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cpython/Lib/test/test_typing.py

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import contextlib
import collections
import collections.abc
from collections import defaultdict
from functools import lru_cache, wraps
import gc
import inspect
import itertools
import pickle
import re
import sys
import warnings
from unittest import TestCase, main, skipUnless, skip
from unittest.mock import patch
from copy import copy, deepcopy
from typing import Any, NoReturn, Never, assert_never
from typing import overload, get_overloads, clear_overloads
from typing import TypeVar, TypeVarTuple, Unpack, AnyStr
from typing import T, KT, VT # Not in __all__.
from typing import Union, Optional, Literal
from typing import Tuple, List, Dict, MutableMapping
from typing import Callable
from typing import Generic, ClassVar, Final, final, Protocol
from typing import assert_type, cast, runtime_checkable
from typing import get_type_hints
from typing import get_origin, get_args, get_protocol_members
from typing import override
from typing import is_typeddict, is_protocol
from typing import reveal_type
from typing import dataclass_transform
from typing import no_type_check, no_type_check_decorator
from typing import Type
from typing import NamedTuple, NotRequired, Required, TypedDict
from typing import IO, TextIO, BinaryIO
from typing import Pattern, Match
from typing import Annotated, ForwardRef
from typing import Self, LiteralString
from typing import TypeAlias
from typing import ParamSpec, Concatenate, ParamSpecArgs, ParamSpecKwargs
from typing import TypeGuard
import abc
import textwrap
import typing
import weakref
import types
from test.support import import_helper, captured_stderr, cpython_only
from test import mod_generics_cache
from test import _typed_dict_helper
CANNOT_SUBCLASS_TYPE = 'Cannot subclass special typing classes'
NOT_A_BASE_TYPE = "type 'typing.%s' is not an acceptable base type"
CANNOT_SUBCLASS_INSTANCE = 'Cannot subclass an instance of %s'
class BaseTestCase(TestCase):
def assertIsSubclass(self, cls, class_or_tuple, msg=None):
if not issubclass(cls, class_or_tuple):
message = '%r is not a subclass of %r' % (cls, class_or_tuple)
if msg is not None:
message += ' : %s' % msg
raise self.failureException(message)
def assertNotIsSubclass(self, cls, class_or_tuple, msg=None):
if issubclass(cls, class_or_tuple):
message = '%r is a subclass of %r' % (cls, class_or_tuple)
if msg is not None:
message += ' : %s' % msg
raise self.failureException(message)
def clear_caches(self):
for f in typing._cleanups:
f()
def all_pickle_protocols(test_func):
"""Runs `test_func` with various values for `proto` argument."""
@wraps(test_func)
def wrapper(self):
for proto in range(pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
with self.subTest(pickle_proto=proto):
test_func(self, proto=proto)
return wrapper
class Employee:
pass
class Manager(Employee):
pass
class Founder(Employee):
pass
class ManagingFounder(Manager, Founder):
pass
class AnyTests(BaseTestCase):
def test_any_instance_type_error(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
isinstance(42, Any)
def test_repr(self):
self.assertEqual(repr(Any), 'typing.Any')
class Sub(Any): pass
self.assertEqual(
repr(Sub),
f"<class '{__name__}.AnyTests.test_repr.<locals>.Sub'>",
)
def test_errors(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
issubclass(42, Any)
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
Any[int] # Any is not a generic type.
def test_can_subclass(self):
class Mock(Any): pass
self.assertTrue(issubclass(Mock, Any))
self.assertIsInstance(Mock(), Mock)
class Something: pass
self.assertFalse(issubclass(Something, Any))
self.assertNotIsInstance(Something(), Mock)
class MockSomething(Something, Mock): pass
self.assertTrue(issubclass(MockSomething, Any))
ms = MockSomething()
self.assertIsInstance(ms, MockSomething)
self.assertIsInstance(ms, Something)
self.assertIsInstance(ms, Mock)
def test_cannot_instantiate(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
Any()
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
type(Any)()
def test_any_works_with_alias(self):
# These expressions must simply not fail.
typing.Match[Any]
typing.Pattern[Any]
typing.IO[Any]
class BottomTypeTestsMixin:
bottom_type: ClassVar[Any]
def test_equality(self):
self.assertEqual(self.bottom_type, self.bottom_type)
self.assertIs(self.bottom_type, self.bottom_type)
self.assertNotEqual(self.bottom_type, None)
def test_get_origin(self):
self.assertIs(get_origin(self.bottom_type), None)
def test_instance_type_error(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
isinstance(42, self.bottom_type)
def test_subclass_type_error(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
issubclass(Employee, self.bottom_type)
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
issubclass(NoReturn, self.bottom_type)
def test_not_generic(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
self.bottom_type[int]
def test_cannot_subclass(self):
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError,
'Cannot subclass ' + re.escape(str(self.bottom_type))):
class A(self.bottom_type):
pass
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, CANNOT_SUBCLASS_TYPE):
class B(type(self.bottom_type)):
pass
def test_cannot_instantiate(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
self.bottom_type()
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
type(self.bottom_type)()
class NoReturnTests(BottomTypeTestsMixin, BaseTestCase):
bottom_type = NoReturn
def test_repr(self):
self.assertEqual(repr(NoReturn), 'typing.NoReturn')
def test_get_type_hints(self):
def some(arg: NoReturn) -> NoReturn: ...
def some_str(arg: 'NoReturn') -> 'typing.NoReturn': ...
expected = {'arg': NoReturn, 'return': NoReturn}
for target in [some, some_str]:
with self.subTest(target=target):
self.assertEqual(gth(target), expected)
def test_not_equality(self):
self.assertNotEqual(NoReturn, Never)
self.assertNotEqual(Never, NoReturn)
class NeverTests(BottomTypeTestsMixin, BaseTestCase):
bottom_type = Never
def test_repr(self):
self.assertEqual(repr(Never), 'typing.Never')
def test_get_type_hints(self):
def some(arg: Never) -> Never: ...
def some_str(arg: 'Never') -> 'typing.Never': ...
expected = {'arg': Never, 'return': Never}
for target in [some, some_str]:
with self.subTest(target=target):
self.assertEqual(gth(target), expected)
class AssertNeverTests(BaseTestCase):
def test_exception(self):
with self.assertRaises(AssertionError):
assert_never(None)
value = "some value"
with self.assertRaisesRegex(AssertionError, value):
assert_never(value)
# Make sure a huge value doesn't get printed in its entirety
huge_value = "a" * 10000
with self.assertRaises(AssertionError) as cm:
assert_never(huge_value)
self.assertLess(
len(cm.exception.args[0]),
typing._ASSERT_NEVER_REPR_MAX_LENGTH * 2,
)
class SelfTests(BaseTestCase):
def test_equality(self):
self.assertEqual(Self, Self)
self.assertIs(Self, Self)
self.assertNotEqual(Self, None)
def test_basics(self):
class Foo:
def bar(self) -> Self: ...
class FooStr:
def bar(self) -> 'Self': ...
class FooStrTyping:
def bar(self) -> 'typing.Self': ...
for target in [Foo, FooStr, FooStrTyping]:
with self.subTest(target=target):
self.assertEqual(gth(target.bar), {'return': Self})
self.assertIs(get_origin(Self), None)
def test_repr(self):
self.assertEqual(repr(Self), 'typing.Self')
def test_cannot_subscript(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
Self[int]
def test_cannot_subclass(self):
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, CANNOT_SUBCLASS_TYPE):
class C(type(Self)):
pass
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError,
r'Cannot subclass typing\.Self'):
class D(Self):
pass
def test_cannot_init(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
Self()
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
type(Self)()
def test_no_isinstance(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
isinstance(1, Self)
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
issubclass(int, Self)
def test_alias(self):
# TypeAliases are not actually part of the spec
alias_1 = Tuple[Self, Self]
alias_2 = List[Self]
alias_3 = ClassVar[Self]
self.assertEqual(get_args(alias_1), (Self, Self))
self.assertEqual(get_args(alias_2), (Self,))
self.assertEqual(get_args(alias_3), (Self,))
class LiteralStringTests(BaseTestCase):
def test_equality(self):
self.assertEqual(LiteralString, LiteralString)
self.assertIs(LiteralString, LiteralString)
self.assertNotEqual(LiteralString, None)
def test_basics(self):
class Foo:
def bar(self) -> LiteralString: ...
class FooStr:
def bar(self) -> 'LiteralString': ...
class FooStrTyping:
def bar(self) -> 'typing.LiteralString': ...
for target in [Foo, FooStr, FooStrTyping]:
with self.subTest(target=target):
self.assertEqual(gth(target.bar), {'return': LiteralString})
self.assertIs(get_origin(LiteralString), None)
def test_repr(self):
self.assertEqual(repr(LiteralString), 'typing.LiteralString')
def test_cannot_subscript(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
LiteralString[int]
def test_cannot_subclass(self):
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, CANNOT_SUBCLASS_TYPE):
class C(type(LiteralString)):
pass
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError,
r'Cannot subclass typing\.LiteralString'):
class D(LiteralString):
pass
def test_cannot_init(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
LiteralString()
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
type(LiteralString)()
def test_no_isinstance(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
isinstance(1, LiteralString)
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
issubclass(int, LiteralString)
def test_alias(self):
alias_1 = Tuple[LiteralString, LiteralString]
alias_2 = List[LiteralString]
alias_3 = ClassVar[LiteralString]
self.assertEqual(get_args(alias_1), (LiteralString, LiteralString))
self.assertEqual(get_args(alias_2), (LiteralString,))
self.assertEqual(get_args(alias_3), (LiteralString,))
class TypeVarTests(BaseTestCase):
def test_basic_plain(self):
T = TypeVar('T')
# T equals itself.
self.assertEqual(T, T)
# T is an instance of TypeVar
self.assertIsInstance(T, TypeVar)
self.assertEqual(T.__name__, 'T')
self.assertEqual(T.__constraints__, ())
self.assertIs(T.__bound__, None)
self.assertIs(T.__covariant__, False)
self.assertIs(T.__contravariant__, False)
self.assertIs(T.__infer_variance__, False)
self.assertEqual(T.__module__, __name__)
def test_basic_with_exec(self):
ns = {}
exec('from typing import TypeVar; T = TypeVar("T", bound=float)', ns, ns)
T = ns['T']
self.assertIsInstance(T, TypeVar)
self.assertEqual(T.__name__, 'T')
self.assertEqual(T.__constraints__, ())
self.assertIs(T.__bound__, float)
self.assertIs(T.__covariant__, False)
self.assertIs(T.__contravariant__, False)
self.assertIs(T.__infer_variance__, False)
self.assertIs(T.__module__, None)
def test_attributes(self):
T_bound = TypeVar('T_bound', bound=int)
self.assertEqual(T_bound.__name__, 'T_bound')
self.assertEqual(T_bound.__constraints__, ())
self.assertIs(T_bound.__bound__, int)
T_constraints = TypeVar('T_constraints', int, str)
self.assertEqual(T_constraints.__name__, 'T_constraints')
self.assertEqual(T_constraints.__constraints__, (int, str))
self.assertIs(T_constraints.__bound__, None)
T_co = TypeVar('T_co', covariant=True)
self.assertEqual(T_co.__name__, 'T_co')
self.assertIs(T_co.__covariant__, True)
self.assertIs(T_co.__contravariant__, False)
self.assertIs(T_co.__infer_variance__, False)
T_contra = TypeVar('T_contra', contravariant=True)
self.assertEqual(T_contra.__name__, 'T_contra')
self.assertIs(T_contra.__covariant__, False)
self.assertIs(T_contra.__contravariant__, True)
self.assertIs(T_contra.__infer_variance__, False)
T_infer = TypeVar('T_infer', infer_variance=True)
self.assertEqual(T_infer.__name__, 'T_infer')
self.assertIs(T_infer.__covariant__, False)
self.assertIs(T_infer.__contravariant__, False)
self.assertIs(T_infer.__infer_variance__, True)
def test_typevar_instance_type_error(self):
T = TypeVar('T')
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
isinstance(42, T)
def test_typevar_subclass_type_error(self):
T = TypeVar('T')
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
issubclass(int, T)
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
issubclass(T, int)
def test_constrained_error(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
X = TypeVar('X', int)
X
def test_union_unique(self):
X = TypeVar('X')
Y = TypeVar('Y')
self.assertNotEqual(X, Y)
self.assertEqual(Union[X], X)
self.assertNotEqual(Union[X], Union[X, Y])
self.assertEqual(Union[X, X], X)
self.assertNotEqual(Union[X, int], Union[X])
self.assertNotEqual(Union[X, int], Union[int])
self.assertEqual(Union[X, int].__args__, (X, int))
self.assertEqual(Union[X, int].__parameters__, (X,))
self.assertIs(Union[X, int].__origin__, Union)
def test_or(self):
X = TypeVar('X')
# use a string because str doesn't implement
# __or__/__ror__ itself
self.assertEqual(X | "x", Union[X, "x"])
self.assertEqual("x" | X, Union["x", X])
# make sure the order is correct
self.assertEqual(get_args(X | "x"), (X, ForwardRef("x")))
self.assertEqual(get_args("x" | X), (ForwardRef("x"), X))
def test_union_constrained(self):
A = TypeVar('A', str, bytes)
self.assertNotEqual(Union[A, str], Union[A])
def test_repr(self):
self.assertEqual(repr(T), '~T')
self.assertEqual(repr(KT), '~KT')
self.assertEqual(repr(VT), '~VT')
self.assertEqual(repr(AnyStr), '~AnyStr')
T_co = TypeVar('T_co', covariant=True)
self.assertEqual(repr(T_co), '+T_co')
T_contra = TypeVar('T_contra', contravariant=True)
self.assertEqual(repr(T_contra), '-T_contra')
def test_no_redefinition(self):
self.assertNotEqual(TypeVar('T'), TypeVar('T'))
self.assertNotEqual(TypeVar('T', int, str), TypeVar('T', int, str))
def test_cannot_subclass(self):
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, NOT_A_BASE_TYPE % 'TypeVar'):
class V(TypeVar): pass
T = TypeVar("T")
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError,
CANNOT_SUBCLASS_INSTANCE % 'TypeVar'):
class W(T): pass
def test_cannot_instantiate_vars(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
TypeVar('A')()
def test_bound_errors(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
TypeVar('X', bound=Union)
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
TypeVar('X', str, float, bound=Employee)
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError,
r"Bound must be a type\. Got \(1, 2\)\."):
TypeVar('X', bound=(1, 2))
def test_missing__name__(self):
# See bpo-39942
code = ("import typing\n"
"T = typing.TypeVar('T')\n"
)
exec(code, {})
def test_no_bivariant(self):
with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
TypeVar('T', covariant=True, contravariant=True)
def test_cannot_combine_explicit_and_infer(self):
with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
TypeVar('T', covariant=True, infer_variance=True)
with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
TypeVar('T', contravariant=True, infer_variance=True)
def test_var_substitution(self):
T = TypeVar('T')
subst = T.__typing_subst__
self.assertIs(subst(int), int)
self.assertEqual(subst(list[int]), list[int])
self.assertEqual(subst(List[int]), List[int])
self.assertEqual(subst(List), List)
self.assertIs(subst(Any), Any)
self.assertIs(subst(None), type(None))
self.assertIs(subst(T), T)
self.assertEqual(subst(int|str), int|str)
self.assertEqual(subst(Union[int, str]), Union[int, str])
def test_bad_var_substitution(self):
T = TypeVar('T')
bad_args = (
(), (int, str), Union,
Generic, Generic[T], Protocol, Protocol[T],
Final, Final[int], ClassVar, ClassVar[int],
)
for arg in bad_args:
with self.subTest(arg=arg):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
T.__typing_subst__(arg)
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
List[T][arg]
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
list[T][arg]
def test_many_weakrefs(self):
# gh-108295: this used to segfault
for cls in (ParamSpec, TypeVarTuple, TypeVar):
with self.subTest(cls=cls):
vals = weakref.WeakValueDictionary()
for x in range(10):
vals[x] = cls(str(x))
del vals
def template_replace(templates: list[str], replacements: dict[str, list[str]]) -> list[tuple[str]]:
"""Renders templates with possible combinations of replacements.
Example 1: Suppose that:
templates = ["dog_breed are awesome", "dog_breed are cool"]
replacements = ["dog_breed": ["Huskies", "Beagles"]]
Then we would return:
[
("Huskies are awesome", "Huskies are cool"),
("Beagles are awesome", "Beagles are cool")
]
Example 2: Suppose that:
templates = ["Huskies are word1 but also word2"]
replacements = {"word1": ["playful", "cute"],
"word2": ["feisty", "tiring"]}
Then we would return:
[
("Huskies are playful but also feisty"),
("Huskies are playful but also tiring"),
("Huskies are cute but also feisty"),
("Huskies are cute but also tiring")
]
Note that if any of the replacements do not occur in any template:
templates = ["Huskies are word1", "Beagles!"]
replacements = {"word1": ["playful", "cute"],
"word2": ["feisty", "tiring"]}
Then we do not generate duplicates, returning:
[
("Huskies are playful", "Beagles!"),
("Huskies are cute", "Beagles!")
]
"""
# First, build a structure like:
# [
# [("word1", "playful"), ("word1", "cute")],
# [("word2", "feisty"), ("word2", "tiring")]
# ]
replacement_combos = []
for original, possible_replacements in replacements.items():
original_replacement_tuples = []
for replacement in possible_replacements:
original_replacement_tuples.append((original, replacement))
replacement_combos.append(original_replacement_tuples)
# Second, generate rendered templates, including possible duplicates.
rendered_templates = []
for replacement_combo in itertools.product(*replacement_combos):
# replacement_combo would be e.g.
# [("word1", "playful"), ("word2", "feisty")]
templates_with_replacements = []
for template in templates:
for original, replacement in replacement_combo:
template = template.replace(original, replacement)
templates_with_replacements.append(template)
rendered_templates.append(tuple(templates_with_replacements))
# Finally, remove the duplicates (but keep the order).
rendered_templates_no_duplicates = []
for x in rendered_templates:
# Inefficient, but should be fine for our purposes.
if x not in rendered_templates_no_duplicates:
rendered_templates_no_duplicates.append(x)
return rendered_templates_no_duplicates
class TemplateReplacementTests(BaseTestCase):
def test_two_templates_two_replacements_yields_correct_renders(self):
actual = template_replace(
templates=["Cats are word1", "Dogs are word2"],
replacements={
"word1": ["small", "cute"],
"word2": ["big", "fluffy"],
},
)
expected = [
("Cats are small", "Dogs are big"),
("Cats are small", "Dogs are fluffy"),
("Cats are cute", "Dogs are big"),
("Cats are cute", "Dogs are fluffy"),
]
self.assertEqual(actual, expected)
def test_no_duplicates_if_replacement_not_in_templates(self):
actual = template_replace(
templates=["Cats are word1", "Dogs!"],
replacements={
"word1": ["small", "cute"],
"word2": ["big", "fluffy"],
},
)
expected = [
("Cats are small", "Dogs!"),
("Cats are cute", "Dogs!"),
]
self.assertEqual(actual, expected)
class GenericAliasSubstitutionTests(BaseTestCase):
"""Tests for type variable substitution in generic aliases.
For variadic cases, these tests should be regarded as the source of truth,
since we hadn't realised the full complexity of variadic substitution
at the time of finalizing PEP 646. For full discussion, see
https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/91162.
"""
def test_one_parameter(self):
T = TypeVar('T')
Ts = TypeVarTuple('Ts')
Ts2 = TypeVarTuple('Ts2')
class C(Generic[T]): pass
generics = ['C', 'list', 'List']
tuple_types = ['tuple', 'Tuple']
tests = [
# Alias # Args # Expected result
('generic[T]', '[()]', 'TypeError'),
('generic[T]', '[int]', 'generic[int]'),
('generic[T]', '[int, str]', 'TypeError'),
('generic[T]', '[tuple_type[int, ...]]', 'generic[tuple_type[int, ...]]'),
('generic[T]', '[*tuple_type[int]]', 'generic[int]'),
('generic[T]', '[*tuple_type[()]]', 'TypeError'),
('generic[T]', '[*tuple_type[int, str]]', 'TypeError'),
('generic[T]', '[*tuple_type[int, ...]]', 'TypeError'),
('generic[T]', '[*Ts]', 'TypeError'),
('generic[T]', '[T, *Ts]', 'TypeError'),
('generic[T]', '[*Ts, T]', 'TypeError'),
# Raises TypeError because C is not variadic.
# (If C _were_ variadic, it'd be fine.)
('C[T, *tuple_type[int, ...]]', '[int]', 'TypeError'),
# Should definitely raise TypeError: list only takes one argument.
('list[T, *tuple_type[int, ...]]', '[int]', 'list[int, *tuple_type[int, ...]]'),
('List[T, *tuple_type[int, ...]]', '[int]', 'TypeError'),
# Should raise, because more than one `TypeVarTuple` is not supported.
('generic[*Ts, *Ts2]', '[int]', 'TypeError'),
]
for alias_template, args_template, expected_template in tests:
rendered_templates = template_replace(
templates=[alias_template, args_template, expected_template],
replacements={'generic': generics, 'tuple_type': tuple_types}
)
for alias_str, args_str, expected_str in rendered_templates:
with self.subTest(alias=alias_str, args=args_str, expected=expected_str):
if expected_str == 'TypeError':
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
eval(alias_str + args_str)
else:
self.assertEqual(
eval(alias_str + args_str),
eval(expected_str)
)
def test_two_parameters(self):
T1 = TypeVar('T1')
T2 = TypeVar('T2')
Ts = TypeVarTuple('Ts')
class C(Generic[T1, T2]): pass
generics = ['C', 'dict', 'Dict']
tuple_types = ['tuple', 'Tuple']
tests = [
# Alias # Args # Expected result
('generic[T1, T2]', '[()]', 'TypeError'),
('generic[T1, T2]', '[int]', 'TypeError'),
('generic[T1, T2]', '[int, str]', 'generic[int, str]'),
('generic[T1, T2]', '[int, str, bool]', 'TypeError'),
('generic[T1, T2]', '[*tuple_type[int]]', 'TypeError'),
('generic[T1, T2]', '[*tuple_type[int, str]]', 'generic[int, str]'),
('generic[T1, T2]', '[*tuple_type[int, str, bool]]', 'TypeError'),
('generic[T1, T2]', '[int, *tuple_type[str]]', 'generic[int, str]'),
('generic[T1, T2]', '[*tuple_type[int], str]', 'generic[int, str]'),
('generic[T1, T2]', '[*tuple_type[int], *tuple_type[str]]', 'generic[int, str]'),
('generic[T1, T2]', '[*tuple_type[int, str], *tuple_type[()]]', 'generic[int, str]'),
('generic[T1, T2]', '[*tuple_type[()], *tuple_type[int, str]]', 'generic[int, str]'),
('generic[T1, T2]', '[*tuple_type[int], *tuple_type[()]]', 'TypeError'),
('generic[T1, T2]', '[*tuple_type[()], *tuple_type[int]]', 'TypeError'),
('generic[T1, T2]', '[*tuple_type[int, str], *tuple_type[float]]', 'TypeError'),
('generic[T1, T2]', '[*tuple_type[int], *tuple_type[str, float]]', 'TypeError'),
('generic[T1, T2]', '[*tuple_type[int, str], *tuple_type[float, bool]]', 'TypeError'),
('generic[T1, T2]', '[tuple_type[int, ...]]', 'TypeError'),
('generic[T1, T2]', '[tuple_type[int, ...], tuple_type[str, ...]]', 'generic[tuple_type[int, ...], tuple_type[str, ...]]'),
('generic[T1, T2]', '[*tuple_type[int, ...]]', 'TypeError'),
('generic[T1, T2]', '[int, *tuple_type[str, ...]]', 'TypeError'),
('generic[T1, T2]', '[*tuple_type[int, ...], str]', 'TypeError'),
('generic[T1, T2]', '[*tuple_type[int, ...], *tuple_type[str, ...]]', 'TypeError'),
('generic[T1, T2]', '[*Ts]', 'TypeError'),
('generic[T1, T2]', '[T, *Ts]', 'TypeError'),
('generic[T1, T2]', '[*Ts, T]', 'TypeError'),
# This one isn't technically valid - none of the things that
# `generic` can be (defined in `generics` above) are variadic, so we
# shouldn't really be able to do `generic[T1, *tuple_type[int, ...]]`.
# So even if type checkers shouldn't allow it, we allow it at
# runtime, in accordance with a general philosophy of "Keep the
# runtime lenient so people can experiment with typing constructs".
('generic[T1, *tuple_type[int, ...]]', '[str]', 'generic[str, *tuple_type[int, ...]]'),
]
for alias_template, args_template, expected_template in tests:
rendered_templates = template_replace(
templates=[alias_template, args_template, expected_template],
replacements={'generic': generics, 'tuple_type': tuple_types}
)
for alias_str, args_str, expected_str in rendered_templates:
with self.subTest(alias=alias_str, args=args_str, expected=expected_str):
if expected_str == 'TypeError':
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
eval(alias_str + args_str)
else:
self.assertEqual(
eval(alias_str + args_str),
eval(expected_str)
)
def test_three_parameters(self):
T1 = TypeVar('T1')
T2 = TypeVar('T2')
T3 = TypeVar('T3')
class C(Generic[T1, T2, T3]): pass
generics = ['C']
tuple_types = ['tuple', 'Tuple']
tests = [
# Alias # Args # Expected result
('generic[T1, bool, T2]', '[int, str]', 'generic[int, bool, str]'),
('generic[T1, bool, T2]', '[*tuple_type[int, str]]', 'generic[int, bool, str]'),
]
for alias_template, args_template, expected_template in tests:
rendered_templates = template_replace(
templates=[alias_template, args_template, expected_template],
replacements={'generic': generics, 'tuple_type': tuple_types}
)
for alias_str, args_str, expected_str in rendered_templates:
with self.subTest(alias=alias_str, args=args_str, expected=expected_str):
if expected_str == 'TypeError':
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
eval(alias_str + args_str)
else:
self.assertEqual(
eval(alias_str + args_str),
eval(expected_str)
)
def test_variadic_parameters(self):
T1 = TypeVar('T1')
T2 = TypeVar('T2')
Ts = TypeVarTuple('Ts')
class C(Generic[*Ts]): pass
generics = ['C', 'tuple', 'Tuple']
tuple_types = ['tuple', 'Tuple']
tests = [
# Alias # Args # Expected result
('generic[*Ts]', '[()]', 'generic[()]'),
('generic[*Ts]', '[int]', 'generic[int]'),
('generic[*Ts]', '[int, str]', 'generic[int, str]'),
('generic[*Ts]', '[*tuple_type[int]]', 'generic[int]'),
('generic[*Ts]', '[*tuple_type[*Ts]]', 'generic[*Ts]'),
('generic[*Ts]', '[*tuple_type[int, str]]', 'generic[int, str]'),
('generic[*Ts]', '[str, *tuple_type[int, ...], bool]', 'generic[str, *tuple_type[int, ...], bool]'),
('generic[*Ts]', '[tuple_type[int, ...]]', 'generic[tuple_type[int, ...]]'),
('generic[*Ts]', '[tuple_type[int, ...], tuple_type[str, ...]]', 'generic[tuple_type[int, ...], tuple_type[str, ...]]'),
('generic[*Ts]', '[*tuple_type[int, ...]]', 'generic[*tuple_type[int, ...]]'),
('generic[*Ts]', '[*tuple_type[int, ...], *tuple_type[str, ...]]', 'TypeError'),
('generic[*Ts]', '[*Ts]', 'generic[*Ts]'),
('generic[*Ts]', '[T, *Ts]', 'generic[T, *Ts]'),
('generic[*Ts]', '[*Ts, T]', 'generic[*Ts, T]'),
('generic[T, *Ts]', '[()]', 'TypeError'),
('generic[T, *Ts]', '[int]', 'generic[int]'),
('generic[T, *Ts]', '[int, str]', 'generic[int, str]'),
('generic[T, *Ts]', '[int, str, bool]', 'generic[int, str, bool]'),
('generic[list[T], *Ts]', '[()]', 'TypeError'),
('generic[list[T], *Ts]', '[int]', 'generic[list[int]]'),
('generic[list[T], *Ts]', '[int, str]', 'generic[list[int], str]'),
('generic[list[T], *Ts]', '[int, str, bool]', 'generic[list[int], str, bool]'),
('generic[*Ts, T]', '[()]', 'TypeError'),
('generic[*Ts, T]', '[int]', 'generic[int]'),
('generic[*Ts, T]', '[int, str]', 'generic[int, str]'),
('generic[*Ts, T]', '[int, str, bool]', 'generic[int, str, bool]'),
('generic[*Ts, list[T]]', '[()]', 'TypeError'),
('generic[*Ts, list[T]]', '[int]', 'generic[list[int]]'),
('generic[*Ts, list[T]]', '[int, str]', 'generic[int, list[str]]'),
('generic[*Ts, list[T]]', '[int, str, bool]', 'generic[int, str, list[bool]]'),
('generic[T1, T2, *Ts]', '[()]', 'TypeError'),
('generic[T1, T2, *Ts]', '[int]', 'TypeError'),
('generic[T1, T2, *Ts]', '[int, str]', 'generic[int, str]'),
('generic[T1, T2, *Ts]', '[int, str, bool]', 'generic[int, str, bool]'),
('generic[T1, T2, *Ts]', '[int, str, bool, bytes]', 'generic[int, str, bool, bytes]'),
('generic[*Ts, T1, T2]', '[()]', 'TypeError'),
('generic[*Ts, T1, T2]', '[int]', 'TypeError'),
('generic[*Ts, T1, T2]', '[int, str]', 'generic[int, str]'),
('generic[*Ts, T1, T2]', '[int, str, bool]', 'generic[int, str, bool]'),
('generic[*Ts, T1, T2]', '[int, str, bool, bytes]', 'generic[int, str, bool, bytes]'),
('generic[T1, *Ts, T2]', '[()]', 'TypeError'),
('generic[T1, *Ts, T2]', '[int]', 'TypeError'),
('generic[T1, *Ts, T2]', '[int, str]', 'generic[int, str]'),
('generic[T1, *Ts, T2]', '[int, str, bool]', 'generic[int, str, bool]'),
('generic[T1, *Ts, T2]', '[int, str, bool, bytes]', 'generic[int, str, bool, bytes]'),
('generic[T, *Ts]', '[*tuple_type[int, ...]]', 'generic[int, *tuple_type[int, ...]]'),
('generic[T, *Ts]', '[str, *tuple_type[int, ...]]', 'generic[str, *tuple_type[int, ...]]'),
('generic[T, *Ts]', '[*tuple_type[int, ...], str]', 'generic[int, *tuple_type[int, ...], str]'),
('generic[*Ts, T]', '[*tuple_type[int, ...]]', 'generic[*tuple_type[int, ...], int]'),
('generic[*Ts, T]', '[str, *tuple_type[int, ...]]', 'generic[str, *tuple_type[int, ...], int]'),
('generic[*Ts, T]', '[*tuple_type[int, ...], str]', 'generic[*tuple_type[int, ...], str]'),
('generic[T1, *Ts, T2]', '[*tuple_type[int, ...]]', 'generic[int, *tuple_type[int, ...], int]'),
('generic[T, str, *Ts]', '[*tuple_type[int, ...]]', 'generic[int, str, *tuple_type[int, ...]]'),
('generic[*Ts, str, T]', '[*tuple_type[int, ...]]', 'generic[*tuple_type[int, ...], str, int]'),
('generic[list[T], *Ts]', '[*tuple_type[int, ...]]', 'generic[list[int], *tuple_type[int, ...]]'),
('generic[*Ts, list[T]]', '[*tuple_type[int, ...]]', 'generic[*tuple_type[int, ...], list[int]]'),
('generic[T, *tuple_type[int, ...]]', '[str]', 'generic[str, *tuple_type[int, ...]]'),
('generic[T1, T2, *tuple_type[int, ...]]', '[str, bool]', 'generic[str, bool, *tuple_type[int, ...]]'),
('generic[T1, *tuple_type[int, ...], T2]', '[str, bool]', 'generic[str, *tuple_type[int, ...], bool]'),
('generic[T1, *tuple_type[int, ...], T2]', '[str, bool, float]', 'TypeError'),
('generic[T1, *tuple_type[T2, ...]]', '[int, str]', 'generic[int, *tuple_type[str, ...]]'),
('generic[*tuple_type[T1, ...], T2]', '[int, str]', 'generic[*tuple_type[int, ...], str]'),
('generic[T1, *tuple_type[generic[*Ts], ...]]', '[int, str, bool]', 'generic[int, *tuple_type[generic[str, bool], ...]]'),
('generic[*tuple_type[generic[*Ts], ...], T1]', '[int, str, bool]', 'generic[*tuple_type[generic[int, str], ...], bool]'),
]
for alias_template, args_template, expected_template in tests:
rendered_templates = template_replace(
templates=[alias_template, args_template, expected_template],
replacements={'generic': generics, 'tuple_type': tuple_types}
)
for alias_str, args_str, expected_str in rendered_templates:
with self.subTest(alias=alias_str, args=args_str, expected=expected_str):
if expected_str == 'TypeError':
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
eval(alias_str + args_str)
else:
self.assertEqual(
eval(alias_str + args_str),
eval(expected_str)
)
class UnpackTests(BaseTestCase):
def test_accepts_single_type(self):
(*tuple[int],)
Unpack[Tuple[int]]
def test_dir(self):
dir_items = set(dir(Unpack[Tuple[int]]))
for required_item in [
'__args__', '__parameters__', '__origin__',
]:
with self.subTest(required_item=required_item):
self.assertIn(required_item, dir_items)
def test_rejects_multiple_types(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
Unpack[Tuple[int], Tuple[str]]
# We can't do the equivalent for `*` here -
# *(Tuple[int], Tuple[str]) is just plain tuple unpacking,
# which is valid.
def test_rejects_multiple_parameterization(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
(*tuple[int],)[0][tuple[int]]
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
Unpack[Tuple[int]][Tuple[int]]
def test_cannot_be_called(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
Unpack()
def test_usage_with_kwargs(self):
Movie = TypedDict('Movie', {'name': str, 'year': int})
def foo(**kwargs: Unpack[Movie]): ...
self.assertEqual(repr(foo.__annotations__['kwargs']),
f"typing.Unpack[{__name__}.Movie]")
class TypeVarTupleTests(BaseTestCase):
def assertEndsWith(self, string, tail):
if not string.endswith(tail):
self.fail(f"String {string!r} does not end with {tail!r}")
def test_name(self):
Ts = TypeVarTuple('Ts')
self.assertEqual(Ts.__name__, 'Ts')
Ts2 = TypeVarTuple('Ts2')
self.assertEqual(Ts2.__name__, 'Ts2')
def test_module(self):
Ts = TypeVarTuple('Ts')
self.assertEqual(Ts.__module__, __name__)
def test_exec(self):
ns = {}
exec('from typing import TypeVarTuple; Ts = TypeVarTuple("Ts")', ns)
Ts = ns['Ts']
self.assertEqual(Ts.__name__, 'Ts')
self.assertIs(Ts.__module__, None)
def test_instance_is_equal_to_itself(self):
Ts = TypeVarTuple('Ts')
self.assertEqual(Ts, Ts)
def test_different_instances_are_different(self):
self.assertNotEqual(TypeVarTuple('Ts'), TypeVarTuple('Ts'))
def test_instance_isinstance_of_typevartuple(self):
Ts = TypeVarTuple('Ts')
self.assertIsInstance(Ts, TypeVarTuple)
def test_cannot_call_instance(self):
Ts = TypeVarTuple('Ts')
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
Ts()
def test_unpacked_typevartuple_is_equal_to_itself(self):
Ts = TypeVarTuple('Ts')
self.assertEqual((*Ts,)[0], (*Ts,)[0])
self.assertEqual(Unpack[Ts], Unpack[Ts])
def test_parameterised_tuple_is_equal_to_itself(self):
Ts = TypeVarTuple('Ts')
self.assertEqual(tuple[*Ts], tuple[*Ts])
self.assertEqual(Tuple[Unpack[Ts]], Tuple[Unpack[Ts]])
def tests_tuple_arg_ordering_matters(self):
Ts1 = TypeVarTuple('Ts1')
Ts2 = TypeVarTuple('Ts2')
self.assertNotEqual(
tuple[*Ts1, *Ts2],
tuple[*Ts2, *Ts1],
)
self.assertNotEqual(
Tuple[Unpack[Ts1], Unpack[Ts2]],
Tuple[Unpack[Ts2], Unpack[Ts1]],
)
def test_tuple_args_and_parameters_are_correct(self):
Ts = TypeVarTuple('Ts')
t1 = tuple[*Ts]
self.assertEqual(t1.__args__, (*Ts,))
self.assertEqual(t1.__parameters__, (Ts,))
t2 = Tuple[Unpack[Ts]]
self.assertEqual(t2.__args__, (Unpack[Ts],))
self.assertEqual(t2.__parameters__, (Ts,))
def test_var_substitution(self):
Ts = TypeVarTuple('Ts')
T = TypeVar('T')
T2 = TypeVar('T2')
class G1(Generic[*Ts]): pass
class G2(Generic[Unpack[Ts]]): pass
for A in G1, G2, Tuple, tuple:
B = A[*Ts]
self.assertEqual(B[()], A[()])
self.assertEqual(B[float], A[float])
self.assertEqual(B[float, str], A[float, str])
C = A[Unpack[Ts]]
self.assertEqual(C[()], A[()])
self.assertEqual(C[float], A[float])
self.assertEqual(C[float, str], A[float, str])
D = list[A[*Ts]]
self.assertEqual(D[()], list[A[()]])
self.assertEqual(D[float], list[A[float]])
self.assertEqual(D[float, str], list[A[float, str]])
E = List[A[Unpack[Ts]]]
self.assertEqual(E[()], List[A[()]])
self.assertEqual(E[float], List[A[float]])
self.assertEqual(E[float, str], List[A[float, str]])
F = A[T, *Ts, T2]
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
F[()]
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
F[float]
self.assertEqual(F[float, str], A[float, str])
self.assertEqual(F[float, str, int], A[float, str, int])
self.assertEqual(F[float, str, int, bytes], A[float, str, int, bytes])
G = A[T, Unpack[Ts], T2]
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
G[()]
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
G[float]
self.assertEqual(G[float, str], A[float, str])
self.assertEqual(G[float, str, int], A[float, str, int])
self.assertEqual(G[float, str, int, bytes], A[float, str, int, bytes])
H = tuple[list[T], A[*Ts], list[T2]]
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
H[()]
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
H[float]
if A != Tuple:
self.assertEqual(H[float, str],
tuple[list[float], A[()], list[str]])
self.assertEqual(H[float, str, int],
tuple[list[float], A[str], list[int]])
self.assertEqual(H[float, str, int, bytes],
tuple[list[float], A[str, int], list[bytes]])
I = Tuple[List[T], A[Unpack[Ts]], List[T2]]
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
I[()]
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
I[float]
if A != Tuple:
self.assertEqual(I[float, str],
Tuple[List[float], A[()], List[str]])
self.assertEqual(I[float, str, int],
Tuple[List[float], A[str], List[int]])
self.assertEqual(I[float, str, int, bytes],
Tuple[List[float], A[str, int], List[bytes]])
def test_bad_var_substitution(self):
Ts = TypeVarTuple('Ts')
T = TypeVar('T')
T2 = TypeVar('T2')
class G1(Generic[*Ts]): pass
class G2(Generic[Unpack[Ts]]): pass
for A in G1, G2, Tuple, tuple:
B = A[Ts]
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
B[int, str]
C = A[T, T2]
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
C[*Ts]
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
C[Unpack[Ts]]
B = A[T, *Ts, str, T2]
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
B[int, *Ts]
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
B[int, *Ts, *Ts]
C = A[T, Unpack[Ts], str, T2]
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
C[int, Unpack[Ts]]
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
C[int, Unpack[Ts], Unpack[Ts]]
def test_repr_is_correct(self):
Ts = TypeVarTuple('Ts')
class G1(Generic[*Ts]): pass
class G2(Generic[Unpack[Ts]]): pass
self.assertEqual(repr(Ts), 'Ts')
self.assertEqual(repr((*Ts,)[0]), 'typing.Unpack[Ts]')
self.assertEqual(repr(Unpack[Ts]), 'typing.Unpack[Ts]')
self.assertEqual(repr(tuple[*Ts]), 'tuple[typing.Unpack[Ts]]')
self.assertEqual(repr(Tuple[Unpack[Ts]]), 'typing.Tuple[typing.Unpack[Ts]]')
self.assertEqual(repr(*tuple[*Ts]), '*tuple[typing.Unpack[Ts]]')
self.assertEqual(repr(Unpack[Tuple[Unpack[Ts]]]), 'typing.Unpack[typing.Tuple[typing.Unpack[Ts]]]')
def test_variadic_class_repr_is_correct(self):
Ts = TypeVarTuple('Ts')
class A(Generic[*Ts]): pass
class B(Generic[Unpack[Ts]]): pass
self.assertEndsWith(repr(A[()]), 'A[()]')
self.assertEndsWith(repr(B[()]), 'B[()]')
self.assertEndsWith(repr(A[float]), 'A[float]')
self.assertEndsWith(repr(B[float]), 'B[float]')
self.assertEndsWith(repr(A[float, str]), 'A[float, str]')
self.assertEndsWith(repr(B[float, str]), 'B[float, str]')
self.assertEndsWith(repr(A[*tuple[int, ...]]),
'A[*tuple[int, ...]]')
self.assertEndsWith(repr(B[Unpack[Tuple[int, ...]]]),
'B[typing.Unpack[typing.Tuple[int, ...]]]')
self.assertEndsWith(repr(A[float, *tuple[int, ...]]),
'A[float, *tuple[int, ...]]')
self.assertEndsWith(repr(A[float, Unpack[Tuple[int, ...]]]),
'A[float, typing.Unpack[typing.Tuple[int, ...]]]')
self.assertEndsWith(repr(A[*tuple[int, ...], str]),
'A[*tuple[int, ...], str]')
self.assertEndsWith(repr(B[Unpack[Tuple[int, ...]], str]),
'B[typing.Unpack[typing.Tuple[int, ...]], str]')
self.assertEndsWith(repr(A[float, *tuple[int, ...], str]),
'A[float, *tuple[int, ...], str]')
self.assertEndsWith(repr(B[float, Unpack[Tuple[int, ...]], str]),
'B[float, typing.Unpack[typing.Tuple[int, ...]], str]')
def test_variadic_class_alias_repr_is_correct(self):
Ts = TypeVarTuple('Ts')
class A(Generic[Unpack[Ts]]): pass
B = A[*Ts]
self.assertEndsWith(repr(B), 'A[typing.Unpack[Ts]]')
self.assertEndsWith(repr(B[()]), 'A[()]')
self.assertEndsWith(repr(B[float]), 'A[float]')
self.assertEndsWith(repr(B[float, str]), 'A[float, str]')
C = A[Unpack[Ts]]
self.assertEndsWith(repr(C), 'A[typing.Unpack[Ts]]')
self.assertEndsWith(repr(C[()]), 'A[()]')
self.assertEndsWith(repr(C[float]), 'A[float]')
self.assertEndsWith(repr(C[float, str]), 'A[float, str]')
D = A[*Ts, int]
self.assertEndsWith(repr(D), 'A[typing.Unpack[Ts], int]')
self.assertEndsWith(repr(D[()]), 'A[int]')
self.assertEndsWith(repr(D[float]), 'A[float, int]')
self.assertEndsWith(repr(D[float, str]), 'A[float, str, int]')
E = A[Unpack[Ts], int]
self.assertEndsWith(repr(E), 'A[typing.Unpack[Ts], int]')
self.assertEndsWith(repr(E[()]), 'A[int]')
self.assertEndsWith(repr(E[float]), 'A[float, int]')
self.assertEndsWith(repr(E[float, str]), 'A[float, str, int]')
F = A[int, *Ts]
self.assertEndsWith(repr(F), 'A[int, typing.Unpack[Ts]]')
self.assertEndsWith(repr(F[()]), 'A[int]')
self.assertEndsWith(repr(F[float]), 'A[int, float]')
self.assertEndsWith(repr(F[float, str]), 'A[int, float, str]')
G = A[int, Unpack[Ts]]
self.assertEndsWith(repr(G), 'A[int, typing.Unpack[Ts]]')
self.assertEndsWith(repr(G[()]), 'A[int]')
self.assertEndsWith(repr(G[float]), 'A[int, float]')
self.assertEndsWith(repr(G[float, str]), 'A[int, float, str]')
H = A[int, *Ts, str]
self.assertEndsWith(repr(H), 'A[int, typing.Unpack[Ts], str]')
self.assertEndsWith(repr(H[()]), 'A[int, str]')
self.assertEndsWith(repr(H[float]), 'A[int, float, str]')
self.assertEndsWith(repr(H[float, str]), 'A[int, float, str, str]')
I = A[int, Unpack[Ts], str]
self.assertEndsWith(repr(I), 'A[int, typing.Unpack[Ts], str]')
self.assertEndsWith(repr(I[()]), 'A[int, str]')
self.assertEndsWith(repr(I[float]), 'A[int, float, str]')
self.assertEndsWith(repr(I[float, str]), 'A[int, float, str, str]')
J = A[*Ts, *tuple[str, ...]]
self.assertEndsWith(repr(J), 'A[typing.Unpack[Ts], *tuple[str, ...]]')
self.assertEndsWith(repr(J[()]), 'A[*tuple[str, ...]]')
self.assertEndsWith(repr(J[float]), 'A[float, *tuple[str, ...]]')
self.assertEndsWith(repr(J[float, str]), 'A[float, str, *tuple[str, ...]]')
K = A[Unpack[Ts], Unpack[Tuple[str, ...]]]
self.assertEndsWith(repr(K), 'A[typing.Unpack[Ts], typing.Unpack[typing.Tuple[str, ...]]]')
self.assertEndsWith(repr(K[()]), 'A[typing.Unpack[typing.Tuple[str, ...]]]')
self.assertEndsWith(repr(K[float]), 'A[float, typing.Unpack[typing.Tuple[str, ...]]]')
self.assertEndsWith(repr(K[float, str]), 'A[float, str, typing.Unpack[typing.Tuple[str, ...]]]')
def test_cannot_subclass(self):
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, NOT_A_BASE_TYPE % 'TypeVarTuple'):
class C(TypeVarTuple): pass
Ts = TypeVarTuple('Ts')
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError,
CANNOT_SUBCLASS_INSTANCE % 'TypeVarTuple'):
class D(Ts): pass
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, CANNOT_SUBCLASS_TYPE):
class E(type(Unpack)): pass
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, CANNOT_SUBCLASS_TYPE):
class F(type(*Ts)): pass
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, CANNOT_SUBCLASS_TYPE):
class G(type(Unpack[Ts])): pass
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError,
r'Cannot subclass typing\.Unpack'):
class H(Unpack): pass
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r'Cannot subclass typing.Unpack\[Ts\]'):
class I(*Ts): pass
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r'Cannot subclass typing.Unpack\[Ts\]'):
class J(Unpack[Ts]): pass
def test_variadic_class_args_are_correct(self):
T = TypeVar('T')
Ts = TypeVarTuple('Ts')
class A(Generic[*Ts]): pass
class B(Generic[Unpack[Ts]]): pass
C = A[()]
D = B[()]
self.assertEqual(C.__args__, ())
self.assertEqual(D.__args__, ())
E = A[int]
F = B[int]
self.assertEqual(E.__args__, (int,))
self.assertEqual(F.__args__, (int,))
G = A[int, str]
H = B[int, str]
self.assertEqual(G.__args__, (int, str))
self.assertEqual(H.__args__, (int, str))
I = A[T]
J = B[T]
self.assertEqual(I.__args__, (T,))
self.assertEqual(J.__args__, (T,))
K = A[*Ts]
L = B[Unpack[Ts]]
self.assertEqual(K.__args__, (*Ts,))
self.assertEqual(L.__args__, (Unpack[Ts],))
M = A[T, *Ts]
N = B[T, Unpack[Ts]]
self.assertEqual(M.__args__, (T, *Ts))
self.assertEqual(N.__args__, (T, Unpack[Ts]))
O = A[*Ts, T]
P = B[Unpack[Ts], T]
self.assertEqual(O.__args__, (*Ts, T))
self.assertEqual(P.__args__, (Unpack[Ts], T))
def test_variadic_class_origin_is_correct(self):
Ts = TypeVarTuple('Ts')
class C(Generic[*Ts]): pass
self.assertIs(C[int].__origin__, C)
self.assertIs(C[T].__origin__, C)
self.assertIs(C[Unpack[Ts]].__origin__, C)
class D(Generic[Unpack[Ts]]): pass
self.assertIs(D[int].__origin__, D)
self.assertIs(D[T].__origin__, D)
self.assertIs(D[Unpack[Ts]].__origin__, D)
def test_get_type_hints_on_unpack_args(self):
Ts = TypeVarTuple('Ts')
def func1(*args: *Ts): pass
self.assertEqual(gth(func1), {'args': Unpack[Ts]})
def func2(*args: *tuple[int, str]): pass
self.assertEqual(gth(func2), {'args': Unpack[tuple[int, str]]})
class CustomVariadic(Generic[*Ts]): pass
def func3(*args: *CustomVariadic[int, str]): pass
self.assertEqual(gth(func3), {'args': Unpack[CustomVariadic[int, str]]})
def test_get_type_hints_on_unpack_args_string(self):
Ts = TypeVarTuple('Ts')
def func1(*args: '*Ts'): pass
self.assertEqual(gth(func1, localns={'Ts': Ts}),
{'args': Unpack[Ts]})
def func2(*args: '*tuple[int, str]'): pass
self.assertEqual(gth(func2), {'args': Unpack[tuple[int, str]]})
class CustomVariadic(Generic[*Ts]): pass
def func3(*args: '*CustomVariadic[int, str]'): pass
self.assertEqual(gth(func3, localns={'CustomVariadic': CustomVariadic}),
{'args': Unpack[CustomVariadic[int, str]]})
def test_tuple_args_are_correct(self):
Ts = TypeVarTuple('Ts')
self.assertEqual(tuple[*Ts].__args__, (*Ts,))
self.assertEqual(Tuple[Unpack[Ts]].__args__, (Unpack[Ts],))
self.assertEqual(tuple[*Ts, int].__args__, (*Ts, int))
self.assertEqual(Tuple[Unpack[Ts], int].__args__, (Unpack[Ts], int))
self.assertEqual(tuple[int, *Ts].__args__, (int, *Ts))
self.assertEqual(Tuple[int, Unpack[Ts]].__args__, (int, Unpack[Ts]))
self.assertEqual(tuple[int, *Ts, str].__args__,
(int, *Ts, str))
self.assertEqual(Tuple[int, Unpack[Ts], str].__args__,
(int, Unpack[Ts], str))
self.assertEqual(tuple[*Ts, int].__args__, (*Ts, int))
self.assertEqual(Tuple[Unpack[Ts]].__args__, (Unpack[Ts],))
def test_callable_args_are_correct(self):
Ts = TypeVarTuple('Ts')
Ts1 = TypeVarTuple('Ts1')
Ts2 = TypeVarTuple('Ts2')
# TypeVarTuple in the arguments
a = Callable[[*Ts], None]
b = Callable[[Unpack[Ts]], None]
self.assertEqual(a.__args__, (*Ts, type(None)))
self.assertEqual(b.__args__, (Unpack[Ts], type(None)))
c = Callable[[int, *Ts], None]
d = Callable[[int, Unpack[Ts]], None]
self.assertEqual(c.__args__, (int, *Ts, type(None)))
self.assertEqual(d.__args__, (int, Unpack[Ts], type(None)))
e = Callable[[*Ts, int], None]
f = Callable[[Unpack[Ts], int], None]
self.assertEqual(e.__args__, (*Ts, int, type(None)))
self.assertEqual(f.__args__, (Unpack[Ts], int, type(None)))
g = Callable[[str, *Ts, int], None]
h = Callable[[str, Unpack[Ts], int], None]
self.assertEqual(g.__args__, (str, *Ts, int, type(None)))
self.assertEqual(h.__args__, (str, Unpack[Ts], int, type(None)))
# TypeVarTuple as the return
i = Callable[[None], *Ts]
j = Callable[[None], Unpack[Ts]]
self.assertEqual(i.__args__, (type(None), *Ts))
self.assertEqual(j.__args__, (type(None), Unpack[Ts]))
k = Callable[[None], tuple[int, *Ts]]
l = Callable[[None], Tuple[int, Unpack[Ts]]]
self.assertEqual(k.__args__, (type(None), tuple[int, *Ts]))
self.assertEqual(l.__args__, (type(None), Tuple[int, Unpack[Ts]]))
m = Callable[[None], tuple[*Ts, int]]
n = Callable[[None], Tuple[Unpack[Ts], int]]
self.assertEqual(m.__args__, (type(None), tuple[*Ts, int]))
self.assertEqual(n.__args__, (type(None), Tuple[Unpack[Ts], int]))
o = Callable[[None], tuple[str, *Ts, int]]
p = Callable[[None], Tuple[str, Unpack[Ts], int]]
self.assertEqual(o.__args__, (type(None), tuple[str, *Ts, int]))
self.assertEqual(p.__args__, (type(None), Tuple[str, Unpack[Ts], int]))
# TypeVarTuple in both
q = Callable[[*Ts], *Ts]
r = Callable[[Unpack[Ts]], Unpack[Ts]]
self.assertEqual(q.__args__, (*Ts, *Ts))
self.assertEqual(r.__args__, (Unpack[Ts], Unpack[Ts]))
s = Callable[[*Ts1], *Ts2]
u = Callable[[Unpack[Ts1]], Unpack[Ts2]]
self.assertEqual(s.__args__, (*Ts1, *Ts2))
self.assertEqual(u.__args__, (Unpack[Ts1], Unpack[Ts2]))
def test_variadic_class_with_duplicate_typevartuples_fails(self):
Ts1 = TypeVarTuple('Ts1')
Ts2 = TypeVarTuple('Ts2')
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
class C(Generic[*Ts1, *Ts1]): pass
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
class D(Generic[Unpack[Ts1], Unpack[Ts1]]): pass
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
class E(Generic[*Ts1, *Ts2, *Ts1]): pass
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
class F(Generic[Unpack[Ts1], Unpack[Ts2], Unpack[Ts1]]): pass
def test_type_concatenation_in_variadic_class_argument_list_succeeds(self):
Ts = TypeVarTuple('Ts')
class C(Generic[Unpack[Ts]]): pass
C[int, *Ts]
C[int, Unpack[Ts]]
C[*Ts, int]
C[Unpack[Ts], int]
C[int, *Ts, str]
C[int, Unpack[Ts], str]
C[int, bool, *Ts, float, str]
C[int, bool, Unpack[Ts], float, str]
def test_type_concatenation_in_tuple_argument_list_succeeds(self):
Ts = TypeVarTuple('Ts')
tuple[int, *Ts]
tuple[*Ts, int]
tuple[int, *Ts, str]
tuple[int, bool, *Ts, float, str]
Tuple[int, Unpack[Ts]]
Tuple[Unpack[Ts], int]
Tuple[int, Unpack[Ts], str]
Tuple[int, bool, Unpack[Ts], float, str]
def test_variadic_class_definition_using_packed_typevartuple_fails(self):
Ts = TypeVarTuple('Ts')
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
class C(Generic[Ts]): pass
def test_variadic_class_definition_using_concrete_types_fails(self):
Ts = TypeVarTuple('Ts')
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
class F(Generic[*Ts, int]): pass
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
class E(Generic[Unpack[Ts], int]): pass
def test_variadic_class_with_2_typevars_accepts_2_or_more_args(self):
Ts = TypeVarTuple('Ts')
T1 = TypeVar('T1')
T2 = TypeVar('T2')
class A(Generic[T1, T2, *Ts]): pass
A[int, str]
A[int, str, float]
A[int, str, float, bool]
class B(Generic[T1, T2, Unpack[Ts]]): pass
B[int, str]
B[int, str, float]
B[int, str, float, bool]
class C(Generic[T1, *Ts, T2]): pass
C[int, str]
C[int, str, float]
C[int, str, float, bool]
class D(Generic[T1, Unpack[Ts], T2]): pass
D[int, str]
D[int, str, float]
D[int, str, float, bool]
class E(Generic[*Ts, T1, T2]): pass
E[int, str]
E[int, str, float]
E[int, str, float, bool]
class F(Generic[Unpack[Ts], T1, T2]): pass
F[int, str]
F[int, str, float]
F[int, str, float, bool]
def test_variadic_args_annotations_are_correct(self):
Ts = TypeVarTuple('Ts')
def f(*args: Unpack[Ts]): pass
def g(*args: *Ts): pass
self.assertEqual(f.__annotations__, {'args': Unpack[Ts]})
self.assertEqual(g.__annotations__, {'args': (*Ts,)[0]})
def test_variadic_args_with_ellipsis_annotations_are_correct(self):
def a(*args: *tuple[int, ...]): pass
self.assertEqual(a.__annotations__,
{'args': (*tuple[int, ...],)[0]})
def b(*args: Unpack[Tuple[int, ...]]): pass
self.assertEqual(b.__annotations__,
{'args': Unpack[Tuple[int, ...]]})
def test_concatenation_in_variadic_args_annotations_are_correct(self):
Ts = TypeVarTuple('Ts')
# Unpacking using `*`, native `tuple` type
def a(*args: *tuple[int, *Ts]): pass
self.assertEqual(
a.__annotations__,
{'args': (*tuple[int, *Ts],)[0]},
)
def b(*args: *tuple[*Ts, int]): pass
self.assertEqual(
b.__annotations__,
{'args': (*tuple[*Ts, int],)[0]},
)
def c(*args: *tuple[str, *Ts, int]): pass
self.assertEqual(
c.__annotations__,
{'args': (*tuple[str, *Ts, int],)[0]},
)
def d(*args: *tuple[int, bool, *Ts, float, str]): pass
self.assertEqual(
d.__annotations__,
{'args': (*tuple[int, bool, *Ts, float, str],)[0]},
)
# Unpacking using `Unpack`, `Tuple` type from typing.py
def e(*args: Unpack[Tuple[int, Unpack[Ts]]]): pass
self.assertEqual(
e.__annotations__,
{'args': Unpack[Tuple[int, Unpack[Ts]]]},
)
def f(*args: Unpack[Tuple[Unpack[Ts], int]]): pass
self.assertEqual(
f.__annotations__,
{'args': Unpack[Tuple[Unpack[Ts], int]]},
)
def g(*args: Unpack[Tuple[str, Unpack[Ts], int]]): pass
self.assertEqual(
g.__annotations__,
{'args': Unpack[Tuple[str, Unpack[Ts], int]]},
)
def h(*args: Unpack[Tuple[int, bool, Unpack[Ts], float, str]]): pass
self.assertEqual(
h.__annotations__,
{'args': Unpack[Tuple[int, bool, Unpack[Ts], float, str]]},
)
def test_variadic_class_same_args_results_in_equalty(self):
Ts = TypeVarTuple('Ts')
class C(Generic[*Ts]): pass
class D(Generic[Unpack[Ts]]): pass
self.assertEqual(C[int], C[int])
self.assertEqual(D[int], D[int])
Ts1 = TypeVarTuple('Ts1')
Ts2 = TypeVarTuple('Ts2')
self.assertEqual(
C[*Ts1],
C[*Ts1],
)
self.assertEqual(
D[Unpack[Ts1]],
D[Unpack[Ts1]],
)
self.assertEqual(
C[*Ts1, *Ts2],
C[*Ts1, *Ts2],
)
self.assertEqual(
D[Unpack[Ts1], Unpack[Ts2]],
D[Unpack[Ts1], Unpack[Ts2]],
)
self.assertEqual(
C[int, *Ts1, *Ts2],
C[int, *Ts1, *Ts2],
)
self.assertEqual(
D[int, Unpack[Ts1], Unpack[Ts2]],
D[int, Unpack[Ts1], Unpack[Ts2]],
)
def test_variadic_class_arg_ordering_matters(self):
Ts = TypeVarTuple('Ts')
class C(Generic[*Ts]): pass
class D(Generic[Unpack[Ts]]): pass
self.assertNotEqual(
C[int, str],
C[str, int],
)
self.assertNotEqual(
D[int, str],
D[str, int],
)
Ts1 = TypeVarTuple('Ts1')
Ts2 = TypeVarTuple('Ts2')
self.assertNotEqual(
C[*Ts1, *Ts2],
C[*Ts2, *Ts1],
)
self.assertNotEqual(
D[Unpack[Ts1], Unpack[Ts2]],
D[Unpack[Ts2], Unpack[Ts1]],
)
def test_variadic_class_arg_typevartuple_identity_matters(self):
Ts = TypeVarTuple('Ts')
Ts1 = TypeVarTuple('Ts1')
Ts2 = TypeVarTuple('Ts2')
class C(Generic[*Ts]): pass
class D(Generic[Unpack[Ts]]): pass
self.assertNotEqual(C[*Ts1], C[*Ts2])
self.assertNotEqual(D[Unpack[Ts1]], D[Unpack[Ts2]])
class TypeVarTuplePicklingTests(BaseTestCase):
# These are slightly awkward tests to run, because TypeVarTuples are only
# picklable if defined in the global scope. We therefore need to push
# various things defined in these tests into the global scope with `global`
# statements at the start of each test.
@all_pickle_protocols
def test_pickling_then_unpickling_results_in_same_identity(self, proto):
global global_Ts1 # See explanation at start of class.
global_Ts1 = TypeVarTuple('global_Ts1')
global_Ts2 = pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(global_Ts1, proto))
self.assertIs(global_Ts1, global_Ts2)
@all_pickle_protocols
def test_pickling_then_unpickling_unpacked_results_in_same_identity(self, proto):
global global_Ts # See explanation at start of class.
global_Ts = TypeVarTuple('global_Ts')
unpacked1 = (*global_Ts,)[0]
unpacked2 = pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(unpacked1, proto))
self.assertIs(unpacked1, unpacked2)
unpacked3 = Unpack[global_Ts]
unpacked4 = pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(unpacked3, proto))
self.assertIs(unpacked3, unpacked4)
@all_pickle_protocols
def test_pickling_then_unpickling_tuple_with_typevartuple_equality(
self, proto
):
global global_T, global_Ts # See explanation at start of class.
global_T = TypeVar('global_T')
global_Ts = TypeVarTuple('global_Ts')
tuples = [
tuple[*global_Ts],
Tuple[Unpack[global_Ts]],
tuple[T, *global_Ts],
Tuple[T, Unpack[global_Ts]],
tuple[int, *global_Ts],
Tuple[int, Unpack[global_Ts]],
]
for t in tuples:
t2 = pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(t, proto))
self.assertEqual(t, t2)
class UnionTests(BaseTestCase):
def test_basics(self):
u = Union[int, float]
self.assertNotEqual(u, Union)
def test_subclass_error(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
issubclass(int, Union)
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
issubclass(Union, int)
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
issubclass(Union[int, str], int)
def test_union_any(self):
u = Union[Any]
self.assertEqual(u, Any)
u1 = Union[int, Any]
u2 = Union[Any, int]
u3 = Union[Any, object]
self.assertEqual(u1, u2)
self.assertNotEqual(u1, Any)
self.assertNotEqual(u2, Any)
self.assertNotEqual(u3, Any)
def test_union_object(self):
u = Union[object]
self.assertEqual(u, object)
u1 = Union[int, object]
u2 = Union[object, int]
self.assertEqual(u1, u2)
self.assertNotEqual(u1, object)
self.assertNotEqual(u2, object)
def test_unordered(self):
u1 = Union[int, float]
u2 = Union[float, int]
self.assertEqual(u1, u2)
def test_single_class_disappears(self):
t = Union[Employee]
self.assertIs(t, Employee)
def test_base_class_kept(self):
u = Union[Employee, Manager]
self.assertNotEqual(u, Employee)
self.assertIn(Employee, u.__args__)
self.assertIn(Manager, u.__args__)
def test_union_union(self):
u = Union[int, float]
v = Union[u, Employee]
self.assertEqual(v, Union[int, float, Employee])
def test_repr(self):
self.assertEqual(repr(Union), 'typing.Union')
u = Union[Employee, int]
self.assertEqual(repr(u), 'typing.Union[%s.Employee, int]' % __name__)
u = Union[int, Employee]
self.assertEqual(repr(u), 'typing.Union[int, %s.Employee]' % __name__)
T = TypeVar('T')
u = Union[T, int][int]
self.assertEqual(repr(u), repr(int))
u = Union[List[int], int]
self.assertEqual(repr(u), 'typing.Union[typing.List[int], int]')
u = Union[list[int], dict[str, float]]
self.assertEqual(repr(u), 'typing.Union[list[int], dict[str, float]]')
u = Union[int | float]
self.assertEqual(repr(u), 'typing.Union[int, float]')
u = Union[None, str]
self.assertEqual(repr(u), 'typing.Optional[str]')
u = Union[str, None]
self.assertEqual(repr(u), 'typing.Optional[str]')
u = Union[None, str, int]
self.assertEqual(repr(u), 'typing.Union[NoneType, str, int]')
u = Optional[str]
self.assertEqual(repr(u), 'typing.Optional[str]')
def test_dir(self):
dir_items = set(dir(Union[str, int]))
for required_item in [
'__args__', '__parameters__', '__origin__',
]:
with self.subTest(required_item=required_item):
self.assertIn(required_item, dir_items)
def test_cannot_subclass(self):
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError,
r'Cannot subclass typing\.Union'):
class C(Union):
pass
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, CANNOT_SUBCLASS_TYPE):
class D(type(Union)):
pass
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError,
r'Cannot subclass typing\.Union\[int, str\]'):
class E(Union[int, str]):
pass
def test_cannot_instantiate(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
Union()
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
type(Union)()
u = Union[int, float]
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
u()
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
type(u)()
def test_union_generalization(self):
self.assertFalse(Union[str, typing.Iterable[int]] == str)
self.assertFalse(Union[str, typing.Iterable[int]] == typing.Iterable[int])
self.assertIn(str, Union[str, typing.Iterable[int]].__args__)
self.assertIn(typing.Iterable[int], Union[str, typing.Iterable[int]].__args__)
def test_union_compare_other(self):
self.assertNotEqual(Union, object)
self.assertNotEqual(Union, Any)
self.assertNotEqual(ClassVar, Union)
self.assertNotEqual(Optional, Union)
self.assertNotEqual([None], Optional)
self.assertNotEqual(Optional, typing.Mapping)
self.assertNotEqual(Optional[typing.MutableMapping], Union)
def test_optional(self):
o = Optional[int]
u = Union[int, None]
self.assertEqual(o, u)
def test_empty(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
Union[()]
def test_no_eval_union(self):
u = Union[int, str]
def f(x: u): ...
self.assertIs(get_type_hints(f)['x'], u)
def test_function_repr_union(self):
def fun() -> int: ...
self.assertEqual(repr(Union[fun, int]), 'typing.Union[fun, int]')
def test_union_str_pattern(self):
# Shouldn't crash; see http://bugs.python.org/issue25390
A = Union[str, Pattern]
A
def test_etree(self):
# See https://github.com/python/typing/issues/229
# (Only relevant for Python 2.)
from xml.etree.ElementTree import Element
Union[Element, str] # Shouldn't crash
def Elem(*args):
return Element(*args)
Union[Elem, str] # Nor should this
def test_union_of_literals(self):
self.assertEqual(Union[Literal[1], Literal[2]].__args__,
(Literal[1], Literal[2]))
self.assertEqual(Union[Literal[1], Literal[1]],
Literal[1])
self.assertEqual(Union[Literal[False], Literal[0]].__args__,
(Literal[False], Literal[0]))
self.assertEqual(Union[Literal[True], Literal[1]].__args__,
(Literal[True], Literal[1]))
import enum
class Ints(enum.IntEnum):
A = 0
B = 1
self.assertEqual(Union[Literal[Ints.A], Literal[Ints.A]],
Literal[Ints.A])
self.assertEqual(Union[Literal[Ints.B], Literal[Ints.B]],
Literal[Ints.B])
self.assertEqual(Union[Literal[Ints.A], Literal[Ints.B]].__args__,
(Literal[Ints.A], Literal[Ints.B]))
self.assertEqual(Union[Literal[0], Literal[Ints.A], Literal[False]].__args__,
(Literal[0], Literal[Ints.A], Literal[False]))
self.assertEqual(Union[Literal[1], Literal[Ints.B], Literal[True]].__args__,
(Literal[1], Literal[Ints.B], Literal[True]))
class TupleTests(BaseTestCase):
def test_basics(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
issubclass(Tuple, Tuple[int, str])
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
issubclass(tuple, Tuple[int, str])
class TP(tuple): ...
self.assertIsSubclass(tuple, Tuple)
self.assertIsSubclass(TP, Tuple)
def test_equality(self):
self.assertEqual(Tuple[int], Tuple[int])
self.assertEqual(Tuple[int, ...], Tuple[int, ...])
self.assertNotEqual(Tuple[int], Tuple[int, int])
self.assertNotEqual(Tuple[int], Tuple[int, ...])
def test_tuple_subclass(self):
class MyTuple(tuple):
pass
self.assertIsSubclass(MyTuple, Tuple)
self.assertIsSubclass(Tuple, Tuple)
self.assertIsSubclass(tuple, Tuple)
def test_tuple_instance_type_error(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
isinstance((0, 0), Tuple[int, int])
self.assertIsInstance((0, 0), Tuple)
def test_repr(self):
self.assertEqual(repr(Tuple), 'typing.Tuple')
self.assertEqual(repr(Tuple[()]), 'typing.Tuple[()]')
self.assertEqual(repr(Tuple[int, float]), 'typing.Tuple[int, float]')
self.assertEqual(repr(Tuple[int, ...]), 'typing.Tuple[int, ...]')
self.assertEqual(repr(Tuple[list[int]]), 'typing.Tuple[list[int]]')
def test_errors(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
issubclass(42, Tuple)
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
issubclass(42, Tuple[int])
class BaseCallableTests:
def test_self_subclass(self):
Callable = self.Callable
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
issubclass(types.FunctionType, Callable[[int], int])
self.assertIsSubclass(types.FunctionType, Callable)
self.assertIsSubclass(Callable, Callable)
def test_eq_hash(self):
Callable = self.Callable
C = Callable[[int], int]
self.assertEqual(C, Callable[[int], int])
self.assertEqual(len({C, Callable[[int], int]}), 1)
self.assertNotEqual(C, Callable[[int], str])
self.assertNotEqual(C, Callable[[str], int])
self.assertNotEqual(C, Callable[[int, int], int])
self.assertNotEqual(C, Callable[[], int])
self.assertNotEqual(C, Callable[..., int])
self.assertNotEqual(C, Callable)
def test_dir(self):
Callable = self.Callable
dir_items = set(dir(Callable[..., int]))
for required_item in [
'__args__', '__parameters__', '__origin__',
]:
with self.subTest(required_item=required_item):
self.assertIn(required_item, dir_items)
def test_cannot_instantiate(self):
Callable = self.Callable
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
Callable()
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
type(Callable)()
c = Callable[[int], str]
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
c()
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
type(c)()
def test_callable_wrong_forms(self):
Callable = self.Callable
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
Callable[int]
def test_callable_instance_works(self):
Callable = self.Callable
def f():
pass
self.assertIsInstance(f, Callable)
self.assertNotIsInstance(None, Callable)
def test_callable_instance_type_error(self):
Callable = self.Callable
def f():
pass
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
self.assertIsInstance(f, Callable[[], None])
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
self.assertIsInstance(f, Callable[[], Any])
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
self.assertNotIsInstance(None, Callable[[], None])
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
self.assertNotIsInstance(None, Callable[[], Any])
def test_repr(self):
Callable = self.Callable
fullname = f'{Callable.__module__}.Callable'
ct0 = Callable[[], bool]
self.assertEqual(repr(ct0), f'{fullname}[[], bool]')
ct2 = Callable[[str, float], int]
self.assertEqual(repr(ct2), f'{fullname}[[str, float], int]')
ctv = Callable[..., str]
self.assertEqual(repr(ctv), f'{fullname}[..., str]')
ct3 = Callable[[str, float], list[int]]
self.assertEqual(repr(ct3), f'{fullname}[[str, float], list[int]]')
def test_callable_with_ellipsis(self):
Callable = self.Callable
def foo(a: Callable[..., T]):
pass
self.assertEqual(get_type_hints(foo, globals(), locals()),
{'a': Callable[..., T]})
def test_ellipsis_in_generic(self):
Callable = self.Callable
# Shouldn't crash; see https://github.com/python/typing/issues/259
typing.List[Callable[..., str]]
def test_or_and_ror(self):
Callable = self.Callable
self.assertEqual(Callable | Tuple, Union[Callable, Tuple])
self.assertEqual(Tuple | Callable, Union[Tuple, Callable])
def test_basic(self):
Callable = self.Callable
alias = Callable[[int, str], float]
if Callable is collections.abc.Callable:
self.assertIsInstance(alias, types.GenericAlias)
self.assertIs(alias.__origin__, collections.abc.Callable)
self.assertEqual(alias.__args__, (int, str, float))
self.assertEqual(alias.__parameters__, ())
def test_weakref(self):
Callable = self.Callable
alias = Callable[[int, str], float]
self.assertEqual(weakref.ref(alias)(), alias)
def test_pickle(self):
global T_pickle, P_pickle, TS_pickle # needed for pickling
Callable = self.Callable
T_pickle = TypeVar('T_pickle')
P_pickle = ParamSpec('P_pickle')
TS_pickle = TypeVarTuple('TS_pickle')
samples = [
Callable[[int, str], float],
Callable[P_pickle, int],
Callable[P_pickle, T_pickle],
Callable[Concatenate[int, P_pickle], int],
Callable[Concatenate[*TS_pickle, P_pickle], int],
]
for alias in samples:
for proto in range(pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
with self.subTest(alias=alias, proto=proto):
s = pickle.dumps(alias, proto)
loaded = pickle.loads(s)
self.assertEqual(alias.__origin__, loaded.__origin__)
self.assertEqual(alias.__args__, loaded.__args__)
self.assertEqual(alias.__parameters__, loaded.__parameters__)
del T_pickle, P_pickle, TS_pickle # cleaning up global state
def test_var_substitution(self):
Callable = self.Callable
fullname = f"{Callable.__module__}.Callable"
C1 = Callable[[int, T], T]
C2 = Callable[[KT, T], VT]
C3 = Callable[..., T]
self.assertEqual(C1[str], Callable[[int, str], str])
self.assertEqual(C1[None], Callable[[int, type(None)], type(None)])
self.assertEqual(C2[int, float, str], Callable[[int, float], str])
self.assertEqual(C3[int], Callable[..., int])
self.assertEqual(C3[NoReturn], Callable[..., NoReturn])
# multi chaining
C4 = C2[int, VT, str]
self.assertEqual(repr(C4), f"{fullname}[[int, ~VT], str]")
self.assertEqual(repr(C4[dict]), f"{fullname}[[int, dict], str]")
self.assertEqual(C4[dict], Callable[[int, dict], str])
# substitute a nested GenericAlias (both typing and the builtin
# version)
C5 = Callable[[typing.List[T], tuple[KT, T], VT], int]
self.assertEqual(C5[int, str, float],
Callable[[typing.List[int], tuple[str, int], float], int])
def test_type_subst_error(self):
Callable = self.Callable
P = ParamSpec('P')
T = TypeVar('T')
pat = "Expected a list of types, an ellipsis, ParamSpec, or Concatenate."
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, pat):
Callable[P, T][0, int]
def test_type_erasure(self):
Callable = self.Callable
class C1(Callable):
def __call__(self):
return None
a = C1[[int], T]
self.assertIs(a().__class__, C1)
self.assertEqual(a().__orig_class__, C1[[int], T])
def test_paramspec(self):
Callable = self.Callable
fullname = f"{Callable.__module__}.Callable"
P = ParamSpec('P')
P2 = ParamSpec('P2')
C1 = Callable[P, T]
# substitution
self.assertEqual(C1[[int], str], Callable[[int], str])
self.assertEqual(C1[[int, str], str], Callable[[int, str], str])
self.assertEqual(C1[[], str], Callable[[], str])
self.assertEqual(C1[..., str], Callable[..., str])
self.assertEqual(C1[P2, str], Callable[P2, str])
self.assertEqual(C1[Concatenate[int, P2], str],
Callable[Concatenate[int, P2], str])
self.assertEqual(repr(C1), f"{fullname}[~P, ~T]")
self.assertEqual(repr(C1[[int, str], str]), f"{fullname}[[int, str], str]")
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
C1[int, str]
C2 = Callable[P, int]
self.assertEqual(C2[[int]], Callable[[int], int])
self.assertEqual(C2[[int, str]], Callable[[int, str], int])
self.assertEqual(C2[[]], Callable[[], int])
self.assertEqual(C2[...], Callable[..., int])
self.assertEqual(C2[P2], Callable[P2, int])
self.assertEqual(C2[Concatenate[int, P2]],
Callable[Concatenate[int, P2], int])
# special case in PEP 612 where
# X[int, str, float] == X[[int, str, float]]
self.assertEqual(C2[int], Callable[[int], int])
self.assertEqual(C2[int, str], Callable[[int, str], int])
self.assertEqual(repr(C2), f"{fullname}[~P, int]")
self.assertEqual(repr(C2[int, str]), f"{fullname}[[int, str], int]")
def test_concatenate(self):
Callable = self.Callable
fullname = f"{Callable.__module__}.Callable"
T = TypeVar('T')
P = ParamSpec('P')
P2 = ParamSpec('P2')
C = Callable[Concatenate[int, P], T]
self.assertEqual(repr(C),
f"{fullname}[typing.Concatenate[int, ~P], ~T]")
self.assertEqual(C[P2, int], Callable[Concatenate[int, P2], int])
self.assertEqual(C[[str, float], int], Callable[[int, str, float], int])
self.assertEqual(C[[], int], Callable[[int], int])
self.assertEqual(C[Concatenate[str, P2], int],
Callable[Concatenate[int, str, P2], int])
self.assertEqual(C[..., int], Callable[Concatenate[int, ...], int])
C = Callable[Concatenate[int, P], int]
self.assertEqual(repr(C),
f"{fullname}[typing.Concatenate[int, ~P], int]")
self.assertEqual(C[P2], Callable[Concatenate[int, P2], int])
self.assertEqual(C[[str, float]], Callable[[int, str, float], int])
self.assertEqual(C[str, float], Callable[[int, str, float], int])
self.assertEqual(C[[]], Callable[[int], int])
self.assertEqual(C[Concatenate[str, P2]],
Callable[Concatenate[int, str, P2], int])
self.assertEqual(C[...], Callable[Concatenate[int, ...], int])
def test_nested_paramspec(self):
# Since Callable has some special treatment, we want to be sure
# that substituion works correctly, see gh-103054
Callable = self.Callable
P = ParamSpec('P')
P2 = ParamSpec('P2')
T = TypeVar('T')
T2 = TypeVar('T2')
Ts = TypeVarTuple('Ts')
class My(Generic[P, T]):
pass
self.assertEqual(My.__parameters__, (P, T))
C1 = My[[int, T2], Callable[P2, T2]]
self.assertEqual(C1.__args__, ((int, T2), Callable[P2, T2]))
self.assertEqual(C1.__parameters__, (T2, P2))
self.assertEqual(C1[str, [list[int], bytes]],
My[[int, str], Callable[[list[int], bytes], str]])
C2 = My[[Callable[[T2], int], list[T2]], str]
self.assertEqual(C2.__args__, ((Callable[[T2], int], list[T2]), str))
self.assertEqual(C2.__parameters__, (T2,))
self.assertEqual(C2[list[str]],
My[[Callable[[list[str]], int], list[list[str]]], str])
C3 = My[[Callable[P2, T2], T2], T2]
self.assertEqual(C3.__args__, ((Callable[P2, T2], T2), T2))
self.assertEqual(C3.__parameters__, (P2, T2))
self.assertEqual(C3[[], int],
My[[Callable[[], int], int], int])
self.assertEqual(C3[[str, bool], int],
My[[Callable[[str, bool], int], int], int])
self.assertEqual(C3[[str, bool], T][int],
My[[Callable[[str, bool], int], int], int])
C4 = My[[Callable[[int, *Ts, str], T2], T2], T2]
self.assertEqual(C4.__args__, ((Callable[[int, *Ts, str], T2], T2), T2))
self.assertEqual(C4.__parameters__, (Ts, T2))
self.assertEqual(C4[bool, bytes, float],
My[[Callable[[int, bool, bytes, str], float], float], float])
def test_errors(self):
Callable = self.Callable
alias = Callable[[int, str], float]
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "is not a generic class"):
alias[int]
P = ParamSpec('P')
C1 = Callable[P, T]
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "many arguments for"):
C1[int, str, str]
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "few arguments for"):
C1[int]
class TypingCallableTests(BaseCallableTests, BaseTestCase):
Callable = typing.Callable
def test_consistency(self):
# bpo-42195
# Testing collections.abc.Callable's consistency with typing.Callable
c1 = typing.Callable[[int, str], dict]
c2 = collections.abc.Callable[[int, str], dict]
self.assertEqual(c1.__args__, c2.__args__)
self.assertEqual(hash(c1.__args__), hash(c2.__args__))
class CollectionsCallableTests(BaseCallableTests, BaseTestCase):
Callable = collections.abc.Callable
class LiteralTests(BaseTestCase):
def test_basics(self):
# All of these are allowed.
Literal[1]
Literal[1, 2, 3]
Literal["x", "y", "z"]
Literal[None]
Literal[True]
Literal[1, "2", False]
Literal[Literal[1, 2], Literal[4, 5]]
Literal[b"foo", u"bar"]
def test_enum(self):
import enum
class My(enum.Enum):
A = 'A'
self.assertEqual(Literal[My.A].__args__, (My.A,))
def test_illegal_parameters_do_not_raise_runtime_errors(self):
# Type checkers should reject these types, but we do not
# raise errors at runtime to maintain maximum flexibility.
Literal[int]
Literal[3j + 2, ..., ()]
Literal[{"foo": 3, "bar": 4}]
Literal[T]
def test_literals_inside_other_types(self):
List[Literal[1, 2, 3]]
List[Literal[("foo", "bar", "baz")]]
def test_repr(self):
self.assertEqual(repr(Literal[1]), "typing.Literal[1]")
self.assertEqual(repr(Literal[1, True, "foo"]), "typing.Literal[1, True, 'foo']")
self.assertEqual(repr(Literal[int]), "typing.Literal[int]")
self.assertEqual(repr(Literal), "typing.Literal")
self.assertEqual(repr(Literal[None]), "typing.Literal[None]")
self.assertEqual(repr(Literal[1, 2, 3, 3]), "typing.Literal[1, 2, 3]")
def test_dir(self):
dir_items = set(dir(Literal[1, 2, 3]))
for required_item in [
'__args__', '__parameters__', '__origin__',
]:
with self.subTest(required_item=required_item):
self.assertIn(required_item, dir_items)
def test_cannot_init(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
Literal()
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
Literal[1]()
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
type(Literal)()
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
type(Literal[1])()
def test_no_isinstance_or_issubclass(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
isinstance(1, Literal[1])
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
isinstance(int, Literal[1])
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
issubclass(1, Literal[1])
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
issubclass(int, Literal[1])
def test_no_subclassing(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
class Foo(Literal[1]): pass
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
class Bar(Literal): pass
def test_no_multiple_subscripts(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
Literal[1][1]
def test_equal(self):
self.assertNotEqual(Literal[0], Literal[False])
self.assertNotEqual(Literal[True], Literal[1])
self.assertNotEqual(Literal[1], Literal[2])
self.assertNotEqual(Literal[1, True], Literal[1])
self.assertNotEqual(Literal[1, True], Literal[1, 1])
self.assertNotEqual(Literal[1, 2], Literal[True, 2])
self.assertEqual(Literal[1], Literal[1])
self.assertEqual(Literal[1, 2], Literal[2, 1])
self.assertEqual(Literal[1, 2, 3], Literal[1, 2, 3, 3])
def test_hash(self):
self.assertEqual(hash(Literal[1]), hash(Literal[1]))
self.assertEqual(hash(Literal[1, 2]), hash(Literal[2, 1]))
self.assertEqual(hash(Literal[1, 2, 3]), hash(Literal[1, 2, 3, 3]))
def test_args(self):
self.assertEqual(Literal[1, 2, 3].__args__, (1, 2, 3))
self.assertEqual(Literal[1, 2, 3, 3].__args__, (1, 2, 3))
self.assertEqual(Literal[1, Literal[2], Literal[3, 4]].__args__, (1, 2, 3, 4))
# Mutable arguments will not be deduplicated
self.assertEqual(Literal[[], []].__args__, ([], []))
def test_flatten(self):
l1 = Literal[Literal[1], Literal[2], Literal[3]]
l2 = Literal[Literal[1, 2], 3]
l3 = Literal[Literal[1, 2, 3]]
for l in l1, l2, l3:
self.assertEqual(l, Literal[1, 2, 3])
self.assertEqual(l.__args__, (1, 2, 3))
def test_does_not_flatten_enum(self):
import enum
class Ints(enum.IntEnum):
A = 1
B = 2
l = Literal[
Literal[Ints.A],
Literal[Ints.B],
Literal[1],
Literal[2],
]
self.assertEqual(l.__args__, (Ints.A, Ints.B, 1, 2))
XK = TypeVar('XK', str, bytes)
XV = TypeVar('XV')
class SimpleMapping(Generic[XK, XV]):
def __getitem__(self, key: XK) -> XV:
...
def __setitem__(self, key: XK, value: XV):
...
def get(self, key: XK, default: XV = None) -> XV:
...
class MySimpleMapping(SimpleMapping[XK, XV]):
def __init__(self):
self.store = {}
def __getitem__(self, key: str):
return self.store[key]
def __setitem__(self, key: str, value):
self.store[key] = value
def get(self, key: str, default=None):
try:
return self.store[key]
except KeyError:
return default
class Coordinate(Protocol):
x: int
y: int
@runtime_checkable
class Point(Coordinate, Protocol):
label: str
class MyPoint:
x: int
y: int
label: str
class XAxis(Protocol):
x: int
class YAxis(Protocol):
y: int
@runtime_checkable
class Position(XAxis, YAxis, Protocol):
pass
@runtime_checkable
class Proto(Protocol):
attr: int
def meth(self, arg: str) -> int:
...
class Concrete(Proto):
pass
class Other:
attr: int = 1
def meth(self, arg: str) -> int:
if arg == 'this':
return 1
return 0
class NT(NamedTuple):
x: int
y: int
@runtime_checkable
class HasCallProtocol(Protocol):
__call__: typing.Callable
class ProtocolTests(BaseTestCase):
def test_basic_protocol(self):
@runtime_checkable
class P(Protocol):
def meth(self):
pass
class C: pass
class D:
def meth(self):
pass
def f():
pass
self.assertIsSubclass(D, P)
self.assertIsInstance(D(), P)
self.assertNotIsSubclass(C, P)
self.assertNotIsInstance(C(), P)
self.assertNotIsSubclass(types.FunctionType, P)
self.assertNotIsInstance(f, P)
def test_runtime_checkable_generic_non_protocol(self):
# Make sure this doesn't raise AttributeError
with self.assertRaisesRegex(
TypeError,
"@runtime_checkable can be only applied to protocol classes",
):
@runtime_checkable
class Foo[T]: ...
def test_runtime_checkable_generic(self):
@runtime_checkable
class Foo[T](Protocol):
def meth(self) -> T: ...
class Impl:
def meth(self) -> int: ...
self.assertIsSubclass(Impl, Foo)
class NotImpl:
def method(self) -> int: ...
self.assertNotIsSubclass(NotImpl, Foo)
def test_pep695_generics_can_be_runtime_checkable(self):
@runtime_checkable
class HasX(Protocol):
x: int
class Bar[T]:
x: T
def __init__(self, x):
self.x = x
class Capybara[T]:
y: str
def __init__(self, y):
self.y = y
self.assertIsInstance(Bar(1), HasX)
self.assertNotIsInstance(Capybara('a'), HasX)
def test_everything_implements_empty_protocol(self):
@runtime_checkable
class Empty(Protocol):
pass
class C:
pass
def f():
pass
for thing in (object, type, tuple, C, types.FunctionType):
self.assertIsSubclass(thing, Empty)
for thing in (object(), 1, (), typing, f):
self.assertIsInstance(thing, Empty)
def test_function_implements_protocol(self):
def f():
pass
self.assertIsInstance(f, HasCallProtocol)
def test_no_inheritance_from_nominal(self):
class C: pass
class BP(Protocol): pass
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
class P(C, Protocol):
pass
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
class Q(Protocol, C):
pass
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
class R(BP, C, Protocol):
pass
class D(BP, C): pass
class E(C, BP): pass
self.assertNotIsInstance(D(), E)
self.assertNotIsInstance(E(), D)
def test_no_instantiation(self):
class P(Protocol): pass
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
P()
class C(P): pass
self.assertIsInstance(C(), C)
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
C(42)
T = TypeVar('T')
class PG(Protocol[T]): pass
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
PG()
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
PG[int]()
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
PG[T]()
class CG(PG[T]): pass
self.assertIsInstance(CG[int](), CG)
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
CG[int](42)
def test_protocol_defining_init_does_not_get_overridden(self):
# check that P.__init__ doesn't get clobbered
# see https://bugs.python.org/issue44807
class P(Protocol):
x: int
def __init__(self, x: int) -> None:
self.x = x
class C: pass
c = C()
P.__init__(c, 1)
self.assertEqual(c.x, 1)
def test_concrete_class_inheriting_init_from_protocol(self):
class P(Protocol):
x: int
def __init__(self, x: int) -> None:
self.x = x
class C(P): pass
c = C(1)
self.assertIsInstance(c, C)
self.assertEqual(c.x, 1)
def test_cannot_instantiate_abstract(self):
@runtime_checkable
class P(Protocol):
@abc.abstractmethod
def ameth(self) -> int:
raise NotImplementedError
class B(P):
pass
class C(B):
def ameth(self) -> int:
return 26
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
B()
self.assertIsInstance(C(), P)
def test_subprotocols_extending(self):
class P1(Protocol):
def meth1(self):
pass
@runtime_checkable
class P2(P1, Protocol):
def meth2(self):
pass
class C:
def meth1(self):
pass
def meth2(self):
pass
class C1:
def meth1(self):
pass
class C2:
def meth2(self):
pass
self.assertNotIsInstance(C1(), P2)
self.assertNotIsInstance(C2(), P2)
self.assertNotIsSubclass(C1, P2)
self.assertNotIsSubclass(C2, P2)
self.assertIsInstance(C(), P2)
self.assertIsSubclass(C, P2)
def test_subprotocols_merging(self):
class P1(Protocol):
def meth1(self):
pass
class P2(Protocol):
def meth2(self):
pass
@runtime_checkable
class P(P1, P2, Protocol):
pass
class C:
def meth1(self):
pass
def meth2(self):
pass
class C1:
def meth1(self):
pass
class C2:
def meth2(self):
pass
self.assertNotIsInstance(C1(), P)
self.assertNotIsInstance(C2(), P)
self.assertNotIsSubclass(C1, P)
self.assertNotIsSubclass(C2, P)
self.assertIsInstance(C(), P)
self.assertIsSubclass(C, P)
def test_protocols_issubclass(self):
T = TypeVar('T')
@runtime_checkable
class P(Protocol):
def x(self): ...
@runtime_checkable
class PG(Protocol[T]):
def x(self): ...
class BadP(Protocol):
def x(self): ...
class BadPG(Protocol[T]):
def x(self): ...
class C:
def x(self): ...
self.assertIsSubclass(C, P)
self.assertIsSubclass(C, PG)
self.assertIsSubclass(BadP, PG)
no_subscripted_generics = (
"Subscripted generics cannot be used with class and instance checks"
)
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, no_subscripted_generics):
issubclass(C, PG[T])
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, no_subscripted_generics):
issubclass(C, PG[C])
only_runtime_checkable_protocols = (
"Instance and class checks can only be used with "
"@runtime_checkable protocols"
)
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, only_runtime_checkable_protocols):
issubclass(C, BadP)
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, only_runtime_checkable_protocols):
issubclass(C, BadPG)
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, no_subscripted_generics):
issubclass(P, PG[T])
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, no_subscripted_generics):
issubclass(PG, PG[int])
only_classes_allowed = r"issubclass\(\) arg 1 must be a class"
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, only_classes_allowed):
issubclass(1, P)
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, only_classes_allowed):
issubclass(1, PG)
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, only_classes_allowed):
issubclass(1, BadP)
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, only_classes_allowed):
issubclass(1, BadPG)
def test_implicit_issubclass_between_two_protocols(self):
@runtime_checkable
class CallableMembersProto(Protocol):
def meth(self): ...
# All the below protocols should be considered "subclasses"
# of CallableMembersProto at runtime,
# even though none of them explicitly subclass CallableMembersProto
class IdenticalProto(Protocol):
def meth(self): ...
class SupersetProto(Protocol):
def meth(self): ...
def meth2(self): ...
class NonCallableMembersProto(Protocol):
meth: Callable[[], None]
class NonCallableMembersSupersetProto(Protocol):
meth: Callable[[], None]
meth2: Callable[[str, int], bool]
class MixedMembersProto1(Protocol):
meth: Callable[[], None]
def meth2(self): ...
class MixedMembersProto2(Protocol):
def meth(self): ...
meth2: Callable[[str, int], bool]
for proto in (
IdenticalProto, SupersetProto, NonCallableMembersProto,
NonCallableMembersSupersetProto, MixedMembersProto1, MixedMembersProto2
):
with self.subTest(proto=proto.__name__):
self.assertIsSubclass(proto, CallableMembersProto)
# These two shouldn't be considered subclasses of CallableMembersProto, however,
# since they don't have the `meth` protocol member
class EmptyProtocol(Protocol): ...
class UnrelatedProtocol(Protocol):
def wut(self): ...
self.assertNotIsSubclass(EmptyProtocol, CallableMembersProto)
self.assertNotIsSubclass(UnrelatedProtocol, CallableMembersProto)
# These aren't protocols at all (despite having annotations),
# so they should only be considered subclasses of CallableMembersProto
# if they *actually have an attribute* matching the `meth` member
# (just having an annotation is insufficient)
class AnnotatedButNotAProtocol:
meth: Callable[[], None]
class NotAProtocolButAnImplicitSubclass:
def meth(self): pass
class NotAProtocolButAnImplicitSubclass2:
meth: Callable[[], None]
def meth(self): pass
class NotAProtocolButAnImplicitSubclass3:
meth: Callable[[], None]
meth2: Callable[[int, str], bool]
def meth(self): pass
def meth2(self, x, y): return True
self.assertNotIsSubclass(AnnotatedButNotAProtocol, CallableMembersProto)
self.assertIsSubclass(NotAProtocolButAnImplicitSubclass, CallableMembersProto)
self.assertIsSubclass(NotAProtocolButAnImplicitSubclass2, CallableMembersProto)
self.assertIsSubclass(NotAProtocolButAnImplicitSubclass3, CallableMembersProto)
def test_isinstance_checks_not_at_whim_of_gc(self):
self.addCleanup(gc.enable)
gc.disable()
with self.assertRaisesRegex(
TypeError,
"Protocols can only inherit from other protocols"
):
class Foo(collections.abc.Mapping, Protocol):
pass
self.assertNotIsInstance([], collections.abc.Mapping)
def test_issubclass_and_isinstance_on_Protocol_itself(self):
class C:
def x(self): pass
self.assertNotIsSubclass(object, Protocol)
self.assertNotIsInstance(object(), Protocol)
self.assertNotIsSubclass(str, Protocol)
self.assertNotIsInstance('foo', Protocol)
self.assertNotIsSubclass(C, Protocol)
self.assertNotIsInstance(C(), Protocol)
only_classes_allowed = r"issubclass\(\) arg 1 must be a class"
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, only_classes_allowed):
issubclass(1, Protocol)
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, only_classes_allowed):
issubclass('foo', Protocol)
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, only_classes_allowed):
issubclass(C(), Protocol)
T = TypeVar('T')
@runtime_checkable
class EmptyProtocol(Protocol): pass
@runtime_checkable
class SupportsStartsWith(Protocol):
def startswith(self, x: str) -> bool: ...
@runtime_checkable
class SupportsX(Protocol[T]):
def x(self): ...
for proto in EmptyProtocol, SupportsStartsWith, SupportsX:
with self.subTest(proto=proto.__name__):
self.assertIsSubclass(proto, Protocol)
# gh-105237 / PR #105239:
# check that the presence of Protocol subclasses
# where `issubclass(X, <subclass>)` evaluates to True
# doesn't influence the result of `issubclass(X, Protocol)`
self.assertIsSubclass(object, EmptyProtocol)
self.assertIsInstance(object(), EmptyProtocol)
self.assertNotIsSubclass(object, Protocol)
self.assertNotIsInstance(object(), Protocol)
self.assertIsSubclass(str, SupportsStartsWith)
self.assertIsInstance('foo', SupportsStartsWith)
self.assertNotIsSubclass(str, Protocol)
self.assertNotIsInstance('foo', Protocol)
self.assertIsSubclass(C, SupportsX)
self.assertIsInstance(C(), SupportsX)
self.assertNotIsSubclass(C, Protocol)
self.assertNotIsInstance(C(), Protocol)
def test_protocols_issubclass_non_callable(self):
class C:
x = 1
@runtime_checkable
class PNonCall(Protocol):
x = 1
non_callable_members_illegal = (
"Protocols with non-method members don't support issubclass()"
)
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, non_callable_members_illegal):
issubclass(C, PNonCall)
self.assertIsInstance(C(), PNonCall)
PNonCall.register(C)
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, non_callable_members_illegal):
issubclass(C, PNonCall)
self.assertIsInstance(C(), PNonCall)
# check that non-protocol subclasses are not affected
class D(PNonCall): ...
self.assertNotIsSubclass(C, D)
self.assertNotIsInstance(C(), D)
D.register(C)
self.assertIsSubclass(C, D)
self.assertIsInstance(C(), D)
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, non_callable_members_illegal):
issubclass(D, PNonCall)
def test_no_weird_caching_with_issubclass_after_isinstance(self):
@runtime_checkable
class Spam(Protocol):
x: int
class Eggs:
def __init__(self) -> None:
self.x = 42
self.assertIsInstance(Eggs(), Spam)
# gh-104555: If we didn't override ABCMeta.__subclasscheck__ in _ProtocolMeta,
# TypeError wouldn't be raised here,
# as the cached result of the isinstance() check immediately above
# would mean the issubclass() call would short-circuit
# before we got to the "raise TypeError" line
with self.assertRaisesRegex(
TypeError,
"Protocols with non-method members don't support issubclass()"
):
issubclass(Eggs, Spam)
def test_no_weird_caching_with_issubclass_after_isinstance_2(self):
@runtime_checkable
class Spam(Protocol):
x: int
class Eggs: ...
self.assertNotIsInstance(Eggs(), Spam)
# gh-104555: If we didn't override ABCMeta.__subclasscheck__ in _ProtocolMeta,
# TypeError wouldn't be raised here,
# as the cached result of the isinstance() check immediately above
# would mean the issubclass() call would short-circuit
# before we got to the "raise TypeError" line
with self.assertRaisesRegex(
TypeError,
"Protocols with non-method members don't support issubclass()"
):
issubclass(Eggs, Spam)
def test_no_weird_caching_with_issubclass_after_isinstance_3(self):
@runtime_checkable
class Spam(Protocol):
x: int
class Eggs:
def __getattr__(self, attr):
if attr == "x":
return 42
raise AttributeError(attr)
self.assertNotIsInstance(Eggs(), Spam)
# gh-104555: If we didn't override ABCMeta.__subclasscheck__ in _ProtocolMeta,
# TypeError wouldn't be raised here,
# as the cached result of the isinstance() check immediately above
# would mean the issubclass() call would short-circuit
# before we got to the "raise TypeError" line
with self.assertRaisesRegex(
TypeError,
"Protocols with non-method members don't support issubclass()"
):
issubclass(Eggs, Spam)
def test_no_weird_caching_with_issubclass_after_isinstance_pep695(self):
@runtime_checkable
class Spam[T](Protocol):
x: T
class Eggs[T]:
def __init__(self, x: T) -> None:
self.x = x
self.assertIsInstance(Eggs(42), Spam)
# gh-104555: If we didn't override ABCMeta.__subclasscheck__ in _ProtocolMeta,
# TypeError wouldn't be raised here,
# as the cached result of the isinstance() check immediately above
# would mean the issubclass() call would short-circuit
# before we got to the "raise TypeError" line
with self.assertRaisesRegex(
TypeError,
"Protocols with non-method members don't support issubclass()"
):
issubclass(Eggs, Spam)
def test_protocols_isinstance(self):
T = TypeVar('T')
@runtime_checkable
class P(Protocol):
def meth(x): ...
@runtime_checkable
class PG(Protocol[T]):
def meth(x): ...
@runtime_checkable
class WeirdProto(Protocol):
meth = str.maketrans
@runtime_checkable
class WeirdProto2(Protocol):
meth = lambda *args, **kwargs: None
class CustomCallable:
def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
pass
@runtime_checkable
class WeirderProto(Protocol):
meth = CustomCallable()
class BadP(Protocol):
def meth(x): ...
class BadPG(Protocol[T]):
def meth(x): ...
class C:
def meth(x): ...
class C2:
def __init__(self):
self.meth = lambda: None
for klass in C, C2:
for proto in P, PG, WeirdProto, WeirdProto2, WeirderProto:
with self.subTest(klass=klass.__name__, proto=proto.__name__):
self.assertIsInstance(klass(), proto)
no_subscripted_generics = "Subscripted generics cannot be used with class and instance checks"
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, no_subscripted_generics):
isinstance(C(), PG[T])
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, no_subscripted_generics):
isinstance(C(), PG[C])
only_runtime_checkable_msg = (
"Instance and class checks can only be used "
"with @runtime_checkable protocols"
)
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, only_runtime_checkable_msg):
isinstance(C(), BadP)
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, only_runtime_checkable_msg):
isinstance(C(), BadPG)
def test_protocols_isinstance_properties_and_descriptors(self):
class C:
@property
def attr(self):
return 42
class CustomDescriptor:
def __get__(self, obj, objtype=None):
return 42
class D:
attr = CustomDescriptor()
# Check that properties set on superclasses
# are still found by the isinstance() logic
class E(C): ...
class F(D): ...
class Empty: ...
T = TypeVar('T')
@runtime_checkable
class P(Protocol):
@property
def attr(self): ...
@runtime_checkable
class P1(Protocol):
attr: int
@runtime_checkable
class PG(Protocol[T]):
@property
def attr(self): ...
@runtime_checkable
class PG1(Protocol[T]):
attr: T
@runtime_checkable
class MethodP(Protocol):
def attr(self): ...
@runtime_checkable
class MethodPG(Protocol[T]):
def attr(self) -> T: ...
for protocol_class in P, P1, PG, PG1, MethodP, MethodPG:
for klass in C, D, E, F:
with self.subTest(
klass=klass.__name__,
protocol_class=protocol_class.__name__
):
self.assertIsInstance(klass(), protocol_class)
with self.subTest(klass="Empty", protocol_class=protocol_class.__name__):
self.assertNotIsInstance(Empty(), protocol_class)
class BadP(Protocol):
@property
def attr(self): ...
class BadP1(Protocol):
attr: int
class BadPG(Protocol[T]):
@property
def attr(self): ...
class BadPG1(Protocol[T]):
attr: T
cases = (
PG[T], PG[C], PG1[T], PG1[C], MethodPG[T],
MethodPG[C], BadP, BadP1, BadPG, BadPG1
)
for obj in cases:
for klass in C, D, E, F, Empty:
with self.subTest(klass=klass.__name__, obj=obj):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
isinstance(klass(), obj)
def test_protocols_isinstance_not_fooled_by_custom_dir(self):
@runtime_checkable
class HasX(Protocol):
x: int
class CustomDirWithX:
x = 10
def __dir__(self):
return []
class CustomDirWithoutX:
def __dir__(self):
return ["x"]
self.assertIsInstance(CustomDirWithX(), HasX)
self.assertNotIsInstance(CustomDirWithoutX(), HasX)
def test_protocols_isinstance_attribute_access_with_side_effects(self):
class C:
@property
def attr(self):
raise AttributeError('no')
class CustomDescriptor:
def __get__(self, obj, objtype=None):
raise RuntimeError("NO")
class D:
attr = CustomDescriptor()
# Check that properties set on superclasses
# are still found by the isinstance() logic
class E(C): ...
class F(D): ...
class WhyWouldYouDoThis:
def __getattr__(self, name):
raise RuntimeError("wut")
T = TypeVar('T')
@runtime_checkable
class P(Protocol):
@property
def attr(self): ...
@runtime_checkable
class P1(Protocol):
attr: int
@runtime_checkable
class PG(Protocol[T]):
@property
def attr(self): ...
@runtime_checkable
class PG1(Protocol[T]):
attr: T
@runtime_checkable
class MethodP(Protocol):
def attr(self): ...
@runtime_checkable
class MethodPG(Protocol[T]):
def attr(self) -> T: ...
for protocol_class in P, P1, PG, PG1, MethodP, MethodPG:
for klass in C, D, E, F:
with self.subTest(
klass=klass.__name__,
protocol_class=protocol_class.__name__
):
self.assertIsInstance(klass(), protocol_class)
with self.subTest(
klass="WhyWouldYouDoThis",
protocol_class=protocol_class.__name__
):
self.assertNotIsInstance(WhyWouldYouDoThis(), protocol_class)
def test_protocols_isinstance___slots__(self):
# As per the consensus in https://github.com/python/typing/issues/1367,
# this is desirable behaviour
@runtime_checkable
class HasX(Protocol):
x: int
class HasNothingButSlots:
__slots__ = ("x",)
self.assertIsInstance(HasNothingButSlots(), HasX)
def test_protocols_isinstance_py36(self):
class APoint:
def __init__(self, x, y, label):
self.x = x
self.y = y
self.label = label
class BPoint:
label = 'B'
def __init__(self, x, y):
self.x = x
self.y = y
class C:
def __init__(self, attr):
self.attr = attr
def meth(self, arg):
return 0
class Bad: pass
self.assertIsInstance(APoint(1, 2, 'A'), Point)
self.assertIsInstance(BPoint(1, 2), Point)
self.assertNotIsInstance(MyPoint(), Point)
self.assertIsInstance(BPoint(1, 2), Position)
self.assertIsInstance(Other(), Proto)
self.assertIsInstance(Concrete(), Proto)
self.assertIsInstance(C(42), Proto)
self.assertNotIsInstance(Bad(), Proto)
self.assertNotIsInstance(Bad(), Point)
self.assertNotIsInstance(Bad(), Position)
self.assertNotIsInstance(Bad(), Concrete)
self.assertNotIsInstance(Other(), Concrete)
self.assertIsInstance(NT(1, 2), Position)
def test_protocols_isinstance_init(self):
T = TypeVar('T')
@runtime_checkable
class P(Protocol):
x = 1
@runtime_checkable
class PG(Protocol[T]):
x = 1
class C:
def __init__(self, x):
self.x = x
self.assertIsInstance(C(1), P)
self.assertIsInstance(C(1), PG)
def test_protocols_isinstance_monkeypatching(self):
@runtime_checkable
class HasX(Protocol):
x: int
class Foo: ...
f = Foo()
self.assertNotIsInstance(f, HasX)
f.x = 42
self.assertIsInstance(f, HasX)
del f.x
self.assertNotIsInstance(f, HasX)
def test_protocol_checks_after_subscript(self):
class P(Protocol[T]): pass
class C(P[T]): pass
class Other1: pass
class Other2: pass
CA = C[Any]
self.assertNotIsInstance(Other1(), C)
self.assertNotIsSubclass(Other2, C)
class D1(C[Any]): pass
class D2(C[Any]): pass
CI = C[int]
self.assertIsInstance(D1(), C)
self.assertIsSubclass(D2, C)
def test_protocols_support_register(self):
@runtime_checkable
class P(Protocol):
x = 1
class PM(Protocol):
def meth(self): pass
class D(PM): pass
class C: pass
D.register(C)
P.register(C)
self.assertIsInstance(C(), P)
self.assertIsInstance(C(), D)
def test_none_on_non_callable_doesnt_block_implementation(self):
@runtime_checkable
class P(Protocol):
x = 1
class A:
x = 1
class B(A):
x = None
class C:
def __init__(self):
self.x = None
self.assertIsInstance(B(), P)
self.assertIsInstance(C(), P)
def test_none_on_callable_blocks_implementation(self):
@runtime_checkable
class P(Protocol):
def x(self): ...
class A:
def x(self): ...
class B(A):
x = None
class C:
def __init__(self):
self.x = None
self.assertNotIsInstance(B(), P)
self.assertNotIsInstance(C(), P)
def test_non_protocol_subclasses(self):
class P(Protocol):
x = 1
@runtime_checkable
class PR(Protocol):
def meth(self): pass
class NonP(P):
x = 1
class NonPR(PR): pass
class C(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
x = 1
class D(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
def meth(self): pass
self.assertNotIsInstance(C(), NonP)
self.assertNotIsInstance(D(), NonPR)
self.assertNotIsSubclass(C, NonP)
self.assertNotIsSubclass(D, NonPR)
self.assertIsInstance(NonPR(), PR)
self.assertIsSubclass(NonPR, PR)
self.assertNotIn("__protocol_attrs__", vars(NonP))
self.assertNotIn("__protocol_attrs__", vars(NonPR))
self.assertNotIn("__callable_proto_members_only__", vars(NonP))
self.assertNotIn("__callable_proto_members_only__", vars(NonPR))
self.assertEqual(get_protocol_members(P), {"x"})
self.assertEqual(get_protocol_members(PR), {"meth"})
# the returned object should be immutable,
# and should be a different object to the original attribute
# to prevent users from (accidentally or deliberately)
# mutating the attribute on the original class
self.assertIsInstance(get_protocol_members(P), frozenset)
self.assertIsNot(get_protocol_members(P), P.__protocol_attrs__)
self.assertIsInstance(get_protocol_members(PR), frozenset)
self.assertIsNot(get_protocol_members(PR), P.__protocol_attrs__)
acceptable_extra_attrs = {
'_is_protocol', '_is_runtime_protocol', '__parameters__',
'__init__', '__annotations__', '__subclasshook__',
}
self.assertLessEqual(vars(NonP).keys(), vars(C).keys() | acceptable_extra_attrs)
self.assertLessEqual(
vars(NonPR).keys(), vars(D).keys() | acceptable_extra_attrs
)
def test_custom_subclasshook(self):
class P(Protocol):
x = 1
class OKClass: pass
class BadClass:
x = 1
class C(P):
@classmethod
def __subclasshook__(cls, other):
return other.__name__.startswith("OK")
self.assertIsInstance(OKClass(), C)
self.assertNotIsInstance(BadClass(), C)
self.assertIsSubclass(OKClass, C)
self.assertNotIsSubclass(BadClass, C)
def test_custom_subclasshook_2(self):
@runtime_checkable
class HasX(Protocol):
# The presence of a non-callable member
# would mean issubclass() checks would fail with TypeError
# if it weren't for the custom `__subclasshook__` method
x = 1
@classmethod
def __subclasshook__(cls, other):
return hasattr(other, 'x')
class Empty: pass
class ImplementsHasX:
x = 1
self.assertIsInstance(ImplementsHasX(), HasX)
self.assertNotIsInstance(Empty(), HasX)
self.assertIsSubclass(ImplementsHasX, HasX)
self.assertNotIsSubclass(Empty, HasX)
# isinstance() and issubclass() checks against this still raise TypeError,
# despite the presence of the custom __subclasshook__ method,
# as it's not decorated with @runtime_checkable
class NotRuntimeCheckable(Protocol):
@classmethod
def __subclasshook__(cls, other):
return hasattr(other, 'x')
must_be_runtime_checkable = (
"Instance and class checks can only be used "
"with @runtime_checkable protocols"
)
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, must_be_runtime_checkable):
issubclass(object, NotRuntimeCheckable)
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, must_be_runtime_checkable):
isinstance(object(), NotRuntimeCheckable)
def test_issubclass_fails_correctly(self):
@runtime_checkable
class P(Protocol):
x = 1
class C: pass
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r"issubclass\(\) arg 1 must be a class"):
issubclass(C(), P)
def test_defining_generic_protocols(self):
T = TypeVar('T')
S = TypeVar('S')
@runtime_checkable
class PR(Protocol[T, S]):
def meth(self): pass
class P(PR[int, T], Protocol[T]):
y = 1
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
PR[int]
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
P[int, str]
class C(PR[int, T]): pass
self.assertIsInstance(C[str](), C)
def test_defining_generic_protocols_old_style(self):
T = TypeVar('T')
S = TypeVar('S')
@runtime_checkable
class PR(Protocol, Generic[T, S]):
def meth(self): pass
class P(PR[int, str], Protocol):
y = 1
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
issubclass(PR[int, str], PR)
self.assertIsSubclass(P, PR)
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
PR[int]
class P1(Protocol, Generic[T]):
def bar(self, x: T) -> str: ...
class P2(Generic[T], Protocol):
def bar(self, x: T) -> str: ...
@runtime_checkable
class PSub(P1[str], Protocol):
x = 1
class Test:
x = 1
def bar(self, x: str) -> str:
return x
self.assertIsInstance(Test(), PSub)
def test_pep695_generic_protocol_callable_members(self):
@runtime_checkable
class Foo[T](Protocol):
def meth(self, x: T) -> None: ...
class Bar[T]:
def meth(self, x: T) -> None: ...
self.assertIsInstance(Bar(), Foo)
self.assertIsSubclass(Bar, Foo)
@runtime_checkable
class SupportsTrunc[T](Protocol):
def __trunc__(self) -> T: ...
self.assertIsInstance(0.0, SupportsTrunc)
self.assertIsSubclass(float, SupportsTrunc)
def test_init_called(self):
T = TypeVar('T')
class P(Protocol[T]): pass
class C(P[T]):
def __init__(self):
self.test = 'OK'
self.assertEqual(C[int]().test, 'OK')
class B:
def __init__(self):
self.test = 'OK'
class D1(B, P[T]):
pass
self.assertEqual(D1[int]().test, 'OK')
class D2(P[T], B):
pass
self.assertEqual(D2[int]().test, 'OK')
def test_new_called(self):
T = TypeVar('T')
class P(Protocol[T]): pass
class C(P[T]):
def __new__(cls, *args):
self = super().__new__(cls, *args)
self.test = 'OK'
return self
self.assertEqual(C[int]().test, 'OK')
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
C[int](42)
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
C[int](a=42)
def test_protocols_bad_subscripts(self):
T = TypeVar('T')
S = TypeVar('S')
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
class P(Protocol[T, T]): pass
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
class Q(Protocol[int]): pass
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
class R(Protocol[T], Protocol[S]): pass
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
class S(typing.Mapping[T, S], Protocol[T]): pass
def test_generic_protocols_repr(self):
T = TypeVar('T')
S = TypeVar('S')
class P(Protocol[T, S]): pass
self.assertTrue(repr(P[T, S]).endswith('P[~T, ~S]'))
self.assertTrue(repr(P[int, str]).endswith('P[int, str]'))
def test_generic_protocols_eq(self):
T = TypeVar('T')
S = TypeVar('S')
class P(Protocol[T, S]): pass
self.assertEqual(P, P)
self.assertEqual(P[int, T], P[int, T])
self.assertEqual(P[T, T][Tuple[T, S]][int, str],
P[Tuple[int, str], Tuple[int, str]])
def test_generic_protocols_special_from_generic(self):
T = TypeVar('T')
class P(Protocol[T]): pass
self.assertEqual(P.__parameters__, (T,))
self.assertEqual(P[int].__parameters__, ())
self.assertEqual(P[int].__args__, (int,))
self.assertIs(P[int].__origin__, P)
def test_generic_protocols_special_from_protocol(self):
@runtime_checkable
class PR(Protocol):
x = 1
class P(Protocol):
def meth(self):
pass
T = TypeVar('T')
class PG(Protocol[T]):
x = 1
def meth(self):
pass
self.assertTrue(P._is_protocol)
self.assertTrue(PR._is_protocol)
self.assertTrue(PG._is_protocol)
self.assertFalse(P._is_runtime_protocol)
self.assertTrue(PR._is_runtime_protocol)
self.assertTrue(PG[int]._is_protocol)
self.assertEqual(typing._get_protocol_attrs(P), {'meth'})
self.assertEqual(typing._get_protocol_attrs(PR), {'x'})
self.assertEqual(frozenset(typing._get_protocol_attrs(PG)),
frozenset({'x', 'meth'}))
def test_no_runtime_deco_on_nominal(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
@runtime_checkable
class C: pass
class Proto(Protocol):
x = 1
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
@runtime_checkable
class Concrete(Proto):
pass
def test_none_treated_correctly(self):
@runtime_checkable
class P(Protocol):
x = None # type: int
class B(object): pass
self.assertNotIsInstance(B(), P)
class C:
x = 1
class D:
x = None
self.assertIsInstance(C(), P)
self.assertIsInstance(D(), P)
class CI:
def __init__(self):
self.x = 1
class DI:
def __init__(self):
self.x = None
self.assertIsInstance(CI(), P)
self.assertIsInstance(DI(), P)
def test_protocols_in_unions(self):
class P(Protocol):
x = None # type: int
Alias = typing.Union[typing.Iterable, P]
Alias2 = typing.Union[P, typing.Iterable]
self.assertEqual(Alias, Alias2)
def test_protocols_pickleable(self):
global P, CP # pickle wants to reference the class by name
T = TypeVar('T')
@runtime_checkable
class P(Protocol[T]):
x = 1
class CP(P[int]):
pass
c = CP()
c.foo = 42
c.bar = 'abc'
for proto in range(pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
z = pickle.dumps(c, proto)
x = pickle.loads(z)
self.assertEqual(x.foo, 42)
self.assertEqual(x.bar, 'abc')
self.assertEqual(x.x, 1)
self.assertEqual(x.__dict__, {'foo': 42, 'bar': 'abc'})
s = pickle.dumps(P, proto)
D = pickle.loads(s)
class E:
x = 1
self.assertIsInstance(E(), D)
def test_supports_int(self):
self.assertIsSubclass(int, typing.SupportsInt)
self.assertNotIsSubclass(str, typing.SupportsInt)
def test_supports_float(self):
self.assertIsSubclass(float, typing.SupportsFloat)
self.assertNotIsSubclass(str, typing.SupportsFloat)
def test_supports_complex(self):
class C:
def __complex__(self):
return 0j
self.assertIsSubclass(complex, typing.SupportsComplex)
self.assertIsSubclass(C, typing.SupportsComplex)
self.assertNotIsSubclass(str, typing.SupportsComplex)
def test_supports_bytes(self):
class B:
def __bytes__(self):
return b''
self.assertIsSubclass(bytes, typing.SupportsBytes)
self.assertIsSubclass(B, typing.SupportsBytes)
self.assertNotIsSubclass(str, typing.SupportsBytes)
def test_supports_abs(self):
self.assertIsSubclass(float, typing.SupportsAbs)
self.assertIsSubclass(int, typing.SupportsAbs)
self.assertNotIsSubclass(str, typing.SupportsAbs)
def test_supports_round(self):
issubclass(float, typing.SupportsRound)
self.assertIsSubclass(float, typing.SupportsRound)
self.assertIsSubclass(int, typing.SupportsRound)
self.assertNotIsSubclass(str, typing.SupportsRound)
def test_reversible(self):
self.assertIsSubclass(list, typing.Reversible)
self.assertNotIsSubclass(int, typing.Reversible)
def test_supports_index(self):
self.assertIsSubclass(int, typing.SupportsIndex)
self.assertNotIsSubclass(str, typing.SupportsIndex)
def test_bundled_protocol_instance_works(self):
self.assertIsInstance(0, typing.SupportsAbs)
class C1(typing.SupportsInt):
def __int__(self) -> int:
return 42
class C2(C1):
pass
c = C2()
self.assertIsInstance(c, C1)
def test_collections_protocols_allowed(self):
@runtime_checkable
class Custom(collections.abc.Iterable, Protocol):
def close(self): ...
class A: pass
class B:
def __iter__(self):
return []
def close(self):
return 0
self.assertIsSubclass(B, Custom)
self.assertNotIsSubclass(A, Custom)
@runtime_checkable
class ReleasableBuffer(collections.abc.Buffer, Protocol):
def __release_buffer__(self, mv: memoryview) -> None: ...
class C: pass
class D:
def __buffer__(self, flags: int) -> memoryview:
return memoryview(b'')
def __release_buffer__(self, mv: memoryview) -> None:
pass
self.assertIsSubclass(D, ReleasableBuffer)
self.assertIsInstance(D(), ReleasableBuffer)
self.assertNotIsSubclass(C, ReleasableBuffer)
self.assertNotIsInstance(C(), ReleasableBuffer)
def test_builtin_protocol_allowlist(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
class CustomProtocol(TestCase, Protocol):
pass
class CustomContextManager(typing.ContextManager, Protocol):
pass
def test_non_runtime_protocol_isinstance_check(self):
class P(Protocol):
x: int
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "@runtime_checkable"):
isinstance(1, P)
def test_super_call_init(self):
class P(Protocol):
x: int
class Foo(P):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
Foo() # Previously triggered RecursionError
def test_get_protocol_members(self):
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "not a Protocol"):
get_protocol_members(object)
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "not a Protocol"):
get_protocol_members(object())
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "not a Protocol"):
get_protocol_members(Protocol)
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "not a Protocol"):
get_protocol_members(Generic)
class P(Protocol):
a: int
def b(self) -> str: ...
@property
def c(self) -> int: ...
self.assertEqual(get_protocol_members(P), {'a', 'b', 'c'})
self.assertIsInstance(get_protocol_members(P), frozenset)
self.assertIsNot(get_protocol_members(P), P.__protocol_attrs__)
class Concrete:
a: int
def b(self) -> str: return "capybara"
@property
def c(self) -> int: return 5
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "not a Protocol"):
get_protocol_members(Concrete)
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "not a Protocol"):
get_protocol_members(Concrete())
class ConcreteInherit(P):
a: int = 42
def b(self) -> str: return "capybara"
@property
def c(self) -> int: return 5
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "not a Protocol"):
get_protocol_members(ConcreteInherit)
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "not a Protocol"):
get_protocol_members(ConcreteInherit())
def test_is_protocol(self):
self.assertTrue(is_protocol(Proto))
self.assertTrue(is_protocol(Point))
self.assertFalse(is_protocol(Concrete))
self.assertFalse(is_protocol(Concrete()))
self.assertFalse(is_protocol(Generic))
self.assertFalse(is_protocol(object))
# Protocol is not itself a protocol
self.assertFalse(is_protocol(Protocol))
def test_interaction_with_isinstance_checks_on_superclasses_with_ABCMeta(self):
# Ensure the cache is empty, or this test won't work correctly
collections.abc.Sized._abc_registry_clear()
class Foo(collections.abc.Sized, Protocol): pass
# gh-105144: this previously raised TypeError
# if a Protocol subclass of Sized had been created
# before any isinstance() checks against Sized
self.assertNotIsInstance(1, collections.abc.Sized)
def test_interaction_with_isinstance_checks_on_superclasses_with_ABCMeta_2(self):
# Ensure the cache is empty, or this test won't work correctly
collections.abc.Sized._abc_registry_clear()
class Foo(typing.Sized, Protocol): pass
# gh-105144: this previously raised TypeError
# if a Protocol subclass of Sized had been created
# before any isinstance() checks against Sized
self.assertNotIsInstance(1, typing.Sized)
def test_empty_protocol_decorated_with_final(self):
@final
@runtime_checkable
class EmptyProtocol(Protocol): ...
self.assertIsSubclass(object, EmptyProtocol)
self.assertIsInstance(object(), EmptyProtocol)
def test_protocol_decorated_with_final_callable_members(self):
@final
@runtime_checkable
class ProtocolWithMethod(Protocol):
def startswith(self, string: str) -> bool: ...
self.assertIsSubclass(str, ProtocolWithMethod)
self.assertNotIsSubclass(int, ProtocolWithMethod)
self.assertIsInstance('foo', ProtocolWithMethod)
self.assertNotIsInstance(42, ProtocolWithMethod)
def test_protocol_decorated_with_final_noncallable_members(self):
@final
@runtime_checkable
class ProtocolWithNonCallableMember(Protocol):
x: int
class Foo:
x = 42
only_callable_members_please = (
r"Protocols with non-method members don't support issubclass()"
)
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, only_callable_members_please):
issubclass(Foo, ProtocolWithNonCallableMember)
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, only_callable_members_please):
issubclass(int, ProtocolWithNonCallableMember)
self.assertIsInstance(Foo(), ProtocolWithNonCallableMember)
self.assertNotIsInstance(42, ProtocolWithNonCallableMember)
def test_protocol_decorated_with_final_mixed_members(self):
@final
@runtime_checkable
class ProtocolWithMixedMembers(Protocol):
x: int
def method(self) -> None: ...
class Foo:
x = 42
def method(self) -> None: ...
only_callable_members_please = (
r"Protocols with non-method members don't support issubclass()"
)
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, only_callable_members_please):
issubclass(Foo, ProtocolWithMixedMembers)
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, only_callable_members_please):
issubclass(int, ProtocolWithMixedMembers)
self.assertIsInstance(Foo(), ProtocolWithMixedMembers)
self.assertNotIsInstance(42, ProtocolWithMixedMembers)
class GenericTests(BaseTestCase):
def test_basics(self):
X = SimpleMapping[str, Any]
self.assertEqual(X.__parameters__, ())
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
X[str]
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
X[str, str]
Y = SimpleMapping[XK, str]
self.assertEqual(Y.__parameters__, (XK,))
Y[str]
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
Y[str, str]
SM1 = SimpleMapping[str, int]
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
issubclass(SM1, SimpleMapping)
self.assertIsInstance(SM1(), SimpleMapping)
T = TypeVar("T")
self.assertEqual(List[list[T] | float].__parameters__, (T,))
def test_generic_errors(self):
T = TypeVar('T')
S = TypeVar('S')
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
Generic[T][T]
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
Generic[T][S]
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
class C(Generic[T], Generic[T]): ...
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
isinstance([], List[int])
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
issubclass(list, List[int])
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
class NewGeneric(Generic): ...
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
class MyGeneric(Generic[T], Generic[S]): ...
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
class MyGeneric2(List[T], Generic[S]): ...
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
Generic[()]
class D(Generic[T]): pass
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
D[()]
def test_generic_subclass_checks(self):
for typ in [list[int], List[int],
tuple[int, str], Tuple[int, str],
typing.Callable[..., None],
collections.abc.Callable[..., None]]:
with self.subTest(typ=typ):
self.assertRaises(TypeError, issubclass, typ, object)
self.assertRaises(TypeError, issubclass, typ, type)
self.assertRaises(TypeError, issubclass, typ, typ)
self.assertRaises(TypeError, issubclass, object, typ)
# isinstance is fine:
self.assertTrue(isinstance(typ, object))
# but, not when the right arg is also a generic:
self.assertRaises(TypeError, isinstance, typ, typ)
def test_init(self):
T = TypeVar('T')
S = TypeVar('S')
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
Generic[T, T]
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
Generic[T, S, T]
def test_init_subclass(self):
class X(typing.Generic[T]):
def __init_subclass__(cls, **kwargs):
super().__init_subclass__(**kwargs)
cls.attr = 42
class Y(X):
pass
self.assertEqual(Y.attr, 42)
with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
X.attr
X.attr = 1
Y.attr = 2
class Z(Y):
pass
class W(X[int]):
pass
self.assertEqual(Y.attr, 2)
self.assertEqual(Z.attr, 42)
self.assertEqual(W.attr, 42)
def test_repr(self):
self.assertEqual(repr(SimpleMapping),
f"<class '{__name__}.SimpleMapping'>")
self.assertEqual(repr(MySimpleMapping),
f"<class '{__name__}.MySimpleMapping'>")
def test_chain_repr(self):
T = TypeVar('T')
S = TypeVar('S')
class C(Generic[T]):
pass
X = C[Tuple[S, T]]
self.assertEqual(X, C[Tuple[S, T]])
self.assertNotEqual(X, C[Tuple[T, S]])
Y = X[T, int]
self.assertEqual(Y, X[T, int])
self.assertNotEqual(Y, X[S, int])
self.assertNotEqual(Y, X[T, str])
Z = Y[str]
self.assertEqual(Z, Y[str])
self.assertNotEqual(Z, Y[int])
self.assertNotEqual(Z, Y[T])
self.assertTrue(str(Z).endswith(
'.C[typing.Tuple[str, int]]'))
def test_new_repr(self):
T = TypeVar('T')
U = TypeVar('U', covariant=True)
S = TypeVar('S')
self.assertEqual(repr(List), 'typing.List')
self.assertEqual(repr(List[T]), 'typing.List[~T]')
self.assertEqual(repr(List[U]), 'typing.List[+U]')
self.assertEqual(repr(List[S][T][int]), 'typing.List[int]')
self.assertEqual(repr(List[int]), 'typing.List[int]')
def test_new_repr_complex(self):
T = TypeVar('T')
TS = TypeVar('TS')
self.assertEqual(repr(typing.Mapping[T, TS][TS, T]), 'typing.Mapping[~TS, ~T]')
self.assertEqual(repr(List[Tuple[T, TS]][int, T]),
'typing.List[typing.Tuple[int, ~T]]')
self.assertEqual(
repr(List[Tuple[T, T]][List[int]]),
'typing.List[typing.Tuple[typing.List[int], typing.List[int]]]'
)
def test_new_repr_bare(self):
T = TypeVar('T')
self.assertEqual(repr(Generic[T]), 'typing.Generic[~T]')
self.assertEqual(repr(typing.Protocol[T]), 'typing.Protocol[~T]')
class C(typing.Dict[Any, Any]): ...
# this line should just work
repr(C.__mro__)
def test_dict(self):
T = TypeVar('T')
class B(Generic[T]):
pass
b = B()
b.foo = 42
self.assertEqual(b.__dict__, {'foo': 42})
class C(B[int]):
pass
c = C()
c.bar = 'abc'
self.assertEqual(c.__dict__, {'bar': 'abc'})
def test_subscripted_generics_as_proxies(self):
T = TypeVar('T')
class C(Generic[T]):
x = 'def'
self.assertEqual(C[int].x, 'def')
self.assertEqual(C[C[int]].x, 'def')
C[C[int]].x = 'changed'
self.assertEqual(C.x, 'changed')
self.assertEqual(C[str].x, 'changed')
C[List[str]].z = 'new'
self.assertEqual(C.z, 'new')
self.assertEqual(C[Tuple[int]].z, 'new')
self.assertEqual(C().x, 'changed')
self.assertEqual(C[Tuple[str]]().z, 'new')
class D(C[T]):
pass
self.assertEqual(D[int].x, 'changed')
self.assertEqual(D.z, 'new')
D.z = 'from derived z'
D[int].x = 'from derived x'
self.assertEqual(C.x, 'changed')
self.assertEqual(C[int].z, 'new')
self.assertEqual(D.x, 'from derived x')
self.assertEqual(D[str].z, 'from derived z')
def test_abc_registry_kept(self):
T = TypeVar('T')
class C(collections.abc.Mapping, Generic[T]): ...
C.register(int)
self.assertIsInstance(1, C)
C[int]
self.assertIsInstance(1, C)
C._abc_registry_clear()
C._abc_caches_clear() # To keep refleak hunting mode clean
def test_false_subclasses(self):
class MyMapping(MutableMapping[str, str]): pass
self.assertNotIsInstance({}, MyMapping)
self.assertNotIsSubclass(dict, MyMapping)
def test_abc_bases(self):
class MM(MutableMapping[str, str]):
def __getitem__(self, k):
return None
def __setitem__(self, k, v):
pass
def __delitem__(self, k):
pass
def __iter__(self):
return iter(())
def __len__(self):
return 0
# this should just work
MM().update()
self.assertIsInstance(MM(), collections.abc.MutableMapping)
self.assertIsInstance(MM(), MutableMapping)
self.assertNotIsInstance(MM(), List)
self.assertNotIsInstance({}, MM)
def test_multiple_bases(self):
class MM1(MutableMapping[str, str], collections.abc.MutableMapping):
pass
class MM2(collections.abc.MutableMapping, MutableMapping[str, str]):
pass
self.assertEqual(MM2.__bases__, (collections.abc.MutableMapping, Generic))
def test_orig_bases(self):
T = TypeVar('T')
class C(typing.Dict[str, T]): ...
self.assertEqual(C.__orig_bases__, (typing.Dict[str, T],))
def test_naive_runtime_checks(self):
def naive_dict_check(obj, tp):
# Check if a dictionary conforms to Dict type
if len(tp.__parameters__) > 0:
raise NotImplementedError
if tp.__args__:
KT, VT = tp.__args__
return all(
isinstance(k, KT) and isinstance(v, VT)
for k, v in obj.items()
)
self.assertTrue(naive_dict_check({'x': 1}, typing.Dict[str, int]))
self.assertFalse(naive_dict_check({1: 'x'}, typing.Dict[str, int]))
with self.assertRaises(NotImplementedError):
naive_dict_check({1: 'x'}, typing.Dict[str, T])
def naive_generic_check(obj, tp):
# Check if an instance conforms to the generic class
if not hasattr(obj, '__orig_class__'):
raise NotImplementedError
return obj.__orig_class__ == tp
class Node(Generic[T]): ...
self.assertTrue(naive_generic_check(Node[int](), Node[int]))
self.assertFalse(naive_generic_check(Node[str](), Node[int]))
self.assertFalse(naive_generic_check(Node[str](), List))
with self.assertRaises(NotImplementedError):
naive_generic_check([1, 2, 3], Node[int])
def naive_list_base_check(obj, tp):
# Check if list conforms to a List subclass
return all(isinstance(x, tp.__orig_bases__[0].__args__[0])
for x in obj)
class C(List[int]): ...
self.assertTrue(naive_list_base_check([1, 2, 3], C))
self.assertFalse(naive_list_base_check(['a', 'b'], C))
def test_multi_subscr_base(self):
T = TypeVar('T')
U = TypeVar('U')
V = TypeVar('V')
class C(List[T][U][V]): ...
class D(C, List[T][U][V]): ...
self.assertEqual(C.__parameters__, (V,))
self.assertEqual(D.__parameters__, (V,))
self.assertEqual(C[int].__parameters__, ())
self.assertEqual(D[int].__parameters__, ())
self.assertEqual(C[int].__args__, (int,))
self.assertEqual(D[int].__args__, (int,))
self.assertEqual(C.__bases__, (list, Generic))
self.assertEqual(D.__bases__, (C, list, Generic))
self.assertEqual(C.__orig_bases__, (List[T][U][V],))
self.assertEqual(D.__orig_bases__, (C, List[T][U][V]))
def test_subscript_meta(self):
T = TypeVar('T')
class Meta(type): ...
self.assertEqual(Type[Meta], Type[Meta])
self.assertEqual(Union[T, int][Meta], Union[Meta, int])
self.assertEqual(Callable[..., Meta].__args__, (Ellipsis, Meta))
def test_generic_hashes(self):
class A(Generic[T]):
...
class B(Generic[T]):
class A(Generic[T]):
...
self.assertEqual(A, A)
self.assertEqual(mod_generics_cache.A[str], mod_generics_cache.A[str])
self.assertEqual(B.A, B.A)
self.assertEqual(mod_generics_cache.B.A[B.A[str]],
mod_generics_cache.B.A[B.A[str]])
self.assertNotEqual(A, B.A)
self.assertNotEqual(A, mod_generics_cache.A)
self.assertNotEqual(A, mod_generics_cache.B.A)
self.assertNotEqual(B.A, mod_generics_cache.A)
self.assertNotEqual(B.A, mod_generics_cache.B.A)
self.assertNotEqual(A[str], B.A[str])
self.assertNotEqual(A[List[Any]], B.A[List[Any]])
self.assertNotEqual(A[str], mod_generics_cache.A[str])
self.assertNotEqual(A[str], mod_generics_cache.B.A[str])
self.assertNotEqual(B.A[int], mod_generics_cache.A[int])
self.assertNotEqual(B.A[List[Any]], mod_generics_cache.B.A[List[Any]])
self.assertNotEqual(Tuple[A[str]], Tuple[B.A[str]])
self.assertNotEqual(Tuple[A[List[Any]]], Tuple[B.A[List[Any]]])
self.assertNotEqual(Union[str, A[str]], Union[str, mod_generics_cache.A[str]])
self.assertNotEqual(Union[A[str], A[str]],
Union[A[str], mod_generics_cache.A[str]])
self.assertNotEqual(typing.FrozenSet[A[str]],
typing.FrozenSet[mod_generics_cache.B.A[str]])
self.assertTrue(repr(Tuple[A[str]]).endswith('<locals>.A[str]]'))
self.assertTrue(repr(Tuple[B.A[str]]).endswith('<locals>.B.A[str]]'))
self.assertTrue(repr(Tuple[mod_generics_cache.A[str]])
.endswith('mod_generics_cache.A[str]]'))
self.assertTrue(repr(Tuple[mod_generics_cache.B.A[str]])
.endswith('mod_generics_cache.B.A[str]]'))
def test_extended_generic_rules_eq(self):
T = TypeVar('T')
U = TypeVar('U')
self.assertEqual(Tuple[T, T][int], Tuple[int, int])
self.assertEqual(typing.Iterable[Tuple[T, T]][T], typing.Iterable[Tuple[T, T]])
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
Tuple[T, int][()]
self.assertEqual(Union[T, int][int], int)
self.assertEqual(Union[T, U][int, Union[int, str]], Union[int, str])
class Base: ...
class Derived(Base): ...
self.assertEqual(Union[T, Base][Union[Base, Derived]], Union[Base, Derived])
self.assertEqual(Callable[[T], T][KT], Callable[[KT], KT])
self.assertEqual(Callable[..., List[T]][int], Callable[..., List[int]])
def test_extended_generic_rules_repr(self):
T = TypeVar('T')
self.assertEqual(repr(Union[Tuple, Callable]).replace('typing.', ''),
'Union[Tuple, Callable]')
self.assertEqual(repr(Union[Tuple, Tuple[int]]).replace('typing.', ''),
'Union[Tuple, Tuple[int]]')
self.assertEqual(repr(Callable[..., Optional[T]][int]).replace('typing.', ''),
'Callable[..., Optional[int]]')
self.assertEqual(repr(Callable[[], List[T]][int]).replace('typing.', ''),
'Callable[[], List[int]]')
def test_generic_forward_ref(self):
def foobar(x: List[List['CC']]): ...
def foobar2(x: list[list[ForwardRef('CC')]]): ...
def foobar3(x: list[ForwardRef('CC | int')] | int): ...
class CC: ...
self.assertEqual(
get_type_hints(foobar, globals(), locals()),
{'x': List[List[CC]]}
)
self.assertEqual(
get_type_hints(foobar2, globals(), locals()),
{'x': list[list[CC]]}
)
self.assertEqual(
get_type_hints(foobar3, globals(), locals()),
{'x': list[CC | int] | int}
)
T = TypeVar('T')
AT = Tuple[T, ...]
def barfoo(x: AT): ...
self.assertIs(get_type_hints(barfoo, globals(), locals())['x'], AT)
CT = Callable[..., List[T]]
def barfoo2(x: CT): ...
self.assertIs(get_type_hints(barfoo2, globals(), locals())['x'], CT)
def test_generic_pep585_forward_ref(self):
# See https://bugs.python.org/issue41370
class C1:
a: list['C1']
self.assertEqual(
get_type_hints(C1, globals(), locals()),
{'a': list[C1]}
)
class C2:
a: dict['C1', list[List[list['C2']]]]
self.assertEqual(
get_type_hints(C2, globals(), locals()),
{'a': dict[C1, list[List[list[C2]]]]}
)
# Test stringified annotations
scope = {}
exec(textwrap.dedent('''
from __future__ import annotations
class C3:
a: List[list["C2"]]
'''), scope)
C3 = scope['C3']
self.assertEqual(C3.__annotations__['a'], "List[list['C2']]")
self.assertEqual(
get_type_hints(C3, globals(), locals()),
{'a': List[list[C2]]}
)
# Test recursive types
X = list["X"]
def f(x: X): ...
self.assertEqual(
get_type_hints(f, globals(), locals()),
{'x': list[list[ForwardRef('X')]]}
)
def test_extended_generic_rules_subclassing(self):
class T1(Tuple[T, KT]): ...
class T2(Tuple[T, ...]): ...
class C1(typing.Container[T]):
def __contains__(self, item):
return False
self.assertEqual(T1.__parameters__, (T, KT))
self.assertEqual(T1[int, str].__args__, (int, str))
self.assertEqual(T1[int, T].__origin__, T1)
self.assertEqual(T2.__parameters__, (T,))
# These don't work because of tuple.__class_item__
## with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
## T1[int]
## with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
## T2[int, str]
self.assertEqual(repr(C1[int]).split('.')[-1], 'C1[int]')
self.assertEqual(C1.__parameters__, (T,))
self.assertIsInstance(C1(), collections.abc.Container)
self.assertIsSubclass(C1, collections.abc.Container)
self.assertIsInstance(T1(), tuple)
self.assertIsSubclass(T2, tuple)
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
issubclass(Tuple[int, ...], typing.Sequence)
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
issubclass(Tuple[int, ...], typing.Iterable)
def test_fail_with_bare_union(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
List[Union]
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
Tuple[Optional]
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
ClassVar[ClassVar[int]]
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
List[ClassVar[int]]
def test_fail_with_bare_generic(self):
T = TypeVar('T')
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
List[Generic]
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
Tuple[Generic[T]]
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
List[typing.Protocol]
def test_type_erasure_special(self):
T = TypeVar('T')
# this is the only test that checks type caching
self.clear_caches()
class MyTup(Tuple[T, T]): ...
self.assertIs(MyTup[int]().__class__, MyTup)
self.assertEqual(MyTup[int]().__orig_class__, MyTup[int])
class MyDict(typing.Dict[T, T]): ...
self.assertIs(MyDict[int]().__class__, MyDict)
self.assertEqual(MyDict[int]().__orig_class__, MyDict[int])
class MyDef(typing.DefaultDict[str, T]): ...
self.assertIs(MyDef[int]().__class__, MyDef)
self.assertEqual(MyDef[int]().__orig_class__, MyDef[int])
class MyChain(typing.ChainMap[str, T]): ...
self.assertIs(MyChain[int]().__class__, MyChain)
self.assertEqual(MyChain[int]().__orig_class__, MyChain[int])
def test_all_repr_eq_any(self):
objs = (getattr(typing, el) for el in typing.__all__)
for obj in objs:
self.assertNotEqual(repr(obj), '')
self.assertEqual(obj, obj)
if (getattr(obj, '__parameters__', None)
and not isinstance(obj, typing.TypeVar)
and isinstance(obj.__parameters__, tuple)
and len(obj.__parameters__) == 1):
self.assertEqual(obj[Any].__args__, (Any,))
if isinstance(obj, type):
for base in obj.__mro__:
self.assertNotEqual(repr(base), '')
self.assertEqual(base, base)
def test_pickle(self):
global C # pickle wants to reference the class by name
T = TypeVar('T')
class B(Generic[T]):
pass
class C(B[int]):
pass
c = C()
c.foo = 42
c.bar = 'abc'
for proto in range(pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
z = pickle.dumps(c, proto)
x = pickle.loads(z)
self.assertEqual(x.foo, 42)
self.assertEqual(x.bar, 'abc')
self.assertEqual(x.__dict__, {'foo': 42, 'bar': 'abc'})
samples = [Any, Union, Tuple, Callable, ClassVar,
Union[int, str], ClassVar[List], Tuple[int, ...], Tuple[()],
Callable[[str], bytes],
typing.DefaultDict, typing.FrozenSet[int]]
for s in samples:
for proto in range(pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
z = pickle.dumps(s, proto)
x = pickle.loads(z)
self.assertEqual(s, x)
more_samples = [List, typing.Iterable, typing.Type, List[int],
typing.Type[typing.Mapping], typing.AbstractSet[Tuple[int, str]]]
for s in more_samples:
for proto in range(pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
z = pickle.dumps(s, proto)
x = pickle.loads(z)
self.assertEqual(s, x)
def test_copy_and_deepcopy(self):
T = TypeVar('T')
class Node(Generic[T]): ...
things = [Union[T, int], Tuple[T, int], Tuple[()],
Callable[..., T], Callable[[int], int],
Tuple[Any, Any], Node[T], Node[int], Node[Any], typing.Iterable[T],
typing.Iterable[Any], typing.Iterable[int], typing.Dict[int, str],
typing.Dict[T, Any], ClassVar[int], ClassVar[List[T]], Tuple['T', 'T'],
Union['T', int], List['T'], typing.Mapping['T', int]]
for t in things + [Any]:
self.assertEqual(t, copy(t))
self.assertEqual(t, deepcopy(t))
def test_immutability_by_copy_and_pickle(self):
# Special forms like Union, Any, etc., generic aliases to containers like List,
# Mapping, etc., and type variabcles are considered immutable by copy and pickle.
global TP, TPB, TPV, PP # for pickle
TP = TypeVar('TP')
TPB = TypeVar('TPB', bound=int)
TPV = TypeVar('TPV', bytes, str)
PP = ParamSpec('PP')
for X in [TP, TPB, TPV, PP,
List, typing.Mapping, ClassVar, typing.Iterable,
Union, Any, Tuple, Callable]:
with self.subTest(thing=X):
self.assertIs(copy(X), X)
self.assertIs(deepcopy(X), X)
for proto in range(pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
self.assertIs(pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(X, proto)), X)
del TP, TPB, TPV, PP
# Check that local type variables are copyable.
TL = TypeVar('TL')
TLB = TypeVar('TLB', bound=int)
TLV = TypeVar('TLV', bytes, str)
PL = ParamSpec('PL')
for X in [TL, TLB, TLV, PL]:
with self.subTest(thing=X):
self.assertIs(copy(X), X)
self.assertIs(deepcopy(X), X)
def test_copy_generic_instances(self):
T = TypeVar('T')
class C(Generic[T]):
def __init__(self, attr: T) -> None:
self.attr = attr
c = C(42)
self.assertEqual(copy(c).attr, 42)
self.assertEqual(deepcopy(c).attr, 42)
self.assertIsNot(copy(c), c)
self.assertIsNot(deepcopy(c), c)
c.attr = 1
self.assertEqual(copy(c).attr, 1)
self.assertEqual(deepcopy(c).attr, 1)
ci = C[int](42)
self.assertEqual(copy(ci).attr, 42)
self.assertEqual(deepcopy(ci).attr, 42)
self.assertIsNot(copy(ci), ci)
self.assertIsNot(deepcopy(ci), ci)
ci.attr = 1
self.assertEqual(copy(ci).attr, 1)
self.assertEqual(deepcopy(ci).attr, 1)
self.assertEqual(ci.__orig_class__, C[int])
def test_weakref_all(self):
T = TypeVar('T')
things = [Any, Union[T, int], Callable[..., T], Tuple[Any, Any],
Optional[List[int]], typing.Mapping[int, str],
typing.Match[bytes], typing.Iterable['whatever']]
for t in things:
self.assertEqual(weakref.ref(t)(), t)
def test_parameterized_slots(self):
T = TypeVar('T')
class C(Generic[T]):
__slots__ = ('potato',)
c = C()
c_int = C[int]()
c.potato = 0
c_int.potato = 0
with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
c.tomato = 0
with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
c_int.tomato = 0
def foo(x: C['C']): ...
self.assertEqual(get_type_hints(foo, globals(), locals())['x'], C[C])
self.assertEqual(copy(C[int]), deepcopy(C[int]))
def test_parameterized_slots_dict(self):
T = TypeVar('T')
class D(Generic[T]):
__slots__ = {'banana': 42}
d = D()
d_int = D[int]()
d.banana = 'yes'
d_int.banana = 'yes'
with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
d.foobar = 'no'
with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
d_int.foobar = 'no'
def test_errors(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
B = SimpleMapping[XK, Any]
class C(Generic[B]):
pass
def test_repr_2(self):
class C(Generic[T]):
pass
self.assertEqual(C.__module__, __name__)
self.assertEqual(C.__qualname__,
'GenericTests.test_repr_2.<locals>.C')
X = C[int]
self.assertEqual(X.__module__, __name__)
self.assertEqual(repr(X).split('.')[-1], 'C[int]')
class Y(C[int]):
pass
self.assertEqual(Y.__module__, __name__)
self.assertEqual(Y.__qualname__,
'GenericTests.test_repr_2.<locals>.Y')
def test_repr_3(self):
T = TypeVar('T')
T1 = TypeVar('T1')
P = ParamSpec('P')
P2 = ParamSpec('P2')
Ts = TypeVarTuple('Ts')
class MyCallable(Generic[P, T]):
pass
class DoubleSpec(Generic[P, P2, T]):
pass
class TsP(Generic[*Ts, P]):
pass
object_to_expected_repr = {
MyCallable[P, T]: "MyCallable[~P, ~T]",
MyCallable[Concatenate[T1, P], T]: "MyCallable[typing.Concatenate[~T1, ~P], ~T]",
MyCallable[[], bool]: "MyCallable[[], bool]",
MyCallable[[int], bool]: "MyCallable[[int], bool]",
MyCallable[[int, str], bool]: "MyCallable[[int, str], bool]",
MyCallable[[int, list[int]], bool]: "MyCallable[[int, list[int]], bool]",
MyCallable[Concatenate[*Ts, P], T]: "MyCallable[typing.Concatenate[typing.Unpack[Ts], ~P], ~T]",
DoubleSpec[P2, P, T]: "DoubleSpec[~P2, ~P, ~T]",
DoubleSpec[[int], [str], bool]: "DoubleSpec[[int], [str], bool]",
DoubleSpec[[int, int], [str, str], bool]: "DoubleSpec[[int, int], [str, str], bool]",
TsP[*Ts, P]: "TsP[typing.Unpack[Ts], ~P]",
TsP[int, str, list[int], []]: "TsP[int, str, list[int], []]",
TsP[int, [str, list[int]]]: "TsP[int, [str, list[int]]]",
# These lines are just too long to fit:
MyCallable[Concatenate[*Ts, P], int][int, str, [bool, float]]:
"MyCallable[[int, str, bool, float], int]",
}
for obj, expected_repr in object_to_expected_repr.items():
with self.subTest(obj=obj, expected_repr=expected_repr):
self.assertRegex(
repr(obj),
fr"^{re.escape(MyCallable.__module__)}.*\.{re.escape(expected_repr)}$",
)
def test_eq_1(self):
self.assertEqual(Generic, Generic)
self.assertEqual(Generic[T], Generic[T])
self.assertNotEqual(Generic[KT], Generic[VT])
def test_eq_2(self):
class A(Generic[T]):
pass
class B(Generic[T]):
pass
self.assertEqual(A, A)
self.assertNotEqual(A, B)
self.assertEqual(A[T], A[T])
self.assertNotEqual(A[T], B[T])
def test_multiple_inheritance(self):
class A(Generic[T, VT]):
pass
class B(Generic[KT, T]):
pass
class C(A[T, VT], Generic[VT, T, KT], B[KT, T]):
pass
self.assertEqual(C.__parameters__, (VT, T, KT))
def test_multiple_inheritance_special(self):
S = TypeVar('S')
class B(Generic[S]): ...
class C(List[int], B): ...
self.assertEqual(C.__mro__, (C, list, B, Generic, object))
def test_init_subclass_super_called(self):
class FinalException(Exception):
pass
class Final:
def __init_subclass__(cls, **kwargs) -> None:
for base in cls.__bases__:
if base is not Final and issubclass(base, Final):
raise FinalException(base)
super().__init_subclass__(**kwargs)
class Test(Generic[T], Final):
pass
with self.assertRaises(FinalException):
class Subclass(Test):
pass
with self.assertRaises(FinalException):
class Subclass2(Test[int]):
pass
def test_nested(self):
G = Generic
class Visitor(G[T]):
a = None
def set(self, a: T):
self.a = a
def get(self):
return self.a
def visit(self) -> T:
return self.a
V = Visitor[typing.List[int]]
class IntListVisitor(V):
def append(self, x: int):
self.a.append(x)
a = IntListVisitor()
a.set([])
a.append(1)
a.append(42)
self.assertEqual(a.get(), [1, 42])
def test_type_erasure(self):
T = TypeVar('T')
class Node(Generic[T]):
def __init__(self, label: T,
left: 'Node[T]' = None,
right: 'Node[T]' = None):
self.label = label # type: T
self.left = left # type: Optional[Node[T]]
self.right = right # type: Optional[Node[T]]
def foo(x: T):
a = Node(x)
b = Node[T](x)
c = Node[Any](x)
self.assertIs(type(a), Node)
self.assertIs(type(b), Node)
self.assertIs(type(c), Node)
self.assertEqual(a.label, x)
self.assertEqual(b.label, x)
self.assertEqual(c.label, x)
foo(42)
def test_implicit_any(self):
T = TypeVar('T')
class C(Generic[T]):
pass
class D(C):
pass
self.assertEqual(D.__parameters__, ())
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
D[int]
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
D[Any]
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
D[T]
def test_new_with_args(self):
class A(Generic[T]):
pass
class B:
def __new__(cls, arg):
# call object
obj = super().__new__(cls)
obj.arg = arg
return obj
# mro: C, A, Generic, B, object
class C(A, B):
pass
c = C('foo')
self.assertEqual(c.arg, 'foo')
def test_new_with_args2(self):
class A:
def __init__(self, arg):
self.from_a = arg
# call object
super().__init__()
# mro: C, Generic, A, object
class C(Generic[T], A):
def __init__(self, arg):
self.from_c = arg
# call Generic
super().__init__(arg)
c = C('foo')
self.assertEqual(c.from_a, 'foo')
self.assertEqual(c.from_c, 'foo')
def test_new_no_args(self):
class A(Generic[T]):
pass
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
A('foo')
class B:
def __new__(cls):
# call object
obj = super().__new__(cls)
obj.from_b = 'b'
return obj
# mro: C, A, Generic, B, object
class C(A, B):
def __init__(self, arg):
self.arg = arg
def __new__(cls, arg):
# call A
obj = super().__new__(cls)
obj.from_c = 'c'
return obj
c = C('foo')
self.assertEqual(c.arg, 'foo')
self.assertEqual(c.from_b, 'b')
self.assertEqual(c.from_c, 'c')
def test_subclass_special_form(self):
for obj in (
ClassVar[int],
Final[int],
Union[int, float],
Optional[int],
Literal[1, 2],
Concatenate[int, ParamSpec("P")],
TypeGuard[int],
):
with self.subTest(msg=obj):
with self.assertRaisesRegex(
TypeError, f'^{re.escape(f"Cannot subclass {obj!r}")}$'
):
class Foo(obj):
pass
def test_complex_subclasses(self):
T_co = TypeVar("T_co", covariant=True)
class Base(Generic[T_co]):
...
T = TypeVar("T")
# see gh-94607: this fails in that bug
class Sub(Base, Generic[T]):
...
def test_parameter_detection(self):
self.assertEqual(List[T].__parameters__, (T,))
self.assertEqual(List[List[T]].__parameters__, (T,))
class A:
__parameters__ = (T,)
# Bare classes should be skipped
for a in (List, list):
for b in (A, int, TypeVar, TypeVarTuple, ParamSpec, types.GenericAlias, types.UnionType):
with self.subTest(generic=a, sub=b):
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, '.* is not a generic class'):
a[b][str]
# Duck-typing anything that looks like it has __parameters__.
# These tests are optional and failure is okay.
self.assertEqual(List[A()].__parameters__, (T,))
# C version of GenericAlias
self.assertEqual(list[A()].__parameters__, (T,))
def test_non_generic_subscript(self):
T = TypeVar('T')
class G(Generic[T]):
pass
class A:
__parameters__ = (T,)
for s in (int, G, A, List, list,
TypeVar, TypeVarTuple, ParamSpec,
types.GenericAlias, types.UnionType):
for t in Tuple, tuple:
with self.subTest(tuple=t, sub=s):
self.assertEqual(t[s, T][int], t[s, int])
self.assertEqual(t[T, s][int], t[int, s])
a = t[s]
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
a[int]
for c in Callable, collections.abc.Callable:
with self.subTest(callable=c, sub=s):
self.assertEqual(c[[s], T][int], c[[s], int])
self.assertEqual(c[[T], s][int], c[[int], s])
a = c[[s], s]
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
a[int]
class ClassVarTests(BaseTestCase):
def test_basics(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
ClassVar[int, str]
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
ClassVar[int][str]
def test_repr(self):
self.assertEqual(repr(ClassVar), 'typing.ClassVar')
cv = ClassVar[int]
self.assertEqual(repr(cv), 'typing.ClassVar[int]')
cv = ClassVar[Employee]
self.assertEqual(repr(cv), 'typing.ClassVar[%s.Employee]' % __name__)
def test_cannot_subclass(self):
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, CANNOT_SUBCLASS_TYPE):
class C(type(ClassVar)):
pass
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, CANNOT_SUBCLASS_TYPE):
class D(type(ClassVar[int])):
pass
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError,
r'Cannot subclass typing\.ClassVar'):
class E(ClassVar):
pass
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError,
r'Cannot subclass typing\.ClassVar\[int\]'):
class F(ClassVar[int]):
pass
def test_cannot_init(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
ClassVar()
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
type(ClassVar)()
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
type(ClassVar[Optional[int]])()
def test_no_isinstance(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
isinstance(1, ClassVar[int])
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
issubclass(int, ClassVar)
class FinalTests(BaseTestCase):
def test_basics(self):
Final[int] # OK
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
Final[int, str]
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
Final[int][str]
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
Optional[Final[int]]
def test_repr(self):
self.assertEqual(repr(Final), 'typing.Final')
cv = Final[int]
self.assertEqual(repr(cv), 'typing.Final[int]')
cv = Final[Employee]
self.assertEqual(repr(cv), 'typing.Final[%s.Employee]' % __name__)
cv = Final[tuple[int]]
self.assertEqual(repr(cv), 'typing.Final[tuple[int]]')
def test_cannot_subclass(self):
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, CANNOT_SUBCLASS_TYPE):
class C(type(Final)):
pass
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, CANNOT_SUBCLASS_TYPE):
class D(type(Final[int])):
pass
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError,
r'Cannot subclass typing\.Final'):
class E(Final):
pass
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError,
r'Cannot subclass typing\.Final\[int\]'):
class F(Final[int]):
pass
def test_cannot_init(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
Final()
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
type(Final)()
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
type(Final[Optional[int]])()
def test_no_isinstance(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
isinstance(1, Final[int])
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
issubclass(int, Final)
class FinalDecoratorTests(BaseTestCase):
def test_final_unmodified(self):
def func(x): ...
self.assertIs(func, final(func))
def test_dunder_final(self):
@final
def func(): ...
@final
class Cls: ...
self.assertIs(True, func.__final__)
self.assertIs(True, Cls.__final__)
class Wrapper:
__slots__ = ("func",)
def __init__(self, func):
self.func = func
def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
return self.func(*args, **kwargs)
# Check that no error is thrown if the attribute
# is not writable.
@final
@Wrapper
def wrapped(): ...
self.assertIsInstance(wrapped, Wrapper)
self.assertIs(False, hasattr(wrapped, "__final__"))
class Meta(type):
@property
def __final__(self): return "can't set me"
@final
class WithMeta(metaclass=Meta): ...
self.assertEqual(WithMeta.__final__, "can't set me")
# Builtin classes throw TypeError if you try to set an
# attribute.
final(int)
self.assertIs(False, hasattr(int, "__final__"))
# Make sure it works with common builtin decorators
class Methods:
@final
@classmethod
def clsmethod(cls): ...
@final
@staticmethod
def stmethod(): ...
# The other order doesn't work because property objects
# don't allow attribute assignment.
@property
@final
def prop(self): ...
@final
@lru_cache()
def cached(self): ...
# Use getattr_static because the descriptor returns the
# underlying function, which doesn't have __final__.
self.assertIs(
True,
inspect.getattr_static(Methods, "clsmethod").__final__
)
self.assertIs(
True,
inspect.getattr_static(Methods, "stmethod").__final__
)
self.assertIs(True, Methods.prop.fget.__final__)
self.assertIs(True, Methods.cached.__final__)
class OverrideDecoratorTests(BaseTestCase):
def test_override(self):
class Base:
def normal_method(self): ...
@classmethod
def class_method_good_order(cls): ...
@classmethod
def class_method_bad_order(cls): ...
@staticmethod
def static_method_good_order(): ...
@staticmethod
def static_method_bad_order(): ...
class Derived(Base):
@override
def normal_method(self):
return 42
@classmethod
@override
def class_method_good_order(cls):
return 42
@override
@classmethod
def class_method_bad_order(cls):
return 42
@staticmethod
@override
def static_method_good_order():
return 42
@override
@staticmethod
def static_method_bad_order():
return 42
self.assertIsSubclass(Derived, Base)
instance = Derived()
self.assertEqual(instance.normal_method(), 42)
self.assertIs(True, Derived.normal_method.__override__)
self.assertIs(True, instance.normal_method.__override__)
self.assertEqual(Derived.class_method_good_order(), 42)
self.assertIs(True, Derived.class_method_good_order.__override__)
self.assertEqual(Derived.class_method_bad_order(), 42)
self.assertIs(False, hasattr(Derived.class_method_bad_order, "__override__"))
self.assertEqual(Derived.static_method_good_order(), 42)
self.assertIs(True, Derived.static_method_good_order.__override__)
self.assertEqual(Derived.static_method_bad_order(), 42)
self.assertIs(False, hasattr(Derived.static_method_bad_order, "__override__"))
# Base object is not changed:
self.assertIs(False, hasattr(Base.normal_method, "__override__"))
self.assertIs(False, hasattr(Base.class_method_good_order, "__override__"))
self.assertIs(False, hasattr(Base.class_method_bad_order, "__override__"))
self.assertIs(False, hasattr(Base.static_method_good_order, "__override__"))
self.assertIs(False, hasattr(Base.static_method_bad_order, "__override__"))
def test_property(self):
class Base:
@property
def correct(self) -> int:
return 1
@property
def wrong(self) -> int:
return 1
class Child(Base):
@property
@override
def correct(self) -> int:
return 2
@override
@property
def wrong(self) -> int:
return 2
instance = Child()
self.assertEqual(instance.correct, 2)
self.assertTrue(Child.correct.fget.__override__)
self.assertEqual(instance.wrong, 2)
self.assertFalse(hasattr(Child.wrong, "__override__"))
self.assertFalse(hasattr(Child.wrong.fset, "__override__"))
def test_silent_failure(self):
class CustomProp:
__slots__ = ('fget',)
def __init__(self, fget):
self.fget = fget
def __get__(self, obj, objtype=None):
return self.fget(obj)
class WithOverride:
@override # must not fail on object with `__slots__`
@CustomProp
def some(self):
return 1
self.assertEqual(WithOverride.some, 1)
self.assertFalse(hasattr(WithOverride.some, "__override__"))
def test_multiple_decorators(self):
import functools
def with_wraps(f): # similar to `lru_cache` definition
@functools.wraps(f)
def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
return f(*args, **kwargs)
return wrapper
class WithOverride:
@override
@with_wraps
def on_top(self, a: int) -> int:
return a + 1
@with_wraps
@override
def on_bottom(self, a: int) -> int:
return a + 2
instance = WithOverride()
self.assertEqual(instance.on_top(1), 2)
self.assertTrue(instance.on_top.__override__)
self.assertEqual(instance.on_bottom(1), 3)
self.assertTrue(instance.on_bottom.__override__)
class CastTests(BaseTestCase):
def test_basics(self):
self.assertEqual(cast(int, 42), 42)
self.assertEqual(cast(float, 42), 42)
self.assertIs(type(cast(float, 42)), int)
self.assertEqual(cast(Any, 42), 42)
self.assertEqual(cast(list, 42), 42)
self.assertEqual(cast(Union[str, float], 42), 42)
self.assertEqual(cast(AnyStr, 42), 42)
self.assertEqual(cast(None, 42), 42)
def test_errors(self):
# Bogus calls are not expected to fail.
cast(42, 42)
cast('hello', 42)
class AssertTypeTests(BaseTestCase):
def test_basics(self):
arg = 42
self.assertIs(assert_type(arg, int), arg)
self.assertIs(assert_type(arg, str | float), arg)
self.assertIs(assert_type(arg, AnyStr), arg)
self.assertIs(assert_type(arg, None), arg)
def test_errors(self):
# Bogus calls are not expected to fail.
arg = 42
self.assertIs(assert_type(arg, 42), arg)
self.assertIs(assert_type(arg, 'hello'), arg)
# We need this to make sure that `@no_type_check` respects `__module__` attr:
from test.typinganndata import ann_module8
@no_type_check
class NoTypeCheck_Outer:
Inner = ann_module8.NoTypeCheck_Outer.Inner
@no_type_check
class NoTypeCheck_WithFunction:
NoTypeCheck_function = ann_module8.NoTypeCheck_function
class ForwardRefTests(BaseTestCase):
def test_basics(self):
class Node(Generic[T]):
def __init__(self, label: T):
self.label = label
self.left = self.right = None
def add_both(self,
left: 'Optional[Node[T]]',
right: 'Node[T]' = None,
stuff: int = None,
blah=None):
self.left = left
self.right = right
def add_left(self, node: Optional['Node[T]']):
self.add_both(node, None)
def add_right(self, node: 'Node[T]' = None):
self.add_both(None, node)
t = Node[int]
both_hints = get_type_hints(t.add_both, globals(), locals())
self.assertEqual(both_hints['left'], Optional[Node[T]])
self.assertEqual(both_hints['right'], Node[T])
self.assertEqual(both_hints['stuff'], int)
self.assertNotIn('blah', both_hints)
left_hints = get_type_hints(t.add_left, globals(), locals())
self.assertEqual(left_hints['node'], Optional[Node[T]])
right_hints = get_type_hints(t.add_right, globals(), locals())
self.assertEqual(right_hints['node'], Node[T])
def test_forwardref_instance_type_error(self):
fr = typing.ForwardRef('int')
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
isinstance(42, fr)
def test_forwardref_subclass_type_error(self):
fr = typing.ForwardRef('int')
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
issubclass(int, fr)
def test_forwardref_only_str_arg(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
typing.ForwardRef(1) # only `str` type is allowed
def test_forward_equality(self):
fr = typing.ForwardRef('int')
self.assertEqual(fr, typing.ForwardRef('int'))
self.assertNotEqual(List['int'], List[int])
self.assertNotEqual(fr, typing.ForwardRef('int', module=__name__))
frm = typing.ForwardRef('int', module=__name__)
self.assertEqual(frm, typing.ForwardRef('int', module=__name__))
self.assertNotEqual(frm, typing.ForwardRef('int', module='__other_name__'))
def test_forward_equality_gth(self):
c1 = typing.ForwardRef('C')
c1_gth = typing.ForwardRef('C')
c2 = typing.ForwardRef('C')
c2_gth = typing.ForwardRef('C')
class C:
pass
def foo(a: c1_gth, b: c2_gth):
pass
self.assertEqual(get_type_hints(foo, globals(), locals()), {'a': C, 'b': C})
self.assertEqual(c1, c2)
self.assertEqual(c1, c1_gth)
self.assertEqual(c1_gth, c2_gth)
self.assertEqual(List[c1], List[c1_gth])
self.assertNotEqual(List[c1], List[C])
self.assertNotEqual(List[c1_gth], List[C])
self.assertEqual(Union[c1, c1_gth], Union[c1])
self.assertEqual(Union[c1, c1_gth, int], Union[c1, int])
def test_forward_equality_hash(self):
c1 = typing.ForwardRef('int')
c1_gth = typing.ForwardRef('int')
c2 = typing.ForwardRef('int')
c2_gth = typing.ForwardRef('int')
def foo(a: c1_gth, b: c2_gth):
pass
get_type_hints(foo, globals(), locals())
self.assertEqual(hash(c1), hash(c2))
self.assertEqual(hash(c1_gth), hash(c2_gth))
self.assertEqual(hash(c1), hash(c1_gth))
c3 = typing.ForwardRef('int', module=__name__)
c4 = typing.ForwardRef('int', module='__other_name__')
self.assertNotEqual(hash(c3), hash(c1))
self.assertNotEqual(hash(c3), hash(c1_gth))
self.assertNotEqual(hash(c3), hash(c4))
self.assertEqual(hash(c3), hash(typing.ForwardRef('int', module=__name__)))
def test_forward_equality_namespace(self):
class A:
pass
def namespace1():
a = typing.ForwardRef('A')
def fun(x: a):
pass
get_type_hints(fun, globals(), locals())
return a
def namespace2():
a = typing.ForwardRef('A')
class A:
pass
def fun(x: a):
pass
get_type_hints(fun, globals(), locals())
return a
self.assertEqual(namespace1(), namespace1())
self.assertNotEqual(namespace1(), namespace2())
def test_forward_repr(self):
self.assertEqual(repr(List['int']), "typing.List[ForwardRef('int')]")
self.assertEqual(repr(List[ForwardRef('int', module='mod')]),
"typing.List[ForwardRef('int', module='mod')]")
def test_union_forward(self):
def foo(a: Union['T']):
pass
self.assertEqual(get_type_hints(foo, globals(), locals()),
{'a': Union[T]})
def foo(a: tuple[ForwardRef('T')] | int):
pass
self.assertEqual(get_type_hints(foo, globals(), locals()),
{'a': tuple[T] | int})
def test_tuple_forward(self):
def foo(a: Tuple['T']):
pass
self.assertEqual(get_type_hints(foo, globals(), locals()),
{'a': Tuple[T]})
def foo(a: tuple[ForwardRef('T')]):
pass
self.assertEqual(get_type_hints(foo, globals(), locals()),
{'a': tuple[T]})
def test_double_forward(self):
def foo(a: 'List[\'int\']'):
pass
self.assertEqual(get_type_hints(foo, globals(), locals()),
{'a': List[int]})
def test_forward_recursion_actually(self):
def namespace1():
a = typing.ForwardRef('A')
A = a
def fun(x: a): pass
ret = get_type_hints(fun, globals(), locals())
return a
def namespace2():
a = typing.ForwardRef('A')
A = a
def fun(x: a): pass
ret = get_type_hints(fun, globals(), locals())
return a
def cmp(o1, o2):
return o1 == o2
r1 = namespace1()
r2 = namespace2()
self.assertIsNot(r1, r2)
self.assertRaises(RecursionError, cmp, r1, r2)
def test_union_forward_recursion(self):
ValueList = List['Value']
Value = Union[str, ValueList]
class C:
foo: List[Value]
class D:
foo: Union[Value, ValueList]
class E:
foo: Union[List[Value], ValueList]
class F:
foo: Union[Value, List[Value], ValueList]
self.assertEqual(get_type_hints(C, globals(), locals()), get_type_hints(C, globals(), locals()))
self.assertEqual(get_type_hints(C, globals(), locals()),
{'foo': List[Union[str, List[Union[str, List['Value']]]]]})
self.assertEqual(get_type_hints(D, globals(), locals()),
{'foo': Union[str, List[Union[str, List['Value']]]]})
self.assertEqual(get_type_hints(E, globals(), locals()),
{'foo': Union[
List[Union[str, List[Union[str, List['Value']]]]],
List[Union[str, List['Value']]]
]
})
self.assertEqual(get_type_hints(F, globals(), locals()),
{'foo': Union[
str,
List[Union[str, List['Value']]],
List[Union[str, List[Union[str, List['Value']]]]]
]
})
def test_callable_forward(self):
def foo(a: Callable[['T'], 'T']):
pass
self.assertEqual(get_type_hints(foo, globals(), locals()),
{'a': Callable[[T], T]})
def test_callable_with_ellipsis_forward(self):
def foo(a: 'Callable[..., T]'):
pass
self.assertEqual(get_type_hints(foo, globals(), locals()),
{'a': Callable[..., T]})
def test_special_forms_forward(self):
class C:
a: Annotated['ClassVar[int]', (3, 5)] = 4
b: Annotated['Final[int]', "const"] = 4
x: 'ClassVar' = 4
y: 'Final' = 4
class CF:
b: List['Final[int]'] = 4
self.assertEqual(get_type_hints(C, globals())['a'], ClassVar[int])
self.assertEqual(get_type_hints(C, globals())['b'], Final[int])
self.assertEqual(get_type_hints(C, globals())['x'], ClassVar)
self.assertEqual(get_type_hints(C, globals())['y'], Final)
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
get_type_hints(CF, globals()),
def test_syntax_error(self):
with self.assertRaises(SyntaxError):
Generic['/T']
def test_delayed_syntax_error(self):
def foo(a: 'Node[T'):
pass
with self.assertRaises(SyntaxError):
get_type_hints(foo)
def test_name_error(self):
def foo(a: 'Noode[T]'):
pass
with self.assertRaises(NameError):
get_type_hints(foo, locals())
def test_no_type_check(self):
@no_type_check
def foo(a: 'whatevers') -> {}:
pass
th = get_type_hints(foo)
self.assertEqual(th, {})
def test_no_type_check_class(self):
@no_type_check
class C:
def foo(a: 'whatevers') -> {}:
pass
cth = get_type_hints(C.foo)
self.assertEqual(cth, {})
ith = get_type_hints(C().foo)
self.assertEqual(ith, {})
def test_no_type_check_no_bases(self):
class C:
def meth(self, x: int): ...
@no_type_check
class D(C):
c = C
# verify that @no_type_check never affects bases
self.assertEqual(get_type_hints(C.meth), {'x': int})
# and never child classes:
class Child(D):
def foo(self, x: int): ...
self.assertEqual(get_type_hints(Child.foo), {'x': int})
def test_no_type_check_nested_types(self):
# See https://bugs.python.org/issue46571
class Other:
o: int
class B: # Has the same `__name__`` as `A.B` and different `__qualname__`
o: int
@no_type_check
class A:
a: int
class B:
b: int
class C:
c: int
class D:
d: int
Other = Other
for klass in [A, A.B, A.B.C, A.D]:
with self.subTest(klass=klass):
self.assertTrue(klass.__no_type_check__)
self.assertEqual(get_type_hints(klass), {})
for not_modified in [Other, B]:
with self.subTest(not_modified=not_modified):
with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
not_modified.__no_type_check__
self.assertNotEqual(get_type_hints(not_modified), {})
def test_no_type_check_class_and_static_methods(self):
@no_type_check
class Some:
@staticmethod
def st(x: int) -> int: ...
@classmethod
def cl(cls, y: int) -> int: ...
self.assertTrue(Some.st.__no_type_check__)
self.assertEqual(get_type_hints(Some.st), {})
self.assertTrue(Some.cl.__no_type_check__)
self.assertEqual(get_type_hints(Some.cl), {})
def test_no_type_check_other_module(self):
self.assertTrue(NoTypeCheck_Outer.__no_type_check__)
with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
ann_module8.NoTypeCheck_Outer.__no_type_check__
with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
ann_module8.NoTypeCheck_Outer.Inner.__no_type_check__
self.assertTrue(NoTypeCheck_WithFunction.__no_type_check__)
with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
ann_module8.NoTypeCheck_function.__no_type_check__
def test_no_type_check_foreign_functions(self):
# We should not modify this function:
def some(*args: int) -> int:
...
@no_type_check
class A:
some_alias = some
some_class = classmethod(some)
some_static = staticmethod(some)
with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
some.__no_type_check__
self.assertEqual(get_type_hints(some), {'args': int, 'return': int})
def test_no_type_check_lambda(self):
@no_type_check
class A:
# Corner case: `lambda` is both an assignment and a function:
bar: Callable[[int], int] = lambda arg: arg
self.assertTrue(A.bar.__no_type_check__)
self.assertEqual(get_type_hints(A.bar), {})
def test_no_type_check_TypeError(self):
# This simply should not fail with
# `TypeError: can't set attributes of built-in/extension type 'dict'`
no_type_check(dict)
def test_no_type_check_forward_ref_as_string(self):
class C:
foo: typing.ClassVar[int] = 7
class D:
foo: ClassVar[int] = 7
class E:
foo: 'typing.ClassVar[int]' = 7
class F:
foo: 'ClassVar[int]' = 7
expected_result = {'foo': typing.ClassVar[int]}
for clazz in [C, D, E, F]:
self.assertEqual(get_type_hints(clazz), expected_result)
def test_nested_classvar_fails_forward_ref_check(self):
class E:
foo: 'typing.ClassVar[typing.ClassVar[int]]' = 7
class F:
foo: ClassVar['ClassVar[int]'] = 7
for clazz in [E, F]:
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
get_type_hints(clazz)
def test_meta_no_type_check(self):
depr_msg = (
"'typing.no_type_check_decorator' is deprecated "
"and slated for removal in Python 3.15"
)
with self.assertWarnsRegex(DeprecationWarning, depr_msg):
@no_type_check_decorator
def magic_decorator(func):
return func
self.assertEqual(magic_decorator.__name__, 'magic_decorator')
@magic_decorator
def foo(a: 'whatevers') -> {}:
pass
@magic_decorator
class C:
def foo(a: 'whatevers') -> {}:
pass
self.assertEqual(foo.__name__, 'foo')
th = get_type_hints(foo)
self.assertEqual(th, {})
cth = get_type_hints(C.foo)
self.assertEqual(cth, {})
ith = get_type_hints(C().foo)
self.assertEqual(ith, {})
def test_default_globals(self):
code = ("class C:\n"
" def foo(self, a: 'C') -> 'D': pass\n"
"class D:\n"
" def bar(self, b: 'D') -> C: pass\n"
)
ns = {}
exec(code, ns)
hints = get_type_hints(ns['C'].foo)
self.assertEqual(hints, {'a': ns['C'], 'return': ns['D']})
def test_final_forward_ref(self):
self.assertEqual(gth(Loop, globals())['attr'], Final[Loop])
self.assertNotEqual(gth(Loop, globals())['attr'], Final[int])
self.assertNotEqual(gth(Loop, globals())['attr'], Final)
def test_or(self):
X = ForwardRef('X')
# __or__/__ror__ itself
self.assertEqual(X | "x", Union[X, "x"])
self.assertEqual("x" | X, Union["x", X])
@lru_cache()
def cached_func(x, y):
return 3 * x + y
class MethodHolder:
@classmethod
def clsmethod(cls): ...
@staticmethod
def stmethod(): ...
def method(self): ...
class OverloadTests(BaseTestCase):
def test_overload_fails(self):
with self.assertRaises(NotImplementedError):
@overload
def blah():
pass
blah()
def test_overload_succeeds(self):
@overload
def blah():
pass
def blah():
pass
blah()
@cpython_only # gh-98713
def test_overload_on_compiled_functions(self):
with patch("typing._overload_registry",
defaultdict(lambda: defaultdict(dict))):
# The registry starts out empty:
self.assertEqual(typing._overload_registry, {})
# This should just not fail:
overload(sum)
overload(print)
# No overloads are recorded (but, it still has a side-effect):
self.assertEqual(typing.get_overloads(sum), [])
self.assertEqual(typing.get_overloads(print), [])
def set_up_overloads(self):
def blah():
pass
overload1 = blah
overload(blah)
def blah():
pass
overload2 = blah
overload(blah)
def blah():
pass
return blah, [overload1, overload2]
# Make sure we don't clear the global overload registry
@patch("typing._overload_registry",
defaultdict(lambda: defaultdict(dict)))
def test_overload_registry(self):
# The registry starts out empty
self.assertEqual(typing._overload_registry, {})
impl, overloads = self.set_up_overloads()
self.assertNotEqual(typing._overload_registry, {})
self.assertEqual(list(get_overloads(impl)), overloads)
def some_other_func(): pass
overload(some_other_func)
other_overload = some_other_func
def some_other_func(): pass
self.assertEqual(list(get_overloads(some_other_func)), [other_overload])
# Unrelated function still has no overloads:
def not_overloaded(): pass
self.assertEqual(list(get_overloads(not_overloaded)), [])
# Make sure that after we clear all overloads, the registry is
# completely empty.
clear_overloads()
self.assertEqual(typing._overload_registry, {})
self.assertEqual(get_overloads(impl), [])
# Querying a function with no overloads shouldn't change the registry.
def the_only_one(): pass
self.assertEqual(get_overloads(the_only_one), [])
self.assertEqual(typing._overload_registry, {})
def test_overload_registry_repeated(self):
for _ in range(2):
impl, overloads = self.set_up_overloads()
self.assertEqual(list(get_overloads(impl)), overloads)
# Definitions needed for features introduced in Python 3.6
from test.typinganndata import (
ann_module, ann_module2, ann_module3, ann_module5, ann_module6,
)
T_a = TypeVar('T_a')
class AwaitableWrapper(typing.Awaitable[T_a]):
def __init__(self, value):
self.value = value
def __await__(self) -> typing.Iterator[T_a]:
yield
return self.value
class AsyncIteratorWrapper(typing.AsyncIterator[T_a]):
def __init__(self, value: typing.Iterable[T_a]):
self.value = value
def __aiter__(self) -> typing.AsyncIterator[T_a]:
return self
async def __anext__(self) -> T_a:
data = await self.value
if data:
return data
else:
raise StopAsyncIteration
class ACM:
async def __aenter__(self) -> int:
return 42
async def __aexit__(self, etype, eval, tb):
return None
class A:
y: float
class B(A):
x: ClassVar[Optional['B']] = None
y: int
b: int
class CSub(B):
z: ClassVar['CSub'] = B()
class G(Generic[T]):
lst: ClassVar[List[T]] = []
class Loop:
attr: Final['Loop']
class NoneAndForward:
parent: 'NoneAndForward'
meaning: None
class CoolEmployee(NamedTuple):
name: str
cool: int
class CoolEmployeeWithDefault(NamedTuple):
name: str
cool: int = 0
class XMeth(NamedTuple):
x: int
def double(self):
return 2 * self.x
class XRepr(NamedTuple):
x: int
y: int = 1
def __str__(self):
return f'{self.x} -> {self.y}'
def __add__(self, other):
return 0
Label = TypedDict('Label', [('label', str)])
class Point2D(TypedDict):
x: int
y: int
class Point2DGeneric(Generic[T], TypedDict):
a: T
b: T
class Bar(_typed_dict_helper.Foo, total=False):
b: int
class BarGeneric(_typed_dict_helper.FooGeneric[T], total=False):
b: int
class LabelPoint2D(Point2D, Label): ...
class Options(TypedDict, total=False):
log_level: int
log_path: str
class TotalMovie(TypedDict):
title: str
year: NotRequired[int]
class NontotalMovie(TypedDict, total=False):
title: Required[str]
year: int
class ParentNontotalMovie(TypedDict, total=False):
title: Required[str]
class ChildTotalMovie(ParentNontotalMovie):
year: NotRequired[int]
class ParentDeeplyAnnotatedMovie(TypedDict):
title: Annotated[Annotated[Required[str], "foobar"], "another level"]
class ChildDeeplyAnnotatedMovie(ParentDeeplyAnnotatedMovie):
year: NotRequired[Annotated[int, 2000]]
class AnnotatedMovie(TypedDict):
title: Annotated[Required[str], "foobar"]
year: NotRequired[Annotated[int, 2000]]
class DeeplyAnnotatedMovie(TypedDict):
title: Annotated[Annotated[Required[str], "foobar"], "another level"]
year: NotRequired[Annotated[int, 2000]]
class WeirdlyQuotedMovie(TypedDict):
title: Annotated['Annotated[Required[str], "foobar"]', "another level"]
year: NotRequired['Annotated[int, 2000]']
class HasForeignBaseClass(mod_generics_cache.A):
some_xrepr: 'XRepr'
other_a: 'mod_generics_cache.A'
async def g_with(am: typing.AsyncContextManager[int]):
x: int
async with am as x:
return x
try:
g_with(ACM()).send(None)
except StopIteration as e:
assert e.args[0] == 42
gth = get_type_hints
class ForRefExample:
@ann_module.dec
def func(self: 'ForRefExample'):
pass
@ann_module.dec
@ann_module.dec
def nested(self: 'ForRefExample'):
pass
class GetTypeHintTests(BaseTestCase):
def test_get_type_hints_from_various_objects(self):
# For invalid objects should fail with TypeError (not AttributeError etc).
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
gth(123)
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
gth('abc')
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
gth(None)
def test_get_type_hints_modules(self):
ann_module_type_hints = {1: 2, 'f': Tuple[int, int], 'x': int, 'y': str, 'u': int | float}
self.assertEqual(gth(ann_module), ann_module_type_hints)
self.assertEqual(gth(ann_module2), {})
self.assertEqual(gth(ann_module3), {})
@skip("known bug")
def test_get_type_hints_modules_forwardref(self):
# FIXME: This currently exposes a bug in typing. Cached forward references
# don't account for the case where there are multiple types of the same
# name coming from different modules in the same program.
mgc_hints = {'default_a': Optional[mod_generics_cache.A],
'default_b': Optional[mod_generics_cache.B]}
self.assertEqual(gth(mod_generics_cache), mgc_hints)
def test_get_type_hints_classes(self):
self.assertEqual(gth(ann_module.C), # gth will find the right globalns
{'y': Optional[ann_module.C]})
self.assertIsInstance(gth(ann_module.j_class), dict)
self.assertEqual(gth(ann_module.M), {'123': 123, 'o': type})
self.assertEqual(gth(ann_module.D),
{'j': str, 'k': str, 'y': Optional[ann_module.C]})
self.assertEqual(gth(ann_module.Y), {'z': int})
self.assertEqual(gth(ann_module.h_class),
{'y': Optional[ann_module.C]})
self.assertEqual(gth(ann_module.S), {'x': str, 'y': str})
self.assertEqual(gth(ann_module.foo), {'x': int})
self.assertEqual(gth(NoneAndForward),
{'parent': NoneAndForward, 'meaning': type(None)})
self.assertEqual(gth(HasForeignBaseClass),
{'some_xrepr': XRepr, 'other_a': mod_generics_cache.A,
'some_b': mod_generics_cache.B})
self.assertEqual(gth(XRepr.__new__),
{'x': int, 'y': int})
self.assertEqual(gth(mod_generics_cache.B),
{'my_inner_a1': mod_generics_cache.B.A,
'my_inner_a2': mod_generics_cache.B.A,
'my_outer_a': mod_generics_cache.A})
def test_get_type_hints_classes_no_implicit_optional(self):
class WithNoneDefault:
field: int = None # most type-checkers won't be happy with it
self.assertEqual(gth(WithNoneDefault), {'field': int})
def test_respect_no_type_check(self):
@no_type_check
class NoTpCheck:
class Inn:
def __init__(self, x: 'not a type'): ...
self.assertTrue(NoTpCheck.__no_type_check__)
self.assertTrue(NoTpCheck.Inn.__init__.__no_type_check__)
self.assertEqual(gth(ann_module2.NTC.meth), {})
class ABase(Generic[T]):
def meth(x: int): ...
@no_type_check
class Der(ABase): ...
self.assertEqual(gth(ABase.meth), {'x': int})
def test_get_type_hints_for_builtins(self):
# Should not fail for built-in classes and functions.
self.assertEqual(gth(int), {})
self.assertEqual(gth(type), {})
self.assertEqual(gth(dir), {})
self.assertEqual(gth(len), {})
self.assertEqual(gth(object.__str__), {})
self.assertEqual(gth(object().__str__), {})
self.assertEqual(gth(str.join), {})
def test_previous_behavior(self):
def testf(x, y): ...
testf.__annotations__['x'] = 'int'
self.assertEqual(gth(testf), {'x': int})
def testg(x: None): ...
self.assertEqual(gth(testg), {'x': type(None)})
def test_get_type_hints_for_object_with_annotations(self):
class A: ...
class B: ...
b = B()
b.__annotations__ = {'x': 'A'}
self.assertEqual(gth(b, locals()), {'x': A})
def test_get_type_hints_ClassVar(self):
self.assertEqual(gth(ann_module2.CV, ann_module2.__dict__),
{'var': typing.ClassVar[ann_module2.CV]})
self.assertEqual(gth(B, globals()),
{'y': int, 'x': ClassVar[Optional[B]], 'b': int})
self.assertEqual(gth(CSub, globals()),
{'z': ClassVar[CSub], 'y': int, 'b': int,
'x': ClassVar[Optional[B]]})
self.assertEqual(gth(G), {'lst': ClassVar[List[T]]})
def test_get_type_hints_wrapped_decoratored_func(self):
expects = {'self': ForRefExample}
self.assertEqual(gth(ForRefExample.func), expects)
self.assertEqual(gth(ForRefExample.nested), expects)
def test_get_type_hints_annotated(self):
def foobar(x: List['X']): ...
X = Annotated[int, (1, 10)]
self.assertEqual(
get_type_hints(foobar, globals(), locals()),
{'x': List[int]}
)
self.assertEqual(
get_type_hints(foobar, globals(), locals(), include_extras=True),
{'x': List[Annotated[int, (1, 10)]]}
)
def foobar(x: list[ForwardRef('X')]): ...
X = Annotated[int, (1, 10)]
self.assertEqual(
get_type_hints(foobar, globals(), locals()),
{'x': list[int]}
)
self.assertEqual(
get_type_hints(foobar, globals(), locals(), include_extras=True),
{'x': list[Annotated[int, (1, 10)]]}
)
BA = Tuple[Annotated[T, (1, 0)], ...]
def barfoo(x: BA): ...
self.assertEqual(get_type_hints(barfoo, globals(), locals())['x'], Tuple[T, ...])
self.assertEqual(
get_type_hints(barfoo, globals(), locals(), include_extras=True)['x'],
BA
)
BA = tuple[Annotated[T, (1, 0)], ...]
def barfoo(x: BA): ...
self.assertEqual(get_type_hints(barfoo, globals(), locals())['x'], tuple[T, ...])
self.assertEqual(
get_type_hints(barfoo, globals(), locals(), include_extras=True)['x'],
BA
)
def barfoo2(x: typing.Callable[..., Annotated[List[T], "const"]],
y: typing.Union[int, Annotated[T, "mutable"]]): ...
self.assertEqual(
get_type_hints(barfoo2, globals(), locals()),
{'x': typing.Callable[..., List[T]], 'y': typing.Union[int, T]}
)
BA2 = typing.Callable[..., List[T]]
def barfoo3(x: BA2): ...
self.assertIs(
get_type_hints(barfoo3, globals(), locals(), include_extras=True)["x"],
BA2
)
BA3 = typing.Annotated[int | float, "const"]
def barfoo4(x: BA3): ...
self.assertEqual(
get_type_hints(barfoo4, globals(), locals()),
{"x": int | float}
)
self.assertEqual(
get_type_hints(barfoo4, globals(), locals(), include_extras=True),
{"x": typing.Annotated[int | float, "const"]}
)
def test_get_type_hints_annotated_in_union(self): # bpo-46603
def with_union(x: int | list[Annotated[str, 'meta']]): ...
self.assertEqual(get_type_hints(with_union), {'x': int | list[str]})
self.assertEqual(
get_type_hints(with_union, include_extras=True),
{'x': int | list[Annotated[str, 'meta']]},
)
def test_get_type_hints_annotated_refs(self):
Const = Annotated[T, "Const"]
class MySet(Generic[T]):
def __ior__(self, other: "Const[MySet[T]]") -> "MySet[T]":
...
def __iand__(self, other: Const["MySet[T]"]) -> "MySet[T]":
...
self.assertEqual(
get_type_hints(MySet.__iand__, globals(), locals()),
{'other': MySet[T], 'return': MySet[T]}
)
self.assertEqual(
get_type_hints(MySet.__iand__, globals(), locals(), include_extras=True),
{'other': Const[MySet[T]], 'return': MySet[T]}
)
self.assertEqual(
get_type_hints(MySet.__ior__, globals(), locals()),
{'other': MySet[T], 'return': MySet[T]}
)
def test_get_type_hints_annotated_with_none_default(self):
# See: https://bugs.python.org/issue46195
def annotated_with_none_default(x: Annotated[int, 'data'] = None): ...
self.assertEqual(
get_type_hints(annotated_with_none_default),
{'x': int},
)
self.assertEqual(
get_type_hints(annotated_with_none_default, include_extras=True),
{'x': Annotated[int, 'data']},
)
def test_get_type_hints_classes_str_annotations(self):
class Foo:
y = str
x: 'y'
# This previously raised an error under PEP 563.
self.assertEqual(get_type_hints(Foo), {'x': str})
def test_get_type_hints_bad_module(self):
# bpo-41515
class BadModule:
pass
BadModule.__module__ = 'bad' # Something not in sys.modules
self.assertNotIn('bad', sys.modules)
self.assertEqual(get_type_hints(BadModule), {})
def test_get_type_hints_annotated_bad_module(self):
# See https://bugs.python.org/issue44468
class BadBase:
foo: tuple
class BadType(BadBase):
bar: list
BadType.__module__ = BadBase.__module__ = 'bad'
self.assertNotIn('bad', sys.modules)
self.assertEqual(get_type_hints(BadType), {'foo': tuple, 'bar': list})
def test_forward_ref_and_final(self):
# https://bugs.python.org/issue45166
hints = get_type_hints(ann_module5)
self.assertEqual(hints, {'name': Final[str]})
hints = get_type_hints(ann_module5.MyClass)
self.assertEqual(hints, {'value': Final})
def test_top_level_class_var(self):
# https://bugs.python.org/issue45166
with self.assertRaisesRegex(
TypeError,
r'typing.ClassVar\[int\] is not valid as type argument',
):
get_type_hints(ann_module6)
def test_get_type_hints_typeddict(self):
self.assertEqual(get_type_hints(TotalMovie), {'title': str, 'year': int})
self.assertEqual(get_type_hints(TotalMovie, include_extras=True), {
'title': str,
'year': NotRequired[int],
})
self.assertEqual(get_type_hints(AnnotatedMovie), {'title': str, 'year': int})
self.assertEqual(get_type_hints(AnnotatedMovie, include_extras=True), {
'title': Annotated[Required[str], "foobar"],
'year': NotRequired[Annotated[int, 2000]],
})
self.assertEqual(get_type_hints(DeeplyAnnotatedMovie), {'title': str, 'year': int})
self.assertEqual(get_type_hints(DeeplyAnnotatedMovie, include_extras=True), {
'title': Annotated[Required[str], "foobar", "another level"],
'year': NotRequired[Annotated[int, 2000]],
})
self.assertEqual(get_type_hints(WeirdlyQuotedMovie), {'title': str, 'year': int})
self.assertEqual(get_type_hints(WeirdlyQuotedMovie, include_extras=True), {
'title': Annotated[Required[str], "foobar", "another level"],
'year': NotRequired[Annotated[int, 2000]],
})
self.assertEqual(get_type_hints(_typed_dict_helper.VeryAnnotated), {'a': int})
self.assertEqual(get_type_hints(_typed_dict_helper.VeryAnnotated, include_extras=True), {
'a': Annotated[Required[int], "a", "b", "c"]
})
self.assertEqual(get_type_hints(ChildTotalMovie), {"title": str, "year": int})
self.assertEqual(get_type_hints(ChildTotalMovie, include_extras=True), {
"title": Required[str], "year": NotRequired[int]
})
self.assertEqual(get_type_hints(ChildDeeplyAnnotatedMovie), {"title": str, "year": int})
self.assertEqual(get_type_hints(ChildDeeplyAnnotatedMovie, include_extras=True), {
"title": Annotated[Required[str], "foobar", "another level"],
"year": NotRequired[Annotated[int, 2000]]
})
def test_get_type_hints_collections_abc_callable(self):
# https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/91621
P = ParamSpec('P')
def f(x: collections.abc.Callable[[int], int]): ...
def g(x: collections.abc.Callable[..., int]): ...
def h(x: collections.abc.Callable[P, int]): ...
self.assertEqual(get_type_hints(f), {'x': collections.abc.Callable[[int], int]})
self.assertEqual(get_type_hints(g), {'x': collections.abc.Callable[..., int]})
self.assertEqual(get_type_hints(h), {'x': collections.abc.Callable[P, int]})
class GetUtilitiesTestCase(TestCase):
def test_get_origin(self):
T = TypeVar('T')
Ts = TypeVarTuple('Ts')
P = ParamSpec('P')
class C(Generic[T]): pass
self.assertIs(get_origin(C[int]), C)
self.assertIs(get_origin(C[T]), C)
self.assertIs(get_origin(int), None)
self.assertIs(get_origin(ClassVar[int]), ClassVar)
self.assertIs(get_origin(Union[int, str]), Union)
self.assertIs(get_origin(Literal[42, 43]), Literal)
self.assertIs(get_origin(Final[List[int]]), Final)
self.assertIs(get_origin(Generic), Generic)
self.assertIs(get_origin(Generic[T]), Generic)
self.assertIs(get_origin(List[Tuple[T, T]][int]), list)
self.assertIs(get_origin(Annotated[T, 'thing']), Annotated)
self.assertIs(get_origin(List), list)
self.assertIs(get_origin(Tuple), tuple)
self.assertIs(get_origin(Callable), collections.abc.Callable)
self.assertIs(get_origin(list[int]), list)
self.assertIs(get_origin(list), None)
self.assertIs(get_origin(list | str), types.UnionType)
self.assertIs(get_origin(P.args), P)
self.assertIs(get_origin(P.kwargs), P)
self.assertIs(get_origin(Required[int]), Required)
self.assertIs(get_origin(NotRequired[int]), NotRequired)
self.assertIs(get_origin((*Ts,)[0]), Unpack)
self.assertIs(get_origin(Unpack[Ts]), Unpack)
self.assertIs(get_origin((*tuple[*Ts],)[0]), tuple)
self.assertIs(get_origin(Unpack[Tuple[Unpack[Ts]]]), Unpack)
def test_get_args(self):
T = TypeVar('T')
class C(Generic[T]): pass
self.assertEqual(get_args(C[int]), (int,))
self.assertEqual(get_args(C[T]), (T,))
self.assertEqual(get_args(typing.SupportsAbs[int]), (int,)) # Protocol
self.assertEqual(get_args(typing.SupportsAbs[T]), (T,))
self.assertEqual(get_args(Point2DGeneric[int]), (int,)) # TypedDict
self.assertEqual(get_args(Point2DGeneric[T]), (T,))
self.assertEqual(get_args(T), ())
self.assertEqual(get_args(int), ())
self.assertEqual(get_args(Any), ())
self.assertEqual(get_args(Self), ())
self.assertEqual(get_args(LiteralString), ())
self.assertEqual(get_args(ClassVar[int]), (int,))
self.assertEqual(get_args(Union[int, str]), (int, str))
self.assertEqual(get_args(Literal[42, 43]), (42, 43))
self.assertEqual(get_args(Final[List[int]]), (List[int],))
self.assertEqual(get_args(Optional[int]), (int, type(None)))
self.assertEqual(get_args(Union[int, None]), (int, type(None)))
self.assertEqual(get_args(Union[int, Tuple[T, int]][str]),
(int, Tuple[str, int]))
self.assertEqual(get_args(typing.Dict[int, Tuple[T, T]][Optional[int]]),
(int, Tuple[Optional[int], Optional[int]]))
self.assertEqual(get_args(Callable[[], T][int]), ([], int))
self.assertEqual(get_args(Callable[..., int]), (..., int))
self.assertEqual(get_args(Callable[[int], str]), ([int], str))
self.assertEqual(get_args(Union[int, Callable[[Tuple[T, ...]], str]]),
(int, Callable[[Tuple[T, ...]], str]))
self.assertEqual(get_args(Tuple[int, ...]), (int, ...))
self.assertEqual(get_args(Tuple[()]), ())
self.assertEqual(get_args(Annotated[T, 'one', 2, ['three']]), (T, 'one', 2, ['three']))
self.assertEqual(get_args(List), ())
self.assertEqual(get_args(Tuple), ())
self.assertEqual(get_args(Callable), ())
self.assertEqual(get_args(list[int]), (int,))
self.assertEqual(get_args(list), ())
self.assertEqual(get_args(collections.abc.Callable[[int], str]), ([int], str))
self.assertEqual(get_args(collections.abc.Callable[..., str]), (..., str))
self.assertEqual(get_args(collections.abc.Callable[[], str]), ([], str))
self.assertEqual(get_args(collections.abc.Callable[[int], str]),
get_args(Callable[[int], str]))
P = ParamSpec('P')
self.assertEqual(get_args(P), ())
self.assertEqual(get_args(P.args), ())
self.assertEqual(get_args(P.kwargs), ())
self.assertEqual(get_args(Callable[P, int]), (P, int))
self.assertEqual(get_args(collections.abc.Callable[P, int]), (P, int))
self.assertEqual(get_args(Callable[Concatenate[int, P], int]),
(Concatenate[int, P], int))
self.assertEqual(get_args(collections.abc.Callable[Concatenate[int, P], int]),
(Concatenate[int, P], int))
self.assertEqual(get_args(Concatenate[int, str, P]), (int, str, P))
self.assertEqual(get_args(list | str), (list, str))
self.assertEqual(get_args(Required[int]), (int,))
self.assertEqual(get_args(NotRequired[int]), (int,))
self.assertEqual(get_args(TypeAlias), ())
self.assertEqual(get_args(TypeGuard[int]), (int,))
Ts = TypeVarTuple('Ts')
self.assertEqual(get_args(Ts), ())
self.assertEqual(get_args((*Ts,)[0]), (Ts,))
self.assertEqual(get_args(Unpack[Ts]), (Ts,))
self.assertEqual(get_args(tuple[*Ts]), (*Ts,))
self.assertEqual(get_args(tuple[Unpack[Ts]]), (Unpack[Ts],))
self.assertEqual(get_args((*tuple[*Ts],)[0]), (*Ts,))
self.assertEqual(get_args(Unpack[tuple[Unpack[Ts]]]), (tuple[Unpack[Ts]],))
class CollectionsAbcTests(BaseTestCase):
def test_hashable(self):
self.assertIsInstance(42, typing.Hashable)
self.assertNotIsInstance([], typing.Hashable)
def test_iterable(self):
self.assertIsInstance([], typing.Iterable)
# Due to ABC caching, the second time takes a separate code
# path and could fail. So call this a few times.
self.assertIsInstance([], typing.Iterable)
self.assertIsInstance([], typing.Iterable)
self.assertNotIsInstance(42, typing.Iterable)
# Just in case, also test issubclass() a few times.
self.assertIsSubclass(list, typing.Iterable)
self.assertIsSubclass(list, typing.Iterable)
def test_iterator(self):
it = iter([])
self.assertIsInstance(it, typing.Iterator)
self.assertNotIsInstance(42, typing.Iterator)
def test_awaitable(self):
ns = {}
exec(
"async def foo() -> typing.Awaitable[int]:\n"
" return await AwaitableWrapper(42)\n",
globals(), ns)
foo = ns['foo']
g = foo()
self.assertIsInstance(g, typing.Awaitable)
self.assertNotIsInstance(foo, typing.Awaitable)
g.send(None) # Run foo() till completion, to avoid warning.
def test_coroutine(self):
ns = {}
exec(
"async def foo():\n"
" return\n",
globals(), ns)
foo = ns['foo']
g = foo()
self.assertIsInstance(g, typing.Coroutine)
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
isinstance(g, typing.Coroutine[int])
self.assertNotIsInstance(foo, typing.Coroutine)
try:
g.send(None)
except StopIteration:
pass
def test_async_iterable(self):
base_it = range(10) # type: Iterator[int]
it = AsyncIteratorWrapper(base_it)
self.assertIsInstance(it, typing.AsyncIterable)
self.assertIsInstance(it, typing.AsyncIterable)
self.assertNotIsInstance(42, typing.AsyncIterable)
def test_async_iterator(self):
base_it = range(10) # type: Iterator[int]
it = AsyncIteratorWrapper(base_it)
self.assertIsInstance(it, typing.AsyncIterator)
self.assertNotIsInstance(42, typing.AsyncIterator)
def test_sized(self):
self.assertIsInstance([], typing.Sized)
self.assertNotIsInstance(42, typing.Sized)
def test_container(self):
self.assertIsInstance([], typing.Container)
self.assertNotIsInstance(42, typing.Container)
def test_collection(self):
self.assertIsInstance(tuple(), typing.Collection)
self.assertIsInstance(frozenset(), typing.Collection)
self.assertIsSubclass(dict, typing.Collection)
self.assertNotIsInstance(42, typing.Collection)
def test_abstractset(self):
self.assertIsInstance(set(), typing.AbstractSet)
self.assertNotIsInstance(42, typing.AbstractSet)
def test_mutableset(self):
self.assertIsInstance(set(), typing.MutableSet)
self.assertNotIsInstance(frozenset(), typing.MutableSet)
def test_mapping(self):
self.assertIsInstance({}, typing.Mapping)
self.assertNotIsInstance(42, typing.Mapping)
def test_mutablemapping(self):
self.assertIsInstance({}, typing.MutableMapping)
self.assertNotIsInstance(42, typing.MutableMapping)
def test_sequence(self):
self.assertIsInstance([], typing.Sequence)
self.assertNotIsInstance(42, typing.Sequence)
def test_mutablesequence(self):
self.assertIsInstance([], typing.MutableSequence)
self.assertNotIsInstance((), typing.MutableSequence)
def test_bytestring(self):
with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
self.assertIsInstance(b'', typing.ByteString)
with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
self.assertIsInstance(bytearray(b''), typing.ByteString)
with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
class Foo(typing.ByteString): ...
with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
class Bar(typing.ByteString, typing.Awaitable): ...
def test_list(self):
self.assertIsSubclass(list, typing.List)
def test_deque(self):
self.assertIsSubclass(collections.deque, typing.Deque)
class MyDeque(typing.Deque[int]): ...
self.assertIsInstance(MyDeque(), collections.deque)
def test_counter(self):
self.assertIsSubclass(collections.Counter, typing.Counter)
def test_set(self):
self.assertIsSubclass(set, typing.Set)
self.assertNotIsSubclass(frozenset, typing.Set)
def test_frozenset(self):
self.assertIsSubclass(frozenset, typing.FrozenSet)
self.assertNotIsSubclass(set, typing.FrozenSet)
def test_dict(self):
self.assertIsSubclass(dict, typing.Dict)
def test_dict_subscribe(self):
K = TypeVar('K')
V = TypeVar('V')
self.assertEqual(Dict[K, V][str, int], Dict[str, int])
self.assertEqual(Dict[K, int][str], Dict[str, int])
self.assertEqual(Dict[str, V][int], Dict[str, int])
self.assertEqual(Dict[K, List[V]][str, int], Dict[str, List[int]])
self.assertEqual(Dict[K, List[int]][str], Dict[str, List[int]])
self.assertEqual(Dict[K, list[V]][str, int], Dict[str, list[int]])
self.assertEqual(Dict[K, list[int]][str], Dict[str, list[int]])
def test_no_list_instantiation(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
typing.List()
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
typing.List[T]()
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
typing.List[int]()
def test_list_subclass(self):
class MyList(typing.List[int]):
pass
a = MyList()
self.assertIsInstance(a, MyList)
self.assertIsInstance(a, typing.Sequence)
self.assertIsSubclass(MyList, list)
self.assertNotIsSubclass(list, MyList)
def test_no_dict_instantiation(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
typing.Dict()
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
typing.Dict[KT, VT]()
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
typing.Dict[str, int]()
def test_dict_subclass(self):
class MyDict(typing.Dict[str, int]):
pass
d = MyDict()
self.assertIsInstance(d, MyDict)
self.assertIsInstance(d, typing.MutableMapping)
self.assertIsSubclass(MyDict, dict)
self.assertNotIsSubclass(dict, MyDict)
def test_defaultdict_instantiation(self):
self.assertIs(type(typing.DefaultDict()), collections.defaultdict)
self.assertIs(type(typing.DefaultDict[KT, VT]()), collections.defaultdict)
self.assertIs(type(typing.DefaultDict[str, int]()), collections.defaultdict)
def test_defaultdict_subclass(self):
class MyDefDict(typing.DefaultDict[str, int]):
pass
dd = MyDefDict()
self.assertIsInstance(dd, MyDefDict)
self.assertIsSubclass(MyDefDict, collections.defaultdict)
self.assertNotIsSubclass(collections.defaultdict, MyDefDict)
def test_ordereddict_instantiation(self):
self.assertIs(type(typing.OrderedDict()), collections.OrderedDict)
self.assertIs(type(typing.OrderedDict[KT, VT]()), collections.OrderedDict)
self.assertIs(type(typing.OrderedDict[str, int]()), collections.OrderedDict)
def test_ordereddict_subclass(self):
class MyOrdDict(typing.OrderedDict[str, int]):
pass
od = MyOrdDict()
self.assertIsInstance(od, MyOrdDict)
self.assertIsSubclass(MyOrdDict, collections.OrderedDict)
self.assertNotIsSubclass(collections.OrderedDict, MyOrdDict)
def test_chainmap_instantiation(self):
self.assertIs(type(typing.ChainMap()), collections.ChainMap)
self.assertIs(type(typing.ChainMap[KT, VT]()), collections.ChainMap)
self.assertIs(type(typing.ChainMap[str, int]()), collections.ChainMap)
class CM(typing.ChainMap[KT, VT]): ...
self.assertIs(type(CM[int, str]()), CM)
def test_chainmap_subclass(self):
class MyChainMap(typing.ChainMap[str, int]):
pass
cm = MyChainMap()
self.assertIsInstance(cm, MyChainMap)
self.assertIsSubclass(MyChainMap, collections.ChainMap)
self.assertNotIsSubclass(collections.ChainMap, MyChainMap)
def test_deque_instantiation(self):
self.assertIs(type(typing.Deque()), collections.deque)
self.assertIs(type(typing.Deque[T]()), collections.deque)
self.assertIs(type(typing.Deque[int]()), collections.deque)
class D(typing.Deque[T]): ...
self.assertIs(type(D[int]()), D)
def test_counter_instantiation(self):
self.assertIs(type(typing.Counter()), collections.Counter)
self.assertIs(type(typing.Counter[T]()), collections.Counter)
self.assertIs(type(typing.Counter[int]()), collections.Counter)
class C(typing.Counter[T]): ...
self.assertIs(type(C[int]()), C)
def test_counter_subclass_instantiation(self):
class MyCounter(typing.Counter[int]):
pass
d = MyCounter()
self.assertIsInstance(d, MyCounter)
self.assertIsInstance(d, typing.Counter)
self.assertIsInstance(d, collections.Counter)
def test_no_set_instantiation(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
typing.Set()
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
typing.Set[T]()
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
typing.Set[int]()
def test_set_subclass_instantiation(self):
class MySet(typing.Set[int]):
pass
d = MySet()
self.assertIsInstance(d, MySet)
def test_no_frozenset_instantiation(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
typing.FrozenSet()
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
typing.FrozenSet[T]()
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
typing.FrozenSet[int]()
def test_frozenset_subclass_instantiation(self):
class MyFrozenSet(typing.FrozenSet[int]):
pass
d = MyFrozenSet()
self.assertIsInstance(d, MyFrozenSet)
def test_no_tuple_instantiation(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
Tuple()
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
Tuple[T]()
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
Tuple[int]()
def test_generator(self):
def foo():
yield 42
g = foo()
self.assertIsSubclass(type(g), typing.Generator)
def test_no_generator_instantiation(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
typing.Generator()
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
typing.Generator[T, T, T]()
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
typing.Generator[int, int, int]()
def test_async_generator(self):
ns = {}
exec("async def f():\n"
" yield 42\n", globals(), ns)
g = ns['f']()
self.assertIsSubclass(type(g), typing.AsyncGenerator)
def test_no_async_generator_instantiation(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
typing.AsyncGenerator()
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
typing.AsyncGenerator[T, T]()
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
typing.AsyncGenerator[int, int]()
def test_subclassing(self):
class MMA(typing.MutableMapping):
pass
with self.assertRaises(TypeError): # It's abstract
MMA()
class MMC(MMA):
def __getitem__(self, k):
return None
def __setitem__(self, k, v):
pass
def __delitem__(self, k):
pass
def __iter__(self):
return iter(())
def __len__(self):
return 0
self.assertEqual(len(MMC()), 0)
self.assertTrue(callable(MMC.update))
self.assertIsInstance(MMC(), typing.Mapping)
class MMB(typing.MutableMapping[KT, VT]):
def __getitem__(self, k):
return None
def __setitem__(self, k, v):
pass
def __delitem__(self, k):
pass
def __iter__(self):
return iter(())
def __len__(self):
return 0
self.assertEqual(len(MMB()), 0)
self.assertEqual(len(MMB[str, str]()), 0)
self.assertEqual(len(MMB[KT, VT]()), 0)
self.assertNotIsSubclass(dict, MMA)
self.assertNotIsSubclass(dict, MMB)
self.assertIsSubclass(MMA, typing.Mapping)
self.assertIsSubclass(MMB, typing.Mapping)
self.assertIsSubclass(MMC, typing.Mapping)
self.assertIsInstance(MMB[KT, VT](), typing.Mapping)
self.assertIsInstance(MMB[KT, VT](), collections.abc.Mapping)
self.assertIsSubclass(MMA, collections.abc.Mapping)
self.assertIsSubclass(MMB, collections.abc.Mapping)
self.assertIsSubclass(MMC, collections.abc.Mapping)
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
issubclass(MMB[str, str], typing.Mapping)
self.assertIsSubclass(MMC, MMA)
class I(typing.Iterable): ...
self.assertNotIsSubclass(list, I)
class G(typing.Generator[int, int, int]): ...
def g(): yield 0
self.assertIsSubclass(G, typing.Generator)
self.assertIsSubclass(G, typing.Iterable)
self.assertIsSubclass(G, collections.abc.Generator)
self.assertIsSubclass(G, collections.abc.Iterable)
self.assertNotIsSubclass(type(g), G)
def test_subclassing_async_generator(self):
class G(typing.AsyncGenerator[int, int]):
def asend(self, value):
pass
def athrow(self, typ, val=None, tb=None):
pass
ns = {}
exec('async def g(): yield 0', globals(), ns)
g = ns['g']
self.assertIsSubclass(G, typing.AsyncGenerator)
self.assertIsSubclass(G, typing.AsyncIterable)
self.assertIsSubclass(G, collections.abc.AsyncGenerator)
self.assertIsSubclass(G, collections.abc.AsyncIterable)
self.assertNotIsSubclass(type(g), G)
instance = G()
self.assertIsInstance(instance, typing.AsyncGenerator)
self.assertIsInstance(instance, typing.AsyncIterable)
self.assertIsInstance(instance, collections.abc.AsyncGenerator)
self.assertIsInstance(instance, collections.abc.AsyncIterable)
self.assertNotIsInstance(type(g), G)
self.assertNotIsInstance(g, G)
def test_subclassing_subclasshook(self):
class Base(typing.Iterable):
@classmethod
def __subclasshook__(cls, other):
if other.__name__ == 'Foo':
return True
else:
return False
class C(Base): ...
class Foo: ...
class Bar: ...
self.assertIsSubclass(Foo, Base)
self.assertIsSubclass(Foo, C)
self.assertNotIsSubclass(Bar, C)
def test_subclassing_register(self):
class A(typing.Container): ...
class B(A): ...
class C: ...
A.register(C)
self.assertIsSubclass(C, A)
self.assertNotIsSubclass(C, B)
class D: ...
B.register(D)
self.assertIsSubclass(D, A)
self.assertIsSubclass(D, B)
class M(): ...
collections.abc.MutableMapping.register(M)
self.assertIsSubclass(M, typing.Mapping)
def test_collections_as_base(self):
class M(collections.abc.Mapping): ...
self.assertIsSubclass(M, typing.Mapping)
self.assertIsSubclass(M, typing.Iterable)
class S(collections.abc.MutableSequence): ...
self.assertIsSubclass(S, typing.MutableSequence)
self.assertIsSubclass(S, typing.Iterable)
class I(collections.abc.Iterable): ...
self.assertIsSubclass(I, typing.Iterable)
class A(collections.abc.Mapping, metaclass=abc.ABCMeta): ...
class B: ...
A.register(B)
self.assertIsSubclass(B, typing.Mapping)
def test_or_and_ror(self):
self.assertEqual(typing.Sized | typing.Awaitable, Union[typing.Sized, typing.Awaitable])
self.assertEqual(typing.Coroutine | typing.Hashable, Union[typing.Coroutine, typing.Hashable])
class OtherABCTests(BaseTestCase):
def test_contextmanager(self):
@contextlib.contextmanager
def manager():
yield 42
cm = manager()
self.assertIsInstance(cm, typing.ContextManager)
self.assertNotIsInstance(42, typing.ContextManager)
def test_async_contextmanager(self):
class NotACM:
pass
self.assertIsInstance(ACM(), typing.AsyncContextManager)
self.assertNotIsInstance(NotACM(), typing.AsyncContextManager)
@contextlib.contextmanager
def manager():
yield 42
cm = manager()
self.assertNotIsInstance(cm, typing.AsyncContextManager)
self.assertEqual(typing.AsyncContextManager[int].__args__, (int,))
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
isinstance(42, typing.AsyncContextManager[int])
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
typing.AsyncContextManager[int, str]
class TypeTests(BaseTestCase):
def test_type_basic(self):
class User: pass
class BasicUser(User): pass
class ProUser(User): pass
def new_user(user_class: Type[User]) -> User:
return user_class()
new_user(BasicUser)
def test_type_typevar(self):
class User: pass
class BasicUser(User): pass
class ProUser(User): pass
U = TypeVar('U', bound=User)
def new_user(user_class: Type[U]) -> U:
return user_class()
new_user(BasicUser)
def test_type_optional(self):
A = Optional[Type[BaseException]]
def foo(a: A) -> Optional[BaseException]:
if a is None:
return None
else:
return a()
self.assertIsInstance(foo(KeyboardInterrupt), KeyboardInterrupt)
self.assertIsNone(foo(None))
class TestModules(TestCase):
func_names = ['_idfunc']
def test_c_functions(self):
for fname in self.func_names:
self.assertEqual(getattr(typing, fname).__module__, '_typing')
class NewTypeTests(BaseTestCase):
@classmethod
def setUpClass(cls):
global UserId
UserId = typing.NewType('UserId', int)
cls.UserName = typing.NewType(cls.__qualname__ + '.UserName', str)
@classmethod
def tearDownClass(cls):
global UserId
del UserId
del cls.UserName
def test_basic(self):
self.assertIsInstance(UserId(5), int)
self.assertIsInstance(self.UserName('Joe'), str)
self.assertEqual(UserId(5) + 1, 6)
def test_errors(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
issubclass(UserId, int)
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
class D(UserId):
pass
def test_or(self):
for cls in (int, self.UserName):
with self.subTest(cls=cls):
self.assertEqual(UserId | cls, typing.Union[UserId, cls])
self.assertEqual(cls | UserId, typing.Union[cls, UserId])
self.assertEqual(typing.get_args(UserId | cls), (UserId, cls))
self.assertEqual(typing.get_args(cls | UserId), (cls, UserId))
def test_special_attrs(self):
self.assertEqual(UserId.__name__, 'UserId')
self.assertEqual(UserId.__qualname__, 'UserId')
self.assertEqual(UserId.__module__, __name__)
self.assertEqual(UserId.__supertype__, int)
UserName = self.UserName
self.assertEqual(UserName.__name__, 'UserName')
self.assertEqual(UserName.__qualname__,
self.__class__.__qualname__ + '.UserName')
self.assertEqual(UserName.__module__, __name__)
self.assertEqual(UserName.__supertype__, str)
def test_repr(self):
self.assertEqual(repr(UserId), f'{__name__}.UserId')
self.assertEqual(repr(self.UserName),
f'{__name__}.{self.__class__.__qualname__}.UserName')
def test_pickle(self):
UserAge = typing.NewType('UserAge', float)
for proto in range(pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
with self.subTest(proto=proto):
pickled = pickle.dumps(UserId, proto)
loaded = pickle.loads(pickled)
self.assertIs(loaded, UserId)
pickled = pickle.dumps(self.UserName, proto)
loaded = pickle.loads(pickled)
self.assertIs(loaded, self.UserName)
with self.assertRaises(pickle.PicklingError):
pickle.dumps(UserAge, proto)
def test_missing__name__(self):
code = ("import typing\n"
"NT = typing.NewType('NT', int)\n"
)
exec(code, {})
def test_error_message_when_subclassing(self):
with self.assertRaisesRegex(
TypeError,
re.escape(
"Cannot subclass an instance of NewType. Perhaps you were looking for: "
"`ProUserId = NewType('ProUserId', UserId)`"
)
):
class ProUserId(UserId):
...
class NamedTupleTests(BaseTestCase):
class NestedEmployee(NamedTuple):
name: str
cool: int
def test_basics(self):
Emp = NamedTuple('Emp', [('name', str), ('id', int)])
self.assertIsSubclass(Emp, tuple)
joe = Emp('Joe', 42)
jim = Emp(name='Jim', id=1)
self.assertIsInstance(joe, Emp)
self.assertIsInstance(joe, tuple)
self.assertEqual(joe.name, 'Joe')
self.assertEqual(joe.id, 42)
self.assertEqual(jim.name, 'Jim')
self.assertEqual(jim.id, 1)
self.assertEqual(Emp.__name__, 'Emp')
self.assertEqual(Emp._fields, ('name', 'id'))
self.assertEqual(Emp.__annotations__,
collections.OrderedDict([('name', str), ('id', int)]))
def test_annotation_usage(self):
tim = CoolEmployee('Tim', 9000)
self.assertIsInstance(tim, CoolEmployee)
self.assertIsInstance(tim, tuple)
self.assertEqual(tim.name, 'Tim')
self.assertEqual(tim.cool, 9000)
self.assertEqual(CoolEmployee.__name__, 'CoolEmployee')
self.assertEqual(CoolEmployee._fields, ('name', 'cool'))
self.assertEqual(CoolEmployee.__annotations__,
collections.OrderedDict(name=str, cool=int))
def test_annotation_usage_with_default(self):
jelle = CoolEmployeeWithDefault('Jelle')
self.assertIsInstance(jelle, CoolEmployeeWithDefault)
self.assertIsInstance(jelle, tuple)
self.assertEqual(jelle.name, 'Jelle')
self.assertEqual(jelle.cool, 0)
cooler_employee = CoolEmployeeWithDefault('Sjoerd', 1)
self.assertEqual(cooler_employee.cool, 1)
self.assertEqual(CoolEmployeeWithDefault.__name__, 'CoolEmployeeWithDefault')
self.assertEqual(CoolEmployeeWithDefault._fields, ('name', 'cool'))
self.assertEqual(CoolEmployeeWithDefault.__annotations__,
dict(name=str, cool=int))
self.assertEqual(CoolEmployeeWithDefault._field_defaults, dict(cool=0))
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
class NonDefaultAfterDefault(NamedTuple):
x: int = 3
y: int
def test_annotation_usage_with_methods(self):
self.assertEqual(XMeth(1).double(), 2)
self.assertEqual(XMeth(42).x, XMeth(42)[0])
self.assertEqual(str(XRepr(42)), '42 -> 1')
self.assertEqual(XRepr(1, 2) + XRepr(3), 0)
with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
class XMethBad(NamedTuple):
x: int
def _fields(self):
return 'no chance for this'
with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
class XMethBad2(NamedTuple):
x: int
def _source(self):
return 'no chance for this as well'
def test_multiple_inheritance(self):
class A:
pass
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
class X(NamedTuple, A):
x: int
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
class Y(NamedTuple, tuple):
x: int
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
class Z(NamedTuple, NamedTuple):
x: int
class B(NamedTuple):
x: int
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
class C(NamedTuple, B):
y: str
def test_generic(self):
class X(NamedTuple, Generic[T]):
x: T
self.assertEqual(X.__bases__, (tuple, Generic))
self.assertEqual(X.__orig_bases__, (NamedTuple, Generic[T]))
self.assertEqual(X.__mro__, (X, tuple, Generic, object))
class Y(Generic[T], NamedTuple):
x: T
self.assertEqual(Y.__bases__, (Generic, tuple))
self.assertEqual(Y.__orig_bases__, (Generic[T], NamedTuple))
self.assertEqual(Y.__mro__, (Y, Generic, tuple, object))
for G in X, Y:
with self.subTest(type=G):
self.assertEqual(G.__parameters__, (T,))
self.assertEqual(G[T].__args__, (T,))
self.assertEqual(get_args(G[T]), (T,))
A = G[int]
self.assertIs(A.__origin__, G)
self.assertEqual(A.__args__, (int,))
self.assertEqual(get_args(A), (int,))
self.assertEqual(A.__parameters__, ())
a = A(3)
self.assertIs(type(a), G)
self.assertEqual(a.x, 3)
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
G[int, str]
def test_generic_pep695(self):
class X[T](NamedTuple):
x: T
T, = X.__type_params__
self.assertIsInstance(T, TypeVar)
self.assertEqual(T.__name__, 'T')
self.assertEqual(X.__bases__, (tuple, Generic))
self.assertEqual(X.__orig_bases__, (NamedTuple, Generic[T]))
self.assertEqual(X.__mro__, (X, tuple, Generic, object))
self.assertEqual(X.__parameters__, (T,))
self.assertEqual(X[str].__args__, (str,))
self.assertEqual(X[str].__parameters__, ())
def test_non_generic_subscript(self):
# For backward compatibility, subscription works
# on arbitrary NamedTuple types.
class Group(NamedTuple):
key: T
group: list[T]
A = Group[int]
self.assertEqual(A.__origin__, Group)
self.assertEqual(A.__parameters__, ())
self.assertEqual(A.__args__, (int,))
a = A(1, [2])
self.assertIs(type(a), Group)
self.assertEqual(a, (1, [2]))
def test_namedtuple_keyword_usage(self):
with self.assertWarnsRegex(
DeprecationWarning,
"Creating NamedTuple classes using keyword arguments is deprecated"
):
LocalEmployee = NamedTuple("LocalEmployee", name=str, age=int)
nick = LocalEmployee('Nick', 25)
self.assertIsInstance(nick, tuple)
self.assertEqual(nick.name, 'Nick')
self.assertEqual(LocalEmployee.__name__, 'LocalEmployee')
self.assertEqual(LocalEmployee._fields, ('name', 'age'))
self.assertEqual(LocalEmployee.__annotations__, dict(name=str, age=int))
with self.assertRaisesRegex(
TypeError,
"Either list of fields or keywords can be provided to NamedTuple, not both"
):
NamedTuple('Name', [('x', int)], y=str)
with self.assertRaisesRegex(
TypeError,
"Either list of fields or keywords can be provided to NamedTuple, not both"
):
NamedTuple('Name', [], y=str)
with self.assertRaisesRegex(
TypeError,
(
r"Cannot pass `None` as the 'fields' parameter "
r"and also specify fields using keyword arguments"
)
):
NamedTuple('Name', None, x=int)
def test_namedtuple_special_keyword_names(self):
with self.assertWarnsRegex(
DeprecationWarning,
"Creating NamedTuple classes using keyword arguments is deprecated"
):
NT = NamedTuple("NT", cls=type, self=object, typename=str, fields=list)
self.assertEqual(NT.__name__, 'NT')
self.assertEqual(NT._fields, ('cls', 'self', 'typename', 'fields'))
a = NT(cls=str, self=42, typename='foo', fields=[('bar', tuple)])
self.assertEqual(a.cls, str)
self.assertEqual(a.self, 42)
self.assertEqual(a.typename, 'foo')
self.assertEqual(a.fields, [('bar', tuple)])
def test_empty_namedtuple(self):
expected_warning = re.escape(
"Failing to pass a value for the 'fields' parameter is deprecated "
"and will be disallowed in Python 3.15. "
"To create a NamedTuple class with 0 fields "
"using the functional syntax, "
"pass an empty list, e.g. `NT1 = NamedTuple('NT1', [])`."
)
with self.assertWarnsRegex(DeprecationWarning, fr"^{expected_warning}$"):
NT1 = NamedTuple('NT1')
expected_warning = re.escape(
"Passing `None` as the 'fields' parameter is deprecated "
"and will be disallowed in Python 3.15. "
"To create a NamedTuple class with 0 fields "
"using the functional syntax, "
"pass an empty list, e.g. `NT2 = NamedTuple('NT2', [])`."
)
with self.assertWarnsRegex(DeprecationWarning, fr"^{expected_warning}$"):
NT2 = NamedTuple('NT2', None)
NT3 = NamedTuple('NT2', [])
class CNT(NamedTuple):
pass # empty body
for struct in NT1, NT2, NT3, CNT:
with self.subTest(struct=struct):
self.assertEqual(struct._fields, ())
self.assertEqual(struct._field_defaults, {})
self.assertEqual(struct.__annotations__, {})
self.assertIsInstance(struct(), struct)
def test_namedtuple_errors(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
NamedTuple.__new__()
with self.assertRaisesRegex(
TypeError,
"missing 1 required positional argument"
):
NamedTuple()
with self.assertRaisesRegex(
TypeError,
"takes from 1 to 2 positional arguments but 3 were given"
):
NamedTuple('Emp', [('name', str)], None)
with self.assertRaisesRegex(
ValueError,
"Field names cannot start with an underscore"
):
NamedTuple('Emp', [('_name', str)])
with self.assertRaisesRegex(
TypeError,
"missing 1 required positional argument: 'typename'"
):
NamedTuple(typename='Emp', name=str, id=int)
def test_copy_and_pickle(self):
global Emp # pickle wants to reference the class by name
Emp = NamedTuple('Emp', [('name', str), ('cool', int)])
for cls in Emp, CoolEmployee, self.NestedEmployee:
with self.subTest(cls=cls):
jane = cls('jane', 37)
for proto in range(pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
z = pickle.dumps(jane, proto)
jane2 = pickle.loads(z)
self.assertEqual(jane2, jane)
self.assertIsInstance(jane2, cls)
jane2 = copy(jane)
self.assertEqual(jane2, jane)
self.assertIsInstance(jane2, cls)
jane2 = deepcopy(jane)
self.assertEqual(jane2, jane)
self.assertIsInstance(jane2, cls)
def test_orig_bases(self):
T = TypeVar('T')
class SimpleNamedTuple(NamedTuple):
pass
class GenericNamedTuple(NamedTuple, Generic[T]):
pass
self.assertEqual(SimpleNamedTuple.__orig_bases__, (NamedTuple,))
self.assertEqual(GenericNamedTuple.__orig_bases__, (NamedTuple, Generic[T]))
CallNamedTuple = NamedTuple('CallNamedTuple', [])
self.assertEqual(CallNamedTuple.__orig_bases__, (NamedTuple,))
class TypedDictTests(BaseTestCase):
def test_basics_functional_syntax(self):
Emp = TypedDict('Emp', {'name': str, 'id': int})
self.assertIsSubclass(Emp, dict)
self.assertIsSubclass(Emp, typing.MutableMapping)
self.assertNotIsSubclass(Emp, collections.abc.Sequence)
jim = Emp(name='Jim', id=1)
self.assertIs(type(jim), dict)
self.assertEqual(jim['name'], 'Jim')
self.assertEqual(jim['id'], 1)
self.assertEqual(Emp.__name__, 'Emp')
self.assertEqual(Emp.__module__, __name__)
self.assertEqual(Emp.__bases__, (dict,))
self.assertEqual(Emp.__annotations__, {'name': str, 'id': int})
self.assertEqual(Emp.__total__, True)
self.assertEqual(Emp.__required_keys__, {'name', 'id'})
self.assertIsInstance(Emp.__required_keys__, frozenset)
self.assertEqual(Emp.__optional_keys__, set())
self.assertIsInstance(Emp.__optional_keys__, frozenset)
def test_typeddict_create_errors(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
TypedDict.__new__()
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
TypedDict()
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
TypedDict('Emp', [('name', str)], None)
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
TypedDict(_typename='Emp')
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
TypedDict('Emp', name=str, id=int)
def test_typeddict_errors(self):
Emp = TypedDict('Emp', {'name': str, 'id': int})
self.assertEqual(TypedDict.__module__, 'typing')
jim = Emp(name='Jim', id=1)
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
isinstance({}, Emp)
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
isinstance(jim, Emp)
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
issubclass(dict, Emp)
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
TypedDict('Hi', [('x', int)], y=int)
def test_py36_class_syntax_usage(self):
self.assertEqual(LabelPoint2D.__name__, 'LabelPoint2D')
self.assertEqual(LabelPoint2D.__module__, __name__)
self.assertEqual(LabelPoint2D.__annotations__, {'x': int, 'y': int, 'label': str})
self.assertEqual(LabelPoint2D.__bases__, (dict,))
self.assertEqual(LabelPoint2D.__total__, True)
self.assertNotIsSubclass(LabelPoint2D, typing.Sequence)
not_origin = Point2D(x=0, y=1)
self.assertEqual(not_origin['x'], 0)
self.assertEqual(not_origin['y'], 1)
other = LabelPoint2D(x=0, y=1, label='hi')
self.assertEqual(other['label'], 'hi')
def test_pickle(self):
global EmpD # pickle wants to reference the class by name
EmpD = TypedDict('EmpD', {'name': str, 'id': int})
jane = EmpD({'name': 'jane', 'id': 37})
for proto in range(pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
z = pickle.dumps(jane, proto)
jane2 = pickle.loads(z)
self.assertEqual(jane2, jane)
self.assertEqual(jane2, {'name': 'jane', 'id': 37})
ZZ = pickle.dumps(EmpD, proto)
EmpDnew = pickle.loads(ZZ)
self.assertEqual(EmpDnew({'name': 'jane', 'id': 37}), jane)
def test_pickle_generic(self):
point = Point2DGeneric(a=5.0, b=3.0)
for proto in range(pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
z = pickle.dumps(point, proto)
point2 = pickle.loads(z)
self.assertEqual(point2, point)
self.assertEqual(point2, {'a': 5.0, 'b': 3.0})
ZZ = pickle.dumps(Point2DGeneric, proto)
Point2DGenericNew = pickle.loads(ZZ)
self.assertEqual(Point2DGenericNew({'a': 5.0, 'b': 3.0}), point)
def test_optional(self):
EmpD = TypedDict('EmpD', {'name': str, 'id': int})
self.assertEqual(typing.Optional[EmpD], typing.Union[None, EmpD])
self.assertNotEqual(typing.List[EmpD], typing.Tuple[EmpD])
def test_total(self):
D = TypedDict('D', {'x': int}, total=False)
self.assertEqual(D(), {})
self.assertEqual(D(x=1), {'x': 1})
self.assertEqual(D.__total__, False)
self.assertEqual(D.__required_keys__, frozenset())
self.assertIsInstance(D.__required_keys__, frozenset)
self.assertEqual(D.__optional_keys__, {'x'})
self.assertIsInstance(D.__optional_keys__, frozenset)
self.assertEqual(Options(), {})
self.assertEqual(Options(log_level=2), {'log_level': 2})
self.assertEqual(Options.__total__, False)
self.assertEqual(Options.__required_keys__, frozenset())
self.assertEqual(Options.__optional_keys__, {'log_level', 'log_path'})
def test_total_inherits_non_total(self):
class TD1(TypedDict, total=False):
a: int
self.assertIs(TD1.__total__, False)
class TD2(TD1):
b: str
self.assertIs(TD2.__total__, True)
def test_optional_keys(self):
class Point2Dor3D(Point2D, total=False):
z: int
self.assertEqual(Point2Dor3D.__required_keys__, frozenset(['x', 'y']))
self.assertIsInstance(Point2Dor3D.__required_keys__, frozenset)
self.assertEqual(Point2Dor3D.__optional_keys__, frozenset(['z']))
self.assertIsInstance(Point2Dor3D.__optional_keys__, frozenset)
def test_keys_inheritance(self):
class BaseAnimal(TypedDict):
name: str
class Animal(BaseAnimal, total=False):
voice: str
tail: bool
class Cat(Animal):
fur_color: str
self.assertEqual(BaseAnimal.__required_keys__, frozenset(['name']))
self.assertEqual(BaseAnimal.__optional_keys__, frozenset([]))
self.assertEqual(BaseAnimal.__annotations__, {'name': str})
self.assertEqual(Animal.__required_keys__, frozenset(['name']))
self.assertEqual(Animal.__optional_keys__, frozenset(['tail', 'voice']))
self.assertEqual(Animal.__annotations__, {
'name': str,
'tail': bool,
'voice': str,
})
self.assertEqual(Cat.__required_keys__, frozenset(['name', 'fur_color']))
self.assertEqual(Cat.__optional_keys__, frozenset(['tail', 'voice']))
self.assertEqual(Cat.__annotations__, {
'fur_color': str,
'name': str,
'tail': bool,
'voice': str,
})
def test_required_notrequired_keys(self):
self.assertEqual(NontotalMovie.__required_keys__,
frozenset({"title"}))
self.assertEqual(NontotalMovie.__optional_keys__,
frozenset({"year"}))
self.assertEqual(TotalMovie.__required_keys__,
frozenset({"title"}))
self.assertEqual(TotalMovie.__optional_keys__,
frozenset({"year"}))
self.assertEqual(_typed_dict_helper.VeryAnnotated.__required_keys__,
frozenset())
self.assertEqual(_typed_dict_helper.VeryAnnotated.__optional_keys__,
frozenset({"a"}))
self.assertEqual(AnnotatedMovie.__required_keys__,
frozenset({"title"}))
self.assertEqual(AnnotatedMovie.__optional_keys__,
frozenset({"year"}))
self.assertEqual(WeirdlyQuotedMovie.__required_keys__,
frozenset({"title"}))
self.assertEqual(WeirdlyQuotedMovie.__optional_keys__,
frozenset({"year"}))
self.assertEqual(ChildTotalMovie.__required_keys__,
frozenset({"title"}))
self.assertEqual(ChildTotalMovie.__optional_keys__,
frozenset({"year"}))
self.assertEqual(ChildDeeplyAnnotatedMovie.__required_keys__,
frozenset({"title"}))
self.assertEqual(ChildDeeplyAnnotatedMovie.__optional_keys__,
frozenset({"year"}))
def test_multiple_inheritance(self):
class One(TypedDict):
one: int
class Two(TypedDict):
two: str
class Untotal(TypedDict, total=False):
untotal: str
Inline = TypedDict('Inline', {'inline': bool})
class Regular:
pass
class Child(One, Two):
child: bool
self.assertEqual(
Child.__required_keys__,
frozenset(['one', 'two', 'child']),
)
self.assertEqual(
Child.__optional_keys__,
frozenset([]),
)
self.assertEqual(
Child.__annotations__,
{'one': int, 'two': str, 'child': bool},
)
class ChildWithOptional(One, Untotal):
child: bool
self.assertEqual(
ChildWithOptional.__required_keys__,
frozenset(['one', 'child']),
)
self.assertEqual(
ChildWithOptional.__optional_keys__,
frozenset(['untotal']),
)
self.assertEqual(
ChildWithOptional.__annotations__,
{'one': int, 'untotal': str, 'child': bool},
)
class ChildWithTotalFalse(One, Untotal, total=False):
child: bool
self.assertEqual(
ChildWithTotalFalse.__required_keys__,
frozenset(['one']),
)
self.assertEqual(
ChildWithTotalFalse.__optional_keys__,
frozenset(['untotal', 'child']),
)
self.assertEqual(
ChildWithTotalFalse.__annotations__,
{'one': int, 'untotal': str, 'child': bool},
)
class ChildWithInlineAndOptional(Untotal, Inline):
child: bool
self.assertEqual(
ChildWithInlineAndOptional.__required_keys__,
frozenset(['inline', 'child']),
)
self.assertEqual(
ChildWithInlineAndOptional.__optional_keys__,
frozenset(['untotal']),
)
self.assertEqual(
ChildWithInlineAndOptional.__annotations__,
{'inline': bool, 'untotal': str, 'child': bool},
)
wrong_bases = [
(One, Regular),
(Regular, One),
(One, Two, Regular),
(Inline, Regular),
(Untotal, Regular),
]
for bases in wrong_bases:
with self.subTest(bases=bases):
with self.assertRaisesRegex(
TypeError,
'cannot inherit from both a TypedDict type and a non-TypedDict',
):
class Wrong(*bases):
pass
def test_is_typeddict(self):
self.assertIs(is_typeddict(Point2D), True)
self.assertIs(is_typeddict(Union[str, int]), False)
# classes, not instances
self.assertIs(is_typeddict(Point2D()), False)
call_based = TypedDict('call_based', {'a': int})
self.assertIs(is_typeddict(call_based), True)
self.assertIs(is_typeddict(call_based()), False)
T = TypeVar("T")
class BarGeneric(TypedDict, Generic[T]):
a: T
self.assertIs(is_typeddict(BarGeneric), True)
self.assertIs(is_typeddict(BarGeneric[int]), False)
self.assertIs(is_typeddict(BarGeneric()), False)
class NewGeneric[T](TypedDict):
a: T
self.assertIs(is_typeddict(NewGeneric), True)
self.assertIs(is_typeddict(NewGeneric[int]), False)
self.assertIs(is_typeddict(NewGeneric()), False)
# The TypedDict constructor is not itself a TypedDict
self.assertIs(is_typeddict(TypedDict), False)
def test_get_type_hints(self):
self.assertEqual(
get_type_hints(Bar),
{'a': typing.Optional[int], 'b': int}
)
def test_get_type_hints_generic(self):
self.assertEqual(
get_type_hints(BarGeneric),
{'a': typing.Optional[T], 'b': int}
)
class FooBarGeneric(BarGeneric[int]):
c: str
self.assertEqual(
get_type_hints(FooBarGeneric),
{'a': typing.Optional[T], 'b': int, 'c': str}
)
def test_pep695_generic_typeddict(self):
class A[T](TypedDict):
a: T
T, = A.__type_params__
self.assertIsInstance(T, TypeVar)
self.assertEqual(T.__name__, 'T')
self.assertEqual(A.__bases__, (Generic, dict))
self.assertEqual(A.__orig_bases__, (TypedDict, Generic[T]))
self.assertEqual(A.__mro__, (A, Generic, dict, object))
self.assertEqual(A.__parameters__, (T,))
self.assertEqual(A[str].__parameters__, ())
self.assertEqual(A[str].__args__, (str,))
def test_generic_inheritance(self):
class A(TypedDict, Generic[T]):
a: T
self.assertEqual(A.__bases__, (Generic, dict))
self.assertEqual(A.__orig_bases__, (TypedDict, Generic[T]))
self.assertEqual(A.__mro__, (A, Generic, dict, object))
self.assertEqual(A.__parameters__, (T,))
self.assertEqual(A[str].__parameters__, ())
self.assertEqual(A[str].__args__, (str,))
class A2(Generic[T], TypedDict):
a: T
self.assertEqual(A2.__bases__, (Generic, dict))
self.assertEqual(A2.__orig_bases__, (Generic[T], TypedDict))
self.assertEqual(A2.__mro__, (A2, Generic, dict, object))
self.assertEqual(A2.__parameters__, (T,))
self.assertEqual(A2[str].__parameters__, ())
self.assertEqual(A2[str].__args__, (str,))
class B(A[KT], total=False):
b: KT
self.assertEqual(B.__bases__, (Generic, dict))
self.assertEqual(B.__orig_bases__, (A[KT],))
self.assertEqual(B.__mro__, (B, Generic, dict, object))
self.assertEqual(B.__parameters__, (KT,))
self.assertEqual(B.__total__, False)
self.assertEqual(B.__optional_keys__, frozenset(['b']))
self.assertEqual(B.__required_keys__, frozenset(['a']))
self.assertEqual(B[str].__parameters__, ())
self.assertEqual(B[str].__args__, (str,))
self.assertEqual(B[str].__origin__, B)
class C(B[int]):
c: int
self.assertEqual(C.__bases__, (Generic, dict))
self.assertEqual(C.__orig_bases__, (B[int],))
self.assertEqual(C.__mro__, (C, Generic, dict, object))
self.assertEqual(C.__parameters__, ())
self.assertEqual(C.__total__, True)
self.assertEqual(C.__optional_keys__, frozenset(['b']))
self.assertEqual(C.__required_keys__, frozenset(['a', 'c']))
self.assertEqual(C.__annotations__, {
'a': T,
'b': KT,
'c': int,
})
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
C[str]
class Point3D(Point2DGeneric[T], Generic[T, KT]):
c: KT
self.assertEqual(Point3D.__bases__, (Generic, dict))
self.assertEqual(Point3D.__orig_bases__, (Point2DGeneric[T], Generic[T, KT]))
self.assertEqual(Point3D.__mro__, (Point3D, Generic, dict, object))
self.assertEqual(Point3D.__parameters__, (T, KT))
self.assertEqual(Point3D.__total__, True)
self.assertEqual(Point3D.__optional_keys__, frozenset())
self.assertEqual(Point3D.__required_keys__, frozenset(['a', 'b', 'c']))
self.assertEqual(Point3D.__annotations__, {
'a': T,
'b': T,
'c': KT,
})
self.assertEqual(Point3D[int, str].__origin__, Point3D)
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
Point3D[int]
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
class Point3D(Point2DGeneric[T], Generic[KT]):
c: KT
def test_implicit_any_inheritance(self):
class A(TypedDict, Generic[T]):
a: T
class B(A[KT], total=False):
b: KT
class WithImplicitAny(B):
c: int
self.assertEqual(WithImplicitAny.__bases__, (Generic, dict,))
self.assertEqual(WithImplicitAny.__mro__, (WithImplicitAny, Generic, dict, object))
# Consistent with GenericTests.test_implicit_any
self.assertEqual(WithImplicitAny.__parameters__, ())
self.assertEqual(WithImplicitAny.__total__, True)
self.assertEqual(WithImplicitAny.__optional_keys__, frozenset(['b']))
self.assertEqual(WithImplicitAny.__required_keys__, frozenset(['a', 'c']))
self.assertEqual(WithImplicitAny.__annotations__, {
'a': T,
'b': KT,
'c': int,
})
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
WithImplicitAny[str]
def test_non_generic_subscript(self):
# For backward compatibility, subscription works
# on arbitrary TypedDict types.
class TD(TypedDict):
a: T
A = TD[int]
self.assertEqual(A.__origin__, TD)
self.assertEqual(A.__parameters__, ())
self.assertEqual(A.__args__, (int,))
a = A(a = 1)
self.assertIs(type(a), dict)
self.assertEqual(a, {'a': 1})
def test_orig_bases(self):
T = TypeVar('T')
class Parent(TypedDict):
pass
class Child(Parent):
pass
class OtherChild(Parent):
pass
class MixedChild(Child, OtherChild, Parent):
pass
class GenericParent(TypedDict, Generic[T]):
pass
class GenericChild(GenericParent[int]):
pass
class OtherGenericChild(GenericParent[str]):
pass
class MixedGenericChild(GenericChild, OtherGenericChild, GenericParent[float]):
pass
class MultipleGenericBases(GenericParent[int], GenericParent[float]):
pass
CallTypedDict = TypedDict('CallTypedDict', {})
self.assertEqual(Parent.__orig_bases__, (TypedDict,))
self.assertEqual(Child.__orig_bases__, (Parent,))
self.assertEqual(OtherChild.__orig_bases__, (Parent,))
self.assertEqual(MixedChild.__orig_bases__, (Child, OtherChild, Parent,))
self.assertEqual(GenericParent.__orig_bases__, (TypedDict, Generic[T]))
self.assertEqual(GenericChild.__orig_bases__, (GenericParent[int],))
self.assertEqual(OtherGenericChild.__orig_bases__, (GenericParent[str],))
self.assertEqual(MixedGenericChild.__orig_bases__, (GenericChild, OtherGenericChild, GenericParent[float]))
self.assertEqual(MultipleGenericBases.__orig_bases__, (GenericParent[int], GenericParent[float]))
self.assertEqual(CallTypedDict.__orig_bases__, (TypedDict,))
def test_zero_fields_typeddicts(self):
T1 = TypedDict("T1", {})
class T2(TypedDict): pass
class T3[tvar](TypedDict): pass
S = TypeVar("S")
class T4(TypedDict, Generic[S]): pass
expected_warning = re.escape(
"Failing to pass a value for the 'fields' parameter is deprecated "
"and will be disallowed in Python 3.15. "
"To create a TypedDict class with 0 fields "
"using the functional syntax, "
"pass an empty dictionary, e.g. `T5 = TypedDict('T5', {})`."
)
with self.assertWarnsRegex(DeprecationWarning, fr"^{expected_warning}$"):
T5 = TypedDict('T5')
expected_warning = re.escape(
"Passing `None` as the 'fields' parameter is deprecated "
"and will be disallowed in Python 3.15. "
"To create a TypedDict class with 0 fields "
"using the functional syntax, "
"pass an empty dictionary, e.g. `T6 = TypedDict('T6', {})`."
)
with self.assertWarnsRegex(DeprecationWarning, fr"^{expected_warning}$"):
T6 = TypedDict('T6', None)
for klass in T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6:
with self.subTest(klass=klass.__name__):
self.assertEqual(klass.__annotations__, {})
self.assertEqual(klass.__required_keys__, set())
self.assertEqual(klass.__optional_keys__, set())
self.assertIsInstance(klass(), dict)
class RequiredTests(BaseTestCase):
def test_basics(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
Required[NotRequired]
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
Required[int, str]
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
Required[int][str]
def test_repr(self):
self.assertEqual(repr(Required), 'typing.Required')
cv = Required[int]
self.assertEqual(repr(cv), 'typing.Required[int]')
cv = Required[Employee]
self.assertEqual(repr(cv), f'typing.Required[{__name__}.Employee]')
def test_cannot_subclass(self):
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, CANNOT_SUBCLASS_TYPE):
class C(type(Required)):
pass
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, CANNOT_SUBCLASS_TYPE):
class D(type(Required[int])):
pass
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError,
r'Cannot subclass typing\.Required'):
class E(Required):
pass
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError,
r'Cannot subclass typing\.Required\[int\]'):
class F(Required[int]):
pass
def test_cannot_init(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
Required()
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
type(Required)()
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
type(Required[Optional[int]])()
def test_no_isinstance(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
isinstance(1, Required[int])
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
issubclass(int, Required)
class NotRequiredTests(BaseTestCase):
def test_basics(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
NotRequired[Required]
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
NotRequired[int, str]
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
NotRequired[int][str]
def test_repr(self):
self.assertEqual(repr(NotRequired), 'typing.NotRequired')
cv = NotRequired[int]
self.assertEqual(repr(cv), 'typing.NotRequired[int]')
cv = NotRequired[Employee]
self.assertEqual(repr(cv), f'typing.NotRequired[{__name__}.Employee]')
def test_cannot_subclass(self):
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, CANNOT_SUBCLASS_TYPE):
class C(type(NotRequired)):
pass
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, CANNOT_SUBCLASS_TYPE):
class D(type(NotRequired[int])):
pass
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError,
r'Cannot subclass typing\.NotRequired'):
class E(NotRequired):
pass
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError,
r'Cannot subclass typing\.NotRequired\[int\]'):
class F(NotRequired[int]):
pass
def test_cannot_init(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
NotRequired()
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
type(NotRequired)()
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
type(NotRequired[Optional[int]])()
def test_no_isinstance(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
isinstance(1, NotRequired[int])
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
issubclass(int, NotRequired)
class IOTests(BaseTestCase):
def test_io(self):
def stuff(a: IO) -> AnyStr:
return a.readline()
a = stuff.__annotations__['a']
self.assertEqual(a.__parameters__, (AnyStr,))
def test_textio(self):
def stuff(a: TextIO) -> str:
return a.readline()
a = stuff.__annotations__['a']
self.assertEqual(a.__parameters__, ())
def test_binaryio(self):
def stuff(a: BinaryIO) -> bytes:
return a.readline()
a = stuff.__annotations__['a']
self.assertEqual(a.__parameters__, ())
class RETests(BaseTestCase):
# Much of this is really testing _TypeAlias.
def test_basics(self):
pat = re.compile('[a-z]+', re.I)
self.assertIsSubclass(pat.__class__, Pattern)
self.assertIsSubclass(type(pat), Pattern)
self.assertIsInstance(pat, Pattern)
mat = pat.search('12345abcde.....')
self.assertIsSubclass(mat.__class__, Match)
self.assertIsSubclass(type(mat), Match)
self.assertIsInstance(mat, Match)
# these should just work
Pattern[Union[str, bytes]]
Match[Union[bytes, str]]
def test_alias_equality(self):
self.assertEqual(Pattern[str], Pattern[str])
self.assertNotEqual(Pattern[str], Pattern[bytes])
self.assertNotEqual(Pattern[str], Match[str])
self.assertNotEqual(Pattern[str], str)
def test_errors(self):
m = Match[Union[str, bytes]]
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
m[str]
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
# We don't support isinstance().
isinstance(42, Pattern[str])
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
# We don't support issubclass().
issubclass(Pattern[bytes], Pattern[str])
def test_repr(self):
self.assertEqual(repr(Pattern), 'typing.Pattern')
self.assertEqual(repr(Pattern[str]), 'typing.Pattern[str]')
self.assertEqual(repr(Pattern[bytes]), 'typing.Pattern[bytes]')
self.assertEqual(repr(Match), 'typing.Match')
self.assertEqual(repr(Match[str]), 'typing.Match[str]')
self.assertEqual(repr(Match[bytes]), 'typing.Match[bytes]')
def test_cannot_subclass(self):
with self.assertRaisesRegex(
TypeError,
r"type 're\.Match' is not an acceptable base type",
):
class A(typing.Match):
pass
with self.assertRaisesRegex(
TypeError,
r"type 're\.Pattern' is not an acceptable base type",
):
class B(typing.Pattern):
pass
class AnnotatedTests(BaseTestCase):
def test_new(self):
with self.assertRaisesRegex(
TypeError, 'Cannot instantiate typing.Annotated',
):
Annotated()
def test_repr(self):
self.assertEqual(
repr(Annotated[int, 4, 5]),
"typing.Annotated[int, 4, 5]"
)
self.assertEqual(
repr(Annotated[List[int], 4, 5]),
"typing.Annotated[typing.List[int], 4, 5]"
)
def test_dir(self):
dir_items = set(dir(Annotated[int, 4]))
for required_item in [
'__args__', '__parameters__', '__origin__',
'__metadata__',
]:
with self.subTest(required_item=required_item):
self.assertIn(required_item, dir_items)
def test_flatten(self):
A = Annotated[Annotated[int, 4], 5]
self.assertEqual(A, Annotated[int, 4, 5])
self.assertEqual(A.__metadata__, (4, 5))
self.assertEqual(A.__origin__, int)
def test_specialize(self):
L = Annotated[List[T], "my decoration"]
LI = Annotated[List[int], "my decoration"]
self.assertEqual(L[int], Annotated[List[int], "my decoration"])
self.assertEqual(L[int].__metadata__, ("my decoration",))
self.assertEqual(L[int].__origin__, List[int])
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
LI[int]
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
L[int, float]
def test_hash_eq(self):
self.assertEqual(len({Annotated[int, 4, 5], Annotated[int, 4, 5]}), 1)
self.assertNotEqual(Annotated[int, 4, 5], Annotated[int, 5, 4])
self.assertNotEqual(Annotated[int, 4, 5], Annotated[str, 4, 5])
self.assertNotEqual(Annotated[int, 4], Annotated[int, 4, 4])
self.assertEqual(
{Annotated[int, 4, 5], Annotated[int, 4, 5], Annotated[T, 4, 5]},
{Annotated[int, 4, 5], Annotated[T, 4, 5]}
)
def test_instantiate(self):
class C:
classvar = 4
def __init__(self, x):
self.x = x
def __eq__(self, other):
if not isinstance(other, C):
return NotImplemented
return other.x == self.x
A = Annotated[C, "a decoration"]
a = A(5)
c = C(5)
self.assertEqual(a, c)
self.assertEqual(a.x, c.x)
self.assertEqual(a.classvar, c.classvar)
def test_instantiate_generic(self):
MyCount = Annotated[typing.Counter[T], "my decoration"]
self.assertEqual(MyCount([4, 4, 5]), {4: 2, 5: 1})
self.assertEqual(MyCount[int]([4, 4, 5]), {4: 2, 5: 1})
def test_cannot_instantiate_forward(self):
A = Annotated["int", (5, 6)]
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
A(5)
def test_cannot_instantiate_type_var(self):
A = Annotated[T, (5, 6)]
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
A(5)
def test_cannot_getattr_typevar(self):
with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
Annotated[T, (5, 7)].x
def test_attr_passthrough(self):
class C:
classvar = 4
A = Annotated[C, "a decoration"]
self.assertEqual(A.classvar, 4)
A.x = 5
self.assertEqual(C.x, 5)
def test_special_form_containment(self):
class C:
classvar: Annotated[ClassVar[int], "a decoration"] = 4
const: Annotated[Final[int], "Const"] = 4
self.assertEqual(get_type_hints(C, globals())['classvar'], ClassVar[int])
self.assertEqual(get_type_hints(C, globals())['const'], Final[int])
def test_cannot_subclass(self):
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "Cannot subclass .*Annotated"):
class C(Annotated):
pass
def test_cannot_check_instance(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
isinstance(5, Annotated[int, "positive"])
def test_cannot_check_subclass(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
issubclass(int, Annotated[int, "positive"])
def test_too_few_type_args(self):
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, 'at least two arguments'):
Annotated[int]
def test_pickle(self):
samples = [typing.Any, typing.Union[int, str],
typing.Optional[str], Tuple[int, ...],
typing.Callable[[str], bytes]]
for t in samples:
x = Annotated[t, "a"]
for prot in range(pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
with self.subTest(protocol=prot, type=t):
pickled = pickle.dumps(x, prot)
restored = pickle.loads(pickled)
self.assertEqual(x, restored)
global _Annotated_test_G
class _Annotated_test_G(Generic[T]):
x = 1
G = Annotated[_Annotated_test_G[int], "A decoration"]
G.foo = 42
G.bar = 'abc'
for proto in range(pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
z = pickle.dumps(G, proto)
x = pickle.loads(z)
self.assertEqual(x.foo, 42)
self.assertEqual(x.bar, 'abc')
self.assertEqual(x.x, 1)
def test_subst(self):
dec = "a decoration"
dec2 = "another decoration"
S = Annotated[T, dec2]
self.assertEqual(S[int], Annotated[int, dec2])
self.assertEqual(S[Annotated[int, dec]], Annotated[int, dec, dec2])
L = Annotated[List[T], dec]
self.assertEqual(L[int], Annotated[List[int], dec])
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
L[int, int]
self.assertEqual(S[L[int]], Annotated[List[int], dec, dec2])
D = Annotated[typing.Dict[KT, VT], dec]
self.assertEqual(D[str, int], Annotated[typing.Dict[str, int], dec])
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
D[int]
It = Annotated[int, dec]
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
It[None]
LI = L[int]
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
LI[None]
def test_typevar_subst(self):
dec = "a decoration"
Ts = TypeVarTuple('Ts')
T = TypeVar('T')
T1 = TypeVar('T1')
T2 = TypeVar('T2')
A = Annotated[tuple[*Ts], dec]
self.assertEqual(A[int], Annotated[tuple[int], dec])
self.assertEqual(A[str, int], Annotated[tuple[str, int], dec])
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
Annotated[*Ts, dec]
B = Annotated[Tuple[Unpack[Ts]], dec]
self.assertEqual(B[int], Annotated[Tuple[int], dec])
self.assertEqual(B[str, int], Annotated[Tuple[str, int], dec])
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
Annotated[Unpack[Ts], dec]
C = Annotated[tuple[T, *Ts], dec]
self.assertEqual(C[int], Annotated[tuple[int], dec])
self.assertEqual(C[int, str], Annotated[tuple[int, str], dec])
self.assertEqual(
C[int, str, float],
Annotated[tuple[int, str, float], dec]
)
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
C[()]
D = Annotated[Tuple[T, Unpack[Ts]], dec]
self.assertEqual(D[int], Annotated[Tuple[int], dec])
self.assertEqual(D[int, str], Annotated[Tuple[int, str], dec])
self.assertEqual(
D[int, str, float],
Annotated[Tuple[int, str, float], dec]
)
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
D[()]
E = Annotated[tuple[*Ts, T], dec]
self.assertEqual(E[int], Annotated[tuple[int], dec])
self.assertEqual(E[int, str], Annotated[tuple[int, str], dec])
self.assertEqual(
E[int, str, float],
Annotated[tuple[int, str, float], dec]
)
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
E[()]
F = Annotated[Tuple[Unpack[Ts], T], dec]
self.assertEqual(F[int], Annotated[Tuple[int], dec])
self.assertEqual(F[int, str], Annotated[Tuple[int, str], dec])
self.assertEqual(
F[int, str, float],
Annotated[Tuple[int, str, float], dec]
)
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
F[()]
G = Annotated[tuple[T1, *Ts, T2], dec]
self.assertEqual(G[int, str], Annotated[tuple[int, str], dec])
self.assertEqual(
G[int, str, float],
Annotated[tuple[int, str, float], dec]
)
self.assertEqual(
G[int, str, bool, float],
Annotated[tuple[int, str, bool, float], dec]
)
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
G[int]
H = Annotated[Tuple[T1, Unpack[Ts], T2], dec]
self.assertEqual(H[int, str], Annotated[Tuple[int, str], dec])
self.assertEqual(
H[int, str, float],
Annotated[Tuple[int, str, float], dec]
)
self.assertEqual(
H[int, str, bool, float],
Annotated[Tuple[int, str, bool, float], dec]
)
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
H[int]
# Now let's try creating an alias from an alias.
Ts2 = TypeVarTuple('Ts2')
T3 = TypeVar('T3')
T4 = TypeVar('T4')
# G is Annotated[tuple[T1, *Ts, T2], dec].
I = G[T3, *Ts2, T4]
J = G[T3, Unpack[Ts2], T4]
for x, y in [
(I, Annotated[tuple[T3, *Ts2, T4], dec]),
(J, Annotated[tuple[T3, Unpack[Ts2], T4], dec]),
(I[int, str], Annotated[tuple[int, str], dec]),
(J[int, str], Annotated[tuple[int, str], dec]),
(I[int, str, float], Annotated[tuple[int, str, float], dec]),
(J[int, str, float], Annotated[tuple[int, str, float], dec]),
(I[int, str, bool, float],
Annotated[tuple[int, str, bool, float], dec]),
(J[int, str, bool, float],
Annotated[tuple[int, str, bool, float], dec]),
]:
self.assertEqual(x, y)
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
I[int]
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
J[int]
def test_annotated_in_other_types(self):
X = List[Annotated[T, 5]]
self.assertEqual(X[int], List[Annotated[int, 5]])
def test_annotated_mro(self):
class X(Annotated[int, (1, 10)]): ...
self.assertEqual(X.__mro__, (X, int, object),
"Annotated should be transparent.")
class TypeAliasTests(BaseTestCase):
def test_canonical_usage_with_variable_annotation(self):
Alias: TypeAlias = Employee
def test_canonical_usage_with_type_comment(self):
Alias = Employee # type: TypeAlias
def test_cannot_instantiate(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
TypeAlias()
def test_no_isinstance(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
isinstance(42, TypeAlias)
def test_stringized_usage(self):
class A:
a: "TypeAlias"
self.assertEqual(get_type_hints(A), {'a': TypeAlias})
def test_no_issubclass(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
issubclass(Employee, TypeAlias)
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
issubclass(TypeAlias, Employee)
def test_cannot_subclass(self):
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError,
r'Cannot subclass typing\.TypeAlias'):
class C(TypeAlias):
pass
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
class D(type(TypeAlias)):
pass
def test_repr(self):
self.assertEqual(repr(TypeAlias), 'typing.TypeAlias')
def test_cannot_subscript(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
TypeAlias[int]
class ParamSpecTests(BaseTestCase):
def test_basic_plain(self):
P = ParamSpec('P')
self.assertEqual(P, P)
self.assertIsInstance(P, ParamSpec)
self.assertEqual(P.__name__, 'P')
self.assertEqual(P.__module__, __name__)
def test_basic_with_exec(self):
ns = {}
exec('from typing import ParamSpec; P = ParamSpec("P")', ns, ns)
P = ns['P']
self.assertIsInstance(P, ParamSpec)
self.assertEqual(P.__name__, 'P')
self.assertIs(P.__module__, None)
def test_valid_uses(self):
P = ParamSpec('P')
T = TypeVar('T')
C1 = Callable[P, int]
self.assertEqual(C1.__args__, (P, int))
self.assertEqual(C1.__parameters__, (P,))
C2 = Callable[P, T]
self.assertEqual(C2.__args__, (P, T))
self.assertEqual(C2.__parameters__, (P, T))
# Test collections.abc.Callable too.
C3 = collections.abc.Callable[P, int]
self.assertEqual(C3.__args__, (P, int))
self.assertEqual(C3.__parameters__, (P,))
C4 = collections.abc.Callable[P, T]
self.assertEqual(C4.__args__, (P, T))
self.assertEqual(C4.__parameters__, (P, T))
def test_args_kwargs(self):
P = ParamSpec('P')
P_2 = ParamSpec('P_2')
self.assertIn('args', dir(P))
self.assertIn('kwargs', dir(P))
self.assertIsInstance(P.args, ParamSpecArgs)
self.assertIsInstance(P.kwargs, ParamSpecKwargs)
self.assertIs(P.args.__origin__, P)
self.assertIs(P.kwargs.__origin__, P)
self.assertEqual(P.args, P.args)
self.assertEqual(P.kwargs, P.kwargs)
self.assertNotEqual(P.args, P_2.args)
self.assertNotEqual(P.kwargs, P_2.kwargs)
self.assertNotEqual(P.args, P.kwargs)
self.assertNotEqual(P.kwargs, P.args)
self.assertNotEqual(P.args, P_2.kwargs)
self.assertEqual(repr(P.args), "P.args")
self.assertEqual(repr(P.kwargs), "P.kwargs")
def test_stringized(self):
P = ParamSpec('P')
class C(Generic[P]):
func: Callable["P", int]
def foo(self, *args: "P.args", **kwargs: "P.kwargs"):
pass
self.assertEqual(gth(C, globals(), locals()), {"func": Callable[P, int]})
self.assertEqual(
gth(C.foo, globals(), locals()), {"args": P.args, "kwargs": P.kwargs}
)
def test_user_generics(self):
T = TypeVar("T")
P = ParamSpec("P")
P_2 = ParamSpec("P_2")
class X(Generic[T, P]):
f: Callable[P, int]
x: T
G1 = X[int, P_2]
self.assertEqual(G1.__args__, (int, P_2))
self.assertEqual(G1.__parameters__, (P_2,))
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "few arguments for"):
X[int]
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "many arguments for"):
X[int, P_2, str]
G2 = X[int, Concatenate[int, P_2]]
self.assertEqual(G2.__args__, (int, Concatenate[int, P_2]))
self.assertEqual(G2.__parameters__, (P_2,))
G3 = X[int, [int, bool]]
self.assertEqual(G3.__args__, (int, (int, bool)))
self.assertEqual(G3.__parameters__, ())
G4 = X[int, ...]
self.assertEqual(G4.__args__, (int, Ellipsis))
self.assertEqual(G4.__parameters__, ())
class Z(Generic[P]):
f: Callable[P, int]
G5 = Z[[int, str, bool]]
self.assertEqual(G5.__args__, ((int, str, bool),))
self.assertEqual(G5.__parameters__, ())
G6 = Z[int, str, bool]
self.assertEqual(G6.__args__, ((int, str, bool),))
self.assertEqual(G6.__parameters__, ())
# G5 and G6 should be equivalent according to the PEP
self.assertEqual(G5.__args__, G6.__args__)
self.assertEqual(G5.__origin__, G6.__origin__)
self.assertEqual(G5.__parameters__, G6.__parameters__)
self.assertEqual(G5, G6)
G7 = Z[int]
self.assertEqual(G7.__args__, ((int,),))
self.assertEqual(G7.__parameters__, ())
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "many arguments for"):
Z[[int, str], bool]
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "many arguments for"):
Z[P_2, bool]
def test_multiple_paramspecs_in_user_generics(self):
P = ParamSpec("P")
P2 = ParamSpec("P2")
class X(Generic[P, P2]):
f: Callable[P, int]
g: Callable[P2, str]
G1 = X[[int, str], [bytes]]
G2 = X[[int], [str, bytes]]
self.assertNotEqual(G1, G2)
self.assertEqual(G1.__args__, ((int, str), (bytes,)))
self.assertEqual(G2.__args__, ((int,), (str, bytes)))
def test_typevartuple_and_paramspecs_in_user_generics(self):
Ts = TypeVarTuple("Ts")
P = ParamSpec("P")
class X(Generic[*Ts, P]):
f: Callable[P, int]
g: Tuple[*Ts]
G1 = X[int, [bytes]]
self.assertEqual(G1.__args__, (int, (bytes,)))
G2 = X[int, str, [bytes]]
self.assertEqual(G2.__args__, (int, str, (bytes,)))
G3 = X[[bytes]]
self.assertEqual(G3.__args__, ((bytes,),))
G4 = X[[]]
self.assertEqual(G4.__args__, ((),))
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
X[()]
class Y(Generic[P, *Ts]):
f: Callable[P, int]
g: Tuple[*Ts]
G1 = Y[[bytes], int]
self.assertEqual(G1.__args__, ((bytes,), int))
G2 = Y[[bytes], int, str]
self.assertEqual(G2.__args__, ((bytes,), int, str))
G3 = Y[[bytes]]
self.assertEqual(G3.__args__, ((bytes,),))
G4 = Y[[]]
self.assertEqual(G4.__args__, ((),))
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
Y[()]
def test_typevartuple_and_paramspecs_in_generic_aliases(self):
P = ParamSpec('P')
T = TypeVar('T')
Ts = TypeVarTuple('Ts')
for C in Callable, collections.abc.Callable:
with self.subTest(generic=C):
A = C[P, Tuple[*Ts]]
B = A[[int, str], bytes, float]
self.assertEqual(B.__args__, (int, str, Tuple[bytes, float]))
class X(Generic[T, P]):
pass
A = X[Tuple[*Ts], P]
B = A[bytes, float, [int, str]]
self.assertEqual(B.__args__, (Tuple[bytes, float], (int, str,)))
class Y(Generic[P, T]):
pass
A = Y[P, Tuple[*Ts]]
B = A[[int, str], bytes, float]
self.assertEqual(B.__args__, ((int, str,), Tuple[bytes, float]))
def test_var_substitution(self):
P = ParamSpec("P")
subst = P.__typing_subst__
self.assertEqual(subst((int, str)), (int, str))
self.assertEqual(subst([int, str]), (int, str))
self.assertEqual(subst([None]), (type(None),))
self.assertIs(subst(...), ...)
self.assertIs(subst(P), P)
self.assertEqual(subst(Concatenate[int, P]), Concatenate[int, P])
def test_bad_var_substitution(self):
T = TypeVar('T')
P = ParamSpec('P')
bad_args = (42, int, None, T, int|str, Union[int, str])
for arg in bad_args:
with self.subTest(arg=arg):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
P.__typing_subst__(arg)
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
typing.Callable[P, T][arg, str]
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
collections.abc.Callable[P, T][arg, str]
def test_type_var_subst_for_other_type_vars(self):
T = TypeVar('T')
T2 = TypeVar('T2')
P = ParamSpec('P')
P2 = ParamSpec('P2')
Ts = TypeVarTuple('Ts')
class Base(Generic[P]):
pass
A1 = Base[T]
self.assertEqual(A1.__parameters__, (T,))
self.assertEqual(A1.__args__, ((T,),))
self.assertEqual(A1[int], Base[int])
A2 = Base[[T]]
self.assertEqual(A2.__parameters__, (T,))
self.assertEqual(A2.__args__, ((T,),))
self.assertEqual(A2[int], Base[int])
A3 = Base[[int, T]]
self.assertEqual(A3.__parameters__, (T,))
self.assertEqual(A3.__args__, ((int, T),))
self.assertEqual(A3[str], Base[[int, str]])
A4 = Base[[T, int, T2]]
self.assertEqual(A4.__parameters__, (T, T2))
self.assertEqual(A4.__args__, ((T, int, T2),))
self.assertEqual(A4[str, bool], Base[[str, int, bool]])
A5 = Base[[*Ts, int]]
self.assertEqual(A5.__parameters__, (Ts,))
self.assertEqual(A5.__args__, ((*Ts, int),))
self.assertEqual(A5[str, bool], Base[[str, bool, int]])
A5_2 = Base[[int, *Ts]]
self.assertEqual(A5_2.__parameters__, (Ts,))
self.assertEqual(A5_2.__args__, ((int, *Ts),))
self.assertEqual(A5_2[str, bool], Base[[int, str, bool]])
A6 = Base[[T, *Ts]]
self.assertEqual(A6.__parameters__, (T, Ts))
self.assertEqual(A6.__args__, ((T, *Ts),))
self.assertEqual(A6[int, str, bool], Base[[int, str, bool]])
A7 = Base[[T, T]]
self.assertEqual(A7.__parameters__, (T,))
self.assertEqual(A7.__args__, ((T, T),))
self.assertEqual(A7[int], Base[[int, int]])
A8 = Base[[T, list[T]]]
self.assertEqual(A8.__parameters__, (T,))
self.assertEqual(A8.__args__, ((T, list[T]),))
self.assertEqual(A8[int], Base[[int, list[int]]])
A9 = Base[[Tuple[*Ts], *Ts]]
self.assertEqual(A9.__parameters__, (Ts,))
self.assertEqual(A9.__args__, ((Tuple[*Ts], *Ts),))
self.assertEqual(A9[int, str], Base[Tuple[int, str], int, str])
A10 = Base[P2]
self.assertEqual(A10.__parameters__, (P2,))
self.assertEqual(A10.__args__, (P2,))
self.assertEqual(A10[[int, str]], Base[[int, str]])
class DoubleP(Generic[P, P2]):
pass
B1 = DoubleP[P, P2]
self.assertEqual(B1.__parameters__, (P, P2))
self.assertEqual(B1.__args__, (P, P2))
self.assertEqual(B1[[int, str], [bool]], DoubleP[[int, str], [bool]])
self.assertEqual(B1[[], []], DoubleP[[], []])
B2 = DoubleP[[int, str], P2]
self.assertEqual(B2.__parameters__, (P2,))
self.assertEqual(B2.__args__, ((int, str), P2))
self.assertEqual(B2[[bool, bool]], DoubleP[[int, str], [bool, bool]])
self.assertEqual(B2[[]], DoubleP[[int, str], []])
B3 = DoubleP[P, [bool, bool]]
self.assertEqual(B3.__parameters__, (P,))
self.assertEqual(B3.__args__, (P, (bool, bool)))
self.assertEqual(B3[[int, str]], DoubleP[[int, str], [bool, bool]])
self.assertEqual(B3[[]], DoubleP[[], [bool, bool]])
B4 = DoubleP[[T, int], [bool, T2]]
self.assertEqual(B4.__parameters__, (T, T2))
self.assertEqual(B4.__args__, ((T, int), (bool, T2)))
self.assertEqual(B4[str, float], DoubleP[[str, int], [bool, float]])
B5 = DoubleP[[*Ts, int], [bool, T2]]
self.assertEqual(B5.__parameters__, (Ts, T2))
self.assertEqual(B5.__args__, ((*Ts, int), (bool, T2)))
self.assertEqual(B5[str, bytes, float],
DoubleP[[str, bytes, int], [bool, float]])
B6 = DoubleP[[T, int], [bool, *Ts]]
self.assertEqual(B6.__parameters__, (T, Ts))
self.assertEqual(B6.__args__, ((T, int), (bool, *Ts)))
self.assertEqual(B6[str, bytes, float],
DoubleP[[str, int], [bool, bytes, float]])
class PandT(Generic[P, T]):
pass
C1 = PandT[P, T]
self.assertEqual(C1.__parameters__, (P, T))
self.assertEqual(C1.__args__, (P, T))
self.assertEqual(C1[[int, str], bool], PandT[[int, str], bool])
C2 = PandT[[int, T], T]
self.assertEqual(C2.__parameters__, (T,))
self.assertEqual(C2.__args__, ((int, T), T))
self.assertEqual(C2[str], PandT[[int, str], str])
C3 = PandT[[int, *Ts], T]
self.assertEqual(C3.__parameters__, (Ts, T))
self.assertEqual(C3.__args__, ((int, *Ts), T))
self.assertEqual(C3[str, bool, bytes], PandT[[int, str, bool], bytes])
def test_paramspec_in_nested_generics(self):
# Although ParamSpec should not be found in __parameters__ of most
# generics, they probably should be found when nested in
# a valid location.
T = TypeVar("T")
P = ParamSpec("P")
C1 = Callable[P, T]
G1 = List[C1]
G2 = list[C1]
G3 = list[C1] | int
self.assertEqual(G1.__parameters__, (P, T))
self.assertEqual(G2.__parameters__, (P, T))
self.assertEqual(G3.__parameters__, (P, T))
C = Callable[[int, str], float]
self.assertEqual(G1[[int, str], float], List[C])
self.assertEqual(G2[[int, str], float], list[C])
self.assertEqual(G3[[int, str], float], list[C] | int)
def test_paramspec_gets_copied(self):
# bpo-46581
P = ParamSpec('P')
P2 = ParamSpec('P2')
C1 = Callable[P, int]
self.assertEqual(C1.__parameters__, (P,))
self.assertEqual(C1[P2].__parameters__, (P2,))
self.assertEqual(C1[str].__parameters__, ())
self.assertEqual(C1[str, T].__parameters__, (T,))
self.assertEqual(C1[Concatenate[str, P2]].__parameters__, (P2,))
self.assertEqual(C1[Concatenate[T, P2]].__parameters__, (T, P2))
self.assertEqual(C1[...].__parameters__, ())
C2 = Callable[Concatenate[str, P], int]
self.assertEqual(C2.__parameters__, (P,))
self.assertEqual(C2[P2].__parameters__, (P2,))
self.assertEqual(C2[str].__parameters__, ())
self.assertEqual(C2[str, T].__parameters__, (T,))
self.assertEqual(C2[Concatenate[str, P2]].__parameters__, (P2,))
self.assertEqual(C2[Concatenate[T, P2]].__parameters__, (T, P2))
def test_cannot_subclass(self):
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, NOT_A_BASE_TYPE % 'ParamSpec'):
class C(ParamSpec): pass
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, NOT_A_BASE_TYPE % 'ParamSpecArgs'):
class D(ParamSpecArgs): pass
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, NOT_A_BASE_TYPE % 'ParamSpecKwargs'):
class E(ParamSpecKwargs): pass
P = ParamSpec('P')
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError,
CANNOT_SUBCLASS_INSTANCE % 'ParamSpec'):
class F(P): pass
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError,
CANNOT_SUBCLASS_INSTANCE % 'ParamSpecArgs'):
class G(P.args): pass
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError,
CANNOT_SUBCLASS_INSTANCE % 'ParamSpecKwargs'):
class H(P.kwargs): pass
class ConcatenateTests(BaseTestCase):
def test_basics(self):
P = ParamSpec('P')
class MyClass: ...
c = Concatenate[MyClass, P]
self.assertNotEqual(c, Concatenate)
def test_dir(self):
P = ParamSpec('P')
dir_items = set(dir(Concatenate[int, P]))
for required_item in [
'__args__', '__parameters__', '__origin__',
]:
with self.subTest(required_item=required_item):
self.assertIn(required_item, dir_items)
def test_valid_uses(self):
P = ParamSpec('P')
T = TypeVar('T')
C1 = Callable[Concatenate[int, P], int]
self.assertEqual(C1.__args__, (Concatenate[int, P], int))
self.assertEqual(C1.__parameters__, (P,))
C2 = Callable[Concatenate[int, T, P], T]
self.assertEqual(C2.__args__, (Concatenate[int, T, P], T))
self.assertEqual(C2.__parameters__, (T, P))
# Test collections.abc.Callable too.
C3 = collections.abc.Callable[Concatenate[int, P], int]
self.assertEqual(C3.__args__, (Concatenate[int, P], int))
self.assertEqual(C3.__parameters__, (P,))
C4 = collections.abc.Callable[Concatenate[int, T, P], T]
self.assertEqual(C4.__args__, (Concatenate[int, T, P], T))
self.assertEqual(C4.__parameters__, (T, P))
def test_var_substitution(self):
T = TypeVar('T')
P = ParamSpec('P')
P2 = ParamSpec('P2')
C = Concatenate[T, P]
self.assertEqual(C[int, P2], Concatenate[int, P2])
self.assertEqual(C[int, [str, float]], (int, str, float))
self.assertEqual(C[int, []], (int,))
self.assertEqual(C[int, Concatenate[str, P2]],
Concatenate[int, str, P2])
self.assertEqual(C[int, ...], Concatenate[int, ...])
C = Concatenate[int, P]
self.assertEqual(C[P2], Concatenate[int, P2])
self.assertEqual(C[[str, float]], (int, str, float))
self.assertEqual(C[str, float], (int, str, float))
self.assertEqual(C[[]], (int,))
self.assertEqual(C[Concatenate[str, P2]], Concatenate[int, str, P2])
self.assertEqual(C[...], Concatenate[int, ...])
class TypeGuardTests(BaseTestCase):
def test_basics(self):
TypeGuard[int] # OK
def foo(arg) -> TypeGuard[int]: ...
self.assertEqual(gth(foo), {'return': TypeGuard[int]})
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
TypeGuard[int, str]
def test_repr(self):
self.assertEqual(repr(TypeGuard), 'typing.TypeGuard')
cv = TypeGuard[int]
self.assertEqual(repr(cv), 'typing.TypeGuard[int]')
cv = TypeGuard[Employee]
self.assertEqual(repr(cv), 'typing.TypeGuard[%s.Employee]' % __name__)
cv = TypeGuard[tuple[int]]
self.assertEqual(repr(cv), 'typing.TypeGuard[tuple[int]]')
def test_cannot_subclass(self):
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, CANNOT_SUBCLASS_TYPE):
class C(type(TypeGuard)):
pass
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, CANNOT_SUBCLASS_TYPE):
class D(type(TypeGuard[int])):
pass
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError,
r'Cannot subclass typing\.TypeGuard'):
class E(TypeGuard):
pass
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError,
r'Cannot subclass typing\.TypeGuard\[int\]'):
class F(TypeGuard[int]):
pass
def test_cannot_init(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
TypeGuard()
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
type(TypeGuard)()
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
type(TypeGuard[Optional[int]])()
def test_no_isinstance(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
isinstance(1, TypeGuard[int])
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
issubclass(int, TypeGuard)
SpecialAttrsP = typing.ParamSpec('SpecialAttrsP')
SpecialAttrsT = typing.TypeVar('SpecialAttrsT', int, float, complex)
class SpecialAttrsTests(BaseTestCase):
def test_special_attrs(self):
cls_to_check = {
# ABC classes
typing.AbstractSet: 'AbstractSet',
typing.AsyncContextManager: 'AsyncContextManager',
typing.AsyncGenerator: 'AsyncGenerator',
typing.AsyncIterable: 'AsyncIterable',
typing.AsyncIterator: 'AsyncIterator',
typing.Awaitable: 'Awaitable',
typing.ByteString: 'ByteString',
typing.Callable: 'Callable',
typing.ChainMap: 'ChainMap',
typing.Collection: 'Collection',
typing.Container: 'Container',
typing.ContextManager: 'ContextManager',
typing.Coroutine: 'Coroutine',
typing.Counter: 'Counter',
typing.DefaultDict: 'DefaultDict',
typing.Deque: 'Deque',
typing.Dict: 'Dict',
typing.FrozenSet: 'FrozenSet',
typing.Generator: 'Generator',
typing.Hashable: 'Hashable',
typing.ItemsView: 'ItemsView',
typing.Iterable: 'Iterable',
typing.Iterator: 'Iterator',
typing.KeysView: 'KeysView',
typing.List: 'List',
typing.Mapping: 'Mapping',
typing.MappingView: 'MappingView',
typing.MutableMapping: 'MutableMapping',
typing.MutableSequence: 'MutableSequence',
typing.MutableSet: 'MutableSet',
typing.OrderedDict: 'OrderedDict',
typing.Reversible: 'Reversible',
typing.Sequence: 'Sequence',
typing.Set: 'Set',
typing.Sized: 'Sized',
typing.Tuple: 'Tuple',
typing.Type: 'Type',
typing.ValuesView: 'ValuesView',
# Subscribed ABC classes
typing.AbstractSet[Any]: 'AbstractSet',
typing.AsyncContextManager[Any]: 'AsyncContextManager',
typing.AsyncGenerator[Any, Any]: 'AsyncGenerator',
typing.AsyncIterable[Any]: 'AsyncIterable',
typing.AsyncIterator[Any]: 'AsyncIterator',
typing.Awaitable[Any]: 'Awaitable',
typing.Callable[[], Any]: 'Callable',
typing.Callable[..., Any]: 'Callable',
typing.ChainMap[Any, Any]: 'ChainMap',
typing.Collection[Any]: 'Collection',
typing.Container[Any]: 'Container',
typing.ContextManager[Any]: 'ContextManager',
typing.Coroutine[Any, Any, Any]: 'Coroutine',
typing.Counter[Any]: 'Counter',
typing.DefaultDict[Any, Any]: 'DefaultDict',
typing.Deque[Any]: 'Deque',
typing.Dict[Any, Any]: 'Dict',
typing.FrozenSet[Any]: 'FrozenSet',
typing.Generator[Any, Any, Any]: 'Generator',
typing.ItemsView[Any, Any]: 'ItemsView',
typing.Iterable[Any]: 'Iterable',
typing.Iterator[Any]: 'Iterator',
typing.KeysView[Any]: 'KeysView',
typing.List[Any]: 'List',
typing.Mapping[Any, Any]: 'Mapping',
typing.MappingView[Any]: 'MappingView',
typing.MutableMapping[Any, Any]: 'MutableMapping',
typing.MutableSequence[Any]: 'MutableSequence',
typing.MutableSet[Any]: 'MutableSet',
typing.OrderedDict[Any, Any]: 'OrderedDict',
typing.Reversible[Any]: 'Reversible',
typing.Sequence[Any]: 'Sequence',
typing.Set[Any]: 'Set',
typing.Tuple[Any]: 'Tuple',
typing.Tuple[Any, ...]: 'Tuple',
typing.Type[Any]: 'Type',
typing.ValuesView[Any]: 'ValuesView',
# Special Forms
typing.Annotated: 'Annotated',
typing.Any: 'Any',
typing.ClassVar: 'ClassVar',
typing.Concatenate: 'Concatenate',
typing.Final: 'Final',
typing.ForwardRef: 'ForwardRef',
typing.Literal: 'Literal',
typing.NewType: 'NewType',
typing.NoReturn: 'NoReturn',
typing.Never: 'Never',
typing.Optional: 'Optional',
typing.TypeAlias: 'TypeAlias',
typing.TypeGuard: 'TypeGuard',
typing.TypeVar: 'TypeVar',
typing.Union: 'Union',
typing.Self: 'Self',
# Subscribed special forms
typing.Annotated[Any, "Annotation"]: 'Annotated',
typing.Annotated[int, 'Annotation']: 'Annotated',
typing.ClassVar[Any]: 'ClassVar',
typing.Concatenate[Any, SpecialAttrsP]: 'Concatenate',
typing.Final[Any]: 'Final',
typing.Literal[Any]: 'Literal',
typing.Literal[1, 2]: 'Literal',
typing.Literal[True, 2]: 'Literal',
typing.Optional[Any]: 'Optional',
typing.TypeGuard[Any]: 'TypeGuard',
typing.Union[Any]: 'Any',
typing.Union[int, float]: 'Union',
# Incompatible special forms (tested in test_special_attrs2)
# - typing.ForwardRef('set[Any]')
# - typing.NewType('TypeName', Any)
# - typing.ParamSpec('SpecialAttrsP')
# - typing.TypeVar('T')
}
for cls, name in cls_to_check.items():
with self.subTest(cls=cls):
self.assertEqual(cls.__name__, name, str(cls))
self.assertEqual(cls.__qualname__, name, str(cls))
self.assertEqual(cls.__module__, 'typing', str(cls))
for proto in range(pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
s = pickle.dumps(cls, proto)
loaded = pickle.loads(s)
self.assertIs(cls, loaded)
TypeName = typing.NewType('SpecialAttrsTests.TypeName', Any)
def test_special_attrs2(self):
# Forward refs provide a different introspection API. __name__ and
# __qualname__ make little sense for forward refs as they can store
# complex typing expressions.
fr = typing.ForwardRef('set[Any]')
self.assertFalse(hasattr(fr, '__name__'))
self.assertFalse(hasattr(fr, '__qualname__'))
self.assertEqual(fr.__module__, 'typing')
# Forward refs are currently unpicklable.
for proto in range(pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
pickle.dumps(fr, proto)
self.assertEqual(SpecialAttrsTests.TypeName.__name__, 'TypeName')
self.assertEqual(
SpecialAttrsTests.TypeName.__qualname__,
'SpecialAttrsTests.TypeName',
)
self.assertEqual(
SpecialAttrsTests.TypeName.__module__,
__name__,
)
# NewTypes are picklable assuming correct qualname information.
for proto in range(pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
s = pickle.dumps(SpecialAttrsTests.TypeName, proto)
loaded = pickle.loads(s)
self.assertIs(SpecialAttrsTests.TypeName, loaded)
# Type variables don't support non-global instantiation per PEP 484
# restriction that "The argument to TypeVar() must be a string equal
# to the variable name to which it is assigned". Thus, providing
# __qualname__ is unnecessary.
self.assertEqual(SpecialAttrsT.__name__, 'SpecialAttrsT')
self.assertFalse(hasattr(SpecialAttrsT, '__qualname__'))
self.assertEqual(SpecialAttrsT.__module__, __name__)
# Module-level type variables are picklable.
for proto in range(pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
s = pickle.dumps(SpecialAttrsT, proto)
loaded = pickle.loads(s)
self.assertIs(SpecialAttrsT, loaded)
self.assertEqual(SpecialAttrsP.__name__, 'SpecialAttrsP')
self.assertFalse(hasattr(SpecialAttrsP, '__qualname__'))
self.assertEqual(SpecialAttrsP.__module__, __name__)
# Module-level ParamSpecs are picklable.
for proto in range(pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
s = pickle.dumps(SpecialAttrsP, proto)
loaded = pickle.loads(s)
self.assertIs(SpecialAttrsP, loaded)
def test_genericalias_dir(self):
class Foo(Generic[T]):
def bar(self):
pass
baz = 3
__magic__ = 4
# The class attributes of the original class should be visible even
# in dir() of the GenericAlias. See bpo-45755.
dir_items = set(dir(Foo[int]))
for required_item in [
'bar', 'baz',
'__args__', '__parameters__', '__origin__',
]:
with self.subTest(required_item=required_item):
self.assertIn(required_item, dir_items)
self.assertNotIn('__magic__', dir_items)
class RevealTypeTests(BaseTestCase):
def test_reveal_type(self):
obj = object()
with captured_stderr() as stderr:
self.assertIs(obj, reveal_type(obj))
self.assertEqual(stderr.getvalue(), "Runtime type is 'object'\n")
class DataclassTransformTests(BaseTestCase):
def test_decorator(self):
def create_model(*, frozen: bool = False, kw_only: bool = True):
return lambda cls: cls
decorated = dataclass_transform(kw_only_default=True, order_default=False)(create_model)
class CustomerModel:
id: int
self.assertIs(decorated, create_model)
self.assertEqual(
decorated.__dataclass_transform__,
{
"eq_default": True,
"order_default": False,
"kw_only_default": True,
"frozen_default": False,
"field_specifiers": (),
"kwargs": {},
}
)
self.assertIs(
decorated(frozen=True, kw_only=False)(CustomerModel),
CustomerModel
)
def test_base_class(self):
class ModelBase:
def __init_subclass__(cls, *, frozen: bool = False): ...
Decorated = dataclass_transform(
eq_default=True,
order_default=True,
# Arbitrary unrecognized kwargs are accepted at runtime.
make_everything_awesome=True,
)(ModelBase)
class CustomerModel(Decorated, frozen=True):
id: int
self.assertIs(Decorated, ModelBase)
self.assertEqual(
Decorated.__dataclass_transform__,
{
"eq_default": True,
"order_default": True,
"kw_only_default": False,
"frozen_default": False,
"field_specifiers": (),
"kwargs": {"make_everything_awesome": True},
}
)
self.assertIsSubclass(CustomerModel, Decorated)
def test_metaclass(self):
class Field: ...
class ModelMeta(type):
def __new__(
cls, name, bases, namespace, *, init: bool = True,
):
return super().__new__(cls, name, bases, namespace)
Decorated = dataclass_transform(
order_default=True, frozen_default=True, field_specifiers=(Field,)
)(ModelMeta)
class ModelBase(metaclass=Decorated): ...
class CustomerModel(ModelBase, init=False):
id: int
self.assertIs(Decorated, ModelMeta)
self.assertEqual(
Decorated.__dataclass_transform__,
{
"eq_default": True,
"order_default": True,
"kw_only_default": False,
"frozen_default": True,
"field_specifiers": (Field,),
"kwargs": {},
}
)
self.assertIsInstance(CustomerModel, Decorated)
class AllTests(BaseTestCase):
"""Tests for __all__."""
def test_all(self):
from typing import __all__ as a
# Just spot-check the first and last of every category.
self.assertIn('AbstractSet', a)
self.assertIn('ValuesView', a)
self.assertIn('cast', a)
self.assertIn('overload', a)
# Context managers.
self.assertIn('ContextManager', a)
self.assertIn('AsyncContextManager', a)
# Check that former namespaces io and re are not exported.
self.assertNotIn('io', a)
self.assertNotIn('re', a)
# Spot-check that stdlib modules aren't exported.
self.assertNotIn('os', a)
self.assertNotIn('sys', a)
# Check that Text is defined.
self.assertIn('Text', a)
# Check previously missing classes.
self.assertIn('SupportsBytes', a)
self.assertIn('SupportsComplex', a)
def test_all_exported_names(self):
# ensure all dynamically created objects are actualised
for name in typing.__all__:
getattr(typing, name)
actual_all = set(typing.__all__)
computed_all = {
k for k, v in vars(typing).items()
# explicitly exported, not a thing with __module__
if k in actual_all or (
# avoid private names
not k.startswith('_') and
# there's a few types and metaclasses that aren't exported
not k.endswith(('Meta', '_contra', '_co')) and
not k.upper() == k and
# but export all things that have __module__ == 'typing'
getattr(v, '__module__', None) == typing.__name__
)
}
self.assertSetEqual(computed_all, actual_all)
class TypeIterationTests(BaseTestCase):
_UNITERABLE_TYPES = (
Any,
Union,
Union[str, int],
Union[str, T],
List,
Tuple,
Callable,
Callable[..., T],
Callable[[T], str],
Annotated,
Annotated[T, ''],
)
def test_cannot_iterate(self):
expected_error_regex = "object is not iterable"
for test_type in self._UNITERABLE_TYPES:
with self.subTest(type=test_type):
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, expected_error_regex):
iter(test_type)
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, expected_error_regex):
list(test_type)
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, expected_error_regex):
for _ in test_type:
pass
def test_is_not_instance_of_iterable(self):
for type_to_test in self._UNITERABLE_TYPES:
self.assertNotIsInstance(type_to_test, collections.abc.Iterable)
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
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