'copy', self.name, '-subsample',x,y)
		return destImage
	def get(self, x, y):
		"""Return the color (red, green, blue) of the pixel at X,Y."""
		return self.tk.call(self.name, 'get', x, y)
	def put(self, data, to=None):
		"""Put row formated colors to image starting from
		position TO, e.g. image.put("{red green} {blue yellow}", to=(4,6))"""
		args = (self.name, 'put', data)
		if to:
			if to[0] == '-to':
				to = to[1:]
			args = args + ('-to',) + tuple(to)
		self.tk.call(args)
	# XXX read
	def write(self, filename, format=None, from_coords=None):
		"""Write image to file FILENAME in FORMAT starting from
		position FROM_COORDS."""
		args = (self.name, 'write', filename)
		if format:
			args = args + ('-format', format)
		if from_coords:
			args = args + ('-from',) + tuple(from_coords)
		self.tk.call(args)

class BitmapImage(Image):
	"""Widget which can display a bitmap."""
	def __init__(self, name=None, cnf={}, master=None, **kw):
		"""Create a bitmap with NAME.

		Valid resource names: background, data, file, foreground, maskdata, maskfile."""
		apply(Image.__init__, (self, 'bitmap', name, cnf, master), kw)

def image_names(): return _default_root.tk.call('image', 'names')
def image_types(): return _default_root.tk.call('image', 'types')

######################################################################
# Extensions:

class Studbutton(Button):
	def __init__(self, master=None, cnf={}, **kw):
		Widget.__init__(self, master, 'studbutton', cnf, kw)
		self.bind('<Any-Enter>',       self.tkButtonEnter)
		self.bind('<Any-Leave>',       self.tkButtonLeave)
		self.bind('<1>',               self.tkButtonDown)
		self.bind('<ButtonRelease-1>', self.tkButtonUp)

class Tributton(Button):
	def __init__(self, master=None, cnf={}, **kw):
		Widget.__init__(self, master, 'tributton', cnf, kw)
		self.bind('<Any-Enter>',       self.tkButtonEnter)
		self.bind('<Any-Leave>',       self.tkButtonLeave)
		self.bind('<1>',               self.tkButtonDown)
		self.bind('<ButtonRelease-1>', self.tkButtonUp)
		self['fg']               = self['bg']
		self['activebackground'] = self['bg']

######################################################################
# Test:

def _test():
	root = Tk()
	text = "This is Tcl/Tk version %s" % TclVersion
	if TclVersion >= 8.1:
		text = text + u"\nThis should be a cedilla: \347"
	label = Label(root, text=text)
	label.pack()
	test = Button(root, text="Click me!",
		      command=lambda root=root: root.test.configure(
			      text="[%s]" % root.test['text']))
	test.pack()
	root.test = test
	quit = Button(root, text="QUIT", command=root.destroy)
	quit.pack()
	# The following three commands are needed so the window pops
	# up on top on Windows...
	root.iconify()
	root.update()
	root.deiconify()
	root.mainloop()

if __name__ == '__main__':
	_test()