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\section{\module{zipfile} ---
Work with ZIP archives}
\declaremodule{standard}{zipfile}
\modulesynopsis{Read and write ZIP-format archive files.}
\moduleauthor{James C. Ahlstrom}{jim@interet.com}
\sectionauthor{James C. Ahlstrom}{jim@interet.com}
% LaTeX markup by Fred L. Drake, Jr. <fdrake@acm.org>
\versionadded{1.6}
The ZIP file format is a common archive and compression standard.
This module provides tools to create, read, write, append, and list a
ZIP file. Any advanced use of this module will require an
understanding of the format, as defined in
\citetitle[http://www.pkware.com/business_and_developers/developer/appnote/]
{PKZIP Application Note}.
This module does not currently handle ZIP files which have appended
comments, or multi-disk ZIP files. It can handle ZIP files that use
the ZIP64 extensions (that is ZIP files that are more than 4 GByte in
size). It supports decryption of encrypted files in ZIP archives, but
it cannot currently create an encrypted file.
The available attributes of this module are:
\begin{excdesc}{error}
The error raised for bad ZIP files.
\end{excdesc}
\begin{excdesc}{LargeZipFile}
The error raised when a ZIP file would require ZIP64 functionality but that
has not been enabled.
\end{excdesc}
\begin{classdesc*}{ZipFile}
The class for reading and writing ZIP files. See
``\citetitle{ZipFile Objects}'' (section \ref{zipfile-objects}) for
constructor details.
\end{classdesc*}
\begin{classdesc*}{PyZipFile}
Class for creating ZIP archives containing Python libraries.
\end{classdesc*}
\begin{classdesc}{ZipInfo}{\optional{filename\optional{, date_time}}}
Class used to represent information about a member of an archive.
Instances of this class are returned by the \method{getinfo()} and
\method{infolist()} methods of \class{ZipFile} objects. Most users
of the \module{zipfile} module will not need to create these, but
only use those created by this module.
\var{filename} should be the full name of the archive member, and
\var{date_time} should be a tuple containing six fields which
describe the time of the last modification to the file; the fields
are described in section \ref{zipinfo-objects}, ``ZipInfo Objects.''
\end{classdesc}
\begin{funcdesc}{is_zipfile}{filename}
Returns \code{True} if \var{filename} is a valid ZIP file based on its magic
number, otherwise returns \code{False}. This module does not currently
handle ZIP files which have appended comments.
\end{funcdesc}
\begin{datadesc}{ZIP_STORED}
The numeric constant for an uncompressed archive member.
\end{datadesc}
\begin{datadesc}{ZIP_DEFLATED}
The numeric constant for the usual ZIP compression method. This
requires the zlib module. No other compression methods are
currently supported.
\end{datadesc}
\begin{seealso}
\seetitle[http://www.pkware.com/business_and_developers/developer/appnote/]
{PKZIP Application Note}{Documentation on the ZIP file format by
Phil Katz, the creator of the format and algorithms used.}
\seetitle[http://www.info-zip.org/pub/infozip/]{Info-ZIP Home Page}{
Information about the Info-ZIP project's ZIP archive
programs and development libraries.}
\end{seealso}
\subsection{ZipFile Objects \label{zipfile-objects}}
\begin{classdesc}{ZipFile}{file\optional{, mode\optional{, compression\optional{, allowZip64}}}}
Open a ZIP file, where \var{file} can be either a path to a file
(a string) or a file-like object. The \var{mode} parameter
should be \code{'r'} to read an existing file, \code{'w'} to
truncate and write a new file, or \code{'a'} to append to an
existing file. For \var{mode} is \code{'a'} and \var{file}
refers to an existing ZIP file, then additional files are added to
it. If \var{file} does not refer to a ZIP file, then a new ZIP
archive is appended to the file. This is meant for adding a ZIP
archive to another file, such as \file{python.exe}. Using
\begin{verbatim}
cat myzip.zip >> python.exe
\end{verbatim}
also works, and at least \program{WinZip} can read such files.
If \var{mode} is \code{a} and the file does not exist at all,
it is created.
\var{compression} is the ZIP compression method to use when writing
the archive, and should be \constant{ZIP_STORED} or
\constant{ZIP_DEFLATED}; unrecognized values will cause
\exception{RuntimeError} to be raised. If \constant{ZIP_DEFLATED}
is specified but the \refmodule{zlib} module is not available,
\exception{RuntimeError} is also raised. The default is
\constant{ZIP_STORED}.
If \var{allowZip64} is \code{True} zipfile will create ZIP files that use
the ZIP64 extensions when the zipfile is larger than 2 GB. If it is
false (the default) \module{zipfile} will raise an exception when the
ZIP file would require ZIP64 extensions. ZIP64 extensions are disabled by
default because the default \program{zip} and \program{unzip} commands on
\UNIX{} (the InfoZIP utilities) don't support these extensions.
\versionchanged[If the file does not exist, it is created if the
mode is 'a']{2.6}
\end{classdesc}
\begin{methoddesc}{close}{}
Close the archive file. You must call \method{close()} before
exiting your program or essential records will not be written.
\end{methoddesc}
\begin{methoddesc}{getinfo}{name}
Return a \class{ZipInfo} object with information about the archive
member \var{name}.
\end{methoddesc}
\begin{methoddesc}{infolist}{}
Return a list containing a \class{ZipInfo} object for each member of
the archive. The objects are in the same order as their entries in
the actual ZIP file on disk if an existing archive was opened.
\end{methoddesc}
\begin{methoddesc}{namelist}{}
Return a list of archive members by name.
\end{methoddesc}
\begin{methoddesc}{printdir}{}
Print a table of contents for the archive to \code{sys.stdout}.
\end{methoddesc}
\begin{methoddesc}{setpassword}{pwd}
Set \var{pwd} as default password to extract encrypted files.
\versionadded{2.6}
\end{methoddesc}
\begin{methoddesc}{read}{name\optional{, pwd}}
Return the bytes of the file in the archive. The archive must be
open for read or append. \var{pwd} is the password used for encrypted
files and, if specified, it will override the default password set with
\method{setpassword()}.
\versionchanged[\var{pwd} was added]{2.6}
\end{methoddesc}
\begin{methoddesc}{testzip}{}
Read all the files in the archive and check their CRC's and file
headers. Return the name of the first bad file, or else return \code{None}.
\end{methoddesc}
\begin{methoddesc}{write}{filename\optional{, arcname\optional{,
compress_type}}}
Write the file named \var{filename} to the archive, giving it the
archive name \var{arcname} (by default, this will be the same as
\var{filename}, but without a drive letter and with leading path
separators removed). If given, \var{compress_type} overrides the
value given for the \var{compression} parameter to the constructor
for the new entry. The archive must be open with mode \code{'w'}
or \code{'a'}.
\note{There is no official file name encoding for ZIP files.
If you have unicode file names, please convert them to byte strings
in your desired encoding before passing them to \method{write()}.
WinZip interprets all file names as encoded in CP437, also known
as DOS Latin.}
\note{Archive names should be relative to the archive root, that is,
they should not start with a path separator.}
\end{methoddesc}
\begin{methoddesc}{writestr}{zinfo_or_arcname, bytes}
Write the string \var{bytes} to the archive; \var{zinfo_or_arcname}
is either the file name it will be given in the archive, or a
\class{ZipInfo} instance. If it's an instance, at least the
filename, date, and time must be given. If it's a name, the date
and time is set to the current date and time. The archive must be
opened with mode \code{'w'} or \code{'a'}.
\end{methoddesc}
The following data attribute is also available:
\begin{memberdesc}{debug}
The level of debug output to use. This may be set from \code{0}
(the default, no output) to \code{3} (the most output). Debugging
information is written to \code{sys.stdout}.
\end{memberdesc}
\subsection{PyZipFile Objects \label{pyzipfile-objects}}
The \class{PyZipFile} constructor takes the same parameters as the
\class{ZipFile} constructor. Instances have one method in addition to
those of \class{ZipFile} objects.
\begin{methoddesc}[PyZipFile]{writepy}{pathname\optional{, basename}}
Search for files \file{*.py} and add the corresponding file to the
archive. The corresponding file is a \file{*.pyo} file if
available, else a \file{*.pyc} file, compiling if necessary. If the
pathname is a file, the filename must end with \file{.py}, and just
the (corresponding \file{*.py[co]}) file is added at the top level
(no path information). If it is a directory, and the directory is
not a package directory, then all the files \file{*.py[co]} are
added at the top level. If the directory is a package directory,
then all \file{*.py[oc]} are added under the package name as a file
path, and if any subdirectories are package directories, all of
these are added recursively. \var{basename} is intended for
internal use only. The \method{writepy()} method makes archives
with file names like this:
\begin{verbatim}
string.pyc # Top level name
test/__init__.pyc # Package directory
test/testall.pyc # Module test.testall
test/bogus/__init__.pyc # Subpackage directory
test/bogus/myfile.pyc # Submodule test.bogus.myfile
\end{verbatim}
\end{methoddesc}
\subsection{ZipInfo Objects \label{zipinfo-objects}}
Instances of the \class{ZipInfo} class are returned by the
\method{getinfo()} and \method{infolist()} methods of
\class{ZipFile} objects. Each object stores information about a
single member of the ZIP archive.
Instances have the following attributes:
\begin{memberdesc}[ZipInfo]{filename}
Name of the file in the archive.
\end{memberdesc}
\begin{memberdesc}[ZipInfo]{date_time}
The time and date of the last modification to the archive
member. This is a tuple of six values:
\begin{tableii}{c|l}{code}{Index}{Value}
\lineii{0}{Year}
\lineii{1}{Month (one-based)}
\lineii{2}{Day of month (one-based)}
\lineii{3}{Hours (zero-based)}
\lineii{4}{Minutes (zero-based)}
\lineii{5}{Seconds (zero-based)}
\end{tableii}
\end{memberdesc}
\begin{memberdesc}[ZipInfo]{compress_type}
Type of compression for the archive member.
\end{memberdesc}
\begin{memberdesc}[ZipInfo]{comment}
Comment for the individual archive member.
\end{memberdesc}
\begin{memberdesc}[ZipInfo]{extra}
Expansion field data. The
\citetitle[http://www.pkware.com/business_and_developers/developer/appnote/]
{PKZIP Application Note} contains some comments on the internal
structure of the data contained in this string.
\end{memberdesc}
\begin{memberdesc}[ZipInfo]{create_system}
System which created ZIP archive.
\end{memberdesc}
\begin{memberdesc}[ZipInfo]{create_version}
PKZIP version which created ZIP archive.
\end{memberdesc}
\begin{memberdesc}[ZipInfo]{extract_version}
PKZIP version needed to extract archive.
\end{memberdesc}
\begin{memberdesc}[ZipInfo]{reserved}
Must be zero.
\end{memberdesc}
\begin{memberdesc}[ZipInfo]{flag_bits}
ZIP flag bits.
\end{memberdesc}
\begin{memberdesc}[ZipInfo]{volume}
Volume number of file header.
\end{memberdesc}
\begin{memberdesc}[ZipInfo]{internal_attr}
Internal attributes.
\end{memberdesc}
\begin{memberdesc}[ZipInfo]{external_attr}
External file attributes.
\end{memberdesc}
\begin{memberdesc}[ZipInfo]{header_offset}
Byte offset to the file header.
\end{memberdesc}
\begin{memberdesc}[ZipInfo]{CRC}
CRC-32 of the uncompressed file.
\end{memberdesc}
\begin{memberdesc}[ZipInfo]{compress_size}
Size of the compressed data.
\end{memberdesc}
\begin{memberdesc}[ZipInfo]{file_size}
Size of the uncompressed file.
\end{memberdesc}
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