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cpython/Lib/asyncio/tasks.py

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"""Support for tasks, coroutines and the scheduler."""
__all__ = (
'Task', 'create_task',
'FIRST_COMPLETED', 'FIRST_EXCEPTION', 'ALL_COMPLETED',
'wait', 'wait_for', 'as_completed', 'sleep',
'gather', 'shield', 'ensure_future', 'run_coroutine_threadsafe',
'current_task', 'all_tasks',
'_register_task', '_unregister_task', '_enter_task', '_leave_task',
)
import concurrent.futures
import contextvars
import functools
import inspect
import itertools
import types
import warnings
import weakref
from types import GenericAlias
from . import base_tasks
from . import coroutines
from . import events
from . import exceptions
from . import futures
from .coroutines import _is_coroutine
# Helper to generate new task names
# This uses itertools.count() instead of a "+= 1" operation because the latter
# is not thread safe. See bpo-11866 for a longer explanation.
_task_name_counter = itertools.count(1).__next__
def current_task(loop=None):
"""Return a currently executed task."""
if loop is None:
loop = events.get_running_loop()
return _current_tasks.get(loop)
def all_tasks(loop=None):
"""Return a set of all tasks for the loop."""
if loop is None:
loop = events.get_running_loop()
# Looping over a WeakSet (_all_tasks) isn't safe as it can be updated from another
# thread while we do so. Therefore we cast it to list prior to filtering. The list
# cast itself requires iteration, so we repeat it several times ignoring
# RuntimeErrors (which are not very likely to occur). See issues 34970 and 36607 for
# details.
i = 0
while True:
try:
tasks = list(_all_tasks)
except RuntimeError:
i += 1
if i >= 1000:
raise
else:
break
return {t for t in tasks
if futures._get_loop(t) is loop and not t.done()}
def _set_task_name(task, name):
if name is not None:
try:
set_name = task.set_name
except AttributeError:
pass
else:
set_name(name)
class Task(futures._PyFuture): # Inherit Python Task implementation
# from a Python Future implementation.
"""A coroutine wrapped in a Future."""
# An important invariant maintained while a Task not done:
#
# - Either _fut_waiter is None, and _step() is scheduled;
# - or _fut_waiter is some Future, and _step() is *not* scheduled.
#
# The only transition from the latter to the former is through
# _wakeup(). When _fut_waiter is not None, one of its callbacks
# must be _wakeup().
# If False, don't log a message if the task is destroyed whereas its
# status is still pending
_log_destroy_pending = True
def __init__(self, coro, *, loop=None, name=None):
super().__init__(loop=loop)
if self._source_traceback:
del self._source_traceback[-1]
if not coroutines.iscoroutine(coro):
# raise after Future.__init__(), attrs are required for __del__
# prevent logging for pending task in __del__
self._log_destroy_pending = False
raise TypeError(f"a coroutine was expected, got {coro!r}")
if name is None:
self._name = f'Task-{_task_name_counter()}'
else:
self._name = str(name)
self._must_cancel = False
self._fut_waiter = None
self._coro = coro
self._context = contextvars.copy_context()
self._loop.call_soon(self.__step, context=self._context)
_register_task(self)
def __del__(self):
if self._state == futures._PENDING and self._log_destroy_pending:
context = {
'task': self,
'message': 'Task was destroyed but it is pending!',
}
if self._source_traceback:
context['source_traceback'] = self._source_traceback
self._loop.call_exception_handler(context)
super().__del__()
__class_getitem__ = classmethod(GenericAlias)
def _repr_info(self):
return base_tasks._task_repr_info(self)
def get_coro(self):
return self._coro
def get_name(self):
return self._name
def set_name(self, value):
self._name = str(value)
def set_result(self, result):
raise RuntimeError('Task does not support set_result operation')
def set_exception(self, exception):
raise RuntimeError('Task does not support set_exception operation')
def get_stack(self, *, limit=None):
"""Return the list of stack frames for this task's coroutine.
If the coroutine is not done, this returns the stack where it is
suspended. If the coroutine has completed successfully or was
cancelled, this returns an empty list. If the coroutine was
terminated by an exception, this returns the list of traceback
frames.
The frames are always ordered from oldest to newest.
The optional limit gives the maximum number of frames to
return; by default all available frames are returned. Its
meaning differs depending on whether a stack or a traceback is
returned: the newest frames of a stack are returned, but the
oldest frames of a traceback are returned. (This matches the
behavior of the traceback module.)
For reasons beyond our control, only one stack frame is
returned for a suspended coroutine.
"""
return base_tasks._task_get_stack(self, limit)
def print_stack(self, *, limit=None, file=None):
"""Print the stack or traceback for this task's coroutine.
This produces output similar to that of the traceback module,
for the frames retrieved by get_stack(). The limit argument
is passed to get_stack(). The file argument is an I/O stream
to which the output is written; by default output is written
to sys.stderr.
"""
return base_tasks._task_print_stack(self, limit, file)
def cancel(self, msg=None):
"""Request that this task cancel itself.
This arranges for a CancelledError to be thrown into the
wrapped coroutine on the next cycle through the event loop.
The coroutine then has a chance to clean up or even deny
the request using try/except/finally.
Unlike Future.cancel, this does not guarantee that the
task will be cancelled: the exception might be caught and
acted upon, delaying cancellation of the task or preventing
cancellation completely. The task may also return a value or
raise a different exception.
Immediately after this method is called, Task.cancelled() will
not return True (unless the task was already cancelled). A
task will be marked as cancelled when the wrapped coroutine
terminates with a CancelledError exception (even if cancel()
was not called).
"""
self._log_traceback = False
if self.done():
return False
if self._fut_waiter is not None:
if self._fut_waiter.cancel(msg=msg):
# Leave self._fut_waiter; it may be a Task that
# catches and ignores the cancellation so we may have
# to cancel it again later.
return True
# It must be the case that self.__step is already scheduled.
self._must_cancel = True
self._cancel_message = msg
return True
def __step(self, exc=None):
if self.done():
raise exceptions.InvalidStateError(
f'_step(): already done: {self!r}, {exc!r}')
if self._must_cancel:
if not isinstance(exc, exceptions.CancelledError):
exc = self._make_cancelled_error()
self._must_cancel = False
coro = self._coro
self._fut_waiter = None
_enter_task(self._loop, self)
# Call either coro.throw(exc) or coro.send(None).
try:
if exc is None:
# We use the `send` method directly, because coroutines
# don't have `__iter__` and `__next__` methods.
result = coro.send(None)
else:
result = coro.throw(exc)
except StopIteration as exc:
if self._must_cancel:
# Task is cancelled right before coro stops.
self._must_cancel = False
super().cancel(msg=self._cancel_message)
else:
super().set_result(exc.value)
except exceptions.CancelledError as exc:
# Save the original exception so we can chain it later.
self._cancelled_exc = exc
super().cancel() # I.e., Future.cancel(self).
except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit) as exc:
super().set_exception(exc)
raise
except BaseException as exc:
super().set_exception(exc)
else:
blocking = getattr(result, '_asyncio_future_blocking', None)
if blocking is not None:
# Yielded Future must come from Future.__iter__().
if futures._get_loop(result) is not self._loop:
new_exc = RuntimeError(
f'Task {self!r} got Future '
f'{result!r} attached to a different loop')
self._loop.call_soon(
self.__step, new_exc, context=self._context)
elif blocking:
if result is self:
new_exc = RuntimeError(
f'Task cannot await on itself: {self!r}')
self._loop.call_soon(
self.__step, new_exc, context=self._context)
else:
result._asyncio_future_blocking = False
result.add_done_callback(
self.__wakeup, context=self._context)
self._fut_waiter = result
if self._must_cancel:
if self._fut_waiter.cancel(
msg=self._cancel_message):
self._must_cancel = False
else:
new_exc = RuntimeError(
f'yield was used instead of yield from '
f'in task {self!r} with {result!r}')
self._loop.call_soon(
self.__step, new_exc, context=self._context)
elif result is None:
# Bare yield relinquishes control for one event loop iteration.
self._loop.call_soon(self.__step, context=self._context)
elif inspect.isgenerator(result):
# Yielding a generator is just wrong.
new_exc = RuntimeError(
f'yield was used instead of yield from for '
f'generator in task {self!r} with {result!r}')
self._loop.call_soon(
self.__step, new_exc, context=self._context)
else:
# Yielding something else is an error.
new_exc = RuntimeError(f'Task got bad yield: {result!r}')
self._loop.call_soon(
self.__step, new_exc, context=self._context)
finally:
_leave_task(self._loop, self)
self = None # Needed to break cycles when an exception occurs.
def __wakeup(self, future):
try:
future.result()
except BaseException as exc:
# This may also be a cancellation.
self.__step(exc)
else:
# Don't pass the value of `future.result()` explicitly,
# as `Future.__iter__` and `Future.__await__` don't need it.
# If we call `_step(value, None)` instead of `_step()`,
# Python eval loop would use `.send(value)` method call,
# instead of `__next__()`, which is slower for futures
# that return non-generator iterators from their `__iter__`.
self.__step()
self = None # Needed to break cycles when an exception occurs.
_PyTask = Task
try:
import _asyncio
except ImportError:
pass
else:
# _CTask is needed for tests.
Task = _CTask = _asyncio.Task
def create_task(coro, *, name=None):
"""Schedule the execution of a coroutine object in a spawn task.
Return a Task object.
"""
loop = events.get_running_loop()
task = loop.create_task(coro)
_set_task_name(task, name)
return task
# wait() and as_completed() similar to those in PEP 3148.
FIRST_COMPLETED = concurrent.futures.FIRST_COMPLETED
FIRST_EXCEPTION = concurrent.futures.FIRST_EXCEPTION
ALL_COMPLETED = concurrent.futures.ALL_COMPLETED
async def wait(fs, *, timeout=None, return_when=ALL_COMPLETED):
"""Wait for the Futures and coroutines given by fs to complete.
The fs iterable must not be empty.
Coroutines will be wrapped in Tasks.
Returns two sets of Future: (done, pending).
Usage:
done, pending = await asyncio.wait(fs)
Note: This does not raise TimeoutError! Futures that aren't done
when the timeout occurs are returned in the second set.
"""
if futures.isfuture(fs) or coroutines.iscoroutine(fs):
raise TypeError(f"expect a list of futures, not {type(fs).__name__}")
if not fs:
raise ValueError('Set of coroutines/Futures is empty.')
if return_when not in (FIRST_COMPLETED, FIRST_EXCEPTION, ALL_COMPLETED):
raise ValueError(f'Invalid return_when value: {return_when}')
loop = events.get_running_loop()
fs = set(fs)
if any(coroutines.iscoroutine(f) for f in fs):
warnings.warn("The explicit passing of coroutine objects to "
"asyncio.wait() is deprecated since Python 3.8, and "
"scheduled for removal in Python 3.11.",
DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
fs = {ensure_future(f, loop=loop) for f in fs}
return await _wait(fs, timeout, return_when, loop)
def _release_waiter(waiter, *args):
if not waiter.done():
waiter.set_result(None)
async def wait_for(fut, timeout):
"""Wait for the single Future or coroutine to complete, with timeout.
Coroutine will be wrapped in Task.
Returns result of the Future or coroutine. When a timeout occurs,
it cancels the task and raises TimeoutError. To avoid the task
cancellation, wrap it in shield().
If the wait is cancelled, the task is also cancelled.
This function is a coroutine.
"""
loop = events.get_running_loop()
if timeout is None:
return await fut
if timeout <= 0:
fut = ensure_future(fut, loop=loop)
if fut.done():
return fut.result()
await _cancel_and_wait(fut, loop=loop)
try:
return fut.result()
except exceptions.CancelledError as exc:
raise exceptions.TimeoutError() from exc
waiter = loop.create_future()
timeout_handle = loop.call_later(timeout, _release_waiter, waiter)
cb = functools.partial(_release_waiter, waiter)
fut = ensure_future(fut, loop=loop)
fut.add_done_callback(cb)
try:
# wait until the future completes or the timeout
try:
await waiter
except exceptions.CancelledError:
if fut.done():
return fut.result()
else:
fut.remove_done_callback(cb)
# We must ensure that the task is not running
# after wait_for() returns.
# See https://bugs.python.org/issue32751
await _cancel_and_wait(fut, loop=loop)
raise
if fut.done():
return fut.result()
else:
fut.remove_done_callback(cb)
# We must ensure that the task is not running
# after wait_for() returns.
# See https://bugs.python.org/issue32751
await _cancel_and_wait(fut, loop=loop)
# In case task cancellation failed with some
# exception, we should re-raise it
# See https://bugs.python.org/issue40607
try:
return fut.result()
except exceptions.CancelledError as exc:
raise exceptions.TimeoutError() from exc
finally:
timeout_handle.cancel()
async def _wait(fs, timeout, return_when, loop):
"""Internal helper for wait().
The fs argument must be a collection of Futures.
"""
assert fs, 'Set of Futures is empty.'
waiter = loop.create_future()
timeout_handle = None
if timeout is not None:
timeout_handle = loop.call_later(timeout, _release_waiter, waiter)
counter = len(fs)
def _on_completion(f):
nonlocal counter
counter -= 1
if (counter <= 0 or
return_when == FIRST_COMPLETED or
return_when == FIRST_EXCEPTION and (not f.cancelled() and
f.exception() is not None)):
if timeout_handle is not None:
timeout_handle.cancel()
if not waiter.done():
waiter.set_result(None)
for f in fs:
f.add_done_callback(_on_completion)
try:
await waiter
finally:
if timeout_handle is not None:
timeout_handle.cancel()
for f in fs:
f.remove_done_callback(_on_completion)
done, pending = set(), set()
for f in fs:
if f.done():
done.add(f)
else:
pending.add(f)
return done, pending
async def _cancel_and_wait(fut, loop):
"""Cancel the *fut* future or task and wait until it completes."""
waiter = loop.create_future()
cb = functools.partial(_release_waiter, waiter)
fut.add_done_callback(cb)
try:
fut.cancel()
# We cannot wait on *fut* directly to make
# sure _cancel_and_wait itself is reliably cancellable.
await waiter
finally:
fut.remove_done_callback(cb)
# This is *not* a @coroutine! It is just an iterator (yielding Futures).
def as_completed(fs, *, timeout=None):
"""Return an iterator whose values are coroutines.
When waiting for the yielded coroutines you'll get the results (or
exceptions!) of the original Futures (or coroutines), in the order
in which and as soon as they complete.
This differs from PEP 3148; the proper way to use this is:
for f in as_completed(fs):
result = await f # The 'await' may raise.
# Use result.
If a timeout is specified, the 'await' will raise
TimeoutError when the timeout occurs before all Futures are done.
Note: The futures 'f' are not necessarily members of fs.
"""
if futures.isfuture(fs) or coroutines.iscoroutine(fs):
raise TypeError(f"expect an iterable of futures, not {type(fs).__name__}")
from .queues import Queue # Import here to avoid circular import problem.
done = Queue()
loop = events._get_event_loop()
todo = {ensure_future(f, loop=loop) for f in set(fs)}
timeout_handle = None
def _on_timeout():
for f in todo:
f.remove_done_callback(_on_completion)
done.put_nowait(None) # Queue a dummy value for _wait_for_one().
todo.clear() # Can't do todo.remove(f) in the loop.
def _on_completion(f):
if not todo:
return # _on_timeout() was here first.
todo.remove(f)
done.put_nowait(f)
if not todo and timeout_handle is not None:
timeout_handle.cancel()
async def _wait_for_one():
f = await done.get()
if f is None:
# Dummy value from _on_timeout().
raise exceptions.TimeoutError
return f.result() # May raise f.exception().
for f in todo:
f.add_done_callback(_on_completion)
if todo and timeout is not None:
timeout_handle = loop.call_later(timeout, _on_timeout)
for _ in range(len(todo)):
yield _wait_for_one()
@types.coroutine
def __sleep0():
"""Skip one event loop run cycle.
This is a private helper for 'asyncio.sleep()', used
when the 'delay' is set to 0. It uses a bare 'yield'
expression (which Task.__step knows how to handle)
instead of creating a Future object.
"""
yield
async def sleep(delay, result=None):
"""Coroutine that completes after a given time (in seconds)."""
if delay <= 0:
await __sleep0()
return result
loop = events.get_running_loop()
future = loop.create_future()
h = loop.call_later(delay,
futures._set_result_unless_cancelled,
future, result)
try:
return await future
finally:
h.cancel()
def ensure_future(coro_or_future, *, loop=None):
"""Wrap a coroutine or an awaitable in a future.
If the argument is a Future, it is returned directly.
"""
return _ensure_future(coro_or_future, loop=loop)
def _ensure_future(coro_or_future, *, loop=None):
if futures.isfuture(coro_or_future):
if loop is not None and loop is not futures._get_loop(coro_or_future):
raise ValueError('The future belongs to a different loop than '
'the one specified as the loop argument')
return coro_or_future
if not coroutines.iscoroutine(coro_or_future):
if inspect.isawaitable(coro_or_future):
coro_or_future = _wrap_awaitable(coro_or_future)
else:
raise TypeError('An asyncio.Future, a coroutine or an awaitable '
'is required')
if loop is None:
loop = events._get_event_loop(stacklevel=4)
return loop.create_task(coro_or_future)
@types.coroutine
def _wrap_awaitable(awaitable):
"""Helper for asyncio.ensure_future().
Wraps awaitable (an object with __await__) into a coroutine
that will later be wrapped in a Task by ensure_future().
"""
return (yield from awaitable.__await__())
_wrap_awaitable._is_coroutine = _is_coroutine
class _GatheringFuture(futures.Future):
"""Helper for gather().
This overrides cancel() to cancel all the children and act more
like Task.cancel(), which doesn't immediately mark itself as
cancelled.
"""
def __init__(self, children, *, loop):
assert loop is not None
super().__init__(loop=loop)
self._children = children
self._cancel_requested = False
def cancel(self, msg=None):
if self.done():
return False
ret = False
for child in self._children:
if child.cancel(msg=msg):
ret = True
if ret:
# If any child tasks were actually cancelled, we should
# propagate the cancellation request regardless of
# *return_exceptions* argument. See issue 32684.
self._cancel_requested = True
return ret
def gather(*coros_or_futures, return_exceptions=False):
"""Return a future aggregating results from the given coroutines/futures.
Coroutines will be wrapped in a future and scheduled in the event
loop. They will not necessarily be scheduled in the same order as
passed in.
All futures must share the same event loop. If all the tasks are
done successfully, the returned future's result is the list of
results (in the order of the original sequence, not necessarily
the order of results arrival). If *return_exceptions* is True,
exceptions in the tasks are treated the same as successful
results, and gathered in the result list; otherwise, the first
raised exception will be immediately propagated to the returned
future.
Cancellation: if the outer Future is cancelled, all children (that
have not completed yet) are also cancelled. If any child is
cancelled, this is treated as if it raised CancelledError --
the outer Future is *not* cancelled in this case. (This is to
prevent the cancellation of one child to cause other children to
be cancelled.)
If *return_exceptions* is False, cancelling gather() after it
has been marked done won't cancel any submitted awaitables.
For instance, gather can be marked done after propagating an
exception to the caller, therefore, calling ``gather.cancel()``
after catching an exception (raised by one of the awaitables) from
gather won't cancel any other awaitables.
"""
if not coros_or_futures:
loop = events._get_event_loop()
outer = loop.create_future()
outer.set_result([])
return outer
def _done_callback(fut):
nonlocal nfinished
nfinished += 1
if outer.done():
if not fut.cancelled():
# Mark exception retrieved.
fut.exception()
return
if not return_exceptions:
if fut.cancelled():
# Check if 'fut' is cancelled first, as
# 'fut.exception()' will *raise* a CancelledError
# instead of returning it.
exc = fut._make_cancelled_error()
outer.set_exception(exc)
return
else:
exc = fut.exception()
if exc is not None:
outer.set_exception(exc)
return
if nfinished == nfuts:
# All futures are done; create a list of results
# and set it to the 'outer' future.
results = []
for fut in children:
if fut.cancelled():
# Check if 'fut' is cancelled first, as 'fut.exception()'
# will *raise* a CancelledError instead of returning it.
# Also, since we're adding the exception return value
# to 'results' instead of raising it, don't bother
# setting __context__. This also lets us preserve
# calling '_make_cancelled_error()' at most once.
res = exceptions.CancelledError(
'' if fut._cancel_message is None else
fut._cancel_message)
else:
res = fut.exception()
if res is None:
res = fut.result()
results.append(res)
if outer._cancel_requested:
# If gather is being cancelled we must propagate the
# cancellation regardless of *return_exceptions* argument.
# See issue 32684.
exc = fut._make_cancelled_error()
outer.set_exception(exc)
else:
outer.set_result(results)
arg_to_fut = {}
children = []
nfuts = 0
nfinished = 0
loop = None
for arg in coros_or_futures:
if arg not in arg_to_fut:
fut = _ensure_future(arg, loop=loop)
if loop is None:
loop = futures._get_loop(fut)
if fut is not arg:
# 'arg' was not a Future, therefore, 'fut' is a new
# Future created specifically for 'arg'. Since the caller
# can't control it, disable the "destroy pending task"
# warning.
fut._log_destroy_pending = False
nfuts += 1
arg_to_fut[arg] = fut
fut.add_done_callback(_done_callback)
else:
# There's a duplicate Future object in coros_or_futures.
fut = arg_to_fut[arg]
children.append(fut)
outer = _GatheringFuture(children, loop=loop)
return outer
def shield(arg):
"""Wait for a future, shielding it from cancellation.
The statement
res = await shield(something())
is exactly equivalent to the statement
res = await something()
*except* that if the coroutine containing it is cancelled, the
task running in something() is not cancelled. From the POV of
something(), the cancellation did not happen. But its caller is
still cancelled, so the yield-from expression still raises
CancelledError. Note: If something() is cancelled by other means
this will still cancel shield().
If you want to completely ignore cancellation (not recommended)
you can combine shield() with a try/except clause, as follows:
try:
res = await shield(something())
except CancelledError:
res = None
"""
inner = _ensure_future(arg)
if inner.done():
# Shortcut.
return inner
loop = futures._get_loop(inner)
outer = loop.create_future()
def _inner_done_callback(inner):
if outer.cancelled():
if not inner.cancelled():
# Mark inner's result as retrieved.
inner.exception()
return
if inner.cancelled():
outer.cancel()
else:
exc = inner.exception()
if exc is not None:
outer.set_exception(exc)
else:
outer.set_result(inner.result())
def _outer_done_callback(outer):
if not inner.done():
inner.remove_done_callback(_inner_done_callback)
inner.add_done_callback(_inner_done_callback)
outer.add_done_callback(_outer_done_callback)
return outer
def run_coroutine_threadsafe(coro, loop):
"""Submit a coroutine object to a given event loop.
Return a concurrent.futures.Future to access the result.
"""
if not coroutines.iscoroutine(coro):
raise TypeError('A coroutine object is required')
future = concurrent.futures.Future()
def callback():
try:
futures._chain_future(ensure_future(coro, loop=loop), future)
except (SystemExit, KeyboardInterrupt):
raise
except BaseException as exc:
if future.set_running_or_notify_cancel():
future.set_exception(exc)
raise
loop.call_soon_threadsafe(callback)
return future
# WeakSet containing all alive tasks.
_all_tasks = weakref.WeakSet()
# Dictionary containing tasks that are currently active in
# all running event loops. {EventLoop: Task}
_current_tasks = {}
def _register_task(task):
"""Register a new task in asyncio as executed by loop."""
_all_tasks.add(task)
def _enter_task(loop, task):
current_task = _current_tasks.get(loop)
if current_task is not None:
raise RuntimeError(f"Cannot enter into task {task!r} while another "
f"task {current_task!r} is being executed.")
_current_tasks[loop] = task
def _leave_task(loop, task):
current_task = _current_tasks.get(loop)
if current_task is not task:
raise RuntimeError(f"Leaving task {task!r} does not match "
f"the current task {current_task!r}.")
del _current_tasks[loop]
def _unregister_task(task):
"""Unregister a task."""
_all_tasks.discard(task)
_py_register_task = _register_task
_py_unregister_task = _unregister_task
_py_enter_task = _enter_task
_py_leave_task = _leave_task
try:
from _asyncio import (_register_task, _unregister_task,
_enter_task, _leave_task,
_all_tasks, _current_tasks)
except ImportError:
pass
else:
_c_register_task = _register_task
_c_unregister_task = _unregister_task
_c_enter_task = _enter_task
_c_leave_task = _leave_task
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