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cpython/Lib/tkinter/__init__.py

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"""Wrapper functions for Tcl/Tk.
Tkinter provides classes which allow the display, positioning and
control of widgets. Toplevel widgets are Tk and Toplevel. Other
widgets are Frame, Label, Entry, Text, Canvas, Button, Radiobutton,
Checkbutton, Scale, Listbox, Scrollbar, OptionMenu, Spinbox
LabelFrame and PanedWindow.
Properties of the widgets are specified with keyword arguments.
Keyword arguments have the same name as the corresponding resource
under Tk.
Widgets are positioned with one of the geometry managers Place, Pack
or Grid. These managers can be called with methods place, pack, grid
available in every Widget.
Actions are bound to events by resources (e.g. keyword argument
command) or with the method bind.
Example (Hello, World):
import tkinter
from tkinter.constants import *
tk = tkinter.Tk()
frame = tkinter.Frame(tk, relief=RIDGE, borderwidth=2)
frame.pack(fill=BOTH,expand=1)
label = tkinter.Label(frame, text="Hello, World")
label.pack(fill=X, expand=1)
button = tkinter.Button(frame,text="Exit",command=tk.destroy)
button.pack(side=BOTTOM)
tk.mainloop()
"""
import collections
import enum
import sys
import types
import _tkinter # If this fails your Python may not be configured for Tk
TclError = _tkinter.TclError
from tkinter.constants import *
import re
wantobjects = 1
TkVersion = float(_tkinter.TK_VERSION)
TclVersion = float(_tkinter.TCL_VERSION)
READABLE = _tkinter.READABLE
WRITABLE = _tkinter.WRITABLE
EXCEPTION = _tkinter.EXCEPTION
_magic_re = re.compile(r'([\\{}])')
_space_re = re.compile(r'([\s])', re.ASCII)
def _join(value):
"""Internal function."""
return ' '.join(map(_stringify, value))
def _stringify(value):
"""Internal function."""
if isinstance(value, (list, tuple)):
if len(value) == 1:
value = _stringify(value[0])
if _magic_re.search(value):
value = '{%s}' % value
else:
value = '{%s}' % _join(value)
else:
value = str(value)
if not value:
value = '{}'
elif _magic_re.search(value):
# add '\' before special characters and spaces
value = _magic_re.sub(r'\\\1', value)
value = value.replace('\n', r'\n')
value = _space_re.sub(r'\\\1', value)
if value[0] == '"':
value = '\\' + value
elif value[0] == '"' or _space_re.search(value):
value = '{%s}' % value
return value
def _flatten(seq):
"""Internal function."""
res = ()
for item in seq:
if isinstance(item, (tuple, list)):
res = res + _flatten(item)
elif item is not None:
res = res + (item,)
return res
try: _flatten = _tkinter._flatten
except AttributeError: pass
def _cnfmerge(cnfs):
"""Internal function."""
if isinstance(cnfs, dict):
return cnfs
elif isinstance(cnfs, (type(None), str)):
return cnfs
else:
cnf = {}
for c in _flatten(cnfs):
try:
cnf.update(c)
except (AttributeError, TypeError) as msg:
print("_cnfmerge: fallback due to:", msg)
for k, v in c.items():
cnf[k] = v
return cnf
try: _cnfmerge = _tkinter._cnfmerge
except AttributeError: pass
def _splitdict(tk, v, cut_minus=True, conv=None):
"""Return a properly formatted dict built from Tcl list pairs.
If cut_minus is True, the supposed '-' prefix will be removed from
keys. If conv is specified, it is used to convert values.
Tcl list is expected to contain an even number of elements.
"""
t = tk.splitlist(v)
if len(t) % 2:
raise RuntimeError('Tcl list representing a dict is expected '
'to contain an even number of elements')
it = iter(t)
dict = {}
for key, value in zip(it, it):
key = str(key)
if cut_minus and key[0] == '-':
key = key[1:]
if conv:
value = conv(value)
dict[key] = value
return dict
class _VersionInfoType(collections.namedtuple('_VersionInfoType',
('major', 'minor', 'micro', 'releaselevel', 'serial'))):
def __str__(self):
if self.releaselevel == 'final':
return f'{self.major}.{self.minor}.{self.micro}'
else:
return f'{self.major}.{self.minor}{self.releaselevel[0]}{self.serial}'
def _parse_version(version):
import re
m = re.fullmatch(r'(\d+)\.(\d+)([ab.])(\d+)', version)
major, minor, releaselevel, serial = m.groups()
major, minor, serial = int(major), int(minor), int(serial)
if releaselevel == '.':
micro = serial
serial = 0
releaselevel = 'final'
else:
micro = 0
releaselevel = {'a': 'alpha', 'b': 'beta'}[releaselevel]
return _VersionInfoType(major, minor, micro, releaselevel, serial)
@enum._simple_enum(enum.StrEnum)
class EventType:
KeyPress = '2'
Key = KeyPress
KeyRelease = '3'
ButtonPress = '4'
Button = ButtonPress
ButtonRelease = '5'
Motion = '6'
Enter = '7'
Leave = '8'
FocusIn = '9'
FocusOut = '10'
Keymap = '11' # undocumented
Expose = '12'
GraphicsExpose = '13' # undocumented
NoExpose = '14' # undocumented
Visibility = '15'
Create = '16'
Destroy = '17'
Unmap = '18'
Map = '19'
MapRequest = '20'
Reparent = '21'
Configure = '22'
ConfigureRequest = '23'
Gravity = '24'
ResizeRequest = '25'
Circulate = '26'
CirculateRequest = '27'
Property = '28'
SelectionClear = '29' # undocumented
SelectionRequest = '30' # undocumented
Selection = '31' # undocumented
Colormap = '32'
ClientMessage = '33' # undocumented
Mapping = '34' # undocumented
VirtualEvent = '35' # undocumented
Activate = '36'
Deactivate = '37'
MouseWheel = '38'
class Event:
"""Container for the properties of an event.
Instances of this type are generated if one of the following events occurs:
KeyPress, KeyRelease - for keyboard events
ButtonPress, ButtonRelease, Motion, Enter, Leave, MouseWheel - for mouse events
Visibility, Unmap, Map, Expose, FocusIn, FocusOut, Circulate,
Colormap, Gravity, Reparent, Property, Destroy, Activate,
Deactivate - for window events.
If a callback function for one of these events is registered
using bind, bind_all, bind_class, or tag_bind, the callback is
called with an Event as first argument. It will have the
following attributes (in braces are the event types for which
the attribute is valid):
serial - serial number of event
num - mouse button pressed (ButtonPress, ButtonRelease)
focus - whether the window has the focus (Enter, Leave)
height - height of the exposed window (Configure, Expose)
width - width of the exposed window (Configure, Expose)
keycode - keycode of the pressed key (KeyPress, KeyRelease)
state - state of the event as a number (ButtonPress, ButtonRelease,
Enter, KeyPress, KeyRelease,
Leave, Motion)
state - state as a string (Visibility)
time - when the event occurred
x - x-position of the mouse
y - y-position of the mouse
x_root - x-position of the mouse on the screen
(ButtonPress, ButtonRelease, KeyPress, KeyRelease, Motion)
y_root - y-position of the mouse on the screen
(ButtonPress, ButtonRelease, KeyPress, KeyRelease, Motion)
char - pressed character (KeyPress, KeyRelease)
send_event - see X/Windows documentation
keysym - keysym of the event as a string (KeyPress, KeyRelease)
keysym_num - keysym of the event as a number (KeyPress, KeyRelease)
type - type of the event as a number
widget - widget in which the event occurred
delta - delta of wheel movement (MouseWheel)
"""
def __repr__(self):
attrs = {k: v for k, v in self.__dict__.items() if v != '??'}
if not self.char:
del attrs['char']
elif self.char != '??':
attrs['char'] = repr(self.char)
if not getattr(self, 'send_event', True):
del attrs['send_event']
if self.state == 0:
del attrs['state']
elif isinstance(self.state, int):
state = self.state
mods = ('Shift', 'Lock', 'Control',
'Mod1', 'Mod2', 'Mod3', 'Mod4', 'Mod5',
'Button1', 'Button2', 'Button3', 'Button4', 'Button5')
s = []
for i, n in enumerate(mods):
if state & (1 << i):
s.append(n)
state = state & ~((1<< len(mods)) - 1)
if state or not s:
s.append(hex(state))
attrs['state'] = '|'.join(s)
if self.delta == 0:
del attrs['delta']
# widget usually is known
# serial and time are not very interesting
# keysym_num duplicates keysym
# x_root and y_root mostly duplicate x and y
keys = ('send_event',
'state', 'keysym', 'keycode', 'char',
'num', 'delta', 'focus',
'x', 'y', 'width', 'height')
return '<%s event%s>' % (
getattr(self.type, 'name', self.type),
''.join(' %s=%s' % (k, attrs[k]) for k in keys if k in attrs)
)
_support_default_root = True
_default_root = None
def NoDefaultRoot():
"""Inhibit setting of default root window.
Call this function to inhibit that the first instance of
Tk is used for windows without an explicit parent window.
"""
global _support_default_root, _default_root
_support_default_root = False
# Delete, so any use of _default_root will immediately raise an exception.
# Rebind before deletion, so repeated calls will not fail.
_default_root = None
del _default_root
def _get_default_root(what=None):
if not _support_default_root:
raise RuntimeError("No master specified and tkinter is "
"configured to not support default root")
if _default_root is None:
if what:
raise RuntimeError(f"Too early to {what}: no default root window")
root = Tk()
assert _default_root is root
return _default_root
def _get_temp_root():
global _support_default_root
if not _support_default_root:
raise RuntimeError("No master specified and tkinter is "
"configured to not support default root")
root = _default_root
if root is None:
assert _support_default_root
_support_default_root = False
root = Tk()
_support_default_root = True
assert _default_root is None
root.withdraw()
root._temporary = True
return root
def _destroy_temp_root(master):
if getattr(master, '_temporary', False):
try:
master.destroy()
except TclError:
pass
def _tkerror(err):
"""Internal function."""
pass
def _exit(code=0):
"""Internal function. Calling it will raise the exception SystemExit."""
try:
code = int(code)
except ValueError:
pass
raise SystemExit(code)
_varnum = 0
class Variable:
"""Class to define value holders for e.g. buttons.
Subclasses StringVar, IntVar, DoubleVar, BooleanVar are specializations
that constrain the type of the value returned from get()."""
_default = ""
_tk = None
_tclCommands = None
def __init__(self, master=None, value=None, name=None):
"""Construct a variable
MASTER can be given as master widget.
VALUE is an optional value (defaults to "")
NAME is an optional Tcl name (defaults to PY_VARnum).
If NAME matches an existing variable and VALUE is omitted
then the existing value is retained.
"""
# check for type of NAME parameter to override weird error message
# raised from Modules/_tkinter.c:SetVar like:
# TypeError: setvar() takes exactly 3 arguments (2 given)
if name is not None and not isinstance(name, str):
raise TypeError("name must be a string")
global _varnum
if master is None:
master = _get_default_root('create variable')
self._root = master._root()
self._tk = master.tk
if name:
self._name = name
else:
self._name = 'PY_VAR' + repr(_varnum)
_varnum += 1
if value is not None:
self.initialize(value)
elif not self._tk.getboolean(self._tk.call("info", "exists", self._name)):
self.initialize(self._default)
def __del__(self):
"""Unset the variable in Tcl."""
if self._tk is None:
return
if self._tk.getboolean(self._tk.call("info", "exists", self._name)):
self._tk.globalunsetvar(self._name)
if self._tclCommands is not None:
for name in self._tclCommands:
#print '- Tkinter: deleted command', name
self._tk.deletecommand(name)
self._tclCommands = None
def __str__(self):
"""Return the name of the variable in Tcl."""
return self._name
def set(self, value):
"""Set the variable to VALUE."""
return self._tk.globalsetvar(self._name, value)
initialize = set
def get(self):
"""Return value of variable."""
return self._tk.globalgetvar(self._name)
def _register(self, callback):
f = CallWrapper(callback, None, self._root).__call__
cbname = repr(id(f))
try:
callback = callback.__func__
except AttributeError:
pass
try:
cbname = cbname + callback.__name__
except AttributeError:
pass
self._tk.createcommand(cbname, f)
if self._tclCommands is None:
self._tclCommands = []
self._tclCommands.append(cbname)
return cbname
def trace_add(self, mode, callback):
"""Define a trace callback for the variable.
Mode is one of "read", "write", "unset", or a list or tuple of
such strings.
Callback must be a function which is called when the variable is
read, written or unset.
Return the name of the callback.
"""
cbname = self._register(callback)
self._tk.call('trace', 'add', 'variable',
self._name, mode, (cbname,))
return cbname
def trace_remove(self, mode, cbname):
"""Delete the trace callback for a variable.
Mode is one of "read", "write", "unset" or a list or tuple of
such strings. Must be same as were specified in trace_add().
cbname is the name of the callback returned from trace_add().
"""
self._tk.call('trace', 'remove', 'variable',
self._name, mode, cbname)
for m, ca in self.trace_info():
if self._tk.splitlist(ca)[0] == cbname:
break
else:
self._tk.deletecommand(cbname)
try:
self._tclCommands.remove(cbname)
except ValueError:
pass
def trace_info(self):
"""Return all trace callback information."""
splitlist = self._tk.splitlist
return [(splitlist(k), v) for k, v in map(splitlist,
splitlist(self._tk.call('trace', 'info', 'variable', self._name)))]
def trace_variable(self, mode, callback):
"""Define a trace callback for the variable.
MODE is one of "r", "w", "u" for read, write, undefine.
CALLBACK must be a function which is called when
the variable is read, written or undefined.
Return the name of the callback.
This deprecated method wraps a deprecated Tcl method that will
likely be removed in the future. Use trace_add() instead.
"""
# TODO: Add deprecation warning
cbname = self._register(callback)
self._tk.call("trace", "variable", self._name, mode, cbname)
return cbname
trace = trace_variable
def trace_vdelete(self, mode, cbname):
"""Delete the trace callback for a variable.
MODE is one of "r", "w", "u" for read, write, undefine.
CBNAME is the name of the callback returned from trace_variable or trace.
This deprecated method wraps a deprecated Tcl method that will
likely be removed in the future. Use trace_remove() instead.
"""
# TODO: Add deprecation warning
self._tk.call("trace", "vdelete", self._name, mode, cbname)
cbname = self._tk.splitlist(cbname)[0]
for m, ca in self.trace_info():
if self._tk.splitlist(ca)[0] == cbname:
break
else:
self._tk.deletecommand(cbname)
try:
self._tclCommands.remove(cbname)
except ValueError:
pass
def trace_vinfo(self):
"""Return all trace callback information.
This deprecated method wraps a deprecated Tcl method that will
likely be removed in the future. Use trace_info() instead.
"""
# TODO: Add deprecation warning
return [self._tk.splitlist(x) for x in self._tk.splitlist(
self._tk.call("trace", "vinfo", self._name))]
def __eq__(self, other):
if not isinstance(other, Variable):
return NotImplemented
return (self._name == other._name
and self.__class__.__name__ == other.__class__.__name__
and self._tk == other._tk)
class StringVar(Variable):
"""Value holder for strings variables."""
_default = ""
def __init__(self, master=None, value=None, name=None):
"""Construct a string variable.
MASTER can be given as master widget.
VALUE is an optional value (defaults to "")
NAME is an optional Tcl name (defaults to PY_VARnum).
If NAME matches an existing variable and VALUE is omitted
then the existing value is retained.
"""
Variable.__init__(self, master, value, name)
def get(self):
"""Return value of variable as string."""
value = self._tk.globalgetvar(self._name)
if isinstance(value, str):
return value
return str(value)
class IntVar(Variable):
"""Value holder for integer variables."""
_default = 0
def __init__(self, master=None, value=None, name=None):
"""Construct an integer variable.
MASTER can be given as master widget.
VALUE is an optional value (defaults to 0)
NAME is an optional Tcl name (defaults to PY_VARnum).
If NAME matches an existing variable and VALUE is omitted
then the existing value is retained.
"""
Variable.__init__(self, master, value, name)
def get(self):
"""Return the value of the variable as an integer."""
value = self._tk.globalgetvar(self._name)
try:
return self._tk.getint(value)
except (TypeError, TclError):
return int(self._tk.getdouble(value))
class DoubleVar(Variable):
"""Value holder for float variables."""
_default = 0.0
def __init__(self, master=None, value=None, name=None):
"""Construct a float variable.
MASTER can be given as master widget.
VALUE is an optional value (defaults to 0.0)
NAME is an optional Tcl name (defaults to PY_VARnum).
If NAME matches an existing variable and VALUE is omitted
then the existing value is retained.
"""
Variable.__init__(self, master, value, name)
def get(self):
"""Return the value of the variable as a float."""
return self._tk.getdouble(self._tk.globalgetvar(self._name))
class BooleanVar(Variable):
"""Value holder for boolean variables."""
_default = False
def __init__(self, master=None, value=None, name=None):
"""Construct a boolean variable.
MASTER can be given as master widget.
VALUE is an optional value (defaults to False)
NAME is an optional Tcl name (defaults to PY_VARnum).
If NAME matches an existing variable and VALUE is omitted
then the existing value is retained.
"""
Variable.__init__(self, master, value, name)
def set(self, value):
"""Set the variable to VALUE."""
return self._tk.globalsetvar(self._name, self._tk.getboolean(value))
initialize = set
def get(self):
"""Return the value of the variable as a bool."""
try:
return self._tk.getboolean(self._tk.globalgetvar(self._name))
except TclError:
raise ValueError("invalid literal for getboolean()")
def mainloop(n=0):
"""Run the main loop of Tcl."""
_get_default_root('run the main loop').tk.mainloop(n)
getint = int
getdouble = float
def getboolean(s):
"""Convert Tcl object to True or False."""
try:
return _get_default_root('use getboolean()').tk.getboolean(s)
except TclError:
raise ValueError("invalid literal for getboolean()")
# Methods defined on both toplevel and interior widgets
class Misc:
"""Internal class.
Base class which defines methods common for interior widgets."""
# used for generating child widget names
_last_child_ids = None
# XXX font command?
_tclCommands = None
def destroy(self):
"""Internal function.
Delete all Tcl commands created for
this widget in the Tcl interpreter."""
if self._tclCommands is not None:
for name in self._tclCommands:
#print '- Tkinter: deleted command', name
self.tk.deletecommand(name)
self._tclCommands = None
def deletecommand(self, name):
"""Internal function.
Delete the Tcl command provided in NAME."""
#print '- Tkinter: deleted command', name
self.tk.deletecommand(name)
try:
self._tclCommands.remove(name)
except ValueError:
pass
def tk_strictMotif(self, boolean=None):
"""Set Tcl internal variable, whether the look and feel
should adhere to Motif.
A parameter of 1 means adhere to Motif (e.g. no color
change if mouse passes over slider).
Returns the set value."""
return self.tk.getboolean(self.tk.call(
'set', 'tk_strictMotif', boolean))
def tk_bisque(self):
"""Change the color scheme to light brown as used in Tk 3.6 and before."""
self.tk.call('tk_bisque')
def tk_setPalette(self, *args, **kw):
"""Set a new color scheme for all widget elements.
A single color as argument will cause that all colors of Tk
widget elements are derived from this.
Alternatively several keyword parameters and its associated
colors can be given. The following keywords are valid:
activeBackground, foreground, selectColor,
activeForeground, highlightBackground, selectBackground,
background, highlightColor, selectForeground,
disabledForeground, insertBackground, troughColor."""
self.tk.call(('tk_setPalette',)
+ _flatten(args) + _flatten(list(kw.items())))
def wait_variable(self, name='PY_VAR'):
"""Wait until the variable is modified.
A parameter of type IntVar, StringVar, DoubleVar or
BooleanVar must be given."""
self.tk.call('tkwait', 'variable', name)
waitvar = wait_variable # XXX b/w compat
def wait_window(self, window=None):
"""Wait until a WIDGET is destroyed.
If no parameter is given self is used."""
if window is None:
window = self
self.tk.call('tkwait', 'window', window._w)
def wait_visibility(self, window=None):
"""Wait until the visibility of a WIDGET changes
(e.g. it appears).
If no parameter is given self is used."""
if window is None:
window = self
self.tk.call('tkwait', 'visibility', window._w)
def setvar(self, name='PY_VAR', value='1'):
"""Set Tcl variable NAME to VALUE."""
self.tk.setvar(name, value)
def getvar(self, name='PY_VAR'):
"""Return value of Tcl variable NAME."""
return self.tk.getvar(name)
def getint(self, s):
try:
return self.tk.getint(s)
except TclError as exc:
raise ValueError(str(exc))
def getdouble(self, s):
try:
return self.tk.getdouble(s)
except TclError as exc:
raise ValueError(str(exc))
def getboolean(self, s):
"""Return a boolean value for Tcl boolean values true and false given as parameter."""
try:
return self.tk.getboolean(s)
except TclError:
raise ValueError("invalid literal for getboolean()")
def focus_set(self):
"""Direct input focus to this widget.
If the application currently does not have the focus
this widget will get the focus if the application gets
the focus through the window manager."""
self.tk.call('focus', self._w)
focus = focus_set # XXX b/w compat?
def focus_force(self):
"""Direct input focus to this widget even if the
application does not have the focus. Use with
caution!"""
self.tk.call('focus', '-force', self._w)
def focus_get(self):
"""Return the widget which has currently the focus in the
application.
Use focus_displayof to allow working with several
displays. Return None if application does not have
the focus."""
name = self.tk.call('focus')
if name == 'none' or not name: return None
return self._nametowidget(name)
def focus_displayof(self):
"""Return the widget which has currently the focus on the
display where this widget is located.
Return None if the application does not have the focus."""
name = self.tk.call('focus', '-displayof', self._w)
if name == 'none' or not name: return None
return self._nametowidget(name)
def focus_lastfor(self):
"""Return the widget which would have the focus if top level
for this widget gets the focus from the window manager."""
name = self.tk.call('focus', '-lastfor', self._w)
if name == 'none' or not name: return None
return self._nametowidget(name)
def tk_focusFollowsMouse(self):
"""The widget under mouse will get automatically focus. Can not
be disabled easily."""
self.tk.call('tk_focusFollowsMouse')
def tk_focusNext(self):
"""Return the next widget in the focus order which follows
widget which has currently the focus.
The focus order first goes to the next child, then to
the children of the child recursively and then to the
next sibling which is higher in the stacking order. A
widget is omitted if it has the takefocus resource set
to 0."""
name = self.tk.call('tk_focusNext', self._w)
if not name: return None
return self._nametowidget(name)
def tk_focusPrev(self):
"""Return previous widget in the focus order. See tk_focusNext for details."""
name = self.tk.call('tk_focusPrev', self._w)
if not name: return None
return self._nametowidget(name)
def after(self, ms, func=None, *args):
"""Call function once after given time.
MS specifies the time in milliseconds. FUNC gives the
function which shall be called. Additional parameters
are given as parameters to the function call. Return
identifier to cancel scheduling with after_cancel."""
if func is None:
# I'd rather use time.sleep(ms*0.001)
self.tk.call('after', ms)
return None
else:
def callit():
try:
func(*args)
finally:
try:
self.deletecommand(name)
except TclError:
pass
try:
callit.__name__ = func.__name__
except AttributeError:
# Required for callable classes (bpo-44404)
callit.__name__ = type(func).__name__
name = self._register(callit)
return self.tk.call('after', ms, name)
def after_idle(self, func, *args):
"""Call FUNC once if the Tcl main loop has no event to
process.
Return an identifier to cancel the scheduling with
after_cancel."""
return self.after('idle', func, *args)
def after_cancel(self, id):
"""Cancel scheduling of function identified with ID.
Identifier returned by after or after_idle must be
given as first parameter.
"""
if not id:
raise ValueError('id must be a valid identifier returned from '
'after or after_idle')
try:
data = self.tk.call('after', 'info', id)
script = self.tk.splitlist(data)[0]
self.deletecommand(script)
except TclError:
pass
self.tk.call('after', 'cancel', id)
def after_info(self, id=None):
"""Return information about existing event handlers.
With no argument, return a tuple of the identifiers for all existing
event handlers created by the after and after_idle commands for this
interpreter. If id is supplied, it specifies an existing handler; id
must have been the return value from some previous call to after or
after_idle and it must not have triggered yet or been canceled. If the
id doesn't exist, a TclError is raised. Otherwise, the return value is
a tuple containing (script, type) where script is a reference to the
function to be called by the event handler and type is either 'idle'
or 'timer' to indicate what kind of event handler it is.
"""
return self.tk.splitlist(self.tk.call('after', 'info', id))
def bell(self, displayof=0):
"""Ring a display's bell."""
self.tk.call(('bell',) + self._displayof(displayof))
def tk_busy_cget(self, option):
"""Return the value of busy configuration option.
The widget must have been previously made busy by
tk_busy_hold(). Option may have any of the values accepted by
tk_busy_hold().
"""
return self.tk.call('tk', 'busy', 'cget', self._w, '-'+option)
busy_cget = tk_busy_cget
def tk_busy_configure(self, cnf=None, **kw):
"""Query or modify the busy configuration options.
The widget must have been previously made busy by
tk_busy_hold(). Options may have any of the values accepted by
tk_busy_hold().
Please note that the option database is referenced by the widget
name or class. For example, if a Frame widget with name "frame"
is to be made busy, the busy cursor can be specified for it by
either call:
w.option_add('*frame.busyCursor', 'gumby')
w.option_add('*Frame.BusyCursor', 'gumby')
"""
if kw:
cnf = _cnfmerge((cnf, kw))
elif cnf:
cnf = _cnfmerge(cnf)
if cnf is None:
return self._getconfigure(
'tk', 'busy', 'configure', self._w)
if isinstance(cnf, str):
return self._getconfigure1(
'tk', 'busy', 'configure', self._w, '-'+cnf)
self.tk.call('tk', 'busy', 'configure', self._w, *self._options(cnf))
busy_config = busy_configure = tk_busy_config = tk_busy_configure
def tk_busy_current(self, pattern=None):
"""Return a list of widgets that are currently busy.
If a pattern is given, only busy widgets whose path names match
a pattern are returned.
"""
return [self._nametowidget(x) for x in
self.tk.splitlist(self.tk.call(
'tk', 'busy', 'current', pattern))]
busy_current = tk_busy_current
def tk_busy_forget(self):
"""Make this widget no longer busy.
User events will again be received by the widget.
"""
self.tk.call('tk', 'busy', 'forget', self._w)
busy_forget = tk_busy_forget
def tk_busy_hold(self, **kw):
"""Make this widget appear busy.
The specified widget and its descendants will be blocked from
user interactions. Normally update() should be called
immediately afterward to insure that the hold operation is in
effect before the application starts its processing.
The only supported configuration option is:
cursor: the cursor to be displayed when the widget is made
busy.
"""
self.tk.call('tk', 'busy', 'hold', self._w, *self._options(kw))
busy = busy_hold = tk_busy = tk_busy_hold
def tk_busy_status(self):
"""Return True if the widget is busy, False otherwise."""
return self.tk.getboolean(self.tk.call(
'tk', 'busy', 'status', self._w))
busy_status = tk_busy_status
# Clipboard handling:
def clipboard_get(self, **kw):
"""Retrieve data from the clipboard on window's display.
The window keyword defaults to the root window of the Tkinter
application.
The type keyword specifies the form in which the data is
to be returned and should be an atom name such as STRING
or FILE_NAME. Type defaults to STRING, except on X11, where the default
is to try UTF8_STRING and fall back to STRING.
This command is equivalent to:
selection_get(CLIPBOARD)
"""
if 'type' not in kw and self._windowingsystem == 'x11':
try:
kw['type'] = 'UTF8_STRING'
return self.tk.call(('clipboard', 'get') + self._options(kw))
except TclError:
del kw['type']
return self.tk.call(('clipboard', 'get') + self._options(kw))
def clipboard_clear(self, **kw):
"""Clear the data in the Tk clipboard.
A widget specified for the optional displayof keyword
argument specifies the target display."""
if 'displayof' not in kw: kw['displayof'] = self._w
self.tk.call(('clipboard', 'clear') + self._options(kw))
def clipboard_append(self, string, **kw):
"""Append STRING to the Tk clipboard.
A widget specified at the optional displayof keyword
argument specifies the target display. The clipboard
can be retrieved with selection_get."""
if 'displayof' not in kw: kw['displayof'] = self._w
self.tk.call(('clipboard', 'append') + self._options(kw)
+ ('--', string))
# XXX grab current w/o window argument
def grab_current(self):
"""Return widget which has currently the grab in this application
or None."""
name = self.tk.call('grab', 'current', self._w)
if not name: return None
return self._nametowidget(name)
def grab_release(self):
"""Release grab for this widget if currently set."""
self.tk.call('grab', 'release', self._w)
def grab_set(self):
"""Set grab for this widget.
A grab directs all events to this and descendant
widgets in the application."""
self.tk.call('grab', 'set', self._w)
def grab_set_global(self):
"""Set global grab for this widget.
A global grab directs all events to this and
descendant widgets on the display. Use with caution -
other applications do not get events anymore."""
self.tk.call('grab', 'set', '-global', self._w)
def grab_status(self):
"""Return None, "local" or "global" if this widget has
no, a local or a global grab."""
status = self.tk.call('grab', 'status', self._w)
if status == 'none': status = None
return status
def option_add(self, pattern, value, priority = None):
"""Set a VALUE (second parameter) for an option
PATTERN (first parameter).
An optional third parameter gives the numeric priority
(defaults to 80)."""
self.tk.call('option', 'add', pattern, value, priority)
def option_clear(self):
"""Clear the option database.
It will be reloaded if option_add is called."""
self.tk.call('option', 'clear')
def option_get(self, name, className):
"""Return the value for an option NAME for this widget
with CLASSNAME.
Values with higher priority override lower values."""
return self.tk.call('option', 'get', self._w, name, className)
def option_readfile(self, fileName, priority = None):
"""Read file FILENAME into the option database.
An optional second parameter gives the numeric
priority."""
self.tk.call('option', 'readfile', fileName, priority)
def selection_clear(self, **kw):
"""Clear the current X selection."""
if 'displayof' not in kw: kw['displayof'] = self._w
self.tk.call(('selection', 'clear') + self._options(kw))
def selection_get(self, **kw):
"""Return the contents of the current X selection.
A keyword parameter selection specifies the name of
the selection and defaults to PRIMARY. A keyword
parameter displayof specifies a widget on the display
to use. A keyword parameter type specifies the form of data to be
fetched, defaulting to STRING except on X11, where UTF8_STRING is tried
before STRING."""
if 'displayof' not in kw: kw['displayof'] = self._w
if 'type' not in kw and self._windowingsystem == 'x11':
try:
kw['type'] = 'UTF8_STRING'
return self.tk.call(('selection', 'get') + self._options(kw))
except TclError:
del kw['type']
return self.tk.call(('selection', 'get') + self._options(kw))
def selection_handle(self, command, **kw):
"""Specify a function COMMAND to call if the X
selection owned by this widget is queried by another
application.
This function must return the contents of the
selection. The function will be called with the
arguments OFFSET and LENGTH which allows the chunking
of very long selections. The following keyword
parameters can be provided:
selection - name of the selection (default PRIMARY),
type - type of the selection (e.g. STRING, FILE_NAME)."""
name = self._register(command)
self.tk.call(('selection', 'handle') + self._options(kw)
+ (self._w, name))
def selection_own(self, **kw):
"""Become owner of X selection.
A keyword parameter selection specifies the name of
the selection (default PRIMARY)."""
self.tk.call(('selection', 'own') +
self._options(kw) + (self._w,))
def selection_own_get(self, **kw):
"""Return owner of X selection.
The following keyword parameter can
be provided:
selection - name of the selection (default PRIMARY),
type - type of the selection (e.g. STRING, FILE_NAME)."""
if 'displayof' not in kw: kw['displayof'] = self._w
name = self.tk.call(('selection', 'own') + self._options(kw))
if not name: return None
return self._nametowidget(name)
def send(self, interp, cmd, *args):
"""Send Tcl command CMD to different interpreter INTERP to be executed."""
return self.tk.call(('send', interp, cmd) + args)
def lower(self, belowThis=None):
"""Lower this widget in the stacking order."""
self.tk.call('lower', self._w, belowThis)
def tkraise(self, aboveThis=None):
"""Raise this widget in the stacking order."""
self.tk.call('raise', self._w, aboveThis)
lift = tkraise
def info_patchlevel(self):
"""Returns the exact version of the Tcl library."""
patchlevel = self.tk.call('info', 'patchlevel')
return _parse_version(patchlevel)
def winfo_atom(self, name, displayof=0):
"""Return integer which represents atom NAME."""
args = ('winfo', 'atom') + self._displayof(displayof) + (name,)
return self.tk.getint(self.tk.call(args))
def winfo_atomname(self, id, displayof=0):
"""Return name of atom with identifier ID."""
args = ('winfo', 'atomname') \
+ self._displayof(displayof) + (id,)
return self.tk.call(args)
def winfo_cells(self):
"""Return number of cells in the colormap for this widget."""
return self.tk.getint(
self.tk.call('winfo', 'cells', self._w))
def winfo_children(self):
"""Return a list of all widgets which are children of this widget."""
result = []
for child in self.tk.splitlist(
self.tk.call('winfo', 'children', self._w)):
try:
# Tcl sometimes returns extra windows, e.g. for
# menus; those need to be skipped
result.append(self._nametowidget(child))
except KeyError:
pass
return result
def winfo_class(self):
"""Return window class name of this widget."""
return self.tk.call('winfo', 'class', self._w)
def winfo_colormapfull(self):
"""Return True if at the last color request the colormap was full."""
return self.tk.getboolean(
self.tk.call('winfo', 'colormapfull', self._w))
def winfo_containing(self, rootX, rootY, displayof=0):
"""Return the widget which is at the root coordinates ROOTX, ROOTY."""
args = ('winfo', 'containing') \
+ self._displayof(displayof) + (rootX, rootY)
name = self.tk.call(args)
if not name: return None
return self._nametowidget(name)
def winfo_depth(self):
"""Return the number of bits per pixel."""
return self.tk.getint(self.tk.call('winfo', 'depth', self._w))
def winfo_exists(self):
"""Return true if this widget exists."""
return self.tk.getint(
self.tk.call('winfo', 'exists', self._w))
def winfo_fpixels(self, number):
"""Return the number of pixels for the given distance NUMBER
(e.g. "3c") as float."""
return self.tk.getdouble(self.tk.call(
'winfo', 'fpixels', self._w, number))
def winfo_geometry(self):
"""Return geometry string for this widget in the form "widthxheight+X+Y"."""
return self.tk.call('winfo', 'geometry', self._w)
def winfo_height(self):
"""Return height of this widget."""
return self.tk.getint(
self.tk.call('winfo', 'height', self._w))
def winfo_id(self):
"""Return identifier ID for this widget."""
return int(self.tk.call('winfo', 'id', self._w), 0)
def winfo_interps(self, displayof=0):
"""Return the name of all Tcl interpreters for this display."""
args = ('winfo', 'interps') + self._displayof(displayof)
return self.tk.splitlist(self.tk.call(args))
def winfo_ismapped(self):
"""Return true if this widget is mapped."""
return self.tk.getint(
self.tk.call('winfo', 'ismapped', self._w))
def winfo_manager(self):
"""Return the window manager name for this widget."""
return self.tk.call('winfo', 'manager', self._w)
def winfo_name(self):
"""Return the name of this widget."""
return self.tk.call('winfo', 'name', self._w)
def winfo_parent(self):
"""Return the name of the parent of this widget."""
return self.tk.call('winfo', 'parent', self._w)
def winfo_pathname(self, id, displayof=0):
"""Return the pathname of the widget given by ID."""
if isinstance(id, int):
id = hex(id)
args = ('winfo', 'pathname') \
+ self._displayof(displayof) + (id,)
return self.tk.call(args)
def winfo_pixels(self, number):
"""Rounded integer value of winfo_fpixels."""
return self.tk.getint(
self.tk.call('winfo', 'pixels', self._w, number))
def winfo_pointerx(self):
"""Return the x coordinate of the pointer on the root window."""
return self.tk.getint(
self.tk.call('winfo', 'pointerx', self._w))
def winfo_pointerxy(self):
"""Return a tuple of x and y coordinates of the pointer on the root window."""
return self._getints(
self.tk.call('winfo', 'pointerxy', self._w))
def winfo_pointery(self):
"""Return the y coordinate of the pointer on the root window."""
return self.tk.getint(
self.tk.call('winfo', 'pointery', self._w))
def winfo_reqheight(self):
"""Return requested height of this widget."""
return self.tk.getint(
self.tk.call('winfo', 'reqheight', self._w))
def winfo_reqwidth(self):
"""Return requested width of this widget."""
return self.tk.getint(
self.tk.call('winfo', 'reqwidth', self._w))
def winfo_rgb(self, color):
"""Return a tuple of integer RGB values in range(65536) for color in this widget."""
return self._getints(
self.tk.call('winfo', 'rgb', self._w, color))
def winfo_rootx(self):
"""Return x coordinate of upper left corner of this widget on the
root window."""
return self.tk.getint(
self.tk.call('winfo', 'rootx', self._w))
def winfo_rooty(self):
"""Return y coordinate of upper left corner of this widget on the
root window."""
return self.tk.getint(
self.tk.call('winfo', 'rooty', self._w))
def winfo_screen(self):
"""Return the screen name of this widget."""
return self.tk.call('winfo', 'screen', self._w)
def winfo_screencells(self):
"""Return the number of the cells in the colormap of the screen
of this widget."""
return self.tk.getint(
self.tk.call('winfo', 'screencells', self._w))
def winfo_screendepth(self):
"""Return the number of bits per pixel of the root window of the
screen of this widget."""
return self.tk.getint(
self.tk.call('winfo', 'screendepth', self._w))
def winfo_screenheight(self):
"""Return the number of pixels of the height of the screen of this widget
in pixel."""
return self.tk.getint(
self.tk.call('winfo', 'screenheight', self._w))
def winfo_screenmmheight(self):
"""Return the number of pixels of the height of the screen of
this widget in mm."""
return self.tk.getint(
self.tk.call('winfo', 'screenmmheight', self._w))
def winfo_screenmmwidth(self):
"""Return the number of pixels of the width of the screen of
this widget in mm."""
return self.tk.getint(
self.tk.call('winfo', 'screenmmwidth', self._w))
def winfo_screenvisual(self):
"""Return one of the strings directcolor, grayscale, pseudocolor,
staticcolor, staticgray, or truecolor for the default
colormodel of this screen."""
return self.tk.call('winfo', 'screenvisual', self._w)
def winfo_screenwidth(self):
"""Return the number of pixels of the width of the screen of
this widget in pixel."""
return self.tk.getint(
self.tk.call('winfo', 'screenwidth', self._w))
def winfo_server(self):
"""Return information of the X-Server of the screen of this widget in
the form "XmajorRminor vendor vendorVersion"."""
return self.tk.call('winfo', 'server', self._w)
def winfo_toplevel(self):
"""Return the toplevel widget of this widget."""
return self._nametowidget(self.tk.call(
'winfo', 'toplevel', self._w))
def winfo_viewable(self):
"""Return true if the widget and all its higher ancestors are mapped."""
return self.tk.getint(
self.tk.call('winfo', 'viewable', self._w))
def winfo_visual(self):
"""Return one of the strings directcolor, grayscale, pseudocolor,
staticcolor, staticgray, or truecolor for the
colormodel of this widget."""
return self.tk.call('winfo', 'visual', self._w)
def winfo_visualid(self):
"""Return the X identifier for the visual for this widget."""
return self.tk.call('winfo', 'visualid', self._w)
def winfo_visualsavailable(self, includeids=False):
"""Return a list of all visuals available for the screen
of this widget.
Each item in the list consists of a visual name (see winfo_visual), a
depth and if includeids is true is given also the X identifier."""
data = self.tk.call('winfo', 'visualsavailable', self._w,
'includeids' if includeids else None)
data = [self.tk.splitlist(x) for x in self.tk.splitlist(data)]
return [self.__winfo_parseitem(x) for x in data]
def __winfo_parseitem(self, t):
"""Internal function."""
return t[:1] + tuple(map(self.__winfo_getint, t[1:]))
def __winfo_getint(self, x):
"""Internal function."""
return int(x, 0)
def winfo_vrootheight(self):
"""Return the height of the virtual root window associated with this
widget in pixels. If there is no virtual root window return the
height of the screen."""
return self.tk.getint(
self.tk.call('winfo', 'vrootheight', self._w))
def winfo_vrootwidth(self):
"""Return the width of the virtual root window associated with this
widget in pixel. If there is no virtual root window return the
width of the screen."""
return self.tk.getint(
self.tk.call('winfo', 'vrootwidth', self._w))
def winfo_vrootx(self):
"""Return the x offset of the virtual root relative to the root
window of the screen of this widget."""
return self.tk.getint(
self.tk.call('winfo', 'vrootx', self._w))
def winfo_vrooty(self):
"""Return the y offset of the virtual root relative to the root
window of the screen of this widget."""
return self.tk.getint(
self.tk.call('winfo', 'vrooty', self._w))
def winfo_width(self):
"""Return the width of this widget."""
return self.tk.getint(
self.tk.call('winfo', 'width', self._w))
def winfo_x(self):
"""Return the x coordinate of the upper left corner of this widget
in the parent."""
return self.tk.getint(
self.tk.call('winfo', 'x', self._w))
def winfo_y(self):
"""Return the y coordinate of the upper left corner of this widget
in the parent."""
return self.tk.getint(
self.tk.call('winfo', 'y', self._w))
def update(self):
"""Enter event loop until all pending events have been processed by Tcl."""
self.tk.call('update')
def update_idletasks(self):
"""Enter event loop until all idle callbacks have been called. This
will update the display of windows but not process events caused by
the user."""
self.tk.call('update', 'idletasks')
def bindtags(self, tagList=None):
"""Set or get the list of bindtags for this widget.
With no argument return the list of all bindtags associated with
this widget. With a list of strings as argument the bindtags are
set to this list. The bindtags determine in which order events are
processed (see bind)."""
if tagList is None:
return self.tk.splitlist(
self.tk.call('bindtags', self._w))
else:
self.tk.call('bindtags', self._w, tagList)
def _bind(self, what, sequence, func, add, needcleanup=1):
"""Internal function."""
if isinstance(func, str):
self.tk.call(what + (sequence, func))
elif func:
funcid = self._register(func, self._substitute,
needcleanup)
cmd = ('%sif {"[%s %s]" == "break"} break\n'
%
(add and '+' or '',
funcid, self._subst_format_str))
self.tk.call(what + (sequence, cmd))
return funcid
elif sequence:
return self.tk.call(what + (sequence,))
else:
return self.tk.splitlist(self.tk.call(what))
def bind(self, sequence=None, func=None, add=None):
"""Bind to this widget at event SEQUENCE a call to function FUNC.
SEQUENCE is a string of concatenated event
patterns. An event pattern is of the form
<MODIFIER-MODIFIER-TYPE-DETAIL> where MODIFIER is one
of Control, Mod2, M2, Shift, Mod3, M3, Lock, Mod4, M4,
Button1, B1, Mod5, M5 Button2, B2, Meta, M, Button3,
B3, Alt, Button4, B4, Double, Button5, B5 Triple,
Mod1, M1. TYPE is one of Activate, Enter, Map,
ButtonPress, Button, Expose, Motion, ButtonRelease
FocusIn, MouseWheel, Circulate, FocusOut, Property,
Colormap, Gravity Reparent, Configure, KeyPress, Key,
Unmap, Deactivate, KeyRelease Visibility, Destroy,
Leave and DETAIL is the button number for ButtonPress,
ButtonRelease and DETAIL is the Keysym for KeyPress and
KeyRelease. Examples are
<Control-Button-1> for pressing Control and mouse button 1 or
<Alt-A> for pressing A and the Alt key (KeyPress can be omitted).
An event pattern can also be a virtual event of the form
<<AString>> where AString can be arbitrary. This
event can be generated by event_generate.
If events are concatenated they must appear shortly
after each other.
FUNC will be called if the event sequence occurs with an
instance of Event as argument. If the return value of FUNC is
"break" no further bound function is invoked.
An additional boolean parameter ADD specifies whether FUNC will
be called additionally to the other bound function or whether
it will replace the previous function.
Bind will return an identifier to allow deletion of the bound function with
unbind without memory leak.
If FUNC or SEQUENCE is omitted the bound function or list
of bound events are returned."""
return self._bind(('bind', self._w), sequence, func, add)
def unbind(self, sequence, funcid=None):
"""Unbind for this widget the event SEQUENCE.
If FUNCID is given, only unbind the function identified with FUNCID
and also delete the corresponding Tcl command.
Otherwise destroy the current binding for SEQUENCE, leaving SEQUENCE
unbound.
"""
self._unbind(('bind', self._w, sequence), funcid)
def _unbind(self, what, funcid=None):
if funcid is None:
self.tk.call(*what, '')
else:
lines = self.tk.call(what).split('\n')
prefix = f'if {{"[{funcid} '
keep = '\n'.join(line for line in lines
if not line.startswith(prefix))
if not keep.strip():
keep = ''
self.tk.call(*what, keep)
self.deletecommand(funcid)
def bind_all(self, sequence=None, func=None, add=None):
"""Bind to all widgets at an event SEQUENCE a call to function FUNC.
An additional boolean parameter ADD specifies whether FUNC will
be called additionally to the other bound function or whether
it will replace the previous function. See bind for the return value."""
return self._root()._bind(('bind', 'all'), sequence, func, add, True)
def unbind_all(self, sequence):
"""Unbind for all widgets for event SEQUENCE all functions."""
self._root()._unbind(('bind', 'all', sequence))
def bind_class(self, className, sequence=None, func=None, add=None):
"""Bind to widgets with bindtag CLASSNAME at event
SEQUENCE a call of function FUNC. An additional
boolean parameter ADD specifies whether FUNC will be
called additionally to the other bound function or
whether it will replace the previous function. See bind for
the return value."""
return self._root()._bind(('bind', className), sequence, func, add, True)
def unbind_class(self, className, sequence):
"""Unbind for all widgets with bindtag CLASSNAME for event SEQUENCE
all functions."""
self._root()._unbind(('bind', className, sequence))
def mainloop(self, n=0):
"""Call the mainloop of Tk."""
self.tk.mainloop(n)
def quit(self):
"""Quit the Tcl interpreter. All widgets will be destroyed."""
self.tk.quit()
def _getints(self, string):
"""Internal function."""
if string:
return tuple(map(self.tk.getint, self.tk.splitlist(string)))
def _getdoubles(self, string):
"""Internal function."""
if string:
return tuple(map(self.tk.getdouble, self.tk.splitlist(string)))
def _getboolean(self, string):
"""Internal function."""
if string:
return self.tk.getboolean(string)
def _displayof(self, displayof):
"""Internal function."""
if displayof:
return ('-displayof', displayof)
if displayof is None:
return ('-displayof', self._w)
return ()
@property
def _windowingsystem(self):
"""Internal function."""
try:
return self._root()._windowingsystem_cached
except AttributeError:
ws = self._root()._windowingsystem_cached = \
self.tk.call('tk', 'windowingsystem')
return ws
def _options(self, cnf, kw = None):
"""Internal function."""
if kw:
cnf = _cnfmerge((cnf, kw))
else:
cnf = _cnfmerge(cnf)
res = ()
for k, v in cnf.items():
if v is not None:
if k[-1] == '_': k = k[:-1]
if callable(v):
v = self._register(v)
elif isinstance(v, (tuple, list)):
nv = []
for item in v:
if isinstance(item, int):
nv.append(str(item))
elif isinstance(item, str):
nv.append(_stringify(item))
else:
break
else:
v = ' '.join(nv)
res = res + ('-'+k, v)
return res
def nametowidget(self, name):
"""Return the Tkinter instance of a widget identified by
its Tcl name NAME."""
name = str(name).split('.')
w = self
if not name[0]:
w = w._root()
name = name[1:]
for n in name:
if not n:
break
w = w.children[n]
return w
_nametowidget = nametowidget
def _register(self, func, subst=None, needcleanup=1):
"""Return a newly created Tcl function. If this
function is called, the Python function FUNC will
be executed. An optional function SUBST can
be given which will be executed before FUNC."""
f = CallWrapper(func, subst, self).__call__
name = repr(id(f))
try:
func = func.__func__
except AttributeError:
pass
try:
name = name + func.__name__
except AttributeError:
pass
self.tk.createcommand(name, f)
if needcleanup:
if self._tclCommands is None:
self._tclCommands = []
self._tclCommands.append(name)
return name
register = _register
def _root(self):
"""Internal function."""
w = self
while w.master is not None: w = w.master
return w
_subst_format = ('%#', '%b', '%f', '%h', '%k',
'%s', '%t', '%w', '%x', '%y',
'%A', '%E', '%K', '%N', '%W', '%T', '%X', '%Y', '%D')
_subst_format_str = " ".join(_subst_format)
def _substitute(self, *args):
"""Internal function."""
if len(args) != len(self._subst_format): return args
getboolean = self.tk.getboolean
getint = self.tk.getint
def getint_event(s):
"""Tk changed behavior in 8.4.2, returning "??" rather more often."""
try:
return getint(s)
except (ValueError, TclError):
return s
nsign, b, f, h, k, s, t, w, x, y, A, E, K, N, W, T, X, Y, D = args
# Missing: (a, c, d, m, o, v, B, R)
e = Event()
# serial field: valid for all events
# number of button: ButtonPress and ButtonRelease events only
# height field: Configure, ConfigureRequest, Create,
# ResizeRequest, and Expose events only
# keycode field: KeyPress and KeyRelease events only
# time field: "valid for events that contain a time field"
# width field: Configure, ConfigureRequest, Create, ResizeRequest,
# and Expose events only
# x field: "valid for events that contain an x field"
# y field: "valid for events that contain a y field"
# keysym as decimal: KeyPress and KeyRelease events only
# x_root, y_root fields: ButtonPress, ButtonRelease, KeyPress,
# KeyRelease, and Motion events
e.serial = getint(nsign)
e.num = getint_event(b)
try: e.focus = getboolean(f)
except TclError: pass
e.height = getint_event(h)
e.keycode = getint_event(k)
e.state = getint_event(s)
e.time = getint_event(t)
e.width = getint_event(w)
e.x = getint_event(x)
e.y = getint_event(y)
e.char = A
try: e.send_event = getboolean(E)
except TclError: pass
e.keysym = K
e.keysym_num = getint_event(N)
try:
e.type = EventType(T)
except ValueError:
e.type = T
try:
e.widget = self._nametowidget(W)
except KeyError:
e.widget = W
e.x_root = getint_event(X)
e.y_root = getint_event(Y)
try:
e.delta = getint(D)
except (ValueError, TclError):
e.delta = 0
return (e,)
def _report_exception(self):
"""Internal function."""
exc, val, tb = sys.exc_info()
root = self._root()
root.report_callback_exception(exc, val, tb)
def _getconfigure(self, *args):
"""Call Tcl configure command and return the result as a dict."""
cnf = {}
for x in self.tk.splitlist(self.tk.call(*args)):
x = self.tk.splitlist(x)
cnf[x[0][1:]] = (x[0][1:],) + x[1:]
return cnf
def _getconfigure1(self, *args):
x = self.tk.splitlist(self.tk.call(*args))
return (x[0][1:],) + x[1:]
def _configure(self, cmd, cnf, kw):
"""Internal function."""
if kw:
cnf = _cnfmerge((cnf, kw))
elif cnf:
cnf = _cnfmerge(cnf)
if cnf is None:
return self._getconfigure(_flatten((self._w, cmd)))
if isinstance(cnf, str):
return self._getconfigure1(_flatten((self._w, cmd, '-'+cnf)))
self.tk.call(_flatten((self._w, cmd)) + self._options(cnf))
# These used to be defined in Widget:
def configure(self, cnf=None, **kw):
"""Configure resources of a widget.
The values for resources are specified as keyword
arguments. To get an overview about
the allowed keyword arguments call the method keys.
"""
return self._configure('configure', cnf, kw)
config = configure
def cget(self, key):
"""Return the resource value for a KEY given as string."""
return self.tk.call(self._w, 'cget', '-' + key)
__getitem__ = cget
def __setitem__(self, key, value):
self.configure({key: value})
def keys(self):
"""Return a list of all resource names of this widget."""
splitlist = self.tk.splitlist
return [splitlist(x)[0][1:] for x in
splitlist(self.tk.call(self._w, 'configure'))]
def __str__(self):
"""Return the window path name of this widget."""
return self._w
def __repr__(self):
return '<%s.%s object %s>' % (
self.__class__.__module__, self.__class__.__qualname__, self._w)
# Pack methods that apply to the master
_noarg_ = ['_noarg_']
def pack_propagate(self, flag=_noarg_):
"""Set or get the status for propagation of geometry information.
A boolean argument specifies whether the geometry information
of the slaves will determine the size of this widget. If no argument
is given the current setting will be returned.
"""
if flag is Misc._noarg_:
return self._getboolean(self.tk.call(
'pack', 'propagate', self._w))
else:
self.tk.call('pack', 'propagate', self._w, flag)
propagate = pack_propagate
def pack_slaves(self):
"""Return a list of all slaves of this widget
in its packing order."""
return [self._nametowidget(x) for x in
self.tk.splitlist(
self.tk.call('pack', 'slaves', self._w))]
slaves = pack_slaves
# Place method that applies to the master
def place_slaves(self):
"""Return a list of all slaves of this widget
in its packing order."""
return [self._nametowidget(x) for x in
self.tk.splitlist(
self.tk.call(
'place', 'slaves', self._w))]
# Grid methods that apply to the master
def grid_anchor(self, anchor=None): # new in Tk 8.5
"""The anchor value controls how to place the grid within the
master when no row/column has any weight.
The default anchor is nw."""
self.tk.call('grid', 'anchor', self._w, anchor)
anchor = grid_anchor
def grid_bbox(self, column=None, row=None, col2=None, row2=None):
"""Return a tuple of integer coordinates for the bounding
box of this widget controlled by the geometry manager grid.
If COLUMN, ROW is given the bounding box applies from
the cell with row and column 0 to the specified
cell. If COL2 and ROW2 are given the bounding box
starts at that cell.
The returned integers specify the offset of the upper left
corner in the master widget and the width and height.
"""
args = ('grid', 'bbox', self._w)
if column is not None and row is not None:
args = args + (column, row)
if col2 is not None and row2 is not None:
args = args + (col2, row2)
return self._getints(self.tk.call(*args)) or None
bbox = grid_bbox
def _gridconvvalue(self, value):
if isinstance(value, (str, _tkinter.Tcl_Obj)):
try:
svalue = str(value)
if not svalue:
return None
elif '.' in svalue:
return self.tk.getdouble(svalue)
else:
return self.tk.getint(svalue)
except (ValueError, TclError):
pass
return value
def _grid_configure(self, command, index, cnf, kw):
"""Internal function."""
if isinstance(cnf, str) and not kw:
if cnf[-1:] == '_':
cnf = cnf[:-1]
if cnf[:1] != '-':
cnf = '-'+cnf
options = (cnf,)
else:
options = self._options(cnf, kw)
if not options:
return _splitdict(
self.tk,
self.tk.call('grid', command, self._w, index),
conv=self._gridconvvalue)
res = self.tk.call(
('grid', command, self._w, index)
+ options)
if len(options) == 1:
return self._gridconvvalue(res)
def grid_columnconfigure(self, index, cnf={}, **kw):
"""Configure column INDEX of a grid.
Valid resources are minsize (minimum size of the column),
weight (how much does additional space propagate to this column)
and pad (how much space to let additionally)."""
return self._grid_configure('columnconfigure', index, cnf, kw)
columnconfigure = grid_columnconfigure
def grid_location(self, x, y):
"""Return a tuple of column and row which identify the cell
at which the pixel at position X and Y inside the master
widget is located."""
return self._getints(
self.tk.call(
'grid', 'location', self._w, x, y)) or None
def grid_propagate(self, flag=_noarg_):
"""Set or get the status for propagation of geometry information.
A boolean argument specifies whether the geometry information
of the slaves will determine the size of this widget. If no argument
is given, the current setting will be returned.
"""
if flag is Misc._noarg_:
return self._getboolean(self.tk.call(
'grid', 'propagate', self._w))
else:
self.tk.call('grid', 'propagate', self._w, flag)
def grid_rowconfigure(self, index, cnf={}, **kw):
"""Configure row INDEX of a grid.
Valid resources are minsize (minimum size of the row),
weight (how much does additional space propagate to this row)
and pad (how much space to let additionally)."""
return self._grid_configure('rowconfigure', index, cnf, kw)
rowconfigure = grid_rowconfigure
def grid_size(self):
"""Return a tuple of the number of column and rows in the grid."""
return self._getints(
self.tk.call('grid', 'size', self._w)) or None
size = grid_size
def grid_slaves(self, row=None, column=None):
"""Return a list of all slaves of this widget
in its packing order."""
args = ()
if row is not None:
args = args + ('-row', row)
if column is not None:
args = args + ('-column', column)
return [self._nametowidget(x) for x in
self.tk.splitlist(self.tk.call(
('grid', 'slaves', self._w) + args))]
# Support for the "event" command, new in Tk 4.2.
# By Case Roole.
def event_add(self, virtual, *sequences):
"""Bind a virtual event VIRTUAL (of the form <<Name>>)
to an event SEQUENCE such that the virtual event is triggered
whenever SEQUENCE occurs."""
args = ('event', 'add', virtual) + sequences
self.tk.call(args)
def event_delete(self, virtual, *sequences):
"""Unbind a virtual event VIRTUAL from SEQUENCE."""
args = ('event', 'delete', virtual) + sequences
self.tk.call(args)
def event_generate(self, sequence, **kw):
"""Generate an event SEQUENCE. Additional
keyword arguments specify parameter of the event
(e.g. x, y, rootx, rooty)."""
args = ('event', 'generate', self._w, sequence)
for k, v in kw.items():
args = args + ('-%s' % k, str(v))
self.tk.call(args)
def event_info(self, virtual=None):
"""Return a list of all virtual events or the information
about the SEQUENCE bound to the virtual event VIRTUAL."""
return self.tk.splitlist(
self.tk.call('event', 'info', virtual))
# Image related commands
def image_names(self):
"""Return a list of all existing image names."""
return self.tk.splitlist(self.tk.call('image', 'names'))
def image_types(self):
"""Return a list of all available image types (e.g. photo bitmap)."""
return self.tk.splitlist(self.tk.call('image', 'types'))
class CallWrapper:
"""Internal class. Stores function to call when some user
defined Tcl function is called e.g. after an event occurred."""
def __init__(self, func, subst, widget):
"""Store FUNC, SUBST and WIDGET as members."""
self.func = func
self.subst = subst
self.widget = widget
def __call__(self, *args):
"""Apply first function SUBST to arguments, than FUNC."""
try:
if self.subst:
args = self.subst(*args)
return self.func(*args)
except SystemExit:
raise
except:
self.widget._report_exception()
class XView:
"""Mix-in class for querying and changing the horizontal position
of a widget's window."""
def xview(self, *args):
"""Query and change the horizontal position of the view."""
res = self.tk.call(self._w, 'xview', *args)
if not args:
return self._getdoubles(res)
def xview_moveto(self, fraction):
"""Adjusts the view in the window so that FRACTION of the
total width of the canvas is off-screen to the left."""
self.tk.call(self._w, 'xview', 'moveto', fraction)
def xview_scroll(self, number, what):
"""Shift the x-view according to NUMBER which is measured in "units"
or "pages" (WHAT)."""
self.tk.call(self._w, 'xview', 'scroll', number, what)
class YView:
"""Mix-in class for querying and changing the vertical position
of a widget's window."""
def yview(self, *args):
"""Query and change the vertical position of the view."""
res = self.tk.call(self._w, 'yview', *args)
if not args:
return self._getdoubles(res)
def yview_moveto(self, fraction):
"""Adjusts the view in the window so that FRACTION of the
total height of the canvas is off-screen to the top."""
self.tk.call(self._w, 'yview', 'moveto', fraction)
def yview_scroll(self, number, what):
"""Shift the y-view according to NUMBER which is measured in
"units" or "pages" (WHAT)."""
self.tk.call(self._w, 'yview', 'scroll', number, what)
class Wm:
"""Provides functions for the communication with the window manager."""
def wm_aspect(self,
minNumer=None, minDenom=None,
maxNumer=None, maxDenom=None):
"""Instruct the window manager to set the aspect ratio (width/height)
of this widget to be between MINNUMER/MINDENOM and MAXNUMER/MAXDENOM. Return a tuple
of the actual values if no argument is given."""
return self._getints(
self.tk.call('wm', 'aspect', self._w,
minNumer, minDenom,
maxNumer, maxDenom))
aspect = wm_aspect
def wm_attributes(self, *args, return_python_dict=False, **kwargs):
"""Return or sets platform specific attributes.
When called with a single argument return_python_dict=True,
return a dict of the platform specific attributes and their values.
When called without arguments or with a single argument
return_python_dict=False, return a tuple containing intermixed
attribute names with the minus prefix and their values.
When called with a single string value, return the value for the
specific option. When called with keyword arguments, set the
corresponding attributes.
"""
if not kwargs:
if not args:
res = self.tk.call('wm', 'attributes', self._w)
if return_python_dict:
return _splitdict(self.tk, res)
else:
return self.tk.splitlist(res)
if len(args) == 1 and args[0] is not None:
option = args[0]
if option[0] == '-':
# TODO: deprecate
option = option[1:]
return self.tk.call('wm', 'attributes', self._w, '-' + option)
# TODO: deprecate
return self.tk.call('wm', 'attributes', self._w, *args)
elif args:
raise TypeError('wm_attribute() options have been specified as '
'positional and keyword arguments')
else:
self.tk.call('wm', 'attributes', self._w, *self._options(kwargs))
attributes = wm_attributes
def wm_client(self, name=None):
"""Store NAME in WM_CLIENT_MACHINE property of this widget. Return
current value."""
return self.tk.call('wm', 'client', self._w, name)
client = wm_client
def wm_colormapwindows(self, *wlist):
"""Store list of window names (WLIST) into WM_COLORMAPWINDOWS property
of this widget. This list contains windows whose colormaps differ from their
parents. Return current list of widgets if WLIST is empty."""
if len(wlist) > 1:
wlist = (wlist,) # Tk needs a list of windows here
args = ('wm', 'colormapwindows', self._w) + wlist
if wlist:
self.tk.call(args)
else:
return [self._nametowidget(x)
for x in self.tk.splitlist(self.tk.call(args))]
colormapwindows = wm_colormapwindows
def wm_command(self, value=None):
"""Store VALUE in WM_COMMAND property. It is the command
which shall be used to invoke the application. Return current
command if VALUE is None."""
return self.tk.call('wm', 'command', self._w, value)
command = wm_command
def wm_deiconify(self):
"""Deiconify this widget. If it was never mapped it will not be mapped.
On Windows it will raise this widget and give it the focus."""
return self.tk.call('wm', 'deiconify', self._w)
deiconify = wm_deiconify
def wm_focusmodel(self, model=None):
"""Set focus model to MODEL. "active" means that this widget will claim
the focus itself, "passive" means that the window manager shall give
the focus. Return current focus model if MODEL is None."""
return self.tk.call('wm', 'focusmodel', self._w, model)
focusmodel = wm_focusmodel
def wm_forget(self, window): # new in Tk 8.5
"""The window will be unmapped from the screen and will no longer
be managed by wm. toplevel windows will be treated like frame
windows once they are no longer managed by wm, however, the menu
option configuration will be remembered and the menus will return
once the widget is managed again."""
self.tk.call('wm', 'forget', window)
forget = wm_forget
def wm_frame(self):
"""Return identifier for decorative frame of this widget if present."""
return self.tk.call('wm', 'frame', self._w)
frame = wm_frame
def wm_geometry(self, newGeometry=None):
"""Set geometry to NEWGEOMETRY of the form =widthxheight+x+y. Return
current value if None is given."""
return self.tk.call('wm', 'geometry', self._w, newGeometry)
geometry = wm_geometry
def wm_grid(self,
baseWidth=None, baseHeight=None,
widthInc=None, heightInc=None):
"""Instruct the window manager that this widget shall only be
resized on grid boundaries. WIDTHINC and HEIGHTINC are the width and
height of a grid unit in pixels. BASEWIDTH and BASEHEIGHT are the
number of grid units requested in Tk_GeometryRequest."""
return self._getints(self.tk.call(
'wm', 'grid', self._w,
baseWidth, baseHeight, widthInc, heightInc))
grid = wm_grid
def wm_group(self, pathName=None):
"""Set the group leader widgets for related widgets to PATHNAME. Return
the group leader of this widget if None is given."""
return self.tk.call('wm', 'group', self._w, pathName)
group = wm_group
def wm_iconbitmap(self, bitmap=None, default=None):
"""Set bitmap for the iconified widget to BITMAP. Return
the bitmap if None is given.
Under Windows, the DEFAULT parameter can be used to set the icon
for the widget and any descendants that don't have an icon set
explicitly. DEFAULT can be the relative path to a .ico file
(example: root.iconbitmap(default='myicon.ico') ). See Tk
documentation for more information."""
if default:
return self.tk.call('wm', 'iconbitmap', self._w, '-default', default)
else:
return self.tk.call('wm', 'iconbitmap', self._w, bitmap)
iconbitmap = wm_iconbitmap
def wm_iconify(self):
"""Display widget as icon."""
return self.tk.call('wm', 'iconify', self._w)
iconify = wm_iconify
def wm_iconmask(self, bitmap=None):
"""Set mask for the icon bitmap of this widget. Return the
mask if None is given."""
return self.tk.call('wm', 'iconmask', self._w, bitmap)
iconmask = wm_iconmask
def wm_iconname(self, newName=None):
"""Set the name of the icon for this widget. Return the name if
None is given."""
return self.tk.call('wm', 'iconname', self._w, newName)
iconname = wm_iconname
def wm_iconphoto(self, default=False, *args): # new in Tk 8.5
"""Sets the titlebar icon for this window based on the named photo
images passed through args. If default is True, this is applied to
all future created toplevels as well.
The data in the images is taken as a snapshot at the time of
invocation. If the images are later changed, this is not reflected
to the titlebar icons. Multiple images are accepted to allow
different images sizes to be provided. The window manager may scale
provided icons to an appropriate size.
On Windows, the images are packed into a Windows icon structure.
This will override an icon specified to wm_iconbitmap, and vice
versa.
On X, the images are arranged into the _NET_WM_ICON X property,
which most modern window managers support. An icon specified by
wm_iconbitmap may exist simultaneously.
On Macintosh, this currently does nothing."""
if default:
self.tk.call('wm', 'iconphoto', self._w, "-default", *args)
else:
self.tk.call('wm', 'iconphoto', self._w, *args)
iconphoto = wm_iconphoto
def wm_iconposition(self, x=None, y=None):
"""Set the position of the icon of this widget to X and Y. Return
a tuple of the current values of X and X if None is given."""
return self._getints(self.tk.call(
'wm', 'iconposition', self._w, x, y))
iconposition = wm_iconposition
def wm_iconwindow(self, pathName=None):
"""Set widget PATHNAME to be displayed instead of icon. Return the current
value if None is given."""
return self.tk.call('wm', 'iconwindow', self._w, pathName)
iconwindow = wm_iconwindow
def wm_manage(self, widget): # new in Tk 8.5
"""The widget specified will become a stand alone top-level window.
The window will be decorated with the window managers title bar,
etc."""
self.tk.call('wm', 'manage', widget)
manage = wm_manage
def wm_maxsize(self, width=None, height=None):
"""Set max WIDTH and HEIGHT for this widget. If the window is gridded
the values are given in grid units. Return the current values if None
is given."""
return self._getints(self.tk.call(
'wm', 'maxsize', self._w, width, height))
maxsize = wm_maxsize
def wm_minsize(self, width=None, height=None):
"""Set min WIDTH and HEIGHT for this widget. If the window is gridded
the values are given in grid units. Return the current values if None
is given."""
return self._getints(self.tk.call(
'wm', 'minsize', self._w, width, height))
minsize = wm_minsize
def wm_overrideredirect(self, boolean=None):
"""Instruct the window manager to ignore this widget
if BOOLEAN is given with 1. Return the current value if None
is given."""
return self._getboolean(self.tk.call(
'wm', 'overrideredirect', self._w, boolean))
overrideredirect = wm_overrideredirect
def wm_positionfrom(self, who=None):
"""Instruct the window manager that the position of this widget shall
be defined by the user if WHO is "user", and by its own policy if WHO is
"program"."""
return self.tk.call('wm', 'positionfrom', self._w, who)
positionfrom = wm_positionfrom
def wm_protocol(self, name=None, func=None):
"""Bind function FUNC to command NAME for this widget.
Return the function bound to NAME if None is given. NAME could be
e.g. "WM_SAVE_YOURSELF" or "WM_DELETE_WINDOW"."""
if callable(func):
command = self._register(func)
else:
command = func
return self.tk.call(
'wm', 'protocol', self._w, name, command)
protocol = wm_protocol
def wm_resizable(self, width=None, height=None):
"""Instruct the window manager whether this width can be resized
in WIDTH or HEIGHT. Both values are boolean values."""
return self.tk.call('wm', 'resizable', self._w, width, height)
resizable = wm_resizable
def wm_sizefrom(self, who=None):
"""Instruct the window manager that the size of this widget shall
be defined by the user if WHO is "user", and by its own policy if WHO is
"program"."""
return self.tk.call('wm', 'sizefrom', self._w, who)
sizefrom = wm_sizefrom
def wm_state(self, newstate=None):
"""Query or set the state of this widget as one of normal, icon,
iconic (see wm_iconwindow), withdrawn, or zoomed (Windows only)."""
return self.tk.call('wm', 'state', self._w, newstate)
state = wm_state
def wm_title(self, string=None):
"""Set the title of this widget."""
return self.tk.call('wm', 'title', self._w, string)
title = wm_title
def wm_transient(self, master=None):
"""Instruct the window manager that this widget is transient
with regard to widget MASTER."""
return self.tk.call('wm', 'transient', self._w, master)
transient = wm_transient
def wm_withdraw(self):
"""Withdraw this widget from the screen such that it is unmapped
and forgotten by the window manager. Re-draw it with wm_deiconify."""
return self.tk.call('wm', 'withdraw', self._w)
withdraw = wm_withdraw
class Tk(Misc, Wm):
"""Toplevel widget of Tk which represents mostly the main window
of an application. It has an associated Tcl interpreter."""
_w = '.'
def __init__(self, screenName=None, baseName=None, className='Tk',
useTk=True, sync=False, use=None):
"""Return a new top level widget on screen SCREENNAME. A new Tcl interpreter will
be created. BASENAME will be used for the identification of the profile file (see
readprofile).
It is constructed from sys.argv[0] without extensions if None is given. CLASSNAME
is the name of the widget class."""
self.master = None
self.children = {}
self._tkloaded = False
# to avoid recursions in the getattr code in case of failure, we
# ensure that self.tk is always _something_.
self.tk = None
if baseName is None:
import os
baseName = os.path.basename(sys.argv[0])
baseName, ext = os.path.splitext(baseName)
if ext not in ('.py', '.pyc'):
baseName = baseName + ext
interactive = False
self.tk = _tkinter.create(screenName, baseName, className, interactive, wantobjects, useTk, sync, use)
if useTk:
self._loadtk()
if not sys.flags.ignore_environment:
# Issue #16248: Honor the -E flag to avoid code injection.
self.readprofile(baseName, className)
def loadtk(self):
if not self._tkloaded:
self.tk.loadtk()
self._loadtk()
def _loadtk(self):
self._tkloaded = True
global _default_root
# Version sanity checks
tk_version = self.tk.getvar('tk_version')
if tk_version != _tkinter.TK_VERSION:
raise RuntimeError("tk.h version (%s) doesn't match libtk.a version (%s)"
% (_tkinter.TK_VERSION, tk_version))
# Under unknown circumstances, tcl_version gets coerced to float
tcl_version = str(self.tk.getvar('tcl_version'))
if tcl_version != _tkinter.TCL_VERSION:
raise RuntimeError("tcl.h version (%s) doesn't match libtcl.a version (%s)" \
% (_tkinter.TCL_VERSION, tcl_version))
# Create and register the tkerror and exit commands
# We need to inline parts of _register here, _ register
# would register differently-named commands.
if self._tclCommands is None:
self._tclCommands = []
self.tk.createcommand('tkerror', _tkerror)
self.tk.createcommand('exit', _exit)
self._tclCommands.append('tkerror')
self._tclCommands.append('exit')
if _support_default_root and _default_root is None:
_default_root = self
self.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", self.destroy)
def destroy(self):
"""Destroy this and all descendants widgets. This will
end the application of this Tcl interpreter."""
for c in list(self.children.values()): c.destroy()
self.tk.call('destroy', self._w)
Misc.destroy(self)
global _default_root
if _support_default_root and _default_root is self:
_default_root = None
def readprofile(self, baseName, className):
"""Internal function. It reads .BASENAME.tcl and .CLASSNAME.tcl into
the Tcl Interpreter and calls exec on the contents of .BASENAME.py and
.CLASSNAME.py if such a file exists in the home directory."""
import os
if 'HOME' in os.environ: home = os.environ['HOME']
else: home = os.curdir
class_tcl = os.path.join(home, '.%s.tcl' % className)
class_py = os.path.join(home, '.%s.py' % className)
base_tcl = os.path.join(home, '.%s.tcl' % baseName)
base_py = os.path.join(home, '.%s.py' % baseName)
dir = {'self': self}
exec('from tkinter import *', dir)
if os.path.isfile(class_tcl):
self.tk.call('source', class_tcl)
if os.path.isfile(class_py):
exec(open(class_py).read(), dir)
if os.path.isfile(base_tcl):
self.tk.call('source', base_tcl)
if os.path.isfile(base_py):
exec(open(base_py).read(), dir)
def report_callback_exception(self, exc, val, tb):
"""Report callback exception on sys.stderr.
Applications may want to override this internal function, and
should when sys.stderr is None."""
import traceback
print("Exception in Tkinter callback", file=sys.stderr)
sys.last_exc = val
sys.last_type = exc
sys.last_value = val
sys.last_traceback = tb
traceback.print_exception(exc, val, tb)
def __getattr__(self, attr):
"Delegate attribute access to the interpreter object"
return getattr(self.tk, attr)
# Ideally, the classes Pack, Place and Grid disappear, the
# pack/place/grid methods are defined on the Widget class, and
# everybody uses w.pack_whatever(...) instead of Pack.whatever(w,
# ...), with pack(), place() and grid() being short for
# pack_configure(), place_configure() and grid_columnconfigure(), and
# forget() being short for pack_forget(). As a practical matter, I'm
# afraid that there is too much code out there that may be using the
# Pack, Place or Grid class, so I leave them intact -- but only as
# backwards compatibility features. Also note that those methods that
# take a master as argument (e.g. pack_propagate) have been moved to
# the Misc class (which now incorporates all methods common between
# toplevel and interior widgets). Again, for compatibility, these are
# copied into the Pack, Place or Grid class.
def Tcl(screenName=None, baseName=None, className='Tk', useTk=False):
return Tk(screenName, baseName, className, useTk)
class Pack:
"""Geometry manager Pack.
Base class to use the methods pack_* in every widget."""
def pack_configure(self, cnf={}, **kw):
"""Pack a widget in the parent widget. Use as options:
after=widget - pack it after you have packed widget
anchor=NSEW (or subset) - position widget according to
given direction
before=widget - pack it before you will pack widget
expand=bool - expand widget if parent size grows
fill=NONE or X or Y or BOTH - fill widget if widget grows
in=master - use master to contain this widget
in_=master - see 'in' option description
ipadx=amount - add internal padding in x direction
ipady=amount - add internal padding in y direction
padx=amount - add padding in x direction
pady=amount - add padding in y direction
side=TOP or BOTTOM or LEFT or RIGHT - where to add this widget.
"""
self.tk.call(
('pack', 'configure', self._w)
+ self._options(cnf, kw))
pack = configure = config = pack_configure
def pack_forget(self):
"""Unmap this widget and do not use it for the packing order."""
self.tk.call('pack', 'forget', self._w)
forget = pack_forget
def pack_info(self):
"""Return information about the packing options
for this widget."""
d = _splitdict(self.tk, self.tk.call('pack', 'info', self._w))
if 'in' in d:
d['in'] = self.nametowidget(d['in'])
return d
info = pack_info
propagate = pack_propagate = Misc.pack_propagate
slaves = pack_slaves = Misc.pack_slaves
class Place:
"""Geometry manager Place.
Base class to use the methods place_* in every widget."""
def place_configure(self, cnf={}, **kw):
"""Place a widget in the parent widget. Use as options:
in=master - master relative to which the widget is placed
in_=master - see 'in' option description
x=amount - locate anchor of this widget at position x of master
y=amount - locate anchor of this widget at position y of master
relx=amount - locate anchor of this widget between 0.0 and 1.0
relative to width of master (1.0 is right edge)
rely=amount - locate anchor of this widget between 0.0 and 1.0
relative to height of master (1.0 is bottom edge)
anchor=NSEW (or subset) - position anchor according to given direction
width=amount - width of this widget in pixel
height=amount - height of this widget in pixel
relwidth=amount - width of this widget between 0.0 and 1.0
relative to width of master (1.0 is the same width
as the master)
relheight=amount - height of this widget between 0.0 and 1.0
relative to height of master (1.0 is the same
height as the master)
bordermode="inside" or "outside" - whether to take border width of
master widget into account
"""
self.tk.call(
('place', 'configure', self._w)
+ self._options(cnf, kw))
place = configure = config = place_configure
def place_forget(self):
"""Unmap this widget."""
self.tk.call('place', 'forget', self._w)
forget = place_forget
def place_info(self):
"""Return information about the placing options
for this widget."""
d = _splitdict(self.tk, self.tk.call('place', 'info', self._w))
if 'in' in d:
d['in'] = self.nametowidget(d['in'])
return d
info = place_info
slaves = place_slaves = Misc.place_slaves
class Grid:
"""Geometry manager Grid.
Base class to use the methods grid_* in every widget."""
# Thanks to Masazumi Yoshikawa (yosikawa@isi.edu)
def grid_configure(self, cnf={}, **kw):
"""Position a widget in the parent widget in a grid. Use as options:
column=number - use cell identified with given column (starting with 0)
columnspan=number - this widget will span several columns
in=master - use master to contain this widget
in_=master - see 'in' option description
ipadx=amount - add internal padding in x direction
ipady=amount - add internal padding in y direction
padx=amount - add padding in x direction
pady=amount - add padding in y direction
row=number - use cell identified with given row (starting with 0)
rowspan=number - this widget will span several rows
sticky=NSEW - if cell is larger on which sides will this
widget stick to the cell boundary
"""
self.tk.call(
('grid', 'configure', self._w)
+ self._options(cnf, kw))
grid = configure = config = grid_configure
bbox = grid_bbox = Misc.grid_bbox
columnconfigure = grid_columnconfigure = Misc.grid_columnconfigure
def grid_forget(self):
"""Unmap this widget."""
self.tk.call('grid', 'forget', self._w)
forget = grid_forget
def grid_remove(self):
"""Unmap this widget but remember the grid options."""
self.tk.call('grid', 'remove', self._w)
def grid_info(self):
"""Return information about the options
for positioning this widget in a grid."""
d = _splitdict(self.tk, self.tk.call('grid', 'info', self._w))
if 'in' in d:
d['in'] = self.nametowidget(d['in'])
return d
info = grid_info
location = grid_location = Misc.grid_location
propagate = grid_propagate = Misc.grid_propagate
rowconfigure = grid_rowconfigure = Misc.grid_rowconfigure
size = grid_size = Misc.grid_size
slaves = grid_slaves = Misc.grid_slaves
class BaseWidget(Misc):
"""Internal class."""
def _setup(self, master, cnf):
"""Internal function. Sets up information about children."""
if master is None:
master = _get_default_root()
self.master = master
self.tk = master.tk
name = None
if 'name' in cnf:
name = cnf['name']
del cnf['name']
if not name:
name = self.__class__.__name__.lower()
if master._last_child_ids is None:
master._last_child_ids = {}
count = master._last_child_ids.get(name, 0) + 1
master._last_child_ids[name] = count
if count == 1:
name = '!%s' % (name,)
else:
name = '!%s%d' % (name, count)
self._name = name
if master._w=='.':
self._w = '.' + name
else:
self._w = master._w + '.' + name
self.children = {}
if self._name in self.master.children:
self.master.children[self._name].destroy()
self.master.children[self._name] = self
def __init__(self, master, widgetName, cnf={}, kw={}, extra=()):
"""Construct a widget with the parent widget MASTER, a name WIDGETNAME
and appropriate options."""
if kw:
cnf = _cnfmerge((cnf, kw))
self.widgetName = widgetName
self._setup(master, cnf)
if self._tclCommands is None:
self._tclCommands = []
classes = [(k, v) for k, v in cnf.items() if isinstance(k, type)]
for k, v in classes:
del cnf[k]
self.tk.call(
(widgetName, self._w) + extra + self._options(cnf))
for k, v in classes:
k.configure(self, v)
def destroy(self):
"""Destroy this and all descendants widgets."""
for c in list(self.children.values()): c.destroy()
self.tk.call('destroy', self._w)
if self._name in self.master.children:
del self.master.children[self._name]
Misc.destroy(self)
def _do(self, name, args=()):
# XXX Obsolete -- better use self.tk.call directly!
return self.tk.call((self._w, name) + args)
class Widget(BaseWidget, Pack, Place, Grid):
"""Internal class.
Base class for a widget which can be positioned with the geometry managers
Pack, Place or Grid."""
pass
class Toplevel(BaseWidget, Wm):
"""Toplevel widget, e.g. for dialogs."""
def __init__(self, master=None, cnf={}, **kw):
"""Construct a toplevel widget with the parent MASTER.
Valid resource names: background, bd, bg, borderwidth, class,
colormap, container, cursor, height, highlightbackground,
highlightcolor, highlightthickness, menu, relief, screen, takefocus,
use, visual, width."""
if kw:
cnf = _cnfmerge((cnf, kw))
extra = ()
for wmkey in ['screen', 'class_', 'class', 'visual',
'colormap']:
if wmkey in cnf:
val = cnf[wmkey]
# TBD: a hack needed because some keys
# are not valid as keyword arguments
if wmkey[-1] == '_': opt = '-'+wmkey[:-1]
else: opt = '-'+wmkey
extra = extra + (opt, val)
del cnf[wmkey]
BaseWidget.__init__(self, master, 'toplevel', cnf, {}, extra)
root = self._root()
self.iconname(root.iconname())
self.title(root.title())
self.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", self.destroy)
class Button(Widget):
"""Button widget."""
def __init__(self, master=None, cnf={}, **kw):
"""Construct a button widget with the parent MASTER.
STANDARD OPTIONS
activebackground, activeforeground, anchor,
background, bitmap, borderwidth, cursor,
disabledforeground, font, foreground
highlightbackground, highlightcolor,
highlightthickness, image, justify,
padx, pady, relief, repeatdelay,
repeatinterval, takefocus, text,
textvariable, underline, wraplength
WIDGET-SPECIFIC OPTIONS
command, compound, default, height,
overrelief, state, width
"""
Widget.__init__(self, master, 'button', cnf, kw)
def flash(self):
"""Flash the button.
This is accomplished by redisplaying
the button several times, alternating between active and
normal colors. At the end of the flash the button is left
in the same normal/active state as when the command was
invoked. This command is ignored if the button's state is
disabled.
"""
self.tk.call(self._w, 'flash')
def invoke(self):
"""Invoke the command associated with the button.
The return value is the return value from the command,
or an empty string if there is no command associated with
the button. This command is ignored if the button's state
is disabled.
"""
return self.tk.call(self._w, 'invoke')
class Canvas(Widget, XView, YView):
"""Canvas widget to display graphical elements like lines or text."""
def __init__(self, master=None, cnf={}, **kw):
"""Construct a canvas widget with the parent MASTER.
Valid resource names: background, bd, bg, borderwidth, closeenough,
confine, cursor, height, highlightbackground, highlightcolor,
highlightthickness, insertbackground, insertborderwidth,
insertofftime, insertontime, insertwidth, offset, relief,
scrollregion, selectbackground, selectborderwidth, selectforeground,
state, takefocus, width, xscrollcommand, xscrollincrement,
yscrollcommand, yscrollincrement."""
Widget.__init__(self, master, 'canvas', cnf, kw)
def addtag(self, *args):
"""Internal function."""
self.tk.call((self._w, 'addtag') + args)
def addtag_above(self, newtag, tagOrId):
"""Add tag NEWTAG to all items above TAGORID."""
self.addtag(newtag, 'above', tagOrId)
def addtag_all(self, newtag):
"""Add tag NEWTAG to all items."""
self.addtag(newtag, 'all')
def addtag_below(self, newtag, tagOrId):
"""Add tag NEWTAG to all items below TAGORID."""
self.addtag(newtag, 'below', tagOrId)
def addtag_closest(self, newtag, x, y, halo=None, start=None):
"""Add tag NEWTAG to item which is closest to pixel at X, Y.
If several match take the top-most.
All items closer than HALO are considered overlapping (all are
closest). If START is specified the next below this tag is taken."""
self.addtag(newtag, 'closest', x, y, halo, start)
def addtag_enclosed(self, newtag, x1, y1, x2, y2):
"""Add tag NEWTAG to all items in the rectangle defined
by X1,Y1,X2,Y2."""
self.addtag(newtag, 'enclosed', x1, y1, x2, y2)
def addtag_overlapping(self, newtag, x1, y1, x2, y2):
"""Add tag NEWTAG to all items which overlap the rectangle
defined by X1,Y1,X2,Y2."""
self.addtag(newtag, 'overlapping', x1, y1, x2, y2)
def addtag_withtag(self, newtag, tagOrId):
"""Add tag NEWTAG to all items with TAGORID."""
self.addtag(newtag, 'withtag', tagOrId)
def bbox(self, *args):
"""Return a tuple of X1,Y1,X2,Y2 coordinates for a rectangle
which encloses all items with tags specified as arguments."""
return self._getints(
self.tk.call((self._w, 'bbox') + args)) or None
def tag_unbind(self, tagOrId, sequence, funcid=None):
"""Unbind for all items with TAGORID for event SEQUENCE the
function identified with FUNCID."""
self._unbind((self._w, 'bind', tagOrId, sequence), funcid)
def tag_bind(self, tagOrId, sequence=None, func=None, add=None):
"""Bind to all items with TAGORID at event SEQUENCE a call to function FUNC.
An additional boolean parameter ADD specifies whether FUNC will be
called additionally to the other bound function or whether it will
replace the previous function. See bind for the return value."""
return self._bind((self._w, 'bind', tagOrId),
sequence, func, add)
def canvasx(self, screenx, gridspacing=None):
"""Return the canvas x coordinate of pixel position SCREENX rounded
to nearest multiple of GRIDSPACING units."""
return self.tk.getdouble(self.tk.call(
self._w, 'canvasx', screenx, gridspacing))
def canvasy(self, screeny, gridspacing=None):
"""Return the canvas y coordinate of pixel position SCREENY rounded
to nearest multiple of GRIDSPACING units."""
return self.tk.getdouble(self.tk.call(
self._w, 'canvasy', screeny, gridspacing))
def coords(self, *args):
"""Return a list of coordinates for the item given in ARGS."""
args = _flatten(args)
return [self.tk.getdouble(x) for x in
self.tk.splitlist(
self.tk.call((self._w, 'coords') + args))]
def _create(self, itemType, args, kw): # Args: (val, val, ..., cnf={})
"""Internal function."""
args = _flatten(args)
cnf = args[-1]
if isinstance(cnf, (dict, tuple)):
args = args[:-1]
else:
cnf = {}
return self.tk.getint(self.tk.call(
self._w, 'create', itemType,
*(args + self._options(cnf, kw))))
def create_arc(self, *args, **kw):
"""Create arc shaped region with coordinates x1,y1,x2,y2."""
return self._create('arc', args, kw)
def create_bitmap(self, *args, **kw):
"""Create bitmap with coordinates x1,y1."""
return self._create('bitmap', args, kw)
def create_image(self, *args, **kw):
"""Create image item with coordinates x1,y1."""
return self._create('image', args, kw)
def create_line(self, *args, **kw):
"""Create line with coordinates x1,y1,...,xn,yn."""
return self._create('line', args, kw)
def create_oval(self, *args, **kw):
"""Create oval with coordinates x1,y1,x2,y2."""
return self._create('oval', args, kw)
def create_polygon(self, *args, **kw):
"""Create polygon with coordinates x1,y1,...,xn,yn."""
return self._create('polygon', args, kw)
def create_rectangle(self, *args, **kw):
"""Create rectangle with coordinates x1,y1,x2,y2."""
return self._create('rectangle', args, kw)
def create_text(self, *args, **kw):
"""Create text with coordinates x1,y1."""
return self._create('text', args, kw)
def create_window(self, *args, **kw):
"""Create window with coordinates x1,y1,x2,y2."""
return self._create('window', args, kw)
def dchars(self, *args):
"""Delete characters of text items identified by tag or id in ARGS (possibly
several times) from FIRST to LAST character (including)."""
self.tk.call((self._w, 'dchars') + args)
def delete(self, *args):
"""Delete items identified by all tag or ids contained in ARGS."""
self.tk.call((self._w, 'delete') + args)
def dtag(self, *args):
"""Delete tag or id given as last arguments in ARGS from items
identified by first argument in ARGS."""
self.tk.call((self._w, 'dtag') + args)
def find(self, *args):
"""Internal function."""
return self._getints(
self.tk.call((self._w, 'find') + args)) or ()
def find_above(self, tagOrId):
"""Return items above TAGORID."""
return self.find('above', tagOrId)
def find_all(self):
"""Return all items."""
return self.find('all')
def find_below(self, tagOrId):
"""Return all items below TAGORID."""
return self.find('below', tagOrId)
def find_closest(self, x, y, halo=None, start=None):
"""Return item which is closest to pixel at X, Y.
If several match take the top-most.
All items closer than HALO are considered overlapping (all are
closest). If START is specified the next below this tag is taken."""
return self.find('closest', x, y, halo, start)
def find_enclosed(self, x1, y1, x2, y2):
"""Return all items in rectangle defined
by X1,Y1,X2,Y2."""
return self.find('enclosed', x1, y1, x2, y2)
def find_overlapping(self, x1, y1, x2, y2):
"""Return all items which overlap the rectangle
defined by X1,Y1,X2,Y2."""
return self.find('overlapping', x1, y1, x2, y2)
def find_withtag(self, tagOrId):
"""Return all items with TAGORID."""
return self.find('withtag', tagOrId)
def focus(self, *args):
"""Set focus to the first item specified in ARGS."""
return self.tk.call((self._w, 'focus') + args)
def gettags(self, *args):
"""Return tags associated with the first item specified in ARGS."""
return self.tk.splitlist(
self.tk.call((self._w, 'gettags') + args))
def icursor(self, *args):
"""Set cursor at position POS in the item identified by TAGORID.
In ARGS TAGORID must be first."""
self.tk.call((self._w, 'icursor') + args)
def index(self, *args):
"""Return position of cursor as integer in item specified in ARGS."""
return self.tk.getint(self.tk.call((self._w, 'index') + args))
def insert(self, *args):
"""Insert TEXT in item TAGORID at position POS. ARGS must
be TAGORID POS TEXT."""
self.tk.call((self._w, 'insert') + args)
def itemcget(self, tagOrId, option):
"""Return the resource value for an OPTION for item TAGORID."""
return self.tk.call(
(self._w, 'itemcget') + (tagOrId, '-'+option))
def itemconfigure(self, tagOrId, cnf=None, **kw):
"""Configure resources of an item TAGORID.
The values for resources are specified as keyword
arguments. To get an overview about
the allowed keyword arguments call the method without arguments.
"""
return self._configure(('itemconfigure', tagOrId), cnf, kw)
itemconfig = itemconfigure
# lower, tkraise/lift hide Misc.lower, Misc.tkraise/lift,
# so the preferred name for them is tag_lower, tag_raise
# (similar to tag_bind, and similar to the Text widget);
# unfortunately can't delete the old ones yet (maybe in 1.6)
def tag_lower(self, *args):
"""Lower an item TAGORID given in ARGS
(optional below another item)."""
self.tk.call((self._w, 'lower') + args)
lower = tag_lower
def move(self, *args):
"""Move an item TAGORID given in ARGS."""
self.tk.call((self._w, 'move') + args)
def moveto(self, tagOrId, x='', y=''):
"""Move the items given by TAGORID in the canvas coordinate
space so that the first coordinate pair of the bottommost
item with tag TAGORID is located at position (X,Y).
X and Y may be the empty string, in which case the
corresponding coordinate will be unchanged. All items matching
TAGORID remain in the same positions relative to each other."""
self.tk.call(self._w, 'moveto', tagOrId, x, y)
def postscript(self, cnf={}, **kw):
"""Print the contents of the canvas to a postscript
file. Valid options: colormap, colormode, file, fontmap,
height, pageanchor, pageheight, pagewidth, pagex, pagey,
rotate, width, x, y."""
return self.tk.call((self._w, 'postscript') +
self._options(cnf, kw))
def tag_raise(self, *args):
"""Raise an item TAGORID given in ARGS
(optional above another item)."""
self.tk.call((self._w, 'raise') + args)
lift = tkraise = tag_raise
def scale(self, *args):
"""Scale item TAGORID with XORIGIN, YORIGIN, XSCALE, YSCALE."""
self.tk.call((self._w, 'scale') + args)
def scan_mark(self, x, y):
"""Remember the current X, Y coordinates."""
self.tk.call(self._w, 'scan', 'mark', x, y)
def scan_dragto(self, x, y, gain=10):
"""Adjust the view of the canvas to GAIN times the
difference between X and Y and the coordinates given in
scan_mark."""
self.tk.call(self._w, 'scan', 'dragto', x, y, gain)
def select_adjust(self, tagOrId, index):
"""Adjust the end of the selection near the cursor of an item TAGORID to index."""
self.tk.call(self._w, 'select', 'adjust', tagOrId, index)
def select_clear(self):
"""Clear the selection if it is in this widget."""
self.tk.call(self._w, 'select', 'clear')
def select_from(self, tagOrId, index):
"""Set the fixed end of a selection in item TAGORID to INDEX."""
self.tk.call(self._w, 'select', 'from', tagOrId, index)
def select_item(self):
"""Return the item which has the selection."""
return self.tk.call(self._w, 'select', 'item') or None
def select_to(self, tagOrId, index):
"""Set the variable end of a selection in item TAGORID to INDEX."""
self.tk.call(self._w, 'select', 'to', tagOrId, index)
def type(self, tagOrId):
"""Return the type of the item TAGORID."""
return self.tk.call(self._w, 'type', tagOrId) or None
_checkbutton_count = 0
class Checkbutton(Widget):
"""Checkbutton widget which is either in on- or off-state."""
def __init__(self, master=None, cnf={}, **kw):
"""Construct a checkbutton widget with the parent MASTER.
Valid resource names: activebackground, activeforeground, anchor,
background, bd, bg, bitmap, borderwidth, command, cursor,
disabledforeground, fg, font, foreground, height,
highlightbackground, highlightcolor, highlightthickness, image,
indicatoron, justify, offvalue, onvalue, padx, pady, relief,
selectcolor, selectimage, state, takefocus, text, textvariable,
underline, variable, width, wraplength."""
Widget.__init__(self, master, 'checkbutton', cnf, kw)
def _setup(self, master, cnf):
# Because Checkbutton defaults to a variable with the same name as
# the widget, Checkbutton default names must be globally unique,
# not just unique within the parent widget.
if not cnf.get('name'):
global _checkbutton_count
name = self.__class__.__name__.lower()
_checkbutton_count += 1
# To avoid collisions with ttk.Checkbutton, use the different
# name template.
cnf['name'] = f'!{name}-{_checkbutton_count}'
super()._setup(master, cnf)
def deselect(self):
"""Put the button in off-state."""
self.tk.call(self._w, 'deselect')
def flash(self):
"""Flash the button."""
self.tk.call(self._w, 'flash')
def invoke(self):
"""Toggle the button and invoke a command if given as resource."""
return self.tk.call(self._w, 'invoke')
def select(self):
"""Put the button in on-state."""
self.tk.call(self._w, 'select')
def toggle(self):
"""Toggle the button."""
self.tk.call(self._w, 'toggle')
class Entry(Widget, XView):
"""Entry widget which allows displaying simple text."""
def __init__(self, master=None, cnf={}, **kw):
"""Construct an entry widget with the parent MASTER.
Valid resource names: background, bd, bg, borderwidth, cursor,
exportselection, fg, font, foreground, highlightbackground,
highlightcolor, highlightthickness, insertbackground,
insertborderwidth, insertofftime, insertontime, insertwidth,
invalidcommand, invcmd, justify, relief, selectbackground,
selectborderwidth, selectforeground, show, state, takefocus,
textvariable, validate, validatecommand, vcmd, width,
xscrollcommand."""
Widget.__init__(self, master, 'entry', cnf, kw)
def delete(self, first, last=None):
"""Delete text from FIRST to LAST (not included)."""
self.tk.call(self._w, 'delete', first, last)
def get(self):
"""Return the text."""
return self.tk.call(self._w, 'get')
def icursor(self, index):
"""Insert cursor at INDEX."""
self.tk.call(self._w, 'icursor', index)
def index(self, index):
"""Return position of cursor."""
return self.tk.getint(self.tk.call(
self._w, 'index', index))
def insert(self, index, string):
"""Insert STRING at INDEX."""
self.tk.call(self._w, 'insert', index, string)
def scan_mark(self, x):
"""Remember the current X, Y coordinates."""
self.tk.call(self._w, 'scan', 'mark', x)
def scan_dragto(self, x):
"""Adjust the view of the canvas to 10 times the
difference between X and Y and the coordinates given in
scan_mark."""
self.tk.call(self._w, 'scan', 'dragto', x)
def selection_adjust(self, index):
"""Adjust the end of the selection near the cursor to INDEX."""
self.tk.call(self._w, 'selection', 'adjust', index)
select_adjust = selection_adjust
def selection_clear(self):
"""Clear the selection if it is in this widget."""
self.tk.call(self._w, 'selection', 'clear')
select_clear = selection_clear
def selection_from(self, index):
"""Set the fixed end of a selection to INDEX."""
self.tk.call(self._w, 'selection', 'from', index)
select_from = selection_from
def selection_present(self):
"""Return True if there are characters selected in the entry, False
otherwise."""
return self.tk.getboolean(
self.tk.call(self._w, 'selection', 'present'))
select_present = selection_present
def selection_range(self, start, end):
"""Set the selection from START to END (not included)."""
self.tk.call(self._w, 'selection', 'range', start, end)
select_range = selection_range
def selection_to(self, index):
"""Set the variable end of a selection to INDEX."""
self.tk.call(self._w, 'selection', 'to', index)
select_to = selection_to
class Frame(Widget):
"""Frame widget which may contain other widgets and can have a 3D border."""
def __init__(self, master=None, cnf={}, **kw):
"""Construct a frame widget with the parent MASTER.
Valid resource names: background, bd, bg, borderwidth, class,
colormap, container, cursor, height, highlightbackground,
highlightcolor, highlightthickness, relief, takefocus, visual, width."""
cnf = _cnfmerge((cnf, kw))
extra = ()
if 'class_' in cnf:
extra = ('-class', cnf['class_'])
del cnf['class_']
elif 'class' in cnf:
extra = ('-class', cnf['class'])
del cnf['class']
Widget.__init__(self, master, 'frame', cnf, {}, extra)
class Label(Widget):
"""Label widget which can display text and bitmaps."""
def __init__(self, master=None, cnf={}, **kw):
"""Construct a label widget with the parent MASTER.
STANDARD OPTIONS
activebackground, activeforeground, anchor,
background, bitmap, borderwidth, cursor,
disabledforeground, font, foreground,
highlightbackground, highlightcolor,
highlightthickness, image, justify,
padx, pady, relief, takefocus, text,
textvariable, underline, wraplength
WIDGET-SPECIFIC OPTIONS
height, state, width
"""
Widget.__init__(self, master, 'label', cnf, kw)
class Listbox(Widget, XView, YView):
"""Listbox widget which can display a list of strings."""
def __init__(self, master=None, cnf={}, **kw):
"""Construct a listbox widget with the parent MASTER.
Valid resource names: background, bd, bg, borderwidth, cursor,
exportselection, fg, font, foreground, height, highlightbackground,
highlightcolor, highlightthickness, relief, selectbackground,
selectborderwidth, selectforeground, selectmode, setgrid, takefocus,
width, xscrollcommand, yscrollcommand, listvariable."""
Widget.__init__(self, master, 'listbox', cnf, kw)
def activate(self, index):
"""Activate item identified by INDEX."""
self.tk.call(self._w, 'activate', index)
def bbox(self, index):
"""Return a tuple of X1,Y1,X2,Y2 coordinates for a rectangle
which encloses the item identified by the given index."""
return self._getints(self.tk.call(self._w, 'bbox', index)) or None
def curselection(self):
"""Return the indices of currently selected item."""
return self._getints(self.tk.call(self._w, 'curselection')) or ()
def delete(self, first, last=None):
"""Delete items from FIRST to LAST (included)."""
self.tk.call(self._w, 'delete', first, last)
def get(self, first, last=None):
"""Get list of items from FIRST to LAST (included)."""
if last is not None:
return self.tk.splitlist(self.tk.call(
self._w, 'get', first, last))
else:
return self.tk.call(self._w, 'get', first)
def index(self, index):
"""Return index of item identified with INDEX."""
i = self.tk.call(self._w, 'index', index)
if i == 'none': return None
return self.tk.getint(i)
def insert(self, index, *elements):
"""Insert ELEMENTS at INDEX."""
self.tk.call((self._w, 'insert', index) + elements)
def nearest(self, y):
"""Get index of item which is nearest to y coordinate Y."""
return self.tk.getint(self.tk.call(
self._w, 'nearest', y))
def scan_mark(self, x, y):
"""Remember the current X, Y coordinates."""
self.tk.call(self._w, 'scan', 'mark', x, y)
def scan_dragto(self, x, y):
"""Adjust the view of the listbox to 10 times the
difference between X and Y and the coordinates given in
scan_mark."""
self.tk.call(self._w, 'scan', 'dragto', x, y)
def see(self, index):
"""Scroll such that INDEX is visible."""
self.tk.call(self._w, 'see', index)
def selection_anchor(self, index):
"""Set the fixed end oft the selection to INDEX."""
self.tk.call(self._w, 'selection', 'anchor', index)
select_anchor = selection_anchor
def selection_clear(self, first, last=None):
"""Clear the selection from FIRST to LAST (included)."""
self.tk.call(self._w,
'selection', 'clear', first, last)
select_clear = selection_clear
def selection_includes(self, index):
"""Return True if INDEX is part of the selection."""
return self.tk.getboolean(self.tk.call(
self._w, 'selection', 'includes', index))
select_includes = selection_includes
def selection_set(self, first, last=None):
"""Set the selection from FIRST to LAST (included) without
changing the currently selected elements."""
self.tk.call(self._w, 'selection', 'set', first, last)
select_set = selection_set
def size(self):
"""Return the number of elements in the listbox."""
return self.tk.getint(self.tk.call(self._w, 'size'))
def itemcget(self, index, option):
"""Return the resource value for an ITEM and an OPTION."""
return self.tk.call(
(self._w, 'itemcget') + (index, '-'+option))
def itemconfigure(self, index, cnf=None, **kw):
"""Configure resources of an ITEM.
The values for resources are specified as keyword arguments.
To get an overview about the allowed keyword arguments
call the method without arguments.
Valid resource names: background, bg, foreground, fg,
selectbackground, selectforeground."""
return self._configure(('itemconfigure', index), cnf, kw)
itemconfig = itemconfigure
class Menu(Widget):
"""Menu widget which allows displaying menu bars, pull-down menus and pop-up menus."""
def __init__(self, master=None, cnf={}, **kw):
"""Construct menu widget with the parent MASTER.
Valid resource names: activebackground, activeborderwidth,
activeforeground, background, bd, bg, borderwidth, cursor,
disabledforeground, fg, font, foreground, postcommand, relief,
selectcolor, takefocus, tearoff, tearoffcommand, title, type."""
Widget.__init__(self, master, 'menu', cnf, kw)
def tk_popup(self, x, y, entry=""):
"""Post the menu at position X,Y with entry ENTRY."""
self.tk.call('tk_popup', self._w, x, y, entry)
def activate(self, index):
"""Activate entry at INDEX."""
self.tk.call(self._w, 'activate', index)
def add(self, itemType, cnf={}, **kw):
"""Internal function."""
self.tk.call((self._w, 'add', itemType) +
self._options(cnf, kw))
def add_cascade(self, cnf={}, **kw):
"""Add hierarchical menu item."""
self.add('cascade', cnf or kw)
def add_checkbutton(self, cnf={}, **kw):
"""Add checkbutton menu item."""
self.add('checkbutton', cnf or kw)
def add_command(self, cnf={}, **kw):
"""Add command menu item."""
self.add('command', cnf or kw)
def add_radiobutton(self, cnf={}, **kw):
"""Add radio menu item."""
self.add('radiobutton', cnf or kw)
def add_separator(self, cnf={}, **kw):
"""Add separator."""
self.add('separator', cnf or kw)
def insert(self, index, itemType, cnf={}, **kw):
"""Internal function."""
self.tk.call((self._w, 'insert', index, itemType) +
self._options(cnf, kw))
def insert_cascade(self, index, cnf={}, **kw):
"""Add hierarchical menu item at INDEX."""
self.insert(index, 'cascade', cnf or kw)
def insert_checkbutton(self, index, cnf={}, **kw):
"""Add checkbutton menu item at INDEX."""
self.insert(index, 'checkbutton', cnf or kw)
def insert_command(self, index, cnf={}, **kw):
"""Add command menu item at INDEX."""
self.insert(index, 'command', cnf or kw)
def insert_radiobutton(self, index, cnf={}, **kw):
"""Add radio menu item at INDEX."""
self.insert(index, 'radiobutton', cnf or kw)
def insert_separator(self, index, cnf={}, **kw):
"""Add separator at INDEX."""
self.insert(index, 'separator', cnf or kw)
def delete(self, index1, index2=None):
"""Delete menu items between INDEX1 and INDEX2 (included)."""
if index2 is None:
index2 = index1
num_index1, num_index2 = self.index(index1), self.index(index2)
if (num_index1 is None) or (num_index2 is None):
num_index1, num_index2 = 0, -1
for i in range(num_index1, num_index2 + 1):
if 'command' in self.entryconfig(i):
c = str(self.entrycget(i, 'command'))
if c:
self.deletecommand(c)
self.tk.call(self._w, 'delete', index1, index2)
def entrycget(self, index, option):
"""Return the resource value of a menu item for OPTION at INDEX."""
return self.tk.call(self._w, 'entrycget', index, '-' + option)
def entryconfigure(self, index, cnf=None, **kw):
"""Configure a menu item at INDEX."""
return self._configure(('entryconfigure', index), cnf, kw)
entryconfig = entryconfigure
def index(self, index):
"""Return the index of a menu item identified by INDEX."""
i = self.tk.call(self._w, 'index', index)
return None if i in ('', 'none') else self.tk.getint(i) # GH-103685.
def invoke(self, index):
"""Invoke a menu item identified by INDEX and execute
the associated command."""
return self.tk.call(self._w, 'invoke', index)
def post(self, x, y):
"""Display a menu at position X,Y."""
self.tk.call(self._w, 'post', x, y)
def type(self, index):
"""Return the type of the menu item at INDEX."""
return self.tk.call(self._w, 'type', index)
def unpost(self):
"""Unmap a menu."""
self.tk.call(self._w, 'unpost')
def xposition(self, index): # new in Tk 8.5
"""Return the x-position of the leftmost pixel of the menu item
at INDEX."""
return self.tk.getint(self.tk.call(self._w, 'xposition', index))
def yposition(self, index):
"""Return the y-position of the topmost pixel of the menu item at INDEX."""
return self.tk.getint(self.tk.call(
self._w, 'yposition', index))
class Menubutton(Widget):
"""Menubutton widget, obsolete since Tk8.0."""
def __init__(self, master=None, cnf={}, **kw):
Widget.__init__(self, master, 'menubutton', cnf, kw)
class Message(Widget):
"""Message widget to display multiline text. Obsolete since Label does it too."""
def __init__(self, master=None, cnf={}, **kw):
Widget.__init__(self, master, 'message', cnf, kw)
class Radiobutton(Widget):
"""Radiobutton widget which shows only one of several buttons in on-state."""
def __init__(self, master=None, cnf={}, **kw):
"""Construct a radiobutton widget with the parent MASTER.
Valid resource names: activebackground, activeforeground, anchor,
background, bd, bg, bitmap, borderwidth, command, cursor,
disabledforeground, fg, font, foreground, height,
highlightbackground, highlightcolor, highlightthickness, image,
indicatoron, justify, padx, pady, relief, selectcolor, selectimage,
state, takefocus, text, textvariable, underline, value, variable,
width, wraplength."""
Widget.__init__(self, master, 'radiobutton', cnf, kw)
def deselect(self):
"""Put the button in off-state."""
self.tk.call(self._w, 'deselect')
def flash(self):
"""Flash the button."""
self.tk.call(self._w, 'flash')
def invoke(self):
"""Toggle the button and invoke a command if given as resource."""
return self.tk.call(self._w, 'invoke')
def select(self):
"""Put the button in on-state."""
self.tk.call(self._w, 'select')
class Scale(Widget):
"""Scale widget which can display a numerical scale."""
def __init__(self, master=None, cnf={}, **kw):
"""Construct a scale widget with the parent MASTER.
Valid resource names: activebackground, background, bigincrement, bd,
bg, borderwidth, command, cursor, digits, fg, font, foreground, from,
highlightbackground, highlightcolor, highlightthickness, label,
length, orient, relief, repeatdelay, repeatinterval, resolution,
showvalue, sliderlength, sliderrelief, state, takefocus,
tickinterval, to, troughcolor, variable, width."""
Widget.__init__(self, master, 'scale', cnf, kw)
def get(self):
"""Get the current value as integer or float."""
value = self.tk.call(self._w, 'get')
try:
return self.tk.getint(value)
except (ValueError, TypeError, TclError):
return self.tk.getdouble(value)
def set(self, value):
"""Set the value to VALUE."""
self.tk.call(self._w, 'set', value)
def coords(self, value=None):
"""Return a tuple (X,Y) of the point along the centerline of the
trough that corresponds to VALUE or the current value if None is
given."""
return self._getints(self.tk.call(self._w, 'coords', value))
def identify(self, x, y):
"""Return where the point X,Y lies. Valid return values are "slider",
"though1" and "though2"."""
return self.tk.call(self._w, 'identify', x, y)
class Scrollbar(Widget):
"""Scrollbar widget which displays a slider at a certain position."""
def __init__(self, master=None, cnf={}, **kw):
"""Construct a scrollbar widget with the parent MASTER.
Valid resource names: activebackground, activerelief,
background, bd, bg, borderwidth, command, cursor,
elementborderwidth, highlightbackground,
highlightcolor, highlightthickness, jump, orient,
relief, repeatdelay, repeatinterval, takefocus,
troughcolor, width."""
Widget.__init__(self, master, 'scrollbar', cnf, kw)
def activate(self, index=None):
"""Marks the element indicated by index as active.
The only index values understood by this method are "arrow1",
"slider", or "arrow2". If any other value is specified then no
element of the scrollbar will be active. If index is not specified,
the method returns the name of the element that is currently active,
or None if no element is active."""
return self.tk.call(self._w, 'activate', index) or None
def delta(self, deltax, deltay):
"""Return the fractional change of the scrollbar setting if it
would be moved by DELTAX or DELTAY pixels."""
return self.tk.getdouble(
self.tk.call(self._w, 'delta', deltax, deltay))
def fraction(self, x, y):
"""Return the fractional value which corresponds to a slider
position of X,Y."""
return self.tk.getdouble(self.tk.call(self._w, 'fraction', x, y))
def identify(self, x, y):
"""Return the element under position X,Y as one of
"arrow1","slider","arrow2" or ""."""
return self.tk.call(self._w, 'identify', x, y)
def get(self):
"""Return the current fractional values (upper and lower end)
of the slider position."""
return self._getdoubles(self.tk.call(self._w, 'get'))
def set(self, first, last):
"""Set the fractional values of the slider position (upper and
lower ends as value between 0 and 1)."""
self.tk.call(self._w, 'set', first, last)
class Text(Widget, XView, YView):
"""Text widget which can display text in various forms."""
def __init__(self, master=None, cnf={}, **kw):
"""Construct a text widget with the parent MASTER.
STANDARD OPTIONS
background, borderwidth, cursor,
exportselection, font, foreground,
highlightbackground, highlightcolor,
highlightthickness, insertbackground,
insertborderwidth, insertofftime,
insertontime, insertwidth, padx, pady,
relief, selectbackground,
selectborderwidth, selectforeground,
setgrid, takefocus,
xscrollcommand, yscrollcommand,
WIDGET-SPECIFIC OPTIONS
autoseparators, height, maxundo,
spacing1, spacing2, spacing3,
state, tabs, undo, width, wrap,
"""
Widget.__init__(self, master, 'text', cnf, kw)
def bbox(self, index):
"""Return a tuple of (x,y,width,height) which gives the bounding
box of the visible part of the character at the given index."""
return self._getints(
self.tk.call(self._w, 'bbox', index)) or None
def compare(self, index1, op, index2):
"""Return whether between index INDEX1 and index INDEX2 the
relation OP is satisfied. OP is one of <, <=, ==, >=, >, or !=."""
return self.tk.getboolean(self.tk.call(
self._w, 'compare', index1, op, index2))
def count(self, index1, index2, *options, return_ints=False): # new in Tk 8.5
"""Counts the number of relevant things between the two indices.
If INDEX1 is after INDEX2, the result will be a negative number
(and this holds for each of the possible options).
The actual items which are counted depends on the options given.
The result is a tuple of integers, one for the result of each
counting option given, if more than one option is specified or
return_ints is false (default), otherwise it is an integer.
Valid counting options are "chars", "displaychars",
"displayindices", "displaylines", "indices", "lines", "xpixels"
and "ypixels". The default value, if no option is specified, is
"indices". There is an additional possible option "update",
which if given then all subsequent options ensure that any
possible out of date information is recalculated.
"""
options = ['-%s' % arg for arg in options]
res = self.tk.call(self._w, 'count', *options, index1, index2)
if not isinstance(res, int):
res = self._getints(res)
if len(res) == 1:
res, = res
if not return_ints:
if not res:
res = None
elif len(options) <= 1:
res = (res,)
return res
def debug(self, boolean=None):
"""Turn on the internal consistency checks of the B-Tree inside the text
widget according to BOOLEAN."""
if boolean is None:
return self.tk.getboolean(self.tk.call(self._w, 'debug'))
self.tk.call(self._w, 'debug', boolean)
def delete(self, index1, index2=None):
"""Delete the characters between INDEX1 and INDEX2 (not included)."""
self.tk.call(self._w, 'delete', index1, index2)
def dlineinfo(self, index):
"""Return tuple (x,y,width,height,baseline) giving the bounding box
and baseline position of the visible part of the line containing
the character at INDEX."""
return self._getints(self.tk.call(self._w, 'dlineinfo', index))
def dump(self, index1, index2=None, command=None, **kw):
"""Return the contents of the widget between index1 and index2.
The type of contents returned in filtered based on the keyword
parameters; if 'all', 'image', 'mark', 'tag', 'text', or 'window' are
given and true, then the corresponding items are returned. The result
is a list of triples of the form (key, value, index). If none of the
keywords are true then 'all' is used by default.
If the 'command' argument is given, it is called once for each element
of the list of triples, with the values of each triple serving as the
arguments to the function. In this case the list is not returned."""
args = []
func_name = None
result = None
if not command:
# Never call the dump command without the -command flag, since the
# output could involve Tcl quoting and would be a pain to parse
# right. Instead just set the command to build a list of triples
# as if we had done the parsing.
result = []
def append_triple(key, value, index, result=result):
result.append((key, value, index))
command = append_triple
try:
if not isinstance(command, str):
func_name = command = self._register(command)
args += ["-command", command]
for key in kw:
if kw[key]: args.append("-" + key)
args.append(index1)
if index2:
args.append(index2)
self.tk.call(self._w, "dump", *args)
return result
finally:
if func_name:
self.deletecommand(func_name)
## new in tk8.4
def edit(self, *args):
"""Internal method
This method controls the undo mechanism and
the modified flag. The exact behavior of the
command depends on the option argument that
follows the edit argument. The following forms
of the command are currently supported:
edit_modified, edit_redo, edit_reset, edit_separator
and edit_undo
"""
return self.tk.call(self._w, 'edit', *args)
def edit_modified(self, arg=None):
"""Get or Set the modified flag
If arg is not specified, returns the modified
flag of the widget. The insert, delete, edit undo and
edit redo commands or the user can set or clear the
modified flag. If boolean is specified, sets the
modified flag of the widget to arg.
"""
return self.edit("modified", arg)
def edit_redo(self):
"""Redo the last undone edit
When the undo option is true, reapplies the last
undone edits provided no other edits were done since
then. Generates an error when the redo stack is empty.
Does nothing when the undo option is false.
"""
return self.edit("redo")
def edit_reset(self):
"""Clears the undo and redo stacks
"""
return self.edit("reset")
def edit_separator(self):
"""Inserts a separator (boundary) on the undo stack.
Does nothing when the undo option is false
"""
return self.edit("separator")
def edit_undo(self):
"""Undoes the last edit action
If the undo option is true. An edit action is defined
as all the insert and delete commands that are recorded
on the undo stack in between two separators. Generates
an error when the undo stack is empty. Does nothing
when the undo option is false
"""
return self.edit("undo")
def get(self, index1, index2=None):
"""Return the text from INDEX1 to INDEX2 (not included)."""
return self.tk.call(self._w, 'get', index1, index2)
# (Image commands are new in 8.0)
def image_cget(self, index, option):
"""Return the value of OPTION of an embedded image at INDEX."""
if option[:1] != "-":
option = "-" + option
if option[-1:] == "_":
option = option[:-1]
return self.tk.call(self._w, "image", "cget", index, option)
def image_configure(self, index, cnf=None, **kw):
"""Configure an embedded image at INDEX."""
return self._configure(('image', 'configure', index), cnf, kw)
def image_create(self, index, cnf={}, **kw):
"""Create an embedded image at INDEX."""
return self.tk.call(
self._w, "image", "create", index,
*self._options(cnf, kw))
def image_names(self):
"""Return all names of embedded images in this widget."""
return self.tk.call(self._w, "image", "names")
def index(self, index):
"""Return the index in the form line.char for INDEX."""
return str(self.tk.call(self._w, 'index', index))
def insert(self, index, chars, *args):
"""Insert CHARS before the characters at INDEX. An additional
tag can be given in ARGS. Additional CHARS and tags can follow in ARGS."""
self.tk.call((self._w, 'insert', index, chars) + args)
def mark_gravity(self, markName, direction=None):
"""Change the gravity of a mark MARKNAME to DIRECTION (LEFT or RIGHT).
Return the current value if None is given for DIRECTION."""
return self.tk.call(
(self._w, 'mark', 'gravity', markName, direction))
def mark_names(self):
"""Return all mark names."""
return self.tk.splitlist(self.tk.call(
self._w, 'mark', 'names'))
def mark_set(self, markName, index):
"""Set mark MARKNAME before the character at INDEX."""
self.tk.call(self._w, 'mark', 'set', markName, index)
def mark_unset(self, *markNames):
"""Delete all marks in MARKNAMES."""
self.tk.call((self._w, 'mark', 'unset') + markNames)
def mark_next(self, index):
"""Return the name of the next mark after INDEX."""
return self.tk.call(self._w, 'mark', 'next', index) or None
def mark_previous(self, index):
"""Return the name of the previous mark before INDEX."""
return self.tk.call(self._w, 'mark', 'previous', index) or None
def peer_create(self, newPathName, cnf={}, **kw): # new in Tk 8.5
"""Creates a peer text widget with the given newPathName, and any
optional standard configuration options. By default the peer will
have the same start and end line as the parent widget, but
these can be overridden with the standard configuration options."""
self.tk.call(self._w, 'peer', 'create', newPathName,
*self._options(cnf, kw))
def peer_names(self): # new in Tk 8.5
"""Returns a list of peers of this widget (this does not include
the widget itself)."""
return self.tk.splitlist(self.tk.call(self._w, 'peer', 'names'))
def replace(self, index1, index2, chars, *args): # new in Tk 8.5
"""Replaces the range of characters between index1 and index2 with
the given characters and tags specified by args.
See the method insert for some more information about args, and the
method delete for information about the indices."""
self.tk.call(self._w, 'replace', index1, index2, chars, *args)
def scan_mark(self, x, y):
"""Remember the current X, Y coordinates."""
self.tk.call(self._w, 'scan', 'mark', x, y)
def scan_dragto(self, x, y):
"""Adjust the view of the text to 10 times the
difference between X and Y and the coordinates given in
scan_mark."""
self.tk.call(self._w, 'scan', 'dragto', x, y)
def search(self, pattern, index, stopindex=None,
forwards=None, backwards=None, exact=None,
regexp=None, nocase=None, count=None, elide=None):
"""Search PATTERN beginning from INDEX until STOPINDEX.
Return the index of the first character of a match or an
empty string."""
args = [self._w, 'search']
if forwards: args.append('-forwards')
if backwards: args.append('-backwards')
if exact: args.append('-exact')
if regexp: args.append('-regexp')
if nocase: args.append('-nocase')
if elide: args.append('-elide')
if count: args.append('-count'); args.append(count)
if pattern and pattern[0] == '-': args.append('--')
args.append(pattern)
args.append(index)
if stopindex: args.append(stopindex)
return str(self.tk.call(tuple(args)))
def see(self, index):
"""Scroll such that the character at INDEX is visible."""
self.tk.call(self._w, 'see', index)
def tag_add(self, tagName, index1, *args):
"""Add tag TAGNAME to all characters between INDEX1 and index2 in ARGS.
Additional pairs of indices may follow in ARGS."""
self.tk.call(
(self._w, 'tag', 'add', tagName, index1) + args)
def tag_unbind(self, tagName, sequence, funcid=None):
"""Unbind for all characters with TAGNAME for event SEQUENCE the
function identified with FUNCID."""
return self._unbind((self._w, 'tag', 'bind', tagName, sequence), funcid)
def tag_bind(self, tagName, sequence, func, add=None):
"""Bind to all characters with TAGNAME at event SEQUENCE a call to function FUNC.
An additional boolean parameter ADD specifies whether FUNC will be
called additionally to the other bound function or whether it will
replace the previous function. See bind for the return value."""
return self._bind((self._w, 'tag', 'bind', tagName),
sequence, func, add)
def _tag_bind(self, tagName, sequence=None, func=None, add=None):
# For tests only
return self._bind((self._w, 'tag', 'bind', tagName),
sequence, func, add)
def tag_cget(self, tagName, option):
"""Return the value of OPTION for tag TAGNAME."""
if option[:1] != '-':
option = '-' + option
if option[-1:] == '_':
option = option[:-1]
return self.tk.call(self._w, 'tag', 'cget', tagName, option)
def tag_configure(self, tagName, cnf=None, **kw):
"""Configure a tag TAGNAME."""
return self._configure(('tag', 'configure', tagName), cnf, kw)
tag_config = tag_configure
def tag_delete(self, *tagNames):
"""Delete all tags in TAGNAMES."""
self.tk.call((self._w, 'tag', 'delete') + tagNames)
def tag_lower(self, tagName, belowThis=None):
"""Change the priority of tag TAGNAME such that it is lower
than the priority of BELOWTHIS."""
self.tk.call(self._w, 'tag', 'lower', tagName, belowThis)
def tag_names(self, index=None):
"""Return a list of all tag names."""
return self.tk.splitlist(
self.tk.call(self._w, 'tag', 'names', index))
def tag_nextrange(self, tagName, index1, index2=None):
"""Return a list of start and end index for the first sequence of
characters between INDEX1 and INDEX2 which all have tag TAGNAME.
The text is searched forward from INDEX1."""
return self.tk.splitlist(self.tk.call(
self._w, 'tag', 'nextrange', tagName, index1, index2))
def tag_prevrange(self, tagName, index1, index2=None):
"""Return a list of start and end index for the first sequence of
characters between INDEX1 and INDEX2 which all have tag TAGNAME.
The text is searched backwards from INDEX1."""
return self.tk.splitlist(self.tk.call(
self._w, 'tag', 'prevrange', tagName, index1, index2))
def tag_raise(self, tagName, aboveThis=None):
"""Change the priority of tag TAGNAME such that it is higher
than the priority of ABOVETHIS."""
self.tk.call(
self._w, 'tag', 'raise', tagName, aboveThis)
def tag_ranges(self, tagName):
"""Return a list of ranges of text which have tag TAGNAME."""
return self.tk.splitlist(self.tk.call(
self._w, 'tag', 'ranges', tagName))
def tag_remove(self, tagName, index1, index2=None):
"""Remove tag TAGNAME from all characters between INDEX1 and INDEX2."""
self.tk.call(
self._w, 'tag', 'remove', tagName, index1, index2)
def window_cget(self, index, option):
"""Return the value of OPTION of an embedded window at INDEX."""
if option[:1] != '-':
option = '-' + option
if option[-1:] == '_':
option = option[:-1]
return self.tk.call(self._w, 'window', 'cget', index, option)
def window_configure(self, index, cnf=None, **kw):
"""Configure an embedded window at INDEX."""
return self._configure(('window', 'configure', index), cnf, kw)
window_config = window_configure
def window_create(self, index, cnf={}, **kw):
"""Create a window at INDEX."""
self.tk.call(
(self._w, 'window', 'create', index)
+ self._options(cnf, kw))
def window_names(self):
"""Return all names of embedded windows in this widget."""
return self.tk.splitlist(
self.tk.call(self._w, 'window', 'names'))
def yview_pickplace(self, *what):
"""Obsolete function, use see."""
self.tk.call((self._w, 'yview', '-pickplace') + what)
class _setit:
"""Internal class. It wraps the command in the widget OptionMenu."""
def __init__(self, var, value, callback=None):
self.__value = value
self.__var = var
self.__callback = callback
def __call__(self, *args):
self.__var.set(self.__value)
if self.__callback is not None:
self.__callback(self.__value, *args)
class OptionMenu(Menubutton):
"""OptionMenu which allows the user to select a value from a menu."""
def __init__(self, master, variable, value, *values, **kwargs):
"""Construct an optionmenu widget with the parent MASTER, with
the resource textvariable set to VARIABLE, the initially selected
value VALUE, the other menu values VALUES and an additional
keyword argument command."""
kw = {"borderwidth": 2, "textvariable": variable,
"indicatoron": 1, "relief": RAISED, "anchor": "c",
"highlightthickness": 2}
Widget.__init__(self, master, "menubutton", kw)
self.widgetName = 'tk_optionMenu'
menu = self.__menu = Menu(self, name="menu", tearoff=0)
self.menuname = menu._w
# 'command' is the only supported keyword
callback = kwargs.get('command')
if 'command' in kwargs:
del kwargs['command']
if kwargs:
raise TclError('unknown option -'+next(iter(kwargs)))
menu.add_command(label=value,
command=_setit(variable, value, callback))
for v in values:
menu.add_command(label=v,
command=_setit(variable, v, callback))
self["menu"] = menu
def __getitem__(self, name):
if name == 'menu':
return self.__menu
return Widget.__getitem__(self, name)
def destroy(self):
"""Destroy this widget and the associated menu."""
Menubutton.destroy(self)
self.__menu = None
class Image:
"""Base class for images."""
_last_id = 0
def __init__(self, imgtype, name=None, cnf={}, master=None, **kw):
self.name = None
if master is None:
master = _get_default_root('create image')
self.tk = getattr(master, 'tk', master)
if not name:
Image._last_id += 1
name = "pyimage%r" % (Image._last_id,) # tk itself would use image<x>
if kw and cnf: cnf = _cnfmerge((cnf, kw))
elif kw: cnf = kw
options = ()
for k, v in cnf.items():
options = options + ('-'+k, v)
self.tk.call(('image', 'create', imgtype, name,) + options)
self.name = name
def __str__(self): return self.name
def __del__(self):
if self.name:
try:
self.tk.call('image', 'delete', self.name)
except TclError:
# May happen if the root was destroyed
pass
def __setitem__(self, key, value):
self.tk.call(self.name, 'configure', '-'+key, value)
def __getitem__(self, key):
return self.tk.call(self.name, 'configure', '-'+key)
def configure(self, **kw):
"""Configure the image."""
res = ()
for k, v in _cnfmerge(kw).items():
if v is not None:
if k[-1] == '_': k = k[:-1]
res = res + ('-'+k, v)
self.tk.call((self.name, 'config') + res)
config = configure
def height(self):
"""Return the height of the image."""
return self.tk.getint(
self.tk.call('image', 'height', self.name))
def type(self):
"""Return the type of the image, e.g. "photo" or "bitmap"."""
return self.tk.call('image', 'type', self.name)
def width(self):
"""Return the width of the image."""
return self.tk.getint(
self.tk.call('image', 'width', self.name))
class PhotoImage(Image):
"""Widget which can display images in PGM, PPM, GIF, PNG format."""
def __init__(self, name=None, cnf={}, master=None, **kw):
"""Create an image with NAME.
Valid resource names: data, format, file, gamma, height, palette,
width."""
Image.__init__(self, 'photo', name, cnf, master, **kw)
def blank(self):
"""Display a transparent image."""
self.tk.call(self.name, 'blank')
def cget(self, option):
"""Return the value of OPTION."""
return self.tk.call(self.name, 'cget', '-' + option)
# XXX config
def __getitem__(self, key):
return self.tk.call(self.name, 'cget', '-' + key)
# XXX copy -from, -to, ...?
def copy(self):
"""Return a new PhotoImage with the same image as this widget."""
destImage = PhotoImage(master=self.tk)
self.tk.call(destImage, 'copy', self.name)
return destImage
def zoom(self, x, y=''):
"""Return a new PhotoImage with the same image as this widget
but zoom it with a factor of x in the X direction and y in the Y
direction. If y is not given, the default value is the same as x.
"""
destImage = PhotoImage(master=self.tk)
if y=='': y=x
self.tk.call(destImage, 'copy', self.name, '-zoom',x,y)
return destImage
def subsample(self, x, y=''):
"""Return a new PhotoImage based on the same image as this widget
but use only every Xth or Yth pixel. If y is not given, the
default value is the same as x.
"""
destImage = PhotoImage(master=self.tk)
if y=='': y=x
self.tk.call(destImage, 'copy', self.name, '-subsample',x,y)
return destImage
def get(self, x, y):
"""Return the color (red, green, blue) of the pixel at X,Y."""
return self.tk.call(self.name, 'get', x, y)
def put(self, data, to=None):
"""Put row formatted colors to image starting from
position TO, e.g. image.put("{red green} {blue yellow}", to=(4,6))"""
args = (self.name, 'put', data)
if to:
if to[0] == '-to':
to = to[1:]
args = args + ('-to',) + tuple(to)
self.tk.call(args)
# XXX read
def write(self, filename, format=None, from_coords=None):
"""Write image to file FILENAME in FORMAT starting from
position FROM_COORDS."""
args = (self.name, 'write', filename)
if format:
args = args + ('-format', format)
if from_coords:
args = args + ('-from',) + tuple(from_coords)
self.tk.call(args)
def transparency_get(self, x, y):
"""Return True if the pixel at x,y is transparent."""
return self.tk.getboolean(self.tk.call(
self.name, 'transparency', 'get', x, y))
def transparency_set(self, x, y, boolean):
"""Set the transparency of the pixel at x,y."""
self.tk.call(self.name, 'transparency', 'set', x, y, boolean)
class BitmapImage(Image):
"""Widget which can display images in XBM format."""
def __init__(self, name=None, cnf={}, master=None, **kw):
"""Create a bitmap with NAME.
Valid resource names: background, data, file, foreground, maskdata, maskfile."""
Image.__init__(self, 'bitmap', name, cnf, master, **kw)
def image_names():
tk = _get_default_root('use image_names()').tk
return tk.splitlist(tk.call('image', 'names'))
def image_types():
tk = _get_default_root('use image_types()').tk
return tk.splitlist(tk.call('image', 'types'))
class Spinbox(Widget, XView):
"""spinbox widget."""
def __init__(self, master=None, cnf={}, **kw):
"""Construct a spinbox widget with the parent MASTER.
STANDARD OPTIONS
activebackground, background, borderwidth,
cursor, exportselection, font, foreground,
highlightbackground, highlightcolor,
highlightthickness, insertbackground,
insertborderwidth, insertofftime,
insertontime, insertwidth, justify, relief,
repeatdelay, repeatinterval,
selectbackground, selectborderwidth
selectforeground, takefocus, textvariable
xscrollcommand.
WIDGET-SPECIFIC OPTIONS
buttonbackground, buttoncursor,
buttondownrelief, buttonuprelief,
command, disabledbackground,
disabledforeground, format, from,
invalidcommand, increment,
readonlybackground, state, to,
validate, validatecommand values,
width, wrap,
"""
Widget.__init__(self, master, 'spinbox', cnf, kw)
def bbox(self, index):
"""Return a tuple of X1,Y1,X2,Y2 coordinates for a
rectangle which encloses the character given by index.
The first two elements of the list give the x and y
coordinates of the upper-left corner of the screen
area covered by the character (in pixels relative
to the widget) and the last two elements give the
width and height of the character, in pixels. The
bounding box may refer to a region outside the
visible area of the window.
"""
return self._getints(self.tk.call(self._w, 'bbox', index)) or None
def delete(self, first, last=None):
"""Delete one or more elements of the spinbox.
First is the index of the first character to delete,
and last is the index of the character just after
the last one to delete. If last isn't specified it
defaults to first+1, i.e. a single character is
deleted. This command returns an empty string.
"""
return self.tk.call(self._w, 'delete', first, last)
def get(self):
"""Returns the spinbox's string"""
return self.tk.call(self._w, 'get')
def icursor(self, index):
"""Alter the position of the insertion cursor.
The insertion cursor will be displayed just before
the character given by index. Returns an empty string
"""
return self.tk.call(self._w, 'icursor', index)
def identify(self, x, y):
"""Returns the name of the widget at position x, y
Return value is one of: none, buttondown, buttonup, entry
"""
return self.tk.call(self._w, 'identify', x, y)
def index(self, index):
"""Returns the numerical index corresponding to index
"""
return self.tk.call(self._w, 'index', index)
def insert(self, index, s):
"""Insert string s at index
Returns an empty string.
"""
return self.tk.call(self._w, 'insert', index, s)
def invoke(self, element):
"""Causes the specified element to be invoked
The element could be buttondown or buttonup
triggering the action associated with it.
"""
return self.tk.call(self._w, 'invoke', element)
def scan(self, *args):
"""Internal function."""
return self._getints(
self.tk.call((self._w, 'scan') + args)) or ()
def scan_mark(self, x):
"""Records x and the current view in the spinbox window;
used in conjunction with later scan dragto commands.
Typically this command is associated with a mouse button
press in the widget. It returns an empty string.
"""
return self.scan("mark", x)
def scan_dragto(self, x):
"""Compute the difference between the given x argument
and the x argument to the last scan mark command
It then adjusts the view left or right by 10 times the
difference in x-coordinates. This command is typically
associated with mouse motion events in the widget, to
produce the effect of dragging the spinbox at high speed
through the window. The return value is an empty string.
"""
return self.scan("dragto", x)
def selection(self, *args):
"""Internal function."""
return self._getints(
self.tk.call((self._w, 'selection') + args)) or ()
def selection_adjust(self, index):
"""Locate the end of the selection nearest to the character
given by index,
Then adjust that end of the selection to be at index
(i.e including but not going beyond index). The other
end of the selection is made the anchor point for future
select to commands. If the selection isn't currently in
the spinbox, then a new selection is created to include
the characters between index and the most recent selection
anchor point, inclusive.
"""
return self.selection("adjust", index)
def selection_clear(self):
"""Clear the selection
If the selection isn't in this widget then the
command has no effect.
"""
return self.selection("clear")
def selection_element(self, element=None):
"""Sets or gets the currently selected element.
If a spinbutton element is specified, it will be
displayed depressed.
"""
return self.tk.call(self._w, 'selection', 'element', element)
def selection_from(self, index):
"""Set the fixed end of a selection to INDEX."""
self.selection('from', index)
def selection_present(self):
"""Return True if there are characters selected in the spinbox, False
otherwise."""
return self.tk.getboolean(
self.tk.call(self._w, 'selection', 'present'))
def selection_range(self, start, end):
"""Set the selection from START to END (not included)."""
self.selection('range', start, end)
def selection_to(self, index):
"""Set the variable end of a selection to INDEX."""
self.selection('to', index)
###########################################################################
class LabelFrame(Widget):
"""labelframe widget."""
def __init__(self, master=None, cnf={}, **kw):
"""Construct a labelframe widget with the parent MASTER.
STANDARD OPTIONS
borderwidth, cursor, font, foreground,
highlightbackground, highlightcolor,
highlightthickness, padx, pady, relief,
takefocus, text
WIDGET-SPECIFIC OPTIONS
background, class, colormap, container,
height, labelanchor, labelwidget,
visual, width
"""
Widget.__init__(self, master, 'labelframe', cnf, kw)
########################################################################
class PanedWindow(Widget):
"""panedwindow widget."""
def __init__(self, master=None, cnf={}, **kw):
"""Construct a panedwindow widget with the parent MASTER.
STANDARD OPTIONS
background, borderwidth, cursor, height,
orient, relief, width
WIDGET-SPECIFIC OPTIONS
handlepad, handlesize, opaqueresize,
sashcursor, sashpad, sashrelief,
sashwidth, showhandle,
"""
Widget.__init__(self, master, 'panedwindow', cnf, kw)
def add(self, child, **kw):
"""Add a child widget to the panedwindow in a new pane.
The child argument is the name of the child widget
followed by pairs of arguments that specify how to
manage the windows. The possible options and values
are the ones accepted by the paneconfigure method.
"""
self.tk.call((self._w, 'add', child) + self._options(kw))
def remove(self, child):
"""Remove the pane containing child from the panedwindow
All geometry management options for child will be forgotten.
"""
self.tk.call(self._w, 'forget', child)
forget = remove
def identify(self, x, y):
"""Identify the panedwindow component at point x, y
If the point is over a sash or a sash handle, the result
is a two element list containing the index of the sash or
handle, and a word indicating whether it is over a sash
or a handle, such as {0 sash} or {2 handle}. If the point
is over any other part of the panedwindow, the result is
an empty list.
"""
return self.tk.call(self._w, 'identify', x, y)
def proxy(self, *args):
"""Internal function."""
return self._getints(
self.tk.call((self._w, 'proxy') + args)) or ()
def proxy_coord(self):
"""Return the x and y pair of the most recent proxy location
"""
return self.proxy("coord")
def proxy_forget(self):
"""Remove the proxy from the display.
"""
return self.proxy("forget")
def proxy_place(self, x, y):
"""Place the proxy at the given x and y coordinates.
"""
return self.proxy("place", x, y)
def sash(self, *args):
"""Internal function."""
return self._getints(
self.tk.call((self._w, 'sash') + args)) or ()
def sash_coord(self, index):
"""Return the current x and y pair for the sash given by index.
Index must be an integer between 0 and 1 less than the
number of panes in the panedwindow. The coordinates given are
those of the top left corner of the region containing the sash.
pathName sash dragto index x y This command computes the
difference between the given coordinates and the coordinates
given to the last sash coord command for the given sash. It then
moves that sash the computed difference. The return value is the
empty string.
"""
return self.sash("coord", index)
def sash_mark(self, index):
"""Records x and y for the sash given by index;
Used in conjunction with later dragto commands to move the sash.
"""
return self.sash("mark", index)
def sash_place(self, index, x, y):
"""Place the sash given by index at the given coordinates
"""
return self.sash("place", index, x, y)
def panecget(self, child, option):
"""Query a management option for window.
Option may be any value allowed by the paneconfigure subcommand
"""
return self.tk.call(
(self._w, 'panecget') + (child, '-'+option))
def paneconfigure(self, tagOrId, cnf=None, **kw):
"""Query or modify the management options for window.
If no option is specified, returns a list describing all
of the available options for pathName. If option is
specified with no value, then the command returns a list
describing the one named option (this list will be identical
to the corresponding sublist of the value returned if no
option is specified). If one or more option-value pairs are
specified, then the command modifies the given widget
option(s) to have the given value(s); in this case the
command returns an empty string. The following options
are supported:
after window
Insert the window after the window specified. window
should be the name of a window already managed by pathName.
before window
Insert the window before the window specified. window
should be the name of a window already managed by pathName.
height size
Specify a height for the window. The height will be the
outer dimension of the window including its border, if
any. If size is an empty string, or if -height is not
specified, then the height requested internally by the
window will be used initially; the height may later be
adjusted by the movement of sashes in the panedwindow.
Size may be any value accepted by Tk_GetPixels.
minsize n
Specifies that the size of the window cannot be made
less than n. This constraint only affects the size of
the widget in the paned dimension -- the x dimension
for horizontal panedwindows, the y dimension for
vertical panedwindows. May be any value accepted by
Tk_GetPixels.
padx n
Specifies a non-negative value indicating how much
extra space to leave on each side of the window in
the X-direction. The value may have any of the forms
accepted by Tk_GetPixels.
pady n
Specifies a non-negative value indicating how much
extra space to leave on each side of the window in
the Y-direction. The value may have any of the forms
accepted by Tk_GetPixels.
sticky style
If a window's pane is larger than the requested
dimensions of the window, this option may be used
to position (or stretch) the window within its pane.
Style is a string that contains zero or more of the
characters n, s, e or w. The string can optionally
contains spaces or commas, but they are ignored. Each
letter refers to a side (north, south, east, or west)
that the window will "stick" to. If both n and s
(or e and w) are specified, the window will be
stretched to fill the entire height (or width) of
its cavity.
width size
Specify a width for the window. The width will be
the outer dimension of the window including its
border, if any. If size is an empty string, or
if -width is not specified, then the width requested
internally by the window will be used initially; the
width may later be adjusted by the movement of sashes
in the panedwindow. Size may be any value accepted by
Tk_GetPixels.
"""
if cnf is None and not kw:
return self._getconfigure(self._w, 'paneconfigure', tagOrId)
if isinstance(cnf, str) and not kw:
return self._getconfigure1(
self._w, 'paneconfigure', tagOrId, '-'+cnf)
self.tk.call((self._w, 'paneconfigure', tagOrId) +
self._options(cnf, kw))
paneconfig = paneconfigure
def panes(self):
"""Returns an ordered list of the child panes."""
return self.tk.splitlist(self.tk.call(self._w, 'panes'))
# Test:
def _test():
root = Tk()
text = "This is Tcl/Tk %s" % root.globalgetvar('tk_patchLevel')
text += "\nThis should be a cedilla: \xe7"
label = Label(root, text=text)
label.pack()
test = Button(root, text="Click me!",
command=lambda root=root: root.test.configure(
text="[%s]" % root.test['text']))
test.pack()
root.test = test
quit = Button(root, text="QUIT", command=root.destroy)
quit.pack()
# The following three commands are needed so the window pops
# up on top on Windows...
root.iconify()
root.update()
root.deiconify()
root.mainloop()
__all__ = [name for name, obj in globals().items()
if not name.startswith('_') and not isinstance(obj, types.ModuleType)
and name not in {'wantobjects'}]
if __name__ == '__main__':
_test()
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