mirror of https://github.com/python/cpython
246 lines
9.5 KiB
TeX
246 lines
9.5 KiB
TeX
\section{Standard Module \module{nntplib}}
|
|
\label{module-nntplib}
|
|
\stmodindex{nntplib}
|
|
\indexii{NNTP}{protocol}
|
|
\index{Network News Transfer Protocol}
|
|
|
|
|
|
This module defines the class \class{NNTP} which implements the client
|
|
side of the NNTP protocol. It can be used to implement a news reader
|
|
or poster, or automated news processors. For more information on NNTP
|
|
(Network News Transfer Protocol), see Internet \rfc{977}.
|
|
|
|
Here are two small examples of how it can be used. To list some
|
|
statistics about a newsgroup and print the subjects of the last 10
|
|
articles:
|
|
|
|
\begin{verbatim}
|
|
>>> s = NNTP('news.cwi.nl')
|
|
>>> resp, count, first, last, name = s.group('comp.lang.python')
|
|
>>> print 'Group', name, 'has', count, 'articles, range', first, 'to', last
|
|
Group comp.lang.python has 59 articles, range 3742 to 3803
|
|
>>> resp, subs = s.xhdr('subject', first + '-' + last)
|
|
>>> for id, sub in subs[-10:]: print id, sub
|
|
...
|
|
3792 Re: Removing elements from a list while iterating...
|
|
3793 Re: Who likes Info files?
|
|
3794 Emacs and doc strings
|
|
3795 a few questions about the Mac implementation
|
|
3796 Re: executable python scripts
|
|
3797 Re: executable python scripts
|
|
3798 Re: a few questions about the Mac implementation
|
|
3799 Re: PROPOSAL: A Generic Python Object Interface for Python C Modules
|
|
3802 Re: executable python scripts
|
|
3803 Re: \POSIX{} wait and SIGCHLD
|
|
>>> s.quit()
|
|
'205 news.cwi.nl closing connection. Goodbye.'
|
|
\end{verbatim}
|
|
|
|
To post an article from a file (this assumes that the article has
|
|
valid headers):
|
|
|
|
\begin{verbatim}
|
|
>>> s = NNTP('news.cwi.nl')
|
|
>>> f = open('/tmp/article')
|
|
>>> s.post(f)
|
|
'240 Article posted successfully.'
|
|
>>> s.quit()
|
|
'205 news.cwi.nl closing connection. Goodbye.'
|
|
\end{verbatim}
|
|
%
|
|
The module itself defines the following items:
|
|
|
|
\begin{classdesc}{NNTP}{host\optional{, port}}
|
|
Return a new instance of the \class{NNTP} class, representing a
|
|
connection to the NNTP server running on host \var{host}, listening at
|
|
port \var{port}. The default \var{port} is 119.
|
|
\end{classdesc}
|
|
|
|
\begin{excdesc}{error_reply}
|
|
Exception raised when an unexpected reply is received from the server.
|
|
\end{excdesc}
|
|
|
|
\begin{excdesc}{error_temp}
|
|
Exception raised when an error code in the range 400--499 is received.
|
|
\end{excdesc}
|
|
|
|
\begin{excdesc}{error_perm}
|
|
Exception raised when an error code in the range 500--599 is received.
|
|
\end{excdesc}
|
|
|
|
\begin{excdesc}{error_proto}
|
|
Exception raised when a reply is received from the server that does
|
|
not begin with a digit in the range 1--5.
|
|
\end{excdesc}
|
|
|
|
|
|
\subsection{NNTP Objects}
|
|
\label{nntp-objects}
|
|
|
|
NNTP instances have the following methods. The \var{response} that is
|
|
returned as the first item in the return tuple of almost all methods
|
|
is the server's response: a string beginning with a three-digit code.
|
|
If the server's response indicates an error, the method raises one of
|
|
the above exceptions.
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin{methoddesc}{getwelcome}{}
|
|
Return the welcome message sent by the server in reply to the initial
|
|
connection. (This message sometimes contains disclaimers or help
|
|
information that may be relevant to the user.)
|
|
\end{methoddesc}
|
|
|
|
\begin{methoddesc}{set_debuglevel}{level}
|
|
Set the instance's debugging level. This controls the amount of
|
|
debugging output printed. The default, \code{0}, produces no debugging
|
|
output. A value of \code{1} produces a moderate amount of debugging
|
|
output, generally a single line per request or response. A value of
|
|
\code{2} or higher produces the maximum amount of debugging output,
|
|
logging each line sent and received on the connection (including
|
|
message text).
|
|
\end{methoddesc}
|
|
|
|
\begin{methoddesc}{newgroups}{date, time}
|
|
Send a \samp{NEWGROUPS} command. The \var{date} argument should be a
|
|
string of the form \code{"\var{yy}\var{mm}\var{dd}"} indicating the
|
|
date, and \var{time} should be a string of the form
|
|
\code{"\var{hh}\var{mm}\var{ss}"} indicating the time. Return a pair
|
|
\code{(\var{response}, \var{groups})} where \var{groups} is a list of
|
|
group names that are new since the given date and time.
|
|
\end{methoddesc}
|
|
|
|
\begin{methoddesc}{newnews}{group, date, time}
|
|
Send a \samp{NEWNEWS} command. Here, \var{group} is a group name or
|
|
\code{'*'}, and \var{date} and \var{time} have the same meaning as for
|
|
\method{newgroups()}. Return a pair \code{(\var{response},
|
|
\var{articles})} where \var{articles} is a list of article ids.
|
|
\end{methoddesc}
|
|
|
|
\begin{methoddesc}{list}{}
|
|
Send a \samp{LIST} command. Return a pair \code{(\var{response},
|
|
\var{list})} where \var{list} is a list of tuples. Each tuple has the
|
|
form \code{(\var{group}, \var{last}, \var{first}, \var{flag})}, where
|
|
\var{group} is a group name, \var{last} and \var{first} are the last
|
|
and first article numbers (as strings), and \var{flag} is \code{'y'}
|
|
if posting is allowed, \code{'n'} if not, and \code{'m'} if the
|
|
newsgroup is moderated. (Note the ordering: \var{last}, \var{first}.)
|
|
\end{methoddesc}
|
|
|
|
\begin{methoddesc}{group}{name}
|
|
Send a \samp{GROUP} command, where \var{name} is the group name.
|
|
Return a tuple \code{(}\var{response}\code{,} \var{count}\code{,}
|
|
\var{first}\code{,} \var{last}\code{,} \var{name}\code{)} where
|
|
\var{count} is the (estimated) number of articles in the group,
|
|
\var{first} is the first article number in the group, \var{last} is
|
|
the last article number in the group, and \var{name} is the group
|
|
name. The numbers are returned as strings.
|
|
\end{methoddesc}
|
|
|
|
\begin{methoddesc}{help}{}
|
|
Send a \samp{HELP} command. Return a pair \code{(\var{response},
|
|
\var{list})} where \var{list} is a list of help strings.
|
|
\end{methoddesc}
|
|
|
|
\begin{methoddesc}{stat}{id}
|
|
Send a \samp{STAT} command, where \var{id} is the message id (enclosed
|
|
in \character{<} and \character{>}) or an article number (as a string).
|
|
Return a triple \code{(\var{response}, \var{number}, \var{id})} where
|
|
\var{number} is the article number (as a string) and \var{id} is the
|
|
article id (enclosed in \character{<} and \character{>}).
|
|
\end{methoddesc}
|
|
|
|
\begin{methoddesc}{next}{}
|
|
Send a \samp{NEXT} command. Return as for \method{stat()}.
|
|
\end{methoddesc}
|
|
|
|
\begin{methoddesc}{last}{}
|
|
Send a \samp{LAST} command. Return as for \method{stat()}.
|
|
\end{methoddesc}
|
|
|
|
\begin{methoddesc}{head}{id}
|
|
Send a \samp{HEAD} command, where \var{id} has the same meaning as for
|
|
\method{stat()}. Return a tuple
|
|
\code{(\var{response}, \var{number}, \var{id}, \var{list})}
|
|
where the first three are the same as for \method{stat()},
|
|
and \var{list} is a list of the article's headers (an uninterpreted
|
|
list of lines, without trailing newlines).
|
|
\end{methoddesc}
|
|
|
|
\begin{methoddesc}{body}{id}
|
|
Send a \samp{BODY} command, where \var{id} has the same meaning as for
|
|
\method{stat()}. Return as for \method{head()}.
|
|
\end{methoddesc}
|
|
|
|
\begin{methoddesc}{article}{id}
|
|
Send a \samp{ARTICLE} command, where \var{id} has the same meaning as
|
|
for \method{stat()}. Return as for \method{head()}.
|
|
\end{methoddesc}
|
|
|
|
\begin{methoddesc}{slave}{}
|
|
Send a \samp{SLAVE} command. Return the server's \var{response}.
|
|
\end{methoddesc}
|
|
|
|
\begin{methoddesc}{xhdr}{header, string}
|
|
Send an \samp{XHDR} command. This command is not defined in the RFC
|
|
but is a common extension. The \var{header} argument is a header
|
|
keyword, e.g. \code{'subject'}. The \var{string} argument should have
|
|
the form \code{"\var{first}-\var{last}"} where \var{first} and
|
|
\var{last} are the first and last article numbers to search. Return a
|
|
pair \code{(\var{response}, \var{list})}, where \var{list} is a list of
|
|
pairs \code{(\var{id}, \var{text})}, where \var{id} is an article id
|
|
(as a string) and \var{text} is the text of the requested header for
|
|
that article.
|
|
\end{methoddesc}
|
|
|
|
\begin{methoddesc}{post}{file}
|
|
Post an article using the \samp{POST} command. The \var{file}
|
|
argument is an open file object which is read until EOF using its
|
|
\method{readline()} method. It should be a well-formed news article,
|
|
including the required headers. The \method{post()} method
|
|
automatically escapes lines beginning with \samp{.}.
|
|
\end{methoddesc}
|
|
|
|
\begin{methoddesc}{ihave}{id, file}
|
|
Send an \samp{IHAVE} command. If the response is not an error, treat
|
|
\var{file} exactly as for the \method{post()} method.
|
|
\end{methoddesc}
|
|
|
|
\begin{methoddesc}{date}{}
|
|
Return a triple \code{(\var{response}, \var{date}, \var{time})},
|
|
containing the current date and time in a form suitable for the
|
|
\method{newnews()} and \method{newgroups()} methods.
|
|
This is an optional NNTP extension, and may not be supported by all
|
|
servers.
|
|
\end{methoddesc}
|
|
|
|
\begin{methoddesc}{xgtitle}{name}
|
|
Process an \samp{XGTITLE} command, returning a pair \code{(\var{response},
|
|
\var{list})}, where \var{list} is a list of tuples containing
|
|
\code{(\var{name}, \var{title})}.
|
|
% XXX huh? Should that be name, description?
|
|
This is an optional NNTP extension, and may not be supported by all
|
|
servers.
|
|
\end{methoddesc}
|
|
|
|
\begin{methoddesc}{xover}{start, end}
|
|
Return a pair \code{(\var{resp}, \var{list})}. \var{list} is a list
|
|
of tuples, one for each article in the range delimited by the \var{start}
|
|
and \var{end} article numbers. Each tuple is of the form
|
|
\code{(}\var{article number}\code{,} \var{subject}\code{,}
|
|
\var{poster}\code{,} \var{date}\code{,} \var{id}\code{,}
|
|
\var{references}\code{,} \var{size}\code{,} \var{lines}\code{)}.
|
|
This is an optional NNTP extension, and may not be supported by all
|
|
servers.
|
|
\end{methoddesc}
|
|
|
|
\begin{methoddesc}{xpath}{id}
|
|
Return a pair \code{(\var{resp}, \var{path})}, where \var{path} is the
|
|
directory path to the article with message ID \var{id}. This is an
|
|
optional NNTP extension, and may not be supported by all servers.
|
|
\end{methoddesc}
|
|
|
|
\begin{methoddesc}{quit}{}
|
|
Send a \samp{QUIT} command and close the connection. Once this method
|
|
has been called, no other methods of the NNTP object should be called.
|
|
\end{methoddesc}
|