mirror of https://github.com/python/cpython
202 lines
6.3 KiB
ReStructuredText
202 lines
6.3 KiB
ReStructuredText
:mod:`zipimport` --- Import modules from Zip archives
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=====================================================
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.. module:: zipimport
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:synopsis: Support for importing Python modules from ZIP archives.
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.. moduleauthor:: Just van Rossum <just@letterror.com>
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**Source code:** :source:`Lib/zipimport.py`
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--------------
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This module adds the ability to import Python modules (:file:`\*.py`,
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:file:`\*.pyc`) and packages from ZIP-format archives. It is usually not
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needed to use the :mod:`zipimport` module explicitly; it is automatically used
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by the built-in :keyword:`import` mechanism for :data:`sys.path` items that are paths
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to ZIP archives.
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Typically, :data:`sys.path` is a list of directory names as strings. This module
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also allows an item of :data:`sys.path` to be a string naming a ZIP file archive.
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The ZIP archive can contain a subdirectory structure to support package imports,
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and a path within the archive can be specified to only import from a
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subdirectory. For example, the path :file:`example.zip/lib/` would only
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import from the :file:`lib/` subdirectory within the archive.
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Any files may be present in the ZIP archive, but importers are only invoked for
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:file:`.py` and :file:`.pyc` files. ZIP import of dynamic modules
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(:file:`.pyd`, :file:`.so`) is disallowed. Note that if an archive only contains
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:file:`.py` files, Python will not attempt to modify the archive by adding the
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corresponding :file:`.pyc` file, meaning that if a ZIP archive
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doesn't contain :file:`.pyc` files, importing may be rather slow.
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.. versionchanged:: 3.8
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Previously, ZIP archives with an archive comment were not supported.
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.. seealso::
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`PKZIP Application Note <https://pkware.cachefly.net/webdocs/casestudies/APPNOTE.TXT>`_
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Documentation on the ZIP file format by Phil Katz, the creator of the format and
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algorithms used.
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:pep:`273` - Import Modules from Zip Archives
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Written by James C. Ahlstrom, who also provided an implementation. Python 2.3
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follows the specification in :pep:`273`, but uses an implementation written by Just
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van Rossum that uses the import hooks described in :pep:`302`.
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:mod:`importlib` - The implementation of the import machinery
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Package providing the relevant protocols for all importers to
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implement.
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This module defines an exception:
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.. exception:: ZipImportError
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Exception raised by zipimporter objects. It's a subclass of :exc:`ImportError`,
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so it can be caught as :exc:`ImportError`, too.
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.. _zipimporter-objects:
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zipimporter Objects
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-------------------
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:class:`zipimporter` is the class for importing ZIP files.
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.. class:: zipimporter(archivepath)
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Create a new zipimporter instance. *archivepath* must be a path to a ZIP
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file, or to a specific path within a ZIP file. For example, an *archivepath*
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of :file:`foo/bar.zip/lib` will look for modules in the :file:`lib` directory
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inside the ZIP file :file:`foo/bar.zip` (provided that it exists).
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:exc:`ZipImportError` is raised if *archivepath* doesn't point to a valid ZIP
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archive.
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.. versionchanged:: 3.12
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Methods ``find_loader()`` and ``find_module()``, deprecated in 3.10 are
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now removed. Use :meth:`find_spec` instead.
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.. method:: create_module(spec)
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Implementation of :meth:`importlib.abc.Loader.create_module` that returns
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:const:`None` to explicitly request the default semantics.
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.. versionadded:: 3.10
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.. method:: exec_module(module)
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Implementation of :meth:`importlib.abc.Loader.exec_module`.
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.. versionadded:: 3.10
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.. method:: find_spec(fullname, target=None)
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An implementation of :meth:`importlib.abc.PathEntryFinder.find_spec`.
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.. versionadded:: 3.10
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.. method:: get_code(fullname)
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Return the code object for the specified module. Raise
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:exc:`ZipImportError` if the module couldn't be imported.
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.. method:: get_data(pathname)
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Return the data associated with *pathname*. Raise :exc:`OSError` if the
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file wasn't found.
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.. versionchanged:: 3.3
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:exc:`IOError` used to be raised instead of :exc:`OSError`.
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.. method:: get_filename(fullname)
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Return the value ``__file__`` would be set to if the specified module
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was imported. Raise :exc:`ZipImportError` if the module couldn't be
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imported.
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.. versionadded:: 3.1
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.. method:: get_source(fullname)
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Return the source code for the specified module. Raise
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:exc:`ZipImportError` if the module couldn't be found, return
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:const:`None` if the archive does contain the module, but has no source
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for it.
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.. method:: is_package(fullname)
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Return ``True`` if the module specified by *fullname* is a package. Raise
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:exc:`ZipImportError` if the module couldn't be found.
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.. method:: load_module(fullname)
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Load the module specified by *fullname*. *fullname* must be the fully
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qualified (dotted) module name. Returns the imported module on success,
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raises :exc:`ZipImportError` on failure.
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.. deprecated:: 3.10
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Use :meth:`exec_module` instead.
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.. method:: invalidate_caches()
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Clear out the internal cache of information about files found within
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the ZIP archive.
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.. versionadded:: 3.10
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.. attribute:: archive
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The file name of the importer's associated ZIP file, without a possible
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subpath.
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.. attribute:: prefix
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The subpath within the ZIP file where modules are searched. This is the
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empty string for zipimporter objects which point to the root of the ZIP
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file.
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The :attr:`archive` and :attr:`prefix` attributes, when combined with a
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slash, equal the original *archivepath* argument given to the
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:class:`zipimporter` constructor.
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.. _zipimport-examples:
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Examples
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--------
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Here is an example that imports a module from a ZIP archive - note that the
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:mod:`zipimport` module is not explicitly used.
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.. code-block:: shell-session
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$ unzip -l example.zip
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Archive: example.zip
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Length Date Time Name
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-------- ---- ---- ----
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8467 11-26-02 22:30 jwzthreading.py
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-------- -------
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8467 1 file
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$ ./python
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Python 2.3 (#1, Aug 1 2003, 19:54:32)
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>>> import sys
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>>> sys.path.insert(0, 'example.zip') # Add .zip file to front of path
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>>> import jwzthreading
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>>> jwzthreading.__file__
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'example.zip/jwzthreading.py'
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