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cpython/Tools/jit/_stencils.py

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"""Core data structures for compiled code templates."""
import dataclasses
import enum
import sys
import typing
import _schema
@enum.unique
class HoleValue(enum.Enum):
"""
Different "base" values that can be patched into holes (usually combined with the
address of a symbol and/or an addend).
"""
# The base address of the machine code for the current uop (exposed as _JIT_ENTRY):
CODE = enum.auto()
# The base address of the machine code for the next uop (exposed as _JIT_CONTINUE):
CONTINUE = enum.auto()
# The base address of the read-only data for this uop:
DATA = enum.auto()
# The address of the current executor (exposed as _JIT_EXECUTOR):
EXECUTOR = enum.auto()
# The base address of the "global" offset table located in the read-only data.
# Shouldn't be present in the final stencils, since these are all replaced with
# equivalent DATA values:
GOT = enum.auto()
# The current uop's oparg (exposed as _JIT_OPARG):
OPARG = enum.auto()
# The current uop's operand on 64-bit platforms (exposed as _JIT_OPERAND):
OPERAND = enum.auto()
# The current uop's operand on 32-bit platforms (exposed as _JIT_OPERAND_HI/LO):
OPERAND_HI = enum.auto()
OPERAND_LO = enum.auto()
# The current uop's target (exposed as _JIT_TARGET):
TARGET = enum.auto()
# The base address of the machine code for the jump target (exposed as _JIT_JUMP_TARGET):
JUMP_TARGET = enum.auto()
# The base address of the machine code for the error jump target (exposed as _JIT_ERROR_TARGET):
ERROR_TARGET = enum.auto()
# A hardcoded value of zero (used for symbol lookups):
ZERO = enum.auto()
# Map relocation types to our JIT's patch functions. "r" suffixes indicate that
# the patch function is relative. "x" suffixes indicate that they are "relaxing"
# (see comments in jit.c for more info):
_PATCH_FUNCS = {
# aarch64-apple-darwin:
"ARM64_RELOC_BRANCH26": "patch_aarch64_26r",
"ARM64_RELOC_GOT_LOAD_PAGE21": "patch_aarch64_21rx",
"ARM64_RELOC_GOT_LOAD_PAGEOFF12": "patch_aarch64_12x",
"ARM64_RELOC_PAGE21": "patch_aarch64_21r",
"ARM64_RELOC_PAGEOFF12": "patch_aarch64_12",
"ARM64_RELOC_UNSIGNED": "patch_64",
# x86_64-pc-windows-msvc:
"IMAGE_REL_AMD64_REL32": "patch_x86_64_32rx",
# aarch64-pc-windows-msvc:
"IMAGE_REL_ARM64_BRANCH26": "patch_aarch64_26r",
"IMAGE_REL_ARM64_PAGEBASE_REL21": "patch_aarch64_21rx",
"IMAGE_REL_ARM64_PAGEOFFSET_12A": "patch_aarch64_12",
"IMAGE_REL_ARM64_PAGEOFFSET_12L": "patch_aarch64_12x",
# i686-pc-windows-msvc:
"IMAGE_REL_I386_DIR32": "patch_32",
"IMAGE_REL_I386_REL32": "patch_x86_64_32rx",
# aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu:
"R_AARCH64_ABS64": "patch_64",
"R_AARCH64_ADD_ABS_LO12_NC": "patch_aarch64_12",
"R_AARCH64_ADR_GOT_PAGE": "patch_aarch64_21rx",
"R_AARCH64_ADR_PREL_PG_HI21": "patch_aarch64_21r",
"R_AARCH64_CALL26": "patch_aarch64_26r",
"R_AARCH64_JUMP26": "patch_aarch64_26r",
"R_AARCH64_LD64_GOT_LO12_NC": "patch_aarch64_12x",
"R_AARCH64_MOVW_UABS_G0_NC": "patch_aarch64_16a",
"R_AARCH64_MOVW_UABS_G1_NC": "patch_aarch64_16b",
"R_AARCH64_MOVW_UABS_G2_NC": "patch_aarch64_16c",
"R_AARCH64_MOVW_UABS_G3": "patch_aarch64_16d",
# x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu:
"R_X86_64_64": "patch_64",
"R_X86_64_GOTPCREL": "patch_32r",
"R_X86_64_GOTPCRELX": "patch_x86_64_32rx",
"R_X86_64_PC32": "patch_32r",
"R_X86_64_REX_GOTPCRELX": "patch_x86_64_32rx",
# x86_64-apple-darwin:
"X86_64_RELOC_BRANCH": "patch_32r",
"X86_64_RELOC_GOT": "patch_x86_64_32rx",
"X86_64_RELOC_GOT_LOAD": "patch_x86_64_32rx",
"X86_64_RELOC_SIGNED": "patch_32r",
"X86_64_RELOC_UNSIGNED": "patch_64",
}
# Translate HoleValues to C expressions:
_HOLE_EXPRS = {
HoleValue.CODE: "(uintptr_t)code",
HoleValue.CONTINUE: "(uintptr_t)code + sizeof(code_body)",
HoleValue.DATA: "(uintptr_t)data",
HoleValue.EXECUTOR: "(uintptr_t)executor",
# These should all have been turned into DATA values by process_relocations:
# HoleValue.GOT: "",
HoleValue.OPARG: "instruction->oparg",
HoleValue.OPERAND: "instruction->operand",
HoleValue.OPERAND_HI: "(instruction->operand >> 32)",
HoleValue.OPERAND_LO: "(instruction->operand & UINT32_MAX)",
HoleValue.TARGET: "instruction->target",
HoleValue.JUMP_TARGET: "instruction_starts[instruction->jump_target]",
HoleValue.ERROR_TARGET: "instruction_starts[instruction->error_target]",
HoleValue.ZERO: "",
}
@dataclasses.dataclass
class Hole:
"""
A "hole" in the stencil to be patched with a computed runtime value.
Analogous to relocation records in an object file.
"""
offset: int
kind: _schema.HoleKind
# Patch with this base value:
value: HoleValue
# ...plus the address of this symbol:
symbol: str | None
# ...plus this addend:
addend: int
func: str = dataclasses.field(init=False)
# Convenience method:
replace = dataclasses.replace
def __post_init__(self) -> None:
self.func = _PATCH_FUNCS[self.kind]
def fold(self, other: typing.Self) -> typing.Self | None:
"""Combine two holes into a single hole, if possible."""
if (
self.offset + 4 == other.offset
and self.value == other.value
and self.symbol == other.symbol
and self.addend == other.addend
and self.func == "patch_aarch64_21rx"
and other.func == "patch_aarch64_12x"
):
# These can *only* be properly relaxed when they appear together and
# patch the same value:
folded = self.replace()
folded.func = "patch_aarch64_33rx"
return folded
return None
def as_c(self, where: str) -> str:
"""Dump this hole as a call to a patch_* function."""
location = f"{where} + {self.offset:#x}"
value = _HOLE_EXPRS[self.value]
if self.symbol:
if value:
value += " + "
value += f"(uintptr_t)&{self.symbol}"
if _signed(self.addend):
if value:
value += " + "
value += f"{_signed(self.addend):#x}"
return f"{self.func}({location}, {value});"
@dataclasses.dataclass
class Stencil:
"""
A contiguous block of machine code or data to be copied-and-patched.
Analogous to a section or segment in an object file.
"""
body: bytearray = dataclasses.field(default_factory=bytearray, init=False)
holes: list[Hole] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=list, init=False)
disassembly: list[str] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=list, init=False)
trampolines: dict[str, int] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=dict, init=False)
def pad(self, alignment: int) -> None:
"""Pad the stencil to the given alignment."""
offset = len(self.body)
padding = -offset % alignment
self.disassembly.append(f"{offset:x}: {' '.join(['00'] * padding)}")
self.body.extend([0] * padding)
def emit_aarch64_trampoline(self, hole: Hole, alignment: int) -> None:
"""Even with the large code model, AArch64 Linux insists on 28-bit jumps."""
assert hole.symbol is not None
reuse_trampoline = hole.symbol in self.trampolines
if reuse_trampoline:
# Re-use the base address of the previously created trampoline
base = self.trampolines[hole.symbol]
else:
self.pad(alignment)
base = len(self.body)
where = slice(hole.offset, hole.offset + 4)
instruction = int.from_bytes(self.body[where], sys.byteorder)
instruction &= 0xFC000000
instruction |= ((base - hole.offset) >> 2) & 0x03FFFFFF
self.body[where] = instruction.to_bytes(4, sys.byteorder)
if reuse_trampoline:
return
self.disassembly += [
f"{base + 4 * 0:x}: 58000048 ldr x8, 8",
f"{base + 4 * 1:x}: d61f0100 br x8",
f"{base + 4 * 2:x}: 00000000",
f"{base + 4 * 2:016x}: R_AARCH64_ABS64 {hole.symbol}",
f"{base + 4 * 3:x}: 00000000",
]
for code in [
0x58000048.to_bytes(4, sys.byteorder),
0xD61F0100.to_bytes(4, sys.byteorder),
0x00000000.to_bytes(4, sys.byteorder),
0x00000000.to_bytes(4, sys.byteorder),
]:
self.body.extend(code)
self.holes.append(hole.replace(offset=base + 8, kind="R_AARCH64_ABS64"))
self.trampolines[hole.symbol] = base
def remove_jump(self, *, alignment: int = 1) -> None:
"""Remove a zero-length continuation jump, if it exists."""
hole = max(self.holes, key=lambda hole: hole.offset)
match hole:
case Hole(
offset=offset,
kind="IMAGE_REL_AMD64_REL32",
value=HoleValue.GOT,
symbol="_JIT_CONTINUE",
addend=-4,
) as hole:
# jmp qword ptr [rip]
jump = b"\x48\xFF\x25\x00\x00\x00\x00"
offset -= 3
case Hole(
offset=offset,
kind="IMAGE_REL_I386_REL32" | "X86_64_RELOC_BRANCH",
value=HoleValue.CONTINUE,
symbol=None,
addend=-4,
) as hole:
# jmp 5
jump = b"\xE9\x00\x00\x00\x00"
offset -= 1
case Hole(
offset=offset,
kind="R_AARCH64_JUMP26",
value=HoleValue.CONTINUE,
symbol=None,
addend=0,
) as hole:
# b #4
jump = b"\x00\x00\x00\x14"
case Hole(
offset=offset,
kind="R_X86_64_GOTPCRELX",
value=HoleValue.GOT,
symbol="_JIT_CONTINUE",
addend=addend,
) as hole:
assert _signed(addend) == -4
# jmp qword ptr [rip]
jump = b"\xFF\x25\x00\x00\x00\x00"
offset -= 2
case _:
return
if self.body[offset:] == jump and offset % alignment == 0:
self.body = self.body[:offset]
self.holes.remove(hole)
@dataclasses.dataclass
class StencilGroup:
"""
Code and data corresponding to a given micro-opcode.
Analogous to an entire object file.
"""
code: Stencil = dataclasses.field(default_factory=Stencil, init=False)
data: Stencil = dataclasses.field(default_factory=Stencil, init=False)
symbols: dict[int | str, tuple[HoleValue, int]] = dataclasses.field(
default_factory=dict, init=False
)
_got: dict[str, int] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=dict, init=False)
def process_relocations(self, *, alignment: int = 1) -> None:
"""Fix up all GOT and internal relocations for this stencil group."""
for hole in self.code.holes.copy():
if (
hole.kind
in {"R_AARCH64_CALL26", "R_AARCH64_JUMP26", "ARM64_RELOC_BRANCH26"}
and hole.value is HoleValue.ZERO
):
self.code.emit_aarch64_trampoline(hole, alignment)
self.code.holes.remove(hole)
self.code.remove_jump(alignment=alignment)
self.code.pad(alignment)
self.data.pad(8)
for stencil in [self.code, self.data]:
for hole in stencil.holes:
if hole.value is HoleValue.GOT:
assert hole.symbol is not None
hole.value = HoleValue.DATA
hole.addend += self._global_offset_table_lookup(hole.symbol)
hole.symbol = None
elif hole.symbol in self.symbols:
hole.value, addend = self.symbols[hole.symbol]
hole.addend += addend
hole.symbol = None
elif (
hole.kind in {"IMAGE_REL_AMD64_REL32"}
and hole.value is HoleValue.ZERO
):
raise ValueError(
f"Add PyAPI_FUNC(...) or PyAPI_DATA(...) to declaration of {hole.symbol}!"
)
self._emit_global_offset_table()
self.code.holes.sort(key=lambda hole: hole.offset)
self.data.holes.sort(key=lambda hole: hole.offset)
def _global_offset_table_lookup(self, symbol: str) -> int:
return len(self.data.body) + self._got.setdefault(symbol, 8 * len(self._got))
def _emit_global_offset_table(self) -> None:
got = len(self.data.body)
for s, offset in self._got.items():
if s in self.symbols:
value, addend = self.symbols[s]
symbol = None
else:
value, symbol = symbol_to_value(s)
addend = 0
self.data.holes.append(
Hole(got + offset, "R_X86_64_64", value, symbol, addend)
)
value_part = value.name if value is not HoleValue.ZERO else ""
if value_part and not symbol and not addend:
addend_part = ""
else:
signed = "+" if symbol is not None else ""
addend_part = f"&{symbol}" if symbol else ""
addend_part += f"{_signed(addend):{signed}#x}"
if value_part:
value_part += "+"
self.data.disassembly.append(
f"{len(self.data.body):x}: {value_part}{addend_part}"
)
self.data.body.extend([0] * 8)
def as_c(self, opname: str) -> str:
"""Dump this hole as a StencilGroup initializer."""
return f"{{emit_{opname}, {len(self.code.body)}, {len(self.data.body)}}}"
def symbol_to_value(symbol: str) -> tuple[HoleValue, str | None]:
"""
Convert a symbol name to a HoleValue and a symbol name.
Some symbols (starting with "_JIT_") are special and are converted to their
own HoleValues.
"""
if symbol.startswith("_JIT_"):
try:
return HoleValue[symbol.removeprefix("_JIT_")], None
except KeyError:
pass
return HoleValue.ZERO, symbol
def _signed(value: int) -> int:
value %= 1 << 64
if value & (1 << 63):
value -= 1 << 64
return value
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