mirror of https://github.com/python/cpython
294 lines
9.5 KiB
ReStructuredText
294 lines
9.5 KiB
ReStructuredText
:mod:`platform` --- Access to underlying platform's identifying data
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=====================================================================
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.. module:: platform
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:synopsis: Retrieves as much platform identifying data as possible.
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.. moduleauthor:: Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
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.. sectionauthor:: Bjorn Pettersen <bpettersen@corp.fairisaac.com>
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**Source code:** :source:`Lib/platform.py`
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--------------
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.. note::
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Specific platforms listed alphabetically, with Linux included in the Unix
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section.
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Cross Platform
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--------------
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.. function:: architecture(executable=sys.executable, bits='', linkage='')
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Queries the given executable (defaults to the Python interpreter binary) for
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various architecture information.
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Returns a tuple ``(bits, linkage)`` which contain information about the bit
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architecture and the linkage format used for the executable. Both values are
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returned as strings.
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Values that cannot be determined are returned as given by the parameter presets.
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If bits is given as ``''``, the ``sizeof(pointer)`` (or
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``sizeof(long)`` on Python version < 1.5.2) is used as indicator for the
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supported pointer size.
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The function relies on the system's :file:`file` command to do the actual work.
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This is available on most if not all Unix platforms and some non-Unix platforms
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and then only if the executable points to the Python interpreter. Reasonable
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defaults are used when the above needs are not met.
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.. note::
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On macOS (and perhaps other platforms), executable files may be
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universal files containing multiple architectures.
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To get at the "64-bitness" of the current interpreter, it is more
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reliable to query the :attr:`sys.maxsize` attribute::
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is_64bits = sys.maxsize > 2**32
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.. function:: machine()
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Returns the machine type, e.g. ``'i386'``. An empty string is returned if the
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value cannot be determined.
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.. function:: node()
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Returns the computer's network name (may not be fully qualified!). An empty
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string is returned if the value cannot be determined.
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.. function:: platform(aliased=0, terse=0)
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Returns a single string identifying the underlying platform with as much useful
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information as possible.
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The output is intended to be *human readable* rather than machine parseable. It
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may look different on different platforms and this is intended.
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If *aliased* is true, the function will use aliases for various platforms that
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report system names which differ from their common names, for example SunOS will
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be reported as Solaris. The :func:`system_alias` function is used to implement
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this.
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Setting *terse* to true causes the function to return only the absolute minimum
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information needed to identify the platform.
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.. versionchanged:: 3.8
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On macOS, the function now uses :func:`mac_ver`, if it returns a
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non-empty release string, to get the macOS version rather than the darwin
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version.
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.. function:: processor()
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Returns the (real) processor name, e.g. ``'amdk6'``.
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An empty string is returned if the value cannot be determined. Note that many
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platforms do not provide this information or simply return the same value as for
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:func:`machine`. NetBSD does this.
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.. function:: python_build()
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Returns a tuple ``(buildno, builddate)`` stating the Python build number and
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date as strings.
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.. function:: python_compiler()
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Returns a string identifying the compiler used for compiling Python.
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.. function:: python_branch()
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Returns a string identifying the Python implementation SCM branch.
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.. function:: python_implementation()
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Returns a string identifying the Python implementation. Possible return values
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are: 'CPython', 'IronPython', 'Jython', 'PyPy'.
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.. function:: python_revision()
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Returns a string identifying the Python implementation SCM revision.
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.. function:: python_version()
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Returns the Python version as string ``'major.minor.patchlevel'``.
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Note that unlike the Python ``sys.version``, the returned value will always
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include the patchlevel (it defaults to 0).
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.. function:: python_version_tuple()
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Returns the Python version as tuple ``(major, minor, patchlevel)`` of strings.
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Note that unlike the Python ``sys.version``, the returned value will always
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include the patchlevel (it defaults to ``'0'``).
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.. function:: release()
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Returns the system's release, e.g. ``'2.2.0'`` or ``'NT'`` An empty string is
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returned if the value cannot be determined.
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.. function:: system()
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Returns the system/OS name, such as ``'Linux'``, ``'Darwin'``, ``'Java'``,
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``'Windows'``. An empty string is returned if the value cannot be determined.
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.. function:: system_alias(system, release, version)
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Returns ``(system, release, version)`` aliased to common marketing names used
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for some systems. It also does some reordering of the information in some cases
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where it would otherwise cause confusion.
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.. function:: version()
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Returns the system's release version, e.g. ``'#3 on degas'``. An empty string is
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returned if the value cannot be determined.
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.. function:: uname()
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Fairly portable uname interface. Returns a :func:`~collections.namedtuple`
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containing six attributes: :attr:`system`, :attr:`node`, :attr:`release`,
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:attr:`version`, :attr:`machine`, and :attr:`processor`.
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Note that this adds a sixth attribute (:attr:`processor`) not present
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in the :func:`os.uname` result. Also, the attribute names are different
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for the first two attributes; :func:`os.uname` names them
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:attr:`sysname` and :attr:`nodename`.
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Entries which cannot be determined are set to ``''``.
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.. versionchanged:: 3.3
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Result changed from a tuple to a namedtuple.
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Java Platform
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-------------
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.. function:: java_ver(release='', vendor='', vminfo=('','',''), osinfo=('','',''))
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Version interface for Jython.
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Returns a tuple ``(release, vendor, vminfo, osinfo)`` with *vminfo* being a
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tuple ``(vm_name, vm_release, vm_vendor)`` and *osinfo* being a tuple
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``(os_name, os_version, os_arch)``. Values which cannot be determined are set to
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the defaults given as parameters (which all default to ``''``).
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Windows Platform
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----------------
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.. function:: win32_ver(release='', version='', csd='', ptype='')
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Get additional version information from the Windows Registry and return a tuple
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``(release, version, csd, ptype)`` referring to OS release, version number,
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CSD level (service pack) and OS type (multi/single processor).
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As a hint: *ptype* is ``'Uniprocessor Free'`` on single processor NT machines
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and ``'Multiprocessor Free'`` on multi processor machines. The *'Free'* refers
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to the OS version being free of debugging code. It could also state *'Checked'*
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which means the OS version uses debugging code, i.e. code that checks arguments,
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ranges, etc.
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.. function:: win32_edition()
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Returns a string representing the current Windows edition. Possible
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values include but are not limited to ``'Enterprise'``, ``'IoTUAP'``,
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``'ServerStandard'``, and ``'nanoserver'``.
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.. versionadded:: 3.8
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.. function:: win32_is_iot()
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Return ``True`` if the Windows edition returned by :func:`win32_edition`
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is recognized as an IoT edition.
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.. versionadded:: 3.8
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Mac OS Platform
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---------------
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.. function:: mac_ver(release='', versioninfo=('','',''), machine='')
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Get Mac OS version information and return it as tuple ``(release, versioninfo,
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machine)`` with *versioninfo* being a tuple ``(version, dev_stage,
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non_release_version)``.
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Entries which cannot be determined are set to ``''``. All tuple entries are
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strings.
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Unix Platforms
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--------------
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.. function:: libc_ver(executable=sys.executable, lib='', version='', chunksize=16384)
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Tries to determine the libc version against which the file executable (defaults
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to the Python interpreter) is linked. Returns a tuple of strings ``(lib,
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version)`` which default to the given parameters in case the lookup fails.
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Note that this function has intimate knowledge of how different libc versions
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add symbols to the executable is probably only usable for executables compiled
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using :program:`gcc`.
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The file is read and scanned in chunks of *chunksize* bytes.
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Linux Platforms
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---------------
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.. function:: freedesktop_os_release()
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Get operating system identification from ``os-release`` file and return
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it as a dict. The ``os-release`` file is a `freedesktop.org standard
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<https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/os-release.html>`_ and
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is available in most Linux distributions. A noticeable exception is
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Android and Android-based distributions.
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Raises :exc:`OSError` or subclass when neither ``/etc/os-release`` nor
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``/usr/lib/os-release`` can be read.
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On success, the function returns a dictionary where keys and values are
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strings. Values have their special characters like ``"`` and ``$``
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unquoted. The fields ``NAME``, ``ID``, and ``PRETTY_NAME`` are always
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defined according to the standard. All other fields are optional. Vendors
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may include additional fields.
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Note that fields like ``NAME``, ``VERSION``, and ``VARIANT`` are strings
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suitable for presentation to users. Programs should use fields like
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``ID``, ``ID_LIKE``, ``VERSION_ID``, or ``VARIANT_ID`` to identify
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Linux distributions.
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Example::
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def get_like_distro():
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info = platform.freedesktop_os_release()
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ids = [info["ID"]]
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if "ID_LIKE" in info:
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# ids are space separated and ordered by precedence
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ids.extend(info["ID_LIKE"].split())
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return ids
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.. versionadded:: 3.10
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