mirror of https://github.com/python/cpython
619 lines
26 KiB
ReStructuredText
619 lines
26 KiB
ReStructuredText
:mod:`locale` --- Internationalization services
|
|
===============================================
|
|
|
|
.. module:: locale
|
|
:synopsis: Internationalization services.
|
|
|
|
.. moduleauthor:: Martin von Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
|
|
.. sectionauthor:: Martin von Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
|
|
|
|
**Source code:** :source:`Lib/locale.py`
|
|
|
|
--------------
|
|
|
|
The :mod:`locale` module opens access to the POSIX locale database and
|
|
functionality. The POSIX locale mechanism allows programmers to deal with
|
|
certain cultural issues in an application, without requiring the programmer to
|
|
know all the specifics of each country where the software is executed.
|
|
|
|
.. index:: pair: module; _locale
|
|
|
|
The :mod:`locale` module is implemented on top of the :mod:`_locale` module,
|
|
which in turn uses an ANSI C locale implementation if available.
|
|
|
|
The :mod:`locale` module defines the following exception and functions:
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. exception:: Error
|
|
|
|
Exception raised when the locale passed to :func:`setlocale` is not
|
|
recognized.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. function:: setlocale(category, locale=None)
|
|
|
|
If *locale* is given and not ``None``, :func:`setlocale` modifies the locale
|
|
setting for the *category*. The available categories are listed in the data
|
|
description below. *locale* may be a string, or an iterable of two strings
|
|
(language code and encoding). If it's an iterable, it's converted to a locale
|
|
name using the locale aliasing engine. An empty string specifies the user's
|
|
default settings. If the modification of the locale fails, the exception
|
|
:exc:`Error` is raised. If successful, the new locale setting is returned.
|
|
|
|
If *locale* is omitted or ``None``, the current setting for *category* is
|
|
returned.
|
|
|
|
:func:`setlocale` is not thread-safe on most systems. Applications typically
|
|
start with a call of ::
|
|
|
|
import locale
|
|
locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, '')
|
|
|
|
This sets the locale for all categories to the user's default setting (typically
|
|
specified in the :envvar:`LANG` environment variable). If the locale is not
|
|
changed thereafter, using multithreading should not cause problems.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. function:: localeconv()
|
|
|
|
Returns the database of the local conventions as a dictionary. This dictionary
|
|
has the following strings as keys:
|
|
|
|
.. tabularcolumns:: |l|l|L|
|
|
|
|
+----------------------+-------------------------------------+--------------------------------+
|
|
| Category | Key | Meaning |
|
|
+======================+=====================================+================================+
|
|
| :const:`LC_NUMERIC` | ``'decimal_point'`` | Decimal point character. |
|
|
+----------------------+-------------------------------------+--------------------------------+
|
|
| | ``'grouping'`` | Sequence of numbers specifying |
|
|
| | | which relative positions the |
|
|
| | | ``'thousands_sep'`` is |
|
|
| | | expected. If the sequence is |
|
|
| | | terminated with |
|
|
| | | :const:`CHAR_MAX`, no further |
|
|
| | | grouping is performed. If the |
|
|
| | | sequence terminates with a |
|
|
| | | ``0``, the last group size is |
|
|
| | | repeatedly used. |
|
|
+----------------------+-------------------------------------+--------------------------------+
|
|
| | ``'thousands_sep'`` | Character used between groups. |
|
|
+----------------------+-------------------------------------+--------------------------------+
|
|
| :const:`LC_MONETARY` | ``'int_curr_symbol'`` | International currency symbol. |
|
|
+----------------------+-------------------------------------+--------------------------------+
|
|
| | ``'currency_symbol'`` | Local currency symbol. |
|
|
+----------------------+-------------------------------------+--------------------------------+
|
|
| | ``'p_cs_precedes/n_cs_precedes'`` | Whether the currency symbol |
|
|
| | | precedes the value (for |
|
|
| | | positive resp. negative |
|
|
| | | values). |
|
|
+----------------------+-------------------------------------+--------------------------------+
|
|
| | ``'p_sep_by_space/n_sep_by_space'`` | Whether the currency symbol is |
|
|
| | | separated from the value by a |
|
|
| | | space (for positive resp. |
|
|
| | | negative values). |
|
|
+----------------------+-------------------------------------+--------------------------------+
|
|
| | ``'mon_decimal_point'`` | Decimal point used for |
|
|
| | | monetary values. |
|
|
+----------------------+-------------------------------------+--------------------------------+
|
|
| | ``'frac_digits'`` | Number of fractional digits |
|
|
| | | used in local formatting of |
|
|
| | | monetary values. |
|
|
+----------------------+-------------------------------------+--------------------------------+
|
|
| | ``'int_frac_digits'`` | Number of fractional digits |
|
|
| | | used in international |
|
|
| | | formatting of monetary values. |
|
|
+----------------------+-------------------------------------+--------------------------------+
|
|
| | ``'mon_thousands_sep'`` | Group separator used for |
|
|
| | | monetary values. |
|
|
+----------------------+-------------------------------------+--------------------------------+
|
|
| | ``'mon_grouping'`` | Equivalent to ``'grouping'``, |
|
|
| | | used for monetary values. |
|
|
+----------------------+-------------------------------------+--------------------------------+
|
|
| | ``'positive_sign'`` | Symbol used to annotate a |
|
|
| | | positive monetary value. |
|
|
+----------------------+-------------------------------------+--------------------------------+
|
|
| | ``'negative_sign'`` | Symbol used to annotate a |
|
|
| | | negative monetary value. |
|
|
+----------------------+-------------------------------------+--------------------------------+
|
|
| | ``'p_sign_posn/n_sign_posn'`` | The position of the sign (for |
|
|
| | | positive resp. negative |
|
|
| | | values), see below. |
|
|
+----------------------+-------------------------------------+--------------------------------+
|
|
|
|
All numeric values can be set to :const:`CHAR_MAX` to indicate that there is no
|
|
value specified in this locale.
|
|
|
|
The possible values for ``'p_sign_posn'`` and ``'n_sign_posn'`` are given below.
|
|
|
|
+--------------+-----------------------------------------+
|
|
| Value | Explanation |
|
|
+==============+=========================================+
|
|
| ``0`` | Currency and value are surrounded by |
|
|
| | parentheses. |
|
|
+--------------+-----------------------------------------+
|
|
| ``1`` | The sign should precede the value and |
|
|
| | currency symbol. |
|
|
+--------------+-----------------------------------------+
|
|
| ``2`` | The sign should follow the value and |
|
|
| | currency symbol. |
|
|
+--------------+-----------------------------------------+
|
|
| ``3`` | The sign should immediately precede the |
|
|
| | value. |
|
|
+--------------+-----------------------------------------+
|
|
| ``4`` | The sign should immediately follow the |
|
|
| | value. |
|
|
+--------------+-----------------------------------------+
|
|
| ``CHAR_MAX`` | Nothing is specified in this locale. |
|
|
+--------------+-----------------------------------------+
|
|
|
|
The function temporarily sets the ``LC_CTYPE`` locale to the ``LC_NUMERIC``
|
|
locale or the ``LC_MONETARY`` locale if locales are different and numeric or
|
|
monetary strings are non-ASCII. This temporary change affects other threads.
|
|
|
|
.. versionchanged:: 3.7
|
|
The function now temporarily sets the ``LC_CTYPE`` locale to the
|
|
``LC_NUMERIC`` locale in some cases.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. function:: nl_langinfo(option)
|
|
|
|
Return some locale-specific information as a string. This function is not
|
|
available on all systems, and the set of possible options might also vary
|
|
across platforms. The possible argument values are numbers, for which
|
|
symbolic constants are available in the locale module.
|
|
|
|
The :func:`nl_langinfo` function accepts one of the following keys. Most
|
|
descriptions are taken from the corresponding description in the GNU C
|
|
library.
|
|
|
|
.. data:: CODESET
|
|
|
|
Get a string with the name of the character encoding used in the
|
|
selected locale.
|
|
|
|
.. data:: D_T_FMT
|
|
|
|
Get a string that can be used as a format string for :func:`time.strftime` to
|
|
represent date and time in a locale-specific way.
|
|
|
|
.. data:: D_FMT
|
|
|
|
Get a string that can be used as a format string for :func:`time.strftime` to
|
|
represent a date in a locale-specific way.
|
|
|
|
.. data:: T_FMT
|
|
|
|
Get a string that can be used as a format string for :func:`time.strftime` to
|
|
represent a time in a locale-specific way.
|
|
|
|
.. data:: T_FMT_AMPM
|
|
|
|
Get a format string for :func:`time.strftime` to represent time in the am/pm
|
|
format.
|
|
|
|
.. data:: DAY_1 ... DAY_7
|
|
|
|
Get the name of the n-th day of the week.
|
|
|
|
.. note::
|
|
|
|
This follows the US convention of :const:`DAY_1` being Sunday, not the
|
|
international convention (ISO 8601) that Monday is the first day of the
|
|
week.
|
|
|
|
.. data:: ABDAY_1 ... ABDAY_7
|
|
|
|
Get the abbreviated name of the n-th day of the week.
|
|
|
|
.. data:: MON_1 ... MON_12
|
|
|
|
Get the name of the n-th month.
|
|
|
|
.. data:: ABMON_1 ... ABMON_12
|
|
|
|
Get the abbreviated name of the n-th month.
|
|
|
|
.. data:: RADIXCHAR
|
|
|
|
Get the radix character (decimal dot, decimal comma, etc.).
|
|
|
|
.. data:: THOUSEP
|
|
|
|
Get the separator character for thousands (groups of three digits).
|
|
|
|
.. data:: YESEXPR
|
|
|
|
Get a regular expression that can be used with the regex function to
|
|
recognize a positive response to a yes/no question.
|
|
|
|
.. data:: NOEXPR
|
|
|
|
Get a regular expression that can be used with the regex(3) function to
|
|
recognize a negative response to a yes/no question.
|
|
|
|
.. note::
|
|
|
|
The regular expressions for :const:`YESEXPR` and
|
|
:const:`NOEXPR` use syntax suitable for the
|
|
:c:func:`regex` function from the C library, which might
|
|
differ from the syntax used in :mod:`re`.
|
|
|
|
.. data:: CRNCYSTR
|
|
|
|
Get the currency symbol, preceded by "-" if the symbol should appear before
|
|
the value, "+" if the symbol should appear after the value, or "." if the
|
|
symbol should replace the radix character.
|
|
|
|
.. data:: ERA
|
|
|
|
Get a string that represents the era used in the current locale.
|
|
|
|
Most locales do not define this value. An example of a locale which does
|
|
define this value is the Japanese one. In Japan, the traditional
|
|
representation of dates includes the name of the era corresponding to the
|
|
then-emperor's reign.
|
|
|
|
Normally it should not be necessary to use this value directly. Specifying
|
|
the ``E`` modifier in their format strings causes the :func:`time.strftime`
|
|
function to use this information. The format of the returned string is not
|
|
specified, and therefore you should not assume knowledge of it on different
|
|
systems.
|
|
|
|
.. data:: ERA_D_T_FMT
|
|
|
|
Get a format string for :func:`time.strftime` to represent date and time in a
|
|
locale-specific era-based way.
|
|
|
|
.. data:: ERA_D_FMT
|
|
|
|
Get a format string for :func:`time.strftime` to represent a date in a
|
|
locale-specific era-based way.
|
|
|
|
.. data:: ERA_T_FMT
|
|
|
|
Get a format string for :func:`time.strftime` to represent a time in a
|
|
locale-specific era-based way.
|
|
|
|
.. data:: ALT_DIGITS
|
|
|
|
Get a representation of up to 100 values used to represent the values
|
|
0 to 99.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. function:: getdefaultlocale([envvars])
|
|
|
|
Tries to determine the default locale settings and returns them as a tuple of
|
|
the form ``(language code, encoding)``.
|
|
|
|
According to POSIX, a program which has not called ``setlocale(LC_ALL, '')``
|
|
runs using the portable ``'C'`` locale. Calling ``setlocale(LC_ALL, '')`` lets
|
|
it use the default locale as defined by the :envvar:`LANG` variable. Since we
|
|
do not want to interfere with the current locale setting we thus emulate the
|
|
behavior in the way described above.
|
|
|
|
To maintain compatibility with other platforms, not only the :envvar:`LANG`
|
|
variable is tested, but a list of variables given as envvars parameter. The
|
|
first found to be defined will be used. *envvars* defaults to the search
|
|
path used in GNU gettext; it must always contain the variable name
|
|
``'LANG'``. The GNU gettext search path contains ``'LC_ALL'``,
|
|
``'LC_CTYPE'``, ``'LANG'`` and ``'LANGUAGE'``, in that order.
|
|
|
|
Except for the code ``'C'``, the language code corresponds to :rfc:`1766`.
|
|
*language code* and *encoding* may be ``None`` if their values cannot be
|
|
determined.
|
|
|
|
.. deprecated-removed:: 3.11 3.13
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. function:: getlocale(category=LC_CTYPE)
|
|
|
|
Returns the current setting for the given locale category as sequence containing
|
|
*language code*, *encoding*. *category* may be one of the :const:`LC_\*` values
|
|
except :const:`LC_ALL`. It defaults to :const:`LC_CTYPE`.
|
|
|
|
Except for the code ``'C'``, the language code corresponds to :rfc:`1766`.
|
|
*language code* and *encoding* may be ``None`` if their values cannot be
|
|
determined.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. function:: getpreferredencoding(do_setlocale=True)
|
|
|
|
Return the :term:`locale encoding` used for text data, according to user
|
|
preferences. User preferences are expressed differently on different
|
|
systems, and might not be available programmatically on some systems, so
|
|
this function only returns a guess.
|
|
|
|
On some systems, it is necessary to invoke :func:`setlocale` to obtain the
|
|
user preferences, so this function is not thread-safe. If invoking setlocale
|
|
is not necessary or desired, *do_setlocale* should be set to ``False``.
|
|
|
|
On Android or if the :ref:`Python UTF-8 Mode <utf8-mode>` is enabled, always
|
|
return ``'utf-8'``, the :term:`locale encoding` and the *do_setlocale*
|
|
argument are ignored.
|
|
|
|
The :ref:`Python preinitialization <c-preinit>` configures the LC_CTYPE
|
|
locale. See also the :term:`filesystem encoding and error handler`.
|
|
|
|
.. versionchanged:: 3.7
|
|
The function now always returns ``"utf-8"`` on Android or if the
|
|
:ref:`Python UTF-8 Mode <utf8-mode>` is enabled.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. function:: getencoding()
|
|
|
|
Get the current :term:`locale encoding`:
|
|
|
|
* On Android and VxWorks, return ``"utf-8"``.
|
|
* On Unix, return the encoding of the current :data:`LC_CTYPE` locale.
|
|
Return ``"utf-8"`` if ``nl_langinfo(CODESET)`` returns an empty string:
|
|
for example, if the current LC_CTYPE locale is not supported.
|
|
* On Windows, return the ANSI code page.
|
|
|
|
The :ref:`Python preinitialization <c-preinit>` configures the LC_CTYPE
|
|
locale. See also the :term:`filesystem encoding and error handler`.
|
|
|
|
This function is similar to
|
|
:func:`getpreferredencoding(False) <getpreferredencoding>` except this
|
|
function ignores the :ref:`Python UTF-8 Mode <utf8-mode>`.
|
|
|
|
.. versionadded:: 3.11
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. function:: normalize(localename)
|
|
|
|
Returns a normalized locale code for the given locale name. The returned locale
|
|
code is formatted for use with :func:`setlocale`. If normalization fails, the
|
|
original name is returned unchanged.
|
|
|
|
If the given encoding is not known, the function defaults to the default
|
|
encoding for the locale code just like :func:`setlocale`.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. function:: resetlocale(category=LC_ALL)
|
|
|
|
Sets the locale for *category* to the default setting.
|
|
|
|
The default setting is determined by calling :func:`getdefaultlocale`.
|
|
*category* defaults to :const:`LC_ALL`.
|
|
|
|
.. deprecated-removed:: 3.11 3.13
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. function:: strcoll(string1, string2)
|
|
|
|
Compares two strings according to the current :const:`LC_COLLATE` setting. As
|
|
any other compare function, returns a negative, or a positive value, or ``0``,
|
|
depending on whether *string1* collates before or after *string2* or is equal to
|
|
it.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. function:: strxfrm(string)
|
|
|
|
Transforms a string to one that can be used in locale-aware
|
|
comparisons. For example, ``strxfrm(s1) < strxfrm(s2)`` is
|
|
equivalent to ``strcoll(s1, s2) < 0``. This function can be used
|
|
when the same string is compared repeatedly, e.g. when collating a
|
|
sequence of strings.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. function:: format_string(format, val, grouping=False, monetary=False)
|
|
|
|
Formats a number *val* according to the current :const:`LC_NUMERIC` setting.
|
|
The format follows the conventions of the ``%`` operator. For floating point
|
|
values, the decimal point is modified if appropriate. If *grouping* is ``True``,
|
|
also takes the grouping into account.
|
|
|
|
If *monetary* is true, the conversion uses monetary thousands separator and
|
|
grouping strings.
|
|
|
|
Processes formatting specifiers as in ``format % val``, but takes the current
|
|
locale settings into account.
|
|
|
|
.. versionchanged:: 3.7
|
|
The *monetary* keyword parameter was added.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. function:: currency(val, symbol=True, grouping=False, international=False)
|
|
|
|
Formats a number *val* according to the current :const:`LC_MONETARY` settings.
|
|
|
|
The returned string includes the currency symbol if *symbol* is true, which is
|
|
the default. If *grouping* is ``True`` (which is not the default), grouping is done
|
|
with the value. If *international* is ``True`` (which is not the default), the
|
|
international currency symbol is used.
|
|
|
|
.. note::
|
|
|
|
This function will not work with the 'C' locale, so you have to set a
|
|
locale via :func:`setlocale` first.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. function:: str(float)
|
|
|
|
Formats a floating point number using the same format as the built-in function
|
|
``str(float)``, but takes the decimal point into account.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. function:: delocalize(string)
|
|
|
|
Converts a string into a normalized number string, following the
|
|
:const:`LC_NUMERIC` settings.
|
|
|
|
.. versionadded:: 3.5
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. function:: localize(string, grouping=False, monetary=False)
|
|
|
|
Converts a normalized number string into a formatted string following the
|
|
:const:`LC_NUMERIC` settings.
|
|
|
|
.. versionadded:: 3.10
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. function:: atof(string, func=float)
|
|
|
|
Converts a string to a number, following the :const:`LC_NUMERIC` settings,
|
|
by calling *func* on the result of calling :func:`delocalize` on *string*.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. function:: atoi(string)
|
|
|
|
Converts a string to an integer, following the :const:`LC_NUMERIC` conventions.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. data:: LC_CTYPE
|
|
|
|
.. index:: pair: module; string
|
|
|
|
Locale category for the character type functions. Depending on the settings of
|
|
this category, the functions of module :mod:`string` dealing with case change
|
|
their behaviour.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. data:: LC_COLLATE
|
|
|
|
Locale category for sorting strings. The functions :func:`strcoll` and
|
|
:func:`strxfrm` of the :mod:`locale` module are affected.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. data:: LC_TIME
|
|
|
|
Locale category for the formatting of time. The function :func:`time.strftime`
|
|
follows these conventions.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. data:: LC_MONETARY
|
|
|
|
Locale category for formatting of monetary values. The available options are
|
|
available from the :func:`localeconv` function.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. data:: LC_MESSAGES
|
|
|
|
Locale category for message display. Python currently does not support
|
|
application specific locale-aware messages. Messages displayed by the operating
|
|
system, like those returned by :func:`os.strerror` might be affected by this
|
|
category.
|
|
|
|
This value may not be available on operating systems not conforming to the
|
|
POSIX standard, most notably Windows.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. data:: LC_NUMERIC
|
|
|
|
Locale category for formatting numbers. The functions :func:`format_string`,
|
|
:func:`atoi`, :func:`atof` and :func:`.str` of the :mod:`locale` module are
|
|
affected by that category. All other numeric formatting operations are not
|
|
affected.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. data:: LC_ALL
|
|
|
|
Combination of all locale settings. If this flag is used when the locale is
|
|
changed, setting the locale for all categories is attempted. If that fails for
|
|
any category, no category is changed at all. When the locale is retrieved using
|
|
this flag, a string indicating the setting for all categories is returned. This
|
|
string can be later used to restore the settings.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. data:: CHAR_MAX
|
|
|
|
This is a symbolic constant used for different values returned by
|
|
:func:`localeconv`.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Example::
|
|
|
|
>>> import locale
|
|
>>> loc = locale.getlocale() # get current locale
|
|
# use German locale; name might vary with platform
|
|
>>> locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, 'de_DE')
|
|
>>> locale.strcoll('f\xe4n', 'foo') # compare a string containing an umlaut
|
|
>>> locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, '') # use user's preferred locale
|
|
>>> locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, 'C') # use default (C) locale
|
|
>>> locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, loc) # restore saved locale
|
|
|
|
|
|
Background, details, hints, tips and caveats
|
|
--------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
The C standard defines the locale as a program-wide property that may be
|
|
relatively expensive to change. On top of that, some implementations are broken
|
|
in such a way that frequent locale changes may cause core dumps. This makes the
|
|
locale somewhat painful to use correctly.
|
|
|
|
Initially, when a program is started, the locale is the ``C`` locale, no matter
|
|
what the user's preferred locale is. There is one exception: the
|
|
:data:`LC_CTYPE` category is changed at startup to set the current locale
|
|
encoding to the user's preferred locale encoding. The program must explicitly
|
|
say that it wants the user's preferred locale settings for other categories by
|
|
calling ``setlocale(LC_ALL, '')``.
|
|
|
|
It is generally a bad idea to call :func:`setlocale` in some library routine,
|
|
since as a side effect it affects the entire program. Saving and restoring it
|
|
is almost as bad: it is expensive and affects other threads that happen to run
|
|
before the settings have been restored.
|
|
|
|
If, when coding a module for general use, you need a locale independent version
|
|
of an operation that is affected by the locale (such as
|
|
certain formats used with :func:`time.strftime`), you will have to find a way to
|
|
do it without using the standard library routine. Even better is convincing
|
|
yourself that using locale settings is okay. Only as a last resort should you
|
|
document that your module is not compatible with non-\ ``C`` locale settings.
|
|
|
|
The only way to perform numeric operations according to the locale is to use the
|
|
special functions defined by this module: :func:`atof`, :func:`atoi`,
|
|
:func:`format_string`, :func:`.str`.
|
|
|
|
There is no way to perform case conversions and character classifications
|
|
according to the locale. For (Unicode) text strings these are done according
|
|
to the character value only, while for byte strings, the conversions and
|
|
classifications are done according to the ASCII value of the byte, and bytes
|
|
whose high bit is set (i.e., non-ASCII bytes) are never converted or considered
|
|
part of a character class such as letter or whitespace.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. _embedding-locale:
|
|
|
|
For extension writers and programs that embed Python
|
|
----------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
Extension modules should never call :func:`setlocale`, except to find out what
|
|
the current locale is. But since the return value can only be used portably to
|
|
restore it, that is not very useful (except perhaps to find out whether or not
|
|
the locale is ``C``).
|
|
|
|
When Python code uses the :mod:`locale` module to change the locale, this also
|
|
affects the embedding application. If the embedding application doesn't want
|
|
this to happen, it should remove the :mod:`_locale` extension module (which does
|
|
all the work) from the table of built-in modules in the :file:`config.c` file,
|
|
and make sure that the :mod:`_locale` module is not accessible as a shared
|
|
library.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. _locale-gettext:
|
|
|
|
Access to message catalogs
|
|
--------------------------
|
|
|
|
.. function:: gettext(msg)
|
|
.. function:: dgettext(domain, msg)
|
|
.. function:: dcgettext(domain, msg, category)
|
|
.. function:: textdomain(domain)
|
|
.. function:: bindtextdomain(domain, dir)
|
|
|
|
The locale module exposes the C library's gettext interface on systems that
|
|
provide this interface. It consists of the functions :func:`!gettext`,
|
|
:func:`!dgettext`, :func:`!dcgettext`, :func:`!textdomain`, :func:`!bindtextdomain`,
|
|
and :func:`!bind_textdomain_codeset`. These are similar to the same functions in
|
|
the :mod:`gettext` module, but use the C library's binary format for message
|
|
catalogs, and the C library's search algorithms for locating message catalogs.
|
|
|
|
Python applications should normally find no need to invoke these functions, and
|
|
should use :mod:`gettext` instead. A known exception to this rule are
|
|
applications that link with additional C libraries which internally invoke
|
|
:c:func:`gettext` or :c:func:`dcgettext`. For these applications, it may be
|
|
necessary to bind the text domain, so that the libraries can properly locate
|
|
their message catalogs.
|