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Python News
+++++++++++
(editors: check NEWS.help for information about editing NEWS using ReST.)
What's new in Python 3.0b1?
===========================
*Release date: 18-Jun-2008*
Core and Builtins
-----------------
- Issue #3100: Corrected a crash on deallocation of a subclassed weakref which
holds the last (strong) reference to its referent.
- Issue #2630: implement PEP 3138. repr() now returns printable
Unicode characters unescaped, to get an ASCII-only representation
of an object use ascii().
- Issue #1342: On windows, Python could not start when installed in a
directory with non-ascii characters.
- Implement PEP 3121: new module initialization and finalization API.
- Removed the already-defunct ``-t`` option.
- Issue #2957: Corrected a ValueError "recursion limit exceeded", when
unmarshalling many code objects, which happens when importing a
large .pyc file (~1000 functions).
- Issue #2963: fix merging oversight that disabled method cache for
all types.
- Issue #2964: fix a missing INCREF in instancemethod_descr_get.
- Issue #2895: Don't crash when given bytes objects as keyword names.
- Issue #2798: When parsing arguments with PyArg_ParseTuple, the "s"
code now allows any unicode string and returns a utf-8 encoded
buffer, just like the "s#" code already does. The "z" code was
corrected as well.
- Issue #2863: generators now have a ``gen.__name__`` attribute that
equals ``gen.gi_code.co_name``, like ``func.__name___`` that equals
``func.func_code.co_name``. The repr() of a generator now also
contains this name.
- Issue #2831: enumerate() now has a ``start`` argument.
- Issue #2801: fix bug in the float.is_integer method where a
ValueError was sometimes incorrectly raised.
- The ``--with-toolbox-glue`` option (and the associated
pymactoolbox.h) have been removed.
- Issue #2196: hasattr() now lets exceptions which do not inherit
Exception (KeyboardInterrupt, and SystemExit) propagate instead of
ignoring them.
- #3021 Exception reraising sematics have been significantly improved. However,
f_exc_type, f_exc_value, and f_exc_traceback cannot be accessed from Python
code anymore.
- Three of PyNumberMethods' members, nb_coerce, nb_hex, and nb_oct, have been
removed.
Extension Modules
-----------------
- Renamed ``_winreg`` module to ``winreg``.
- Support os.O_ASYNC and fcntl.FASYNC if the constants exist on the
platform.
- Support for Windows 9x has been removed from the winsound module.
- Issue #2870: cmathmodule.c compile error.
Library
-------
- Patch #3133: http.server.CGIHTTPRequestHandler did not work on windows.
- a new ``urllib`` package was created. It consists of code from
``urllib``, ``urllib2``, ``urlparse``, and ``robotparser``. The old
modules have all been removed. The new package has five submodules:
``urllib.parse``, ``urllib.request``, ``urllib.response``,
``urllib.error``, and ``urllib.robotparser``. The
``urllib.request.urlopen()`` function uses the url opener from
``urllib2``. (Note that the unittests have not been renamed for the
beta, but they will be renamed in the future.)
- rfc822 has been removed in favor of the email package.
- mimetools has been removed in favor of the email package.
- Patch #2849: Remove use of rfc822 module from standard library.
- Added C optimized implementation of io.StringIO.
- The ``pickle`` module is now automatically use an optimized C
implementation of Pickler and Unpickler when available. The
``cPickle`` module is no longer needed.
- Removed the ``htmllib`` and ``sgmllib`` modules.
- The deprecated ``SmartCookie`` and ``SimpleCookie`` classes have
been removed from ``http.cookies``.
- The ``commands`` module has been removed. Its getoutput() and
getstatusoutput() functions have been moved to the ``subprocess`` module.
- The ``http`` package was created; it contains the old ``httplib``
as ``http.client``, ``Cookie`` as ``http.cookies``, ``cookielib``
as ``http.cookiejar``, and the content of the three ``HTTPServer``
modules as ``http.server``.
- The ``xmlrpc`` package was created; it contains the old
``xmlrpclib`` module as ``xmlrpc.client`` and the content of
the old ``SimpleXMLRPCServer`` and ``DocXMLRPCServer`` modules
as ``xmlrpc.server``.
- The ``dbm`` package was created, containing the old modules
``anydbm`` and ``whichdb`` in its ``__init__.py``, and having
``dbm.gnu`` (was ``gdbm``), ``dbm.bsd`` (was ``dbhash``),
``dbm.ndbm`` (was ``dbm``) and ``dbm.dumb`` (was ``dumbdbm``)
as submodules.
- The ``repr`` module has been renamed to ``reprlib``.
- The ``statvfs`` module has been removed.
- Issue #1713041: fix pprint's handling of maximum depth.
- Issue #2250: Exceptions raised during evaluation of names in
rlcompleter's ``Completer.complete()`` method are now caught and
ignored.
- Patch #2659: Added ``break_on_hyphens`` option to textwrap's
``TextWrapper`` class.
- Issue #2487: change the semantics of math.ldexp(x, n) when n is too
large to fit in a C long. ldexp(x, n) now returns a zero (with
suitable sign) if n is large and negative; previously, it raised
OverflowError.
- The ``ConfigParser`` module has been renamed to ``configparser``.
- Issue #2865: webbrowser.open() works again in a KDE environment.
- The ``multifile`` module has been removed.
- The ``SocketServer`` module has been renamed to ``socketserver``.
- Fixed the ``__all__`` setting on ``collections`` to include
``UserList`` and ``UserString``.
- The sre module has been removed.
- The Queue module has been renamed to queue.
- The copy_reg module has been renamed to copyreg.
- The mhlib module has been removed.
- The ihooks module has been removed.
- The fpformat module has been removed.
- The dircache module has been removed.
- The Canvas module has been removed.
- The Decimal module gained the magic methods __round__, __ceil__,
__floor__ and __trunc__, to give support for round, math.ceil,
math.floor and math.trunc.
- The user module has been removed.
- The mutex module has been removed.
- The imputil module has been removed.
- os.path.walk has been removed in favor of os.walk.
- pdb gained the "until" command.
- The test.test_support module has been renamed to test.support.
- The threading module API was renamed to be PEP 8 complaint.
Tools/Demos
-----------
- The bgen tool has been removed.
Build
-----
What's New in Python 3.0a5?
===========================
*Release date: 08-May-2008*
Core and Builtins
-----------------
- Fixed misbehaviour of PyLong_FromSsize_t on systems where
sizeof(size_t) > sizeof(long).
- Issue #2221: Corrected a SystemError "error return without exception
set", when the code executed by exec() raises an exception, and
sys.stdout.flush() also raises an error.
- Bug #2565: The repr() of type objects now calls them 'class', not
'type' - whether they are builtin types or not.
- The command line processing was converted to pass Unicode strings
through as unmodified as possible; as a consequence, the C API
related to command line arguments was changed to use wchar_t.
- All backslashes in raw strings are interpreted literally. This
means that '\u' and '\U' escapes are not treated specially.
Extension Modules
-----------------
Library
-------
- ctypes objects now support the PEP3118 buffer interface.
- Issue #2682: ctypes callback functions now longer contain a cyclic
reference to themselves.
- Issue #2058: Remove the buf attribute and add __slots__ to the
TarInfo class in order to reduce tarfile's memory usage.
- Bug #2606: Avoid calling .sort() on a dict_keys object.
- The bundled libffi copy is now in sync with the recently released
libffi3.0.5 version, apart from some small changes to
Modules/_ctypes/libffi/configure.ac.
Build
-----
- Issue #1496032: On alpha, use -mieee when gcc is the compiler.
- "make install" is now an alias for "make altinstall", to prevent
accidentally overwriting a Python 2.x installation. Use "make
fullinstall" to force Python 3.0 to be installed as "python".
- Issue #2544: On HP-UX systems, use 'gcc -shared' for linking when
gcc is used as compiler.
What's New in Python 3.0a4?
===========================
*Release date: 02-Apr-2008*
Core and Builtins
-----------------
- Bug #2301: Don't try decoding the source code into the original
encoding for syntax errors.
Extension Modules
-----------------
- The dl module was removed, use the ctypes module instead.
- Use wchar_t functions in _locale module.
Library
-------
- The class distutils.commands.build_py.build_py_2to3 can be used as a
build_py replacement to automatically run 2to3 on modules that are
going to be installed.
- A new pickle protocol (protocol 3) is added with explicit support
for bytes. This is the default protocol. It intentionally cannot
be unpickled by Python 2.x.
- When a pickle written by Python 2.x contains an (8-bit) str
instance, this is now decoded to a (Unicode) str instance. The
encoding used to do this defaults to ASCII, but can be overridden
via two new keyword arguments to the Unpickler class. Previously
this would create bytes instances, which is usually wrong: str
instances are often used to pickle attribute names etc., and text is
more common than binary data anyway.
- Default to ASCII as the locale.getpreferredencoding, if the POSIX
system doesn't support CODESET and LANG isn't set or doesn't allow
deduction of an encoding.
- Issue #1202: zlib.crc32 and zlib.adler32 now return an unsigned
value.
- Issue #719888: Updated tokenize to use a bytes API. generate_tokens
has been renamed tokenize and now works with bytes rather than
strings. A new detect_encoding function has been added for
determining source file encoding according to PEP-0263. Token
sequences returned by tokenize always start with an ENCODING token
which specifies the encoding used to decode the file. This token is
used to encode the output of untokenize back to bytes.
What's New in Python 3.0a3?
===========================
*Release date: 29-Feb-2008*
Core and Builtins
-----------------
- Issue #2282: io.TextIOWrapper was not overriding seekable() from
io.IOBase.
- Issue #2115: Important speedup in setting __slot__ attributes. Also
prevent a possible crash: an Abstract Base Class would try to access
a slot on a registered virtual subclass.
- Fixed repr() and str() of complex numbers with infinity or nan as
real or imaginary part.
- Clear all free list during a gc.collect() of the highest generation
in order to allow pymalloc to free more arenas. Python may give back
memory to the OS earlier.
- Issue #2045: Fix an infinite recursion triggered when printing a
subclass of collections.defaultdict, if its default_factory is set
to a bound method.
- Fixed a minor memory leak in dictobject.c. The content of the free
list was not freed on interpreter shutdown.
- Limit free list of method and builtin function objects to 256
entries each.
- Patch #1953: Added ``sys._compact_freelists()`` and the C API
functions ``PyInt_CompactFreeList`` and ``PyFloat_CompactFreeList``
to compact the internal free lists of pre-allocted ints and floats.
- Bug #1983: Fixed return type of fork(), fork1() and forkpty() calls.
Python expected the return type int but the fork familie returns
pi_t.
- Issue #1678380: Fix a bug that identifies 0j and -0j when they
appear in the same code unit.
- Issue #2025: Added tuple.count() and tuple.index() methods to comply
with the collections.Sequence API.
- Fixed multiple reinitialization of the Python interpreter. The small
int list in longobject.c has caused a seg fault during the third
finalization.
- Issue #1973: bytes.fromhex('') raised SystemError.
- Issue #1771: remove cmp parameter from sorted() and list.sort().
- Issue #1969: split and rsplit in bytearray are inconsistent.
- map() no longer accepts None for the first argument. Use zip()
instead.
- Issue #1769: Now int("- 1") is not allowed any more.
- Object/longobject.c: long(float('nan')) raises an OverflowError
instead of returning 0.
- Issue #1762972: __file__ points to the source file instead of the
pyc/pyo file if the py file exists.
- Issue #1393: object_richcompare() returns NotImplemented instead of
False if the objects aren't equal, to give the other side a chance.
- Issue #1692: Interpreter was not displaying location of SyntaxError.
- Improve some exception messages when Windows fails to load an
extension module. Now we get for example '%1 is not a valid Win32
application' instead of 'error code 193'. Also use Unicode strings
to deal with non-English locales.
- Issue #1587: Added instancemethod wrapper for PyCFunctions. The
Python C API has gained a new type *PyInstanceMethod_Type* and the
functions *PyInstanceMethod_Check(o)*, *PyInstanceMethod_New(func)*
and *PyInstanceMethod_Function(im)*.
- Constants gc.DEBUG_OBJECT and gc.DEBUG_INSTANCE have been removed
from the gc module; gc.DEBUG_COLLECTABLE or gc.DEBUG_UNCOLLECTABLE
are now enough to print the corresponding list of objects considered
by the garbage collector.
- Issue #1573: Improper use of the keyword-only syntax makes the
parser crash.
- Issue #1564: The set implementation should special-case PyUnicode
instead of PyString.
- Patch #1031213: Decode source line in SyntaxErrors back to its
original source encoding.
- inspect.getsource() includes the decorators again.
- Bug #1713: posixpath.ismount() claims symlink to a mountpoint is a
mountpoint.
- Fix utf-8-sig incremental decoder, which didn't recognise a BOM when
the first chunk fed to the decoder started with a BOM, but was
longer than 3 bytes.
Extension Modules
-----------------
- Code for itertools ifilter(), imap(), and izip() moved to bultins
and renamed to filter(), map(), and zip(). Also, renamed
izip_longest() to zip_longest() and ifilterfalse() to filterfalse().
- Issue #1762972: Readded the reload() function as imp.reload().
- Bug #2111: mmap segfaults when trying to write a block opened with
PROT_READ.
- Issue #2063: correct order of utime and stime in os.times() result
on Windows.
Library
-------
- Weakref dictionaries now inherit from MutableMapping.
- Created new UserDict class in collections module. This one inherits
from and complies with the MutableMapping ABC. Also, moved
UserString and UserList to the collections module. The
MutableUserString class was removed.
- Removed UserDict.DictMixin. Replaced all its uses with
collections.MutableMapping.
- Issue #1703: getpass() should flush after writing prompt.
- Issue #1585: IDLE uses non-existent xrange() function.
- Issue #1578: Problems in win_getpass.
Build
-----
- Renamed --enable-unicode configure flag to --with-wide-unicode,
since Unicode strings can't be disabled anymore.
C API
-----
- Issue #1629: Renamed Py_Size, Py_Type and Py_Refcnt to Py_SIZE,
Py_TYPE and Py_REFCNT.
- New API PyImport_ImportModuleNoBlock(), works like
PyImport_ImportModule() but won't block on the import lock
(returning an error instead).
What's New in Python 3.0a2?
===========================
*Release date: 07-Dec-2007*
(Note: this list is incomplete.)
Core and Builtins
-----------------
- str8 now has the same construction signature as bytes.
- Comparisons between str and str8 now return False/True for ==/!=.
sqlite3 returns str8 when recreating on object from it's __conform__
value. The struct module returns str8 for all string-related
formats. This was true before this change, but becomes more
apparent thanks to string comparisons always being False.
- Replaced `PyFile_FromFile()` with `PyFile_FromFd(fd, name. mode,
buffer, encoding, newline)`.
- Fixed `imp.find_module()` to obey the -*- coding: -*- header.
- Changed `__file__` and `co_filename` to unicode. The path names are decoded
with `Py_FileSystemDefaultEncoding` and a new API method
`PyUnicode_DecodeFSDefault(char*)` was added.
- io.open() and _fileio.FileIO have grown a new argument closefd. A
false value disables the closing of the file descriptor.
- Added a new option -b to issues warnings (-bb for errors) about
certain operations between bytes/buffer and str like str(b'') and
comparison.
- The standards streams sys.stdin, stdout and stderr may be None when
the when the C runtime library returns an invalid file descriptor
for the streams (fileno(stdin) < 0). For now this happens only for
Windows GUI apps and scripts started with `pythonw.exe`.
- Added PCbuild9 directory for VS 2008.
- Renamed structmember.h WRITE_RESTRICTED to PY_WRITE_RESTRICTED to
work around a name clash with VS 2008 on Windows.
- Unbound methods are gone for good. ClassObject.method returns an
ordinary function object, instance.method still returns a bound
method object. The API of bound methods is cleaned up, too. The
im_class attribute is removed and im_func + im_self are renamed to
__func__ and __self__. The factory PyMethod_New takes only func and
instance as argument.
- intobject.h is no longer included by Python.h. The remains were
moved to longobject.h. It still exists to define several aliases
from PyInt_ to PyLong_ functions.
- Removed sys.maxint, use sys.maxsize instead.
Extension Modules
-----------------
- The `hotshot` profiler has been removed; use `cProfile` instead.
Library
-------
- When loading an external file using testfile(), the passed-in
encoding argument was being ignored if __loader__ is defined and
forcing the source to be UTF-8.
- The methods `os.tmpnam()`, `os.tempnam()` and `os.tmpfile()` have
been removed in favor of the tempfile module.
- Removed the 'new' module.
- Removed all types from the 'types' module that are easily accessable
through builtins.
What's New in Python 3.0a1?
==========================
*Release date: 31-Aug-2007*
Core and Builtins
-----------------
- PEP 3131: Support non-ASCII identifiers.
- PEP 3120: Change default encoding to UTF-8.
- PEP 3123: Use proper C inheritance for PyObject.
- Removed the __oct__ and __hex__ special methods and added a bin()
builtin function.
- PEP 3127: octal literals now start with "0o". Old-style octal
literals are invalid. There are binary literals with a prefix of
"0b". This also affects int(x, 0).
- None, True, False are now keywords.
- PEP 3119: isinstance() and issubclass() can be overridden.
- Remove BaseException.message.
- Remove tuple parameter unpacking (PEP 3113).
- Remove the f_restricted attribute from frames. This naturally leads
to the removal of PyEval_GetRestricted() and PyFrame_IsRestricted().
- PEP 3132 was accepted. That means that you can do ``a, *b =
range(5)`` to assign 0 to a and [1, 2, 3, 4] to b.
- range() now returns an iterator rather than a list. Floats are not
allowed. xrange() is no longer defined.
- Patch #1660500: hide iteration variable in list comps, add set comps
and use common code to handle compilation of iterative expressions.
- By default, != returns the opposite of ==, unless the latter returns
NotImplemented.
- Patch #1680961: sys.exitfunc has been removed and replaced with a
private C-level API.
- PEP 3115: new metaclasses: the metaclass is now specified as a
keyword arg in the class statement, which can now use the full
syntax of a parameter list. Also, the metaclass can implement a
__prepare__ function which will be called to create the dictionary
for the new class namespace.
- The long-deprecated argument "pend" of PyFloat_FromString() has been
removed.
- The dir() function has been extended to call the __dir__() method on
its argument, if it exists. If not, it will work like before. This
allows customizing the output of dir() in the presence of a
__getattr__().
- Removed support for __members__ and __methods__.
- Removed indexing/slicing on BaseException.
- input() became raw_input(): the name input() now implements the
functionality formerly known as raw_input(); the name raw_input() is
no longer defined.
- Classes listed in an 'except' clause must inherit from
BaseException.
- PEP 3106: dict.iterkeys(), .iteritems(), .itervalues() are now gone;
and .keys(), .items(), .values() return dict views, which behave
like sets.
- PEP 3105: print is now a function. Also (not in the PEP) the
'softspace' attribute of files is now gone (since print() doesn't
use it). A side effect of this change is that you can get
incomplete output lines in interactive sessions:
>>> print(42, end="")
42>>>
We may be able to fix this after the I/O library rewrite.
- PEP 3102: keyword-only arguments.
- Int/Long unification is complete. The 'long' built-in type and
literals with trailing 'L' or 'l' have been removed. Performance
may be sub-optimal (haven't really benchmarked).
- 'except E, V' must now be spelled as 'except E as V' and deletes V
at the end of the except clause; V must be a simple name.
- Added function annotations per PEP 3107.
- Added nonlocal declaration from PEP 3104:
>>> def f(x):
... def inc():
... nonlocal x
... x += 1
... return x
... return inc
...
>>> inc = f(0)
>>> inc()
1
>>> inc()
2
- Moved intern() to sys.intern().
- exec is now a function.
- Renamed nb_nonzero to nb_bool and __nonzero__ to __bool__.
- Classic classes are a thing of the past. All classes are new style.
- Exceptions *must* derive from BaseException.
- Integer division always returns a float. The -Q option is no more.
All the following are gone:
* PyNumber_Divide and PyNumber_InPlaceDivide
* __div__, __rdiv__, and __idiv__
* nb_divide, nb_inplace_divide
* operator.div, operator.idiv, operator.__div__, operator.__idiv__
(Only __truediv__ and __floordiv__ remain, not sure how to handle them
if we want to re-use __div__ and friends. If we do, it will make
it harder to write code for both 2.x and 3.x.)
- 'as' and 'with' are keywords.
- Absolute import is the default behavior for 'import foo' etc.
- Removed support for syntax: backticks (ie, `x`), <>.
- Removed these Python builtins: apply(), callable(), coerce(),
execfile(), file(), reduce(), reload().
- Removed these Python methods: {}.has_key.
- Removed these opcodes: BINARY_DIVIDE, INPLACE_DIVIDE, UNARY_CONVERT.
- Remove C API support for restricted execution.
- zip(), map() and filter() now return iterators, behaving like their
itertools counterparts. This also affect map()'s behavior on
sequences of unequal length -- it now stops after the shortest one
is exhausted.
- Additions: set literals, set comprehensions, ellipsis literal.
- Added class decorators per PEP 3129.
Extension Modules
-----------------
- Removed the imageop module. Obsolete long with its unit tests
becoming useless from the removal of rgbimg and imgfile.
- Removed these attributes from the operator module: div, idiv,
__div__, __idiv__, isCallable, sequenceIncludes.
- Removed these attributes from the sys module: exc_clear(), exc_type,
exc_value, exc_traceback.
Library
-------
- Removed the compiler package. Use of the _ast module and (an
eventual) AST -> bytecode mechanism.
- Removed these modules: audiodev, Bastion, bsddb185, exceptions,
linuxaudiodev, md5, MimeWriter, mimify, popen2, rexec, sets, sha,
stringold, strop, sunaudiodev, timing, xmllib.
- Moved the toaiff module to Tools/Demos.
- Removed obsolete IRIX modules: al/AL, cd/CD, cddb, cdplayer, cl/CL,
DEVICE, ERRNO, FILE, fl/FL, flp, fm, GET, gl/GL, GLWS, IN, imgfile,
IOCTL, jpeg, panel, panelparser, readcd, sgi, sv/SV, torgb, WAIT.
- Removed obsolete functions: commands.getstatus(), os.popen*().
- Removed functions in the string module that are also string methods;
Remove string.{letters, lowercase, uppercase}.
- Removed support for long obsolete platforms: plat-aix3, plat-irix5.
- Removed xmlrpclib.SlowParser. It was based on xmllib.
- Patch #1680961: atexit has been reimplemented in C.
- Add new codecs for UTF-32, UTF-32-LE and UTF-32-BE.
Build
-----
C API
-----
- Removed these Python slots: __coerce__, __div__, __idiv__, __rdiv__.
- Removed these C APIs: PyNumber_Coerce(), PyNumber_CoerceEx(),
PyMember_Get, PyMember_Set.
- Removed these C slots/fields: nb_divide, nb_inplace_divide.
- Removed these macros: staticforward, statichere, PyArg_GetInt,
PyArg_NoArgs, _PyObject_Del.
- Removed these typedefs: intargfunc, intintargfunc, intobjargproc,
intintobjargproc, getreadbufferproc, getwritebufferproc,
getsegcountproc, getcharbufferproc, memberlist.
Tests
-----
- Removed test.testall as test.regrtest replaces it.
Documentation
-------------
Mac
---
- The cfmfile module was removed.
Platforms
---------
- Support for BeOS and AtheOS was removed (according to PEP 11).
- Support for RiscOS, Irix, Tru64 was removed (alledgedly).
Tools/Demos
-----------
**(For information about older versions, consult the HISTORY file.)**
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