cpython/Modules/_testmultiphase.c

899 lines
23 KiB
C

/* Testing module for multi-phase initialization of extension modules (PEP 489)
*/
#ifndef Py_BUILD_CORE_BUILTIN
# define Py_BUILD_CORE_MODULE 1
#endif
#include "Python.h"
#include "pycore_namespace.h" // _PyNamespace_New()
/* State for testing module state access from methods */
typedef struct {
int counter;
} meth_state;
/*[clinic input]
module _testmultiphase
class _testmultiphase.StateAccessType "StateAccessTypeObject *" "!StateAccessType"
[clinic start generated code]*/
/*[clinic end generated code: output=da39a3ee5e6b4b0d input=bab9f2fe3bd312ff]*/
/* Example objects */
typedef struct {
PyObject_HEAD
PyObject *x_attr; /* Attributes dictionary */
} ExampleObject;
typedef struct {
PyObject *integer;
} testmultiphase_state;
typedef struct {
PyObject_HEAD
} StateAccessTypeObject;
/* Example methods */
static int
Example_traverse(ExampleObject *self, visitproc visit, void *arg)
{
Py_VISIT(self->x_attr);
return 0;
}
static void
Example_finalize(ExampleObject *self)
{
Py_CLEAR(self->x_attr);
}
static PyObject *
Example_demo(ExampleObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
PyObject *o = NULL;
if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "|O:demo", &o))
return NULL;
if (o != NULL && PyUnicode_Check(o)) {
return Py_NewRef(o);
}
Py_RETURN_NONE;
}
#include "clinic/_testmultiphase.c.h"
static PyMethodDef Example_methods[] = {
{"demo", (PyCFunction)Example_demo, METH_VARARGS,
PyDoc_STR("demo() -> None")},
{NULL, NULL} /* sentinel */
};
static PyObject *
Example_getattro(ExampleObject *self, PyObject *name)
{
if (self->x_attr != NULL) {
PyObject *v = PyDict_GetItemWithError(self->x_attr, name);
if (v != NULL) {
return Py_NewRef(v);
}
else if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
return NULL;
}
}
return PyObject_GenericGetAttr((PyObject *)self, name);
}
static int
Example_setattr(ExampleObject *self, const char *name, PyObject *v)
{
if (self->x_attr == NULL) {
self->x_attr = PyDict_New();
if (self->x_attr == NULL)
return -1;
}
if (v == NULL) {
int rv = PyDict_DelItemString(self->x_attr, name);
if (rv < 0 && PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_KeyError))
PyErr_SetString(PyExc_AttributeError,
"delete non-existing Example attribute");
return rv;
}
else
return PyDict_SetItemString(self->x_attr, name, v);
}
static PyType_Slot Example_Type_slots[] = {
{Py_tp_doc, "The Example type"},
{Py_tp_finalize, Example_finalize},
{Py_tp_traverse, Example_traverse},
{Py_tp_getattro, Example_getattro},
{Py_tp_setattr, Example_setattr},
{Py_tp_methods, Example_methods},
{0, 0},
};
static PyType_Spec Example_Type_spec = {
"_testimportexec.Example",
sizeof(ExampleObject),
0,
Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC,
Example_Type_slots
};
static PyModuleDef def_meth_state_access;
static PyModuleDef def_nonmodule;
static PyModuleDef def_nonmodule_with_methods;
/*[clinic input]
_testmultiphase.StateAccessType.get_defining_module
cls: defining_class
Return the module of the defining class.
Also tests that result of PyType_GetModuleByDef matches defining_class's
module.
[clinic start generated code]*/
static PyObject *
_testmultiphase_StateAccessType_get_defining_module_impl(StateAccessTypeObject *self,
PyTypeObject *cls)
/*[clinic end generated code: output=ba2a14284a5d0921 input=d2c7245c8a9d06f8]*/
{
PyObject *retval;
retval = PyType_GetModule(cls);
if (retval == NULL) {
return NULL;
}
assert(PyType_GetModuleByDef(Py_TYPE(self), &def_meth_state_access) == retval);
return Py_NewRef(retval);
}
/*[clinic input]
_testmultiphase.StateAccessType.getmodulebydef_bad_def
cls: defining_class
Test that result of PyType_GetModuleByDef with a bad def is NULL.
[clinic start generated code]*/
static PyObject *
_testmultiphase_StateAccessType_getmodulebydef_bad_def_impl(StateAccessTypeObject *self,
PyTypeObject *cls)
/*[clinic end generated code: output=64509074dfcdbd31 input=edaff09aa4788204]*/
{
PyType_GetModuleByDef(Py_TYPE(self), &def_nonmodule); // should raise
assert(PyErr_Occurred());
return NULL;
}
/*[clinic input]
_testmultiphase.StateAccessType.increment_count_clinic
cls: defining_class
/
n: int = 1
*
twice: bool = False
Add 'n' from the module-state counter.
Pass 'twice' to double that amount.
This tests Argument Clinic support for defining_class.
[clinic start generated code]*/
static PyObject *
_testmultiphase_StateAccessType_increment_count_clinic_impl(StateAccessTypeObject *self,
PyTypeObject *cls,
int n, int twice)
/*[clinic end generated code: output=3b34f86bc5473204 input=551d482e1fe0b8f5]*/
{
meth_state *m_state = PyType_GetModuleState(cls);
if (twice) {
n *= 2;
}
m_state->counter += n;
Py_RETURN_NONE;
}
PyDoc_STRVAR(_StateAccessType_decrement_count__doc__,
"decrement_count($self, /, n=1, *, twice=None)\n"
"--\n"
"\n"
"Add 'n' from the module-state counter.\n"
"Pass 'twice' to double that amount.\n"
"(This is to test both positional and keyword arguments.");
// Intentionally does not use Argument Clinic
static PyObject *
_StateAccessType_increment_count_noclinic(StateAccessTypeObject *self,
PyTypeObject *defining_class,
PyObject *const *args,
Py_ssize_t nargs,
PyObject *kwnames)
{
if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("StateAccessTypeObject.decrement_count", nargs, 0, 1)) {
return NULL;
}
long n = 1;
if (nargs) {
n = PyLong_AsLong(args[0]);
if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
return NULL;
}
}
if (kwnames && PyTuple_Check(kwnames)) {
if (PyTuple_GET_SIZE(kwnames) > 1 ||
PyUnicode_CompareWithASCIIString(
PyTuple_GET_ITEM(kwnames, 0),
"twice"
)) {
PyErr_SetString(
PyExc_TypeError,
"decrement_count only takes 'twice' keyword argument"
);
return NULL;
}
n *= 2;
}
meth_state *m_state = PyType_GetModuleState(defining_class);
m_state->counter += n;
Py_RETURN_NONE;
}
/*[clinic input]
_testmultiphase.StateAccessType.get_count
cls: defining_class
Return the value of the module-state counter.
[clinic start generated code]*/
static PyObject *
_testmultiphase_StateAccessType_get_count_impl(StateAccessTypeObject *self,
PyTypeObject *cls)
/*[clinic end generated code: output=64600f95b499a319 input=d5d181f12384849f]*/
{
meth_state *m_state = PyType_GetModuleState(cls);
return PyLong_FromLong(m_state->counter);
}
static PyMethodDef StateAccessType_methods[] = {
_TESTMULTIPHASE_STATEACCESSTYPE_GET_DEFINING_MODULE_METHODDEF
_TESTMULTIPHASE_STATEACCESSTYPE_GETMODULEBYDEF_BAD_DEF_METHODDEF
_TESTMULTIPHASE_STATEACCESSTYPE_GET_COUNT_METHODDEF
_TESTMULTIPHASE_STATEACCESSTYPE_INCREMENT_COUNT_CLINIC_METHODDEF
{
"increment_count_noclinic",
_PyCFunction_CAST(_StateAccessType_increment_count_noclinic),
METH_METHOD|METH_FASTCALL|METH_KEYWORDS,
_StateAccessType_decrement_count__doc__
},
{NULL, NULL} /* sentinel */
};
static PyType_Slot StateAccessType_Type_slots[] = {
{Py_tp_doc, "Type for testing per-module state access from methods."},
{Py_tp_methods, StateAccessType_methods},
{0, NULL}
};
static PyType_Spec StateAccessType_spec = {
"_testimportexec.StateAccessType",
sizeof(StateAccessTypeObject),
0,
Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_FINALIZE | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE,
StateAccessType_Type_slots
};
/* Function of two integers returning integer */
PyDoc_STRVAR(testexport_foo_doc,
"foo(i,j)\n\
\n\
Return the sum of i and j.");
static PyObject *
testexport_foo(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
long i, j;
long res;
if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "ll:foo", &i, &j))
return NULL;
res = i + j;
return PyLong_FromLong(res);
}
/* Test that PyState registration fails */
PyDoc_STRVAR(call_state_registration_func_doc,
"register_state(0): call PyState_FindModule()\n\
register_state(1): call PyState_AddModule()\n\
register_state(2): call PyState_RemoveModule()");
static PyObject *
call_state_registration_func(PyObject *mod, PyObject *args)
{
int i, ret;
PyModuleDef *def = PyModule_GetDef(mod);
if (def == NULL) {
return NULL;
}
if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "i:call_state_registration_func", &i))
return NULL;
switch (i) {
case 0:
mod = PyState_FindModule(def);
if (mod == NULL) {
Py_RETURN_NONE;
}
return mod;
case 1:
ret = PyState_AddModule(mod, def);
if (ret != 0) {
return NULL;
}
break;
case 2:
ret = PyState_RemoveModule(def);
if (ret != 0) {
return NULL;
}
break;
}
Py_RETURN_NONE;
}
static PyType_Slot Str_Type_slots[] = {
{Py_tp_base, NULL}, /* filled out in module exec function */
{0, 0},
};
static PyType_Spec Str_Type_spec = {
"_testimportexec.Str",
0,
0,
Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE,
Str_Type_slots
};
static PyMethodDef testexport_methods[] = {
{"foo", testexport_foo, METH_VARARGS,
testexport_foo_doc},
{"call_state_registration_func", call_state_registration_func,
METH_VARARGS, call_state_registration_func_doc},
{NULL, NULL} /* sentinel */
};
static int execfunc(PyObject *m)
{
PyObject *temp = NULL;
/* Due to cross platform compiler issues the slots must be filled
* here. It's required for portability to Windows without requiring
* C++. */
Str_Type_slots[0].pfunc = &PyUnicode_Type;
/* Add a custom type */
temp = PyType_FromSpec(&Example_Type_spec);
if (temp == NULL) {
goto fail;
}
if (PyModule_AddObject(m, "Example", temp) != 0) {
Py_DECREF(temp);
goto fail;
}
/* Add an exception type */
temp = PyErr_NewException("_testimportexec.error", NULL, NULL);
if (temp == NULL) {
goto fail;
}
if (PyModule_AddObject(m, "error", temp) != 0) {
Py_DECREF(temp);
goto fail;
}
/* Add Str */
temp = PyType_FromSpec(&Str_Type_spec);
if (temp == NULL) {
goto fail;
}
if (PyModule_AddObject(m, "Str", temp) != 0) {
Py_DECREF(temp);
goto fail;
}
if (PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "int_const", 1969) != 0) {
goto fail;
}
if (PyModule_AddStringConstant(m, "str_const", "something different") != 0) {
goto fail;
}
return 0;
fail:
return -1;
}
/* Helper for module definitions; there'll be a lot of them */
#define TEST_MODULE_DEF(name, slots, methods) { \
PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT, /* m_base */ \
name, /* m_name */ \
PyDoc_STR("Test module " name), /* m_doc */ \
0, /* m_size */ \
methods, /* m_methods */ \
slots, /* m_slots */ \
NULL, /* m_traverse */ \
NULL, /* m_clear */ \
NULL, /* m_free */ \
}
static PyModuleDef_Slot main_slots[] = {
{Py_mod_exec, execfunc},
{0, NULL},
};
static PyModuleDef main_def = TEST_MODULE_DEF("main", main_slots, testexport_methods);
PyMODINIT_FUNC
PyInit__testmultiphase(void)
{
return PyModuleDef_Init(&main_def);
}
/**** Importing a non-module object ****/
/* Create a SimpleNamespace(three=3) */
static PyObject*
createfunc_nonmodule(PyObject *spec, PyModuleDef *def)
{
PyObject *dct, *ns, *three;
if (def != &def_nonmodule && def != &def_nonmodule_with_methods) {
PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SystemError, "def does not match");
return NULL;
}
dct = PyDict_New();
if (dct == NULL)
return NULL;
three = PyLong_FromLong(3);
if (three == NULL) {
Py_DECREF(dct);
return NULL;
}
PyDict_SetItemString(dct, "three", three);
Py_DECREF(three);
ns = _PyNamespace_New(dct);
Py_DECREF(dct);
return ns;
}
static PyModuleDef_Slot slots_create_nonmodule[] = {
{Py_mod_create, createfunc_nonmodule},
{0, NULL},
};
static PyModuleDef def_nonmodule = TEST_MODULE_DEF(
"_testmultiphase_nonmodule", slots_create_nonmodule, NULL);
PyMODINIT_FUNC
PyInit__testmultiphase_nonmodule(void)
{
return PyModuleDef_Init(&def_nonmodule);
}
PyDoc_STRVAR(nonmodule_bar_doc,
"bar(i,j)\n\
\n\
Return the difference of i - j.");
static PyObject *
nonmodule_bar(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
long i, j;
long res;
if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "ll:bar", &i, &j))
return NULL;
res = i - j;
return PyLong_FromLong(res);
}
static PyMethodDef nonmodule_methods[] = {
{"bar", nonmodule_bar, METH_VARARGS, nonmodule_bar_doc},
{NULL, NULL} /* sentinel */
};
static PyModuleDef def_nonmodule_with_methods = TEST_MODULE_DEF(
"_testmultiphase_nonmodule_with_methods", slots_create_nonmodule, nonmodule_methods);
PyMODINIT_FUNC
PyInit__testmultiphase_nonmodule_with_methods(void)
{
return PyModuleDef_Init(&def_nonmodule_with_methods);
}
/**** Non-ASCII-named modules ****/
static PyModuleDef def_nonascii_latin = { \
PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT, /* m_base */
"_testmultiphase_nonascii_latin", /* m_name */
PyDoc_STR("Module named in Czech"), /* m_doc */
0, /* m_size */
NULL, /* m_methods */
NULL, /* m_slots */
NULL, /* m_traverse */
NULL, /* m_clear */
NULL, /* m_free */
};
PyMODINIT_FUNC
PyInitU__testmultiphase_zkouka_naten_evc07gi8e(void)
{
return PyModuleDef_Init(&def_nonascii_latin);
}
static PyModuleDef def_nonascii_kana = { \
PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT, /* m_base */
"_testmultiphase_nonascii_kana", /* m_name */
PyDoc_STR("Module named in Japanese"), /* m_doc */
0, /* m_size */
NULL, /* m_methods */
NULL, /* m_slots */
NULL, /* m_traverse */
NULL, /* m_clear */
NULL, /* m_free */
};
PyMODINIT_FUNC
PyInitU_eckzbwbhc6jpgzcx415x(void)
{
return PyModuleDef_Init(&def_nonascii_kana);
}
/*** Module with a single-character name ***/
PyMODINIT_FUNC
PyInit_x(void)
{
return PyModuleDef_Init(&main_def);
}
/**** Testing NULL slots ****/
static PyModuleDef null_slots_def = TEST_MODULE_DEF(
"_testmultiphase_null_slots", NULL, NULL);
PyMODINIT_FUNC
PyInit__testmultiphase_null_slots(void)
{
return PyModuleDef_Init(&null_slots_def);
}
/**** Problematic modules ****/
static PyModuleDef_Slot slots_bad_large[] = {
{_Py_mod_LAST_SLOT + 1, NULL},
{0, NULL},
};
static PyModuleDef def_bad_large = TEST_MODULE_DEF(
"_testmultiphase_bad_slot_large", slots_bad_large, NULL);
PyMODINIT_FUNC
PyInit__testmultiphase_bad_slot_large(void)
{
return PyModuleDef_Init(&def_bad_large);
}
static PyModuleDef_Slot slots_bad_negative[] = {
{-1, NULL},
{0, NULL},
};
static PyModuleDef def_bad_negative = TEST_MODULE_DEF(
"_testmultiphase_bad_slot_negative", slots_bad_negative, NULL);
PyMODINIT_FUNC
PyInit__testmultiphase_bad_slot_negative(void)
{
return PyModuleDef_Init(&def_bad_negative);
}
static PyModuleDef def_create_int_with_state = { \
PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT, /* m_base */
"create_with_state", /* m_name */
PyDoc_STR("Not a PyModuleObject object, but requests per-module state"),
10, /* m_size */
NULL, /* m_methods */
slots_create_nonmodule, /* m_slots */
NULL, /* m_traverse */
NULL, /* m_clear */
NULL, /* m_free */
};
PyMODINIT_FUNC
PyInit__testmultiphase_create_int_with_state(void)
{
return PyModuleDef_Init(&def_create_int_with_state);
}
static PyModuleDef def_negative_size = { \
PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT, /* m_base */
"negative_size", /* m_name */
PyDoc_STR("PyModuleDef with negative m_size"),
-1, /* m_size */
NULL, /* m_methods */
slots_create_nonmodule, /* m_slots */
NULL, /* m_traverse */
NULL, /* m_clear */
NULL, /* m_free */
};
PyMODINIT_FUNC
PyInit__testmultiphase_negative_size(void)
{
return PyModuleDef_Init(&def_negative_size);
}
static PyModuleDef uninitialized_def = TEST_MODULE_DEF("main", main_slots, testexport_methods);
PyMODINIT_FUNC
PyInit__testmultiphase_export_uninitialized(void)
{
return (PyObject*) &uninitialized_def;
}
PyMODINIT_FUNC
PyInit__testmultiphase_export_null(void)
{
return NULL;
}
PyMODINIT_FUNC
PyInit__testmultiphase_export_raise(void)
{
PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SystemError, "bad export function");
return NULL;
}
PyMODINIT_FUNC
PyInit__testmultiphase_export_unreported_exception(void)
{
PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SystemError, "bad export function");
return PyModuleDef_Init(&main_def);
}
static PyObject*
createfunc_null(PyObject *spec, PyModuleDef *def)
{
return NULL;
}
static PyModuleDef_Slot slots_create_null[] = {
{Py_mod_create, createfunc_null},
{0, NULL},
};
static PyModuleDef def_create_null = TEST_MODULE_DEF(
"_testmultiphase_create_null", slots_create_null, NULL);
PyMODINIT_FUNC
PyInit__testmultiphase_create_null(void)
{
return PyModuleDef_Init(&def_create_null);
}
static PyObject*
createfunc_raise(PyObject *spec, PyModuleDef *def)
{
PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SystemError, "bad create function");
return NULL;
}
static PyModuleDef_Slot slots_create_raise[] = {
{Py_mod_create, createfunc_raise},
{0, NULL},
};
static PyModuleDef def_create_raise = TEST_MODULE_DEF(
"_testmultiphase_create_null", slots_create_raise, NULL);
PyMODINIT_FUNC
PyInit__testmultiphase_create_raise(void)
{
return PyModuleDef_Init(&def_create_raise);
}
static PyObject*
createfunc_unreported_exception(PyObject *spec, PyModuleDef *def)
{
PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SystemError, "bad create function");
return PyModule_New("foo");
}
static PyModuleDef_Slot slots_create_unreported_exception[] = {
{Py_mod_create, createfunc_unreported_exception},
{0, NULL},
};
static PyModuleDef def_create_unreported_exception = TEST_MODULE_DEF(
"_testmultiphase_create_unreported_exception", slots_create_unreported_exception, NULL);
PyMODINIT_FUNC
PyInit__testmultiphase_create_unreported_exception(void)
{
return PyModuleDef_Init(&def_create_unreported_exception);
}
static PyModuleDef_Slot slots_nonmodule_with_exec_slots[] = {
{Py_mod_create, createfunc_nonmodule},
{Py_mod_exec, execfunc},
{0, NULL},
};
static PyModuleDef def_nonmodule_with_exec_slots = TEST_MODULE_DEF(
"_testmultiphase_nonmodule_with_exec_slots", slots_nonmodule_with_exec_slots, NULL);
PyMODINIT_FUNC
PyInit__testmultiphase_nonmodule_with_exec_slots(void)
{
return PyModuleDef_Init(&def_nonmodule_with_exec_slots);
}
static int
execfunc_err(PyObject *mod)
{
return -1;
}
static PyModuleDef_Slot slots_exec_err[] = {
{Py_mod_exec, execfunc_err},
{0, NULL},
};
static PyModuleDef def_exec_err = TEST_MODULE_DEF(
"_testmultiphase_exec_err", slots_exec_err, NULL);
PyMODINIT_FUNC
PyInit__testmultiphase_exec_err(void)
{
return PyModuleDef_Init(&def_exec_err);
}
static int
execfunc_raise(PyObject *spec)
{
PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SystemError, "bad exec function");
return -1;
}
static PyModuleDef_Slot slots_exec_raise[] = {
{Py_mod_exec, execfunc_raise},
{0, NULL},
};
static PyModuleDef def_exec_raise = TEST_MODULE_DEF(
"_testmultiphase_exec_raise", slots_exec_raise, NULL);
PyMODINIT_FUNC
PyInit__testmultiphase_exec_raise(void)
{
return PyModuleDef_Init(&def_exec_raise);
}
static int
execfunc_unreported_exception(PyObject *mod)
{
PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SystemError, "bad exec function");
return 0;
}
static PyModuleDef_Slot slots_exec_unreported_exception[] = {
{Py_mod_exec, execfunc_unreported_exception},
{0, NULL},
};
static PyModuleDef def_exec_unreported_exception = TEST_MODULE_DEF(
"_testmultiphase_exec_unreported_exception", slots_exec_unreported_exception, NULL);
PyMODINIT_FUNC
PyInit__testmultiphase_exec_unreported_exception(void)
{
return PyModuleDef_Init(&def_exec_unreported_exception);
}
static int
meth_state_access_exec(PyObject *m)
{
PyObject *temp;
meth_state *m_state;
m_state = PyModule_GetState(m);
if (m_state == NULL) {
return -1;
}
temp = PyType_FromModuleAndSpec(m, &StateAccessType_spec, NULL);
if (temp == NULL) {
return -1;
}
if (PyModule_AddObject(m, "StateAccessType", temp) != 0) {
Py_DECREF(temp);
return -1;
}
return 0;
}
static PyModuleDef_Slot meth_state_access_slots[] = {
{Py_mod_exec, meth_state_access_exec},
{0, NULL}
};
static PyModuleDef def_meth_state_access = {
PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT,
.m_name = "_testmultiphase_meth_state_access",
.m_doc = PyDoc_STR("Module testing access"
" to state from methods."),
.m_size = sizeof(meth_state),
.m_slots = meth_state_access_slots,
};
PyMODINIT_FUNC
PyInit__testmultiphase_meth_state_access(void)
{
return PyModuleDef_Init(&def_meth_state_access);
}
static PyModuleDef def_module_state_shared = {
PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT,
.m_name = "_test_module_state_shared",
.m_doc = PyDoc_STR("Regression Test module for single-phase init."),
.m_size = -1,
};
PyMODINIT_FUNC
PyInit__test_module_state_shared(void)
{
PyObject *module = PyModule_Create(&def_module_state_shared);
if (module == NULL) {
return NULL;
}
if (PyModule_AddObjectRef(module, "Error", PyExc_Exception) < 0) {
Py_DECREF(module);
return NULL;
}
return module;
}
/*** Helper for imp test ***/
static PyModuleDef imp_dummy_def = TEST_MODULE_DEF("imp_dummy", main_slots, testexport_methods);
PyMODINIT_FUNC
PyInit_imp_dummy(void)
{
return PyModuleDef_Init(&imp_dummy_def);
}