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cpython/Lib/http/client.py

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"""HTTP/1.1 client library
<intro stuff goes here>
<other stuff, too>
HTTPConnection goes through a number of "states", which define when a client
may legally make another request or fetch the response for a particular
request. This diagram details these state transitions:
(null)
|
| HTTPConnection()
v
Idle
|
| putrequest()
v
Request-started
|
| ( putheader() )* endheaders()
v
Request-sent
|
| response = getresponse()
v
Unread-response [Response-headers-read]
|\____________________
| |
| response.read() | putrequest()
v v
Idle Req-started-unread-response
______/|
/ |
response.read() | | ( putheader() )* endheaders()
v v
Request-started Req-sent-unread-response
|
| response.read()
v
Request-sent
This diagram presents the following rules:
-- a second request may not be started until {response-headers-read}
-- a response [object] cannot be retrieved until {request-sent}
-- there is no differentiation between an unread response body and a
partially read response body
Note: this enforcement is applied by the HTTPConnection class. The
HTTPResponse class does not enforce this state machine, which
implies sophisticated clients may accelerate the request/response
pipeline. Caution should be taken, though: accelerating the states
beyond the above pattern may imply knowledge of the server's
connection-close behavior for certain requests. For example, it
is impossible to tell whether the server will close the connection
UNTIL the response headers have been read; this means that further
requests cannot be placed into the pipeline until it is known that
the server will NOT be closing the connection.
Logical State __state __response
------------- ------- ----------
Idle _CS_IDLE None
Request-started _CS_REQ_STARTED None
Request-sent _CS_REQ_SENT None
Unread-response _CS_IDLE <response_class>
Req-started-unread-response _CS_REQ_STARTED <response_class>
Req-sent-unread-response _CS_REQ_SENT <response_class>
"""
import email.parser
import email.message
import io
import os
import socket
import collections
from urllib.parse import urlsplit
import warnings
__all__ = ["HTTPResponse", "HTTPConnection",
"HTTPException", "NotConnected", "UnknownProtocol",
"UnknownTransferEncoding", "UnimplementedFileMode",
"IncompleteRead", "InvalidURL", "ImproperConnectionState",
"CannotSendRequest", "CannotSendHeader", "ResponseNotReady",
"BadStatusLine", "error", "responses"]
HTTP_PORT = 80
HTTPS_PORT = 443
_UNKNOWN = 'UNKNOWN'
# connection states
_CS_IDLE = 'Idle'
_CS_REQ_STARTED = 'Request-started'
_CS_REQ_SENT = 'Request-sent'
# status codes
# informational
CONTINUE = 100
SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS = 101
PROCESSING = 102
# successful
OK = 200
CREATED = 201
ACCEPTED = 202
NON_AUTHORITATIVE_INFORMATION = 203
NO_CONTENT = 204
RESET_CONTENT = 205
PARTIAL_CONTENT = 206
MULTI_STATUS = 207
IM_USED = 226
# redirection
MULTIPLE_CHOICES = 300
MOVED_PERMANENTLY = 301
FOUND = 302
SEE_OTHER = 303
NOT_MODIFIED = 304
USE_PROXY = 305
TEMPORARY_REDIRECT = 307
# client error
BAD_REQUEST = 400
UNAUTHORIZED = 401
PAYMENT_REQUIRED = 402
FORBIDDEN = 403
NOT_FOUND = 404
METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED = 405
NOT_ACCEPTABLE = 406
PROXY_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED = 407
REQUEST_TIMEOUT = 408
CONFLICT = 409
GONE = 410
LENGTH_REQUIRED = 411
PRECONDITION_FAILED = 412
REQUEST_ENTITY_TOO_LARGE = 413
REQUEST_URI_TOO_LONG = 414
UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE = 415
REQUESTED_RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE = 416
EXPECTATION_FAILED = 417
UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY = 422
LOCKED = 423
FAILED_DEPENDENCY = 424
UPGRADE_REQUIRED = 426
PRECONDITION_REQUIRED = 428
TOO_MANY_REQUESTS = 429
REQUEST_HEADER_FIELDS_TOO_LARGE = 431
# server error
INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR = 500
NOT_IMPLEMENTED = 501
BAD_GATEWAY = 502
SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE = 503
GATEWAY_TIMEOUT = 504
HTTP_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED = 505
INSUFFICIENT_STORAGE = 507
NOT_EXTENDED = 510
NETWORK_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED = 511
# Mapping status codes to official W3C names
responses = {
100: 'Continue',
101: 'Switching Protocols',
200: 'OK',
201: 'Created',
202: 'Accepted',
203: 'Non-Authoritative Information',
204: 'No Content',
205: 'Reset Content',
206: 'Partial Content',
300: 'Multiple Choices',
301: 'Moved Permanently',
302: 'Found',
303: 'See Other',
304: 'Not Modified',
305: 'Use Proxy',
306: '(Unused)',
307: 'Temporary Redirect',
400: 'Bad Request',
401: 'Unauthorized',
402: 'Payment Required',
403: 'Forbidden',
404: 'Not Found',
405: 'Method Not Allowed',
406: 'Not Acceptable',
407: 'Proxy Authentication Required',
408: 'Request Timeout',
409: 'Conflict',
410: 'Gone',
411: 'Length Required',
412: 'Precondition Failed',
413: 'Request Entity Too Large',
414: 'Request-URI Too Long',
415: 'Unsupported Media Type',
416: 'Requested Range Not Satisfiable',
417: 'Expectation Failed',
428: 'Precondition Required',
429: 'Too Many Requests',
431: 'Request Header Fields Too Large',
500: 'Internal Server Error',
501: 'Not Implemented',
502: 'Bad Gateway',
503: 'Service Unavailable',
504: 'Gateway Timeout',
505: 'HTTP Version Not Supported',
511: 'Network Authentication Required',
}
# maximal amount of data to read at one time in _safe_read
MAXAMOUNT = 1048576
# maximal line length when calling readline().
_MAXLINE = 65536
class HTTPMessage(email.message.Message):
# XXX The only usage of this method is in
# http.server.CGIHTTPRequestHandler. Maybe move the code there so
# that it doesn't need to be part of the public API. The API has
# never been defined so this could cause backwards compatibility
# issues.
def getallmatchingheaders(self, name):
"""Find all header lines matching a given header name.
Look through the list of headers and find all lines matching a given
header name (and their continuation lines). A list of the lines is
returned, without interpretation. If the header does not occur, an
empty list is returned. If the header occurs multiple times, all
occurrences are returned. Case is not important in the header name.
"""
name = name.lower() + ':'
n = len(name)
lst = []
hit = 0
for line in self.keys():
if line[:n].lower() == name:
hit = 1
elif not line[:1].isspace():
hit = 0
if hit:
lst.append(line)
return lst
def parse_headers(fp, _class=HTTPMessage):
"""Parses only RFC2822 headers from a file pointer.
email Parser wants to see strings rather than bytes.
But a TextIOWrapper around self.rfile would buffer too many bytes
from the stream, bytes which we later need to read as bytes.
So we read the correct bytes here, as bytes, for email Parser
to parse.
"""
headers = []
while True:
line = fp.readline(_MAXLINE + 1)
if len(line) > _MAXLINE:
raise LineTooLong("header line")
headers.append(line)
if line in (b'\r\n', b'\n', b''):
break
hstring = b''.join(headers).decode('iso-8859-1')
return email.parser.Parser(_class=_class).parsestr(hstring)
_strict_sentinel = object()
class HTTPResponse(io.RawIOBase):
# See RFC 2616 sec 19.6 and RFC 1945 sec 6 for details.
# The bytes from the socket object are iso-8859-1 strings.
# See RFC 2616 sec 2.2 which notes an exception for MIME-encoded
# text following RFC 2047. The basic status line parsing only
# accepts iso-8859-1.
def __init__(self, sock, debuglevel=0, strict=_strict_sentinel, method=None, url=None):
# If the response includes a content-length header, we need to
# make sure that the client doesn't read more than the
# specified number of bytes. If it does, it will block until
# the server times out and closes the connection. This will
# happen if a self.fp.read() is done (without a size) whether
# self.fp is buffered or not. So, no self.fp.read() by
# clients unless they know what they are doing.
self.fp = sock.makefile("rb")
self.debuglevel = debuglevel
if strict is not _strict_sentinel:
warnings.warn("the 'strict' argument isn't supported anymore; "
"http.client now always assumes HTTP/1.x compliant servers.",
DeprecationWarning, 2)
self._method = method
# The HTTPResponse object is returned via urllib. The clients
# of http and urllib expect different attributes for the
# headers. headers is used here and supports urllib. msg is
# provided as a backwards compatibility layer for http
# clients.
self.headers = self.msg = None
# from the Status-Line of the response
self.version = _UNKNOWN # HTTP-Version
self.status = _UNKNOWN # Status-Code
self.reason = _UNKNOWN # Reason-Phrase
self.chunked = _UNKNOWN # is "chunked" being used?
self.chunk_left = _UNKNOWN # bytes left to read in current chunk
self.length = _UNKNOWN # number of bytes left in response
self.will_close = _UNKNOWN # conn will close at end of response
def _read_status(self):
line = str(self.fp.readline(_MAXLINE + 1), "iso-8859-1")
if len(line) > _MAXLINE:
raise LineTooLong("status line")
if self.debuglevel > 0:
print("reply:", repr(line))
if not line:
# Presumably, the server closed the connection before
# sending a valid response.
raise BadStatusLine(line)
try:
version, status, reason = line.split(None, 2)
except ValueError:
try:
version, status = line.split(None, 1)
reason = ""
except ValueError:
# empty version will cause next test to fail.
version = ""
if not version.startswith("HTTP/"):
self.close()
raise BadStatusLine(line)
# The status code is a three-digit number
try:
status = int(status)
if status < 100 or status > 999:
raise BadStatusLine(line)
except ValueError:
raise BadStatusLine(line)
return version, status, reason
def begin(self):
if self.headers is not None:
# we've already started reading the response
return
# read until we get a non-100 response
while True:
version, status, reason = self._read_status()
if status != CONTINUE:
break
# skip the header from the 100 response
while True:
skip = self.fp.readline(_MAXLINE + 1)
if len(skip) > _MAXLINE:
raise LineTooLong("header line")
skip = skip.strip()
if not skip:
break
if self.debuglevel > 0:
print("header:", skip)
self.code = self.status = status
self.reason = reason.strip()
if version in ("HTTP/1.0", "HTTP/0.9"):
# Some servers might still return "0.9", treat it as 1.0 anyway
self.version = 10
elif version.startswith("HTTP/1."):
self.version = 11 # use HTTP/1.1 code for HTTP/1.x where x>=1
else:
raise UnknownProtocol(version)
self.headers = self.msg = parse_headers(self.fp)
if self.debuglevel > 0:
for hdr in self.headers:
print("header:", hdr, end=" ")
# are we using the chunked-style of transfer encoding?
tr_enc = self.headers.get("transfer-encoding")
if tr_enc and tr_enc.lower() == "chunked":
self.chunked = True
self.chunk_left = None
else:
self.chunked = False
# will the connection close at the end of the response?
self.will_close = self._check_close()
# do we have a Content-Length?
# NOTE: RFC 2616, S4.4, #3 says we ignore this if tr_enc is "chunked"
self.length = None
length = self.headers.get("content-length")
# are we using the chunked-style of transfer encoding?
tr_enc = self.headers.get("transfer-encoding")
if length and not self.chunked:
try:
self.length = int(length)
except ValueError:
self.length = None
else:
if self.length < 0: # ignore nonsensical negative lengths
self.length = None
else:
self.length = None
# does the body have a fixed length? (of zero)
if (status == NO_CONTENT or status == NOT_MODIFIED or
100 <= status < 200 or # 1xx codes
self._method == "HEAD"):
self.length = 0
# if the connection remains open, and we aren't using chunked, and
# a content-length was not provided, then assume that the connection
# WILL close.
if (not self.will_close and
not self.chunked and
self.length is None):
self.will_close = True
def _check_close(self):
conn = self.headers.get("connection")
if self.version == 11:
# An HTTP/1.1 proxy is assumed to stay open unless
# explicitly closed.
conn = self.headers.get("connection")
if conn and "close" in conn.lower():
return True
return False
# Some HTTP/1.0 implementations have support for persistent
# connections, using rules different than HTTP/1.1.
# For older HTTP, Keep-Alive indicates persistent connection.
if self.headers.get("keep-alive"):
return False
# At least Akamai returns a "Connection: Keep-Alive" header,
# which was supposed to be sent by the client.
if conn and "keep-alive" in conn.lower():
return False
# Proxy-Connection is a netscape hack.
pconn = self.headers.get("proxy-connection")
if pconn and "keep-alive" in pconn.lower():
return False
# otherwise, assume it will close
return True
def close(self):
if self.fp:
self.fp.close()
self.fp = None
# These implementations are for the benefit of io.BufferedReader.
# XXX This class should probably be revised to act more like
# the "raw stream" that BufferedReader expects.
@property
def closed(self):
return self.isclosed()
def flush(self):
self.fp.flush()
def readable(self):
return True
# End of "raw stream" methods
def isclosed(self):
# NOTE: it is possible that we will not ever call self.close(). This
# case occurs when will_close is TRUE, length is None, and we
# read up to the last byte, but NOT past it.
#
# IMPLIES: if will_close is FALSE, then self.close() will ALWAYS be
# called, meaning self.isclosed() is meaningful.
return self.fp is None
def read(self, amt=None):
if self.fp is None:
return b""
if self._method == "HEAD":
self.close()
return b""
if amt is not None:
# Amount is given, so call base class version
# (which is implemented in terms of self.readinto)
return super(HTTPResponse, self).read(amt)
else:
# Amount is not given (unbounded read) so we must check self.length
# and self.chunked
if self.chunked:
return self._readall_chunked()
if self.length is None:
s = self.fp.read()
else:
s = self._safe_read(self.length)
self.length = 0
self.close() # we read everything
return s
def readinto(self, b):
if self.fp is None:
return 0
if self._method == "HEAD":
self.close()
return 0
if self.chunked:
return self._readinto_chunked(b)
if self.length is not None:
if len(b) > self.length:
# clip the read to the "end of response"
b = memoryview(b)[0:self.length]
# we do not use _safe_read() here because this may be a .will_close
# connection, and the user is reading more bytes than will be provided
# (for example, reading in 1k chunks)
n = self.fp.readinto(b)
if self.length is not None:
self.length -= n
if not self.length:
self.close()
else:
if not n:
self.close()
return n
def _read_next_chunk_size(self):
# Read the next chunk size from the file
line = self.fp.readline(_MAXLINE + 1)
if len(line) > _MAXLINE:
raise LineTooLong("chunk size")
i = line.find(b";")
if i >= 0:
line = line[:i] # strip chunk-extensions
try:
return int(line, 16)
except ValueError:
# close the connection as protocol synchronisation is
# probably lost
self.close()
raise
def _read_and_discard_trailer(self):
# read and discard trailer up to the CRLF terminator
### note: we shouldn't have any trailers!
while True:
line = self.fp.readline(_MAXLINE + 1)
if len(line) > _MAXLINE:
raise LineTooLong("trailer line")
if not line:
# a vanishingly small number of sites EOF without
# sending the trailer
break
if line in (b'\r\n', b'\n', b''):
break
def _readall_chunked(self):
assert self.chunked != _UNKNOWN
chunk_left = self.chunk_left
value = []
while True:
if chunk_left is None:
try:
chunk_left = self._read_next_chunk_size()
if chunk_left == 0:
break
except ValueError:
raise IncompleteRead(b''.join(value))
value.append(self._safe_read(chunk_left))
# we read the whole chunk, get another
self._safe_read(2) # toss the CRLF at the end of the chunk
chunk_left = None
self._read_and_discard_trailer()
# we read everything; close the "file"
self.close()
return b''.join(value)
def _readinto_chunked(self, b):
assert self.chunked != _UNKNOWN
chunk_left = self.chunk_left
total_bytes = 0
mvb = memoryview(b)
while True:
if chunk_left is None:
try:
chunk_left = self._read_next_chunk_size()
if chunk_left == 0:
break
except ValueError:
raise IncompleteRead(bytes(b[0:total_bytes]))
if len(mvb) < chunk_left:
n = self._safe_readinto(mvb)
self.chunk_left = chunk_left - n
return total_bytes + n
elif len(mvb) == chunk_left:
n = self._safe_readinto(mvb)
self._safe_read(2) # toss the CRLF at the end of the chunk
self.chunk_left = None
return total_bytes + n
else:
temp_mvb = mvb[0:chunk_left]
n = self._safe_readinto(temp_mvb)
mvb = mvb[n:]
total_bytes += n
# we read the whole chunk, get another
self._safe_read(2) # toss the CRLF at the end of the chunk
chunk_left = None
self._read_and_discard_trailer()
# we read everything; close the "file"
self.close()
return total_bytes
def _safe_read(self, amt):
"""Read the number of bytes requested, compensating for partial reads.
Normally, we have a blocking socket, but a read() can be interrupted
by a signal (resulting in a partial read).
Note that we cannot distinguish between EOF and an interrupt when zero
bytes have been read. IncompleteRead() will be raised in this
situation.
This function should be used when <amt> bytes "should" be present for
reading. If the bytes are truly not available (due to EOF), then the
IncompleteRead exception can be used to detect the problem.
"""
s = []
while amt > 0:
chunk = self.fp.read(min(amt, MAXAMOUNT))
if not chunk:
raise IncompleteRead(b''.join(s), amt)
s.append(chunk)
amt -= len(chunk)
return b"".join(s)
def _safe_readinto(self, b):
"""Same as _safe_read, but for reading into a buffer."""
total_bytes = 0
mvb = memoryview(b)
while total_bytes < len(b):
if MAXAMOUNT < len(mvb):
temp_mvb = mvb[0:MAXAMOUNT]
n = self.fp.readinto(temp_mvb)
else:
n = self.fp.readinto(mvb)
if not n:
raise IncompleteRead(bytes(mvb[0:total_bytes]), len(b))
mvb = mvb[n:]
total_bytes += n
return total_bytes
def fileno(self):
return self.fp.fileno()
def getheader(self, name, default=None):
if self.headers is None:
raise ResponseNotReady()
headers = self.headers.get_all(name) or default
if isinstance(headers, str) or not hasattr(headers, '__iter__'):
return headers
else:
return ', '.join(headers)
def getheaders(self):
"""Return list of (header, value) tuples."""
if self.headers is None:
raise ResponseNotReady()
return list(self.headers.items())
# We override IOBase.__iter__ so that it doesn't check for closed-ness
def __iter__(self):
return self
# For compatibility with old-style urllib responses.
def info(self):
return self.headers
def geturl(self):
return self.url
def getcode(self):
return self.status
class HTTPConnection:
_http_vsn = 11
_http_vsn_str = 'HTTP/1.1'
response_class = HTTPResponse
default_port = HTTP_PORT
auto_open = 1
debuglevel = 0
def __init__(self, host, port=None, strict=_strict_sentinel,
timeout=socket._GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT, source_address=None):
if strict is not _strict_sentinel:
warnings.warn("the 'strict' argument isn't supported anymore; "
"http.client now always assumes HTTP/1.x compliant servers.",
DeprecationWarning, 2)
self.timeout = timeout
self.source_address = source_address
self.sock = None
self._buffer = []
self.__response = None
self.__state = _CS_IDLE
self._method = None
self._tunnel_host = None
self._tunnel_port = None
self._tunnel_headers = {}
self._set_hostport(host, port)
def set_tunnel(self, host, port=None, headers=None):
""" Sets up the host and the port for the HTTP CONNECT Tunnelling.
The headers argument should be a mapping of extra HTTP headers
to send with the CONNECT request.
"""
self._tunnel_host = host
self._tunnel_port = port
if headers:
self._tunnel_headers = headers
else:
self._tunnel_headers.clear()
def _set_hostport(self, host, port):
if port is None:
i = host.rfind(':')
j = host.rfind(']') # ipv6 addresses have [...]
if i > j:
try:
port = int(host[i+1:])
except ValueError:
if host[i+1:] == "": # http://foo.com:/ == http://foo.com/
port = self.default_port
else:
raise InvalidURL("nonnumeric port: '%s'" % host[i+1:])
host = host[:i]
else:
port = self.default_port
if host and host[0] == '[' and host[-1] == ']':
host = host[1:-1]
self.host = host
self.port = port
def set_debuglevel(self, level):
self.debuglevel = level
def _tunnel(self):
self._set_hostport(self._tunnel_host, self._tunnel_port)
connect_str = "CONNECT %s:%d HTTP/1.0\r\n" % (self.host, self.port)
connect_bytes = connect_str.encode("ascii")
self.send(connect_bytes)
for header, value in self._tunnel_headers.items():
header_str = "%s: %s\r\n" % (header, value)
header_bytes = header_str.encode("latin-1")
self.send(header_bytes)
self.send(b'\r\n')
response = self.response_class(self.sock, method=self._method)
(version, code, message) = response._read_status()
if code != 200:
self.close()
raise socket.error("Tunnel connection failed: %d %s" % (code,
message.strip()))
while True:
line = response.fp.readline(_MAXLINE + 1)
if len(line) > _MAXLINE:
raise LineTooLong("header line")
if not line:
# for sites which EOF without sending a trailer
break
if line in (b'\r\n', b'\n', b''):
break
def connect(self):
"""Connect to the host and port specified in __init__."""
self.sock = socket.create_connection((self.host,self.port),
self.timeout, self.source_address)
if self._tunnel_host:
self._tunnel()
def close(self):
"""Close the connection to the HTTP server."""
if self.sock:
self.sock.close() # close it manually... there may be other refs
self.sock = None
if self.__response:
self.__response.close()
self.__response = None
self.__state = _CS_IDLE
def send(self, data):
"""Send `data' to the server.
``data`` can be a string object, a bytes object, an array object, a
file-like object that supports a .read() method, or an iterable object.
"""
if self.sock is None:
if self.auto_open:
self.connect()
else:
raise NotConnected()
if self.debuglevel > 0:
print("send:", repr(data))
blocksize = 8192
if hasattr(data, "read") :
if self.debuglevel > 0:
print("sendIng a read()able")
encode = False
try:
mode = data.mode
except AttributeError:
# io.BytesIO and other file-like objects don't have a `mode`
# attribute.
pass
else:
if "b" not in mode:
encode = True
if self.debuglevel > 0:
print("encoding file using iso-8859-1")
while 1:
datablock = data.read(blocksize)
if not datablock:
break
if encode:
datablock = datablock.encode("iso-8859-1")
self.sock.sendall(datablock)
try:
self.sock.sendall(data)
except TypeError:
if isinstance(data, collections.Iterable):
for d in data:
self.sock.sendall(d)
else:
raise TypeError("data should be a bytes-like object "
"or an iterable, got %r" % type(data))
def _output(self, s):
"""Add a line of output to the current request buffer.
Assumes that the line does *not* end with \\r\\n.
"""
self._buffer.append(s)
def _send_output(self, message_body=None):
"""Send the currently buffered request and clear the buffer.
Appends an extra \\r\\n to the buffer.
A message_body may be specified, to be appended to the request.
"""
self._buffer.extend((b"", b""))
msg = b"\r\n".join(self._buffer)
del self._buffer[:]
# If msg and message_body are sent in a single send() call,
# it will avoid performance problems caused by the interaction
# between delayed ack and the Nagle algorithm.
if isinstance(message_body, bytes):
msg += message_body
message_body = None
self.send(msg)
if message_body is not None:
# message_body was not a string (i.e. it is a file), and
# we must run the risk of Nagle.
self.send(message_body)
def putrequest(self, method, url, skip_host=0, skip_accept_encoding=0):
"""Send a request to the server.
`method' specifies an HTTP request method, e.g. 'GET'.
`url' specifies the object being requested, e.g. '/index.html'.
`skip_host' if True does not add automatically a 'Host:' header
`skip_accept_encoding' if True does not add automatically an
'Accept-Encoding:' header
"""
# if a prior response has been completed, then forget about it.
if self.__response and self.__response.isclosed():
self.__response = None
# in certain cases, we cannot issue another request on this connection.
# this occurs when:
# 1) we are in the process of sending a request. (_CS_REQ_STARTED)
# 2) a response to a previous request has signalled that it is going
# to close the connection upon completion.
# 3) the headers for the previous response have not been read, thus
# we cannot determine whether point (2) is true. (_CS_REQ_SENT)
#
# if there is no prior response, then we can request at will.
#
# if point (2) is true, then we will have passed the socket to the
# response (effectively meaning, "there is no prior response"), and
# will open a new one when a new request is made.
#
# Note: if a prior response exists, then we *can* start a new request.
# We are not allowed to begin fetching the response to this new
# request, however, until that prior response is complete.
#
if self.__state == _CS_IDLE:
self.__state = _CS_REQ_STARTED
else:
raise CannotSendRequest(self.__state)
# Save the method we use, we need it later in the response phase
self._method = method
if not url:
url = '/'
request = '%s %s %s' % (method, url, self._http_vsn_str)
# Non-ASCII characters should have been eliminated earlier
self._output(request.encode('ascii'))
if self._http_vsn == 11:
# Issue some standard headers for better HTTP/1.1 compliance
if not skip_host:
# this header is issued *only* for HTTP/1.1
# connections. more specifically, this means it is
# only issued when the client uses the new
# HTTPConnection() class. backwards-compat clients
# will be using HTTP/1.0 and those clients may be
# issuing this header themselves. we should NOT issue
# it twice; some web servers (such as Apache) barf
# when they see two Host: headers
# If we need a non-standard port,include it in the
# header. If the request is going through a proxy,
# but the host of the actual URL, not the host of the
# proxy.
netloc = ''
if url.startswith('http'):
nil, netloc, nil, nil, nil = urlsplit(url)
if netloc:
try:
netloc_enc = netloc.encode("ascii")
except UnicodeEncodeError:
netloc_enc = netloc.encode("idna")
self.putheader('Host', netloc_enc)
else:
try:
host_enc = self.host.encode("ascii")
except UnicodeEncodeError:
host_enc = self.host.encode("idna")
# As per RFC 273, IPv6 address should be wrapped with []
# when used as Host header
if self.host.find(':') >= 0:
host_enc = b'[' + host_enc + b']'
if self.port == self.default_port:
self.putheader('Host', host_enc)
else:
host_enc = host_enc.decode("ascii")
self.putheader('Host', "%s:%s" % (host_enc, self.port))
# note: we are assuming that clients will not attempt to set these
# headers since *this* library must deal with the
# consequences. this also means that when the supporting
# libraries are updated to recognize other forms, then this
# code should be changed (removed or updated).
# we only want a Content-Encoding of "identity" since we don't
# support encodings such as x-gzip or x-deflate.
if not skip_accept_encoding:
self.putheader('Accept-Encoding', 'identity')
# we can accept "chunked" Transfer-Encodings, but no others
# NOTE: no TE header implies *only* "chunked"
#self.putheader('TE', 'chunked')
# if TE is supplied in the header, then it must appear in a
# Connection header.
#self.putheader('Connection', 'TE')
else:
# For HTTP/1.0, the server will assume "not chunked"
pass
def putheader(self, header, *values):
"""Send a request header line to the server.
For example: h.putheader('Accept', 'text/html')
"""
if self.__state != _CS_REQ_STARTED:
raise CannotSendHeader()
if hasattr(header, 'encode'):
header = header.encode('ascii')
values = list(values)
for i, one_value in enumerate(values):
if hasattr(one_value, 'encode'):
values[i] = one_value.encode('latin-1')
elif isinstance(one_value, int):
values[i] = str(one_value).encode('ascii')
value = b'\r\n\t'.join(values)
header = header + b': ' + value
self._output(header)
def endheaders(self, message_body=None):
"""Indicate that the last header line has been sent to the server.
This method sends the request to the server. The optional message_body
argument can be used to pass a message body associated with the
request. The message body will be sent in the same packet as the
message headers if it is a string, otherwise it is sent as a separate
packet.
"""
if self.__state == _CS_REQ_STARTED:
self.__state = _CS_REQ_SENT
else:
raise CannotSendHeader()
self._send_output(message_body)
def request(self, method, url, body=None, headers={}):
"""Send a complete request to the server."""
self._send_request(method, url, body, headers)
def _set_content_length(self, body):
# Set the content-length based on the body.
thelen = None
try:
thelen = str(len(body))
except TypeError as te:
# If this is a file-like object, try to
# fstat its file descriptor
try:
thelen = str(os.fstat(body.fileno()).st_size)
except (AttributeError, OSError):
# Don't send a length if this failed
if self.debuglevel > 0: print("Cannot stat!!")
if thelen is not None:
self.putheader('Content-Length', thelen)
def _send_request(self, method, url, body, headers):
# Honor explicitly requested Host: and Accept-Encoding: headers.
header_names = dict.fromkeys([k.lower() for k in headers])
skips = {}
if 'host' in header_names:
skips['skip_host'] = 1
if 'accept-encoding' in header_names:
skips['skip_accept_encoding'] = 1
self.putrequest(method, url, **skips)
if body is not None and ('content-length' not in header_names):
self._set_content_length(body)
for hdr, value in headers.items():
self.putheader(hdr, value)
if isinstance(body, str):
# RFC 2616 Section 3.7.1 says that text default has a
# default charset of iso-8859-1.
body = body.encode('iso-8859-1')
self.endheaders(body)
def getresponse(self):
"""Get the response from the server.
If the HTTPConnection is in the correct state, returns an
instance of HTTPResponse or of whatever object is returned by
class the response_class variable.
If a request has not been sent or if a previous response has
not be handled, ResponseNotReady is raised. If the HTTP
response indicates that the connection should be closed, then
it will be closed before the response is returned. When the
connection is closed, the underlying socket is closed.
"""
# if a prior response has been completed, then forget about it.
if self.__response and self.__response.isclosed():
self.__response = None
# if a prior response exists, then it must be completed (otherwise, we
# cannot read this response's header to determine the connection-close
# behavior)
#
# note: if a prior response existed, but was connection-close, then the
# socket and response were made independent of this HTTPConnection
# object since a new request requires that we open a whole new
# connection
#
# this means the prior response had one of two states:
# 1) will_close: this connection was reset and the prior socket and
# response operate independently
# 2) persistent: the response was retained and we await its
# isclosed() status to become true.
#
if self.__state != _CS_REQ_SENT or self.__response:
raise ResponseNotReady(self.__state)
if self.debuglevel > 0:
response = self.response_class(self.sock, self.debuglevel,
method=self._method)
else:
response = self.response_class(self.sock, method=self._method)
response.begin()
assert response.will_close != _UNKNOWN
self.__state = _CS_IDLE
if response.will_close:
# this effectively passes the connection to the response
self.close()
else:
# remember this, so we can tell when it is complete
self.__response = response
return response
try:
import ssl
except ImportError:
pass
else:
class HTTPSConnection(HTTPConnection):
"This class allows communication via SSL."
default_port = HTTPS_PORT
# XXX Should key_file and cert_file be deprecated in favour of context?
def __init__(self, host, port=None, key_file=None, cert_file=None,
strict=_strict_sentinel, timeout=socket._GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT,
source_address=None, *, context=None, check_hostname=None):
super(HTTPSConnection, self).__init__(host, port, strict, timeout,
source_address)
self.key_file = key_file
self.cert_file = cert_file
if context is None:
# Some reasonable defaults
context = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23)
context.options |= ssl.OP_NO_SSLv2
will_verify = context.verify_mode != ssl.CERT_NONE
if check_hostname is None:
check_hostname = will_verify
elif check_hostname and not will_verify:
raise ValueError("check_hostname needs a SSL context with "
"either CERT_OPTIONAL or CERT_REQUIRED")
if key_file or cert_file:
context.load_cert_chain(cert_file, key_file)
self._context = context
self._check_hostname = check_hostname
def connect(self):
"Connect to a host on a given (SSL) port."
sock = socket.create_connection((self.host, self.port),
self.timeout, self.source_address)
if self._tunnel_host:
self.sock = sock
self._tunnel()
server_hostname = self.host if ssl.HAS_SNI else None
self.sock = self._context.wrap_socket(sock,
server_hostname=server_hostname)
try:
if self._check_hostname:
ssl.match_hostname(self.sock.getpeercert(), self.host)
except Exception:
self.sock.shutdown(socket.SHUT_RDWR)
self.sock.close()
raise
__all__.append("HTTPSConnection")
class HTTPException(Exception):
# Subclasses that define an __init__ must call Exception.__init__
# or define self.args. Otherwise, str() will fail.
pass
class NotConnected(HTTPException):
pass
class InvalidURL(HTTPException):
pass
class UnknownProtocol(HTTPException):
def __init__(self, version):
self.args = version,
self.version = version
class UnknownTransferEncoding(HTTPException):
pass
class UnimplementedFileMode(HTTPException):
pass
class IncompleteRead(HTTPException):
def __init__(self, partial, expected=None):
self.args = partial,
self.partial = partial
self.expected = expected
def __repr__(self):
if self.expected is not None:
e = ', %i more expected' % self.expected
else:
e = ''
return 'IncompleteRead(%i bytes read%s)' % (len(self.partial), e)
def __str__(self):
return repr(self)
class ImproperConnectionState(HTTPException):
pass
class CannotSendRequest(ImproperConnectionState):
pass
class CannotSendHeader(ImproperConnectionState):
pass
class ResponseNotReady(ImproperConnectionState):
pass
class BadStatusLine(HTTPException):
def __init__(self, line):
if not line:
line = repr(line)
self.args = line,
self.line = line
class LineTooLong(HTTPException):
def __init__(self, line_type):
HTTPException.__init__(self, "got more than %d bytes when reading %s"
% (_MAXLINE, line_type))
# for backwards compatibility
error = HTTPException
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