mirror of https://github.com/python/cpython
1358 lines
46 KiB
Python
1358 lines
46 KiB
Python
"""Object-oriented filesystem paths.
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This module provides classes to represent abstract paths and concrete
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paths with operations that have semantics appropriate for different
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operating systems.
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"""
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import fnmatch
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import functools
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import io
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import ntpath
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import os
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import posixpath
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import re
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import sys
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import warnings
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from _collections_abc import Sequence
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from errno import ENOENT, ENOTDIR, EBADF, ELOOP
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from operator import attrgetter
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from stat import S_ISDIR, S_ISLNK, S_ISREG, S_ISSOCK, S_ISBLK, S_ISCHR, S_ISFIFO
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from urllib.parse import quote_from_bytes as urlquote_from_bytes
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__all__ = [
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"PurePath", "PurePosixPath", "PureWindowsPath",
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"Path", "PosixPath", "WindowsPath",
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]
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#
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# Internals
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#
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_WINERROR_NOT_READY = 21 # drive exists but is not accessible
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_WINERROR_INVALID_NAME = 123 # fix for bpo-35306
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_WINERROR_CANT_RESOLVE_FILENAME = 1921 # broken symlink pointing to itself
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# EBADF - guard against macOS `stat` throwing EBADF
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_IGNORED_ERRNOS = (ENOENT, ENOTDIR, EBADF, ELOOP)
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_IGNORED_WINERRORS = (
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_WINERROR_NOT_READY,
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_WINERROR_INVALID_NAME,
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_WINERROR_CANT_RESOLVE_FILENAME)
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def _ignore_error(exception):
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return (getattr(exception, 'errno', None) in _IGNORED_ERRNOS or
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getattr(exception, 'winerror', None) in _IGNORED_WINERRORS)
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def _is_wildcard_pattern(pat):
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# Whether this pattern needs actual matching using fnmatch, or can
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# be looked up directly as a file.
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return "*" in pat or "?" in pat or "[" in pat
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class _Flavour(object):
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"""A flavour implements a particular (platform-specific) set of path
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semantics."""
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def __init__(self):
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self.join = self.sep.join
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def parse_parts(self, parts):
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if not parts:
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return '', '', []
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sep = self.sep
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altsep = self.altsep
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path = self.pathmod.join(*parts)
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if altsep:
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path = path.replace(altsep, sep)
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drv, root, rel = self.splitroot(path)
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unfiltered_parsed = [drv + root] + rel.split(sep)
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parsed = [sys.intern(x) for x in unfiltered_parsed if x and x != '.']
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return drv, root, parsed
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def join_parsed_parts(self, drv, root, parts, drv2, root2, parts2):
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"""
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Join the two paths represented by the respective
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(drive, root, parts) tuples. Return a new (drive, root, parts) tuple.
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"""
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if root2:
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if not drv2 and drv:
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return drv, root2, [drv + root2] + parts2[1:]
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elif drv2:
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if drv2 == drv or self.casefold(drv2) == self.casefold(drv):
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# Same drive => second path is relative to the first
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return drv, root, parts + parts2[1:]
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else:
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# Second path is non-anchored (common case)
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return drv, root, parts + parts2
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return drv2, root2, parts2
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class _WindowsFlavour(_Flavour):
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# Reference for Windows paths can be found at
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# http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa365247%28v=vs.85%29.aspx
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sep = '\\'
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altsep = '/'
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has_drv = True
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pathmod = ntpath
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is_supported = (os.name == 'nt')
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reserved_names = (
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{'CON', 'PRN', 'AUX', 'NUL', 'CONIN$', 'CONOUT$'} |
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{'COM%s' % c for c in '123456789\xb9\xb2\xb3'} |
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{'LPT%s' % c for c in '123456789\xb9\xb2\xb3'}
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)
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def splitroot(self, part, sep=sep):
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drv, rest = self.pathmod.splitdrive(part)
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if drv[:1] == sep or rest[:1] == sep:
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return drv, sep, rest.lstrip(sep)
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else:
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return drv, '', rest
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def casefold(self, s):
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return s.lower()
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def casefold_parts(self, parts):
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return [p.lower() for p in parts]
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def compile_pattern(self, pattern):
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return re.compile(fnmatch.translate(pattern), re.IGNORECASE).fullmatch
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def is_reserved(self, parts):
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# NOTE: the rules for reserved names seem somewhat complicated
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# (e.g. r"..\NUL" is reserved but not r"foo\NUL" if "foo" does not
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# exist). We err on the side of caution and return True for paths
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# which are not considered reserved by Windows.
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if not parts:
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return False
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if parts[0].startswith('\\\\'):
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# UNC paths are never reserved
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return False
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name = parts[-1].partition('.')[0].partition(':')[0].rstrip(' ')
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return name.upper() in self.reserved_names
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def make_uri(self, path):
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# Under Windows, file URIs use the UTF-8 encoding.
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drive = path.drive
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if len(drive) == 2 and drive[1] == ':':
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# It's a path on a local drive => 'file:///c:/a/b'
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rest = path.as_posix()[2:].lstrip('/')
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return 'file:///%s/%s' % (
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drive, urlquote_from_bytes(rest.encode('utf-8')))
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else:
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# It's a path on a network drive => 'file://host/share/a/b'
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return 'file:' + urlquote_from_bytes(path.as_posix().encode('utf-8'))
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class _PosixFlavour(_Flavour):
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sep = '/'
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altsep = ''
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has_drv = False
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pathmod = posixpath
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is_supported = (os.name != 'nt')
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def splitroot(self, part, sep=sep):
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if part and part[0] == sep:
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stripped_part = part.lstrip(sep)
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# According to POSIX path resolution:
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# http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/basedefs/xbd_chap04.html#tag_04_11
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# "A pathname that begins with two successive slashes may be
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# interpreted in an implementation-defined manner, although more
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# than two leading slashes shall be treated as a single slash".
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if len(part) - len(stripped_part) == 2:
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return '', sep * 2, stripped_part
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else:
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return '', sep, stripped_part
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else:
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return '', '', part
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def casefold(self, s):
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return s
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def casefold_parts(self, parts):
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return parts
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def compile_pattern(self, pattern):
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return re.compile(fnmatch.translate(pattern)).fullmatch
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def is_reserved(self, parts):
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return False
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def make_uri(self, path):
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# We represent the path using the local filesystem encoding,
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# for portability to other applications.
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bpath = bytes(path)
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return 'file://' + urlquote_from_bytes(bpath)
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_windows_flavour = _WindowsFlavour()
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_posix_flavour = _PosixFlavour()
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#
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# Globbing helpers
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#
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@functools.lru_cache()
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def _make_selector(pattern_parts, flavour):
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pat = pattern_parts[0]
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child_parts = pattern_parts[1:]
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if not pat:
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return _TerminatingSelector()
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if pat == '**':
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cls = _RecursiveWildcardSelector
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elif '**' in pat:
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raise ValueError("Invalid pattern: '**' can only be an entire path component")
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elif _is_wildcard_pattern(pat):
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cls = _WildcardSelector
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else:
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cls = _PreciseSelector
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return cls(pat, child_parts, flavour)
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class _Selector:
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"""A selector matches a specific glob pattern part against the children
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of a given path."""
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def __init__(self, child_parts, flavour):
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self.child_parts = child_parts
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if child_parts:
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self.successor = _make_selector(child_parts, flavour)
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self.dironly = True
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else:
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self.successor = _TerminatingSelector()
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self.dironly = False
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def select_from(self, parent_path):
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"""Iterate over all child paths of `parent_path` matched by this
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selector. This can contain parent_path itself."""
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path_cls = type(parent_path)
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is_dir = path_cls.is_dir
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exists = path_cls.exists
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scandir = path_cls._scandir
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if not is_dir(parent_path):
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return iter([])
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return self._select_from(parent_path, is_dir, exists, scandir)
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class _TerminatingSelector:
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def _select_from(self, parent_path, is_dir, exists, scandir):
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yield parent_path
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class _PreciseSelector(_Selector):
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def __init__(self, name, child_parts, flavour):
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self.name = name
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_Selector.__init__(self, child_parts, flavour)
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def _select_from(self, parent_path, is_dir, exists, scandir):
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try:
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path = parent_path._make_child_relpath(self.name)
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if (is_dir if self.dironly else exists)(path):
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for p in self.successor._select_from(path, is_dir, exists, scandir):
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yield p
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except PermissionError:
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return
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class _WildcardSelector(_Selector):
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def __init__(self, pat, child_parts, flavour):
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self.match = flavour.compile_pattern(pat)
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_Selector.__init__(self, child_parts, flavour)
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def _select_from(self, parent_path, is_dir, exists, scandir):
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try:
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# We must close the scandir() object before proceeding to
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# avoid exhausting file descriptors when globbing deep trees.
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with scandir(parent_path) as scandir_it:
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entries = list(scandir_it)
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for entry in entries:
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if self.dironly:
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try:
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# "entry.is_dir()" can raise PermissionError
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# in some cases (see bpo-38894), which is not
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# among the errors ignored by _ignore_error()
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if not entry.is_dir():
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continue
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except OSError as e:
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if not _ignore_error(e):
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raise
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continue
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name = entry.name
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if self.match(name):
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path = parent_path._make_child_relpath(name)
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for p in self.successor._select_from(path, is_dir, exists, scandir):
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yield p
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except PermissionError:
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return
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class _RecursiveWildcardSelector(_Selector):
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def __init__(self, pat, child_parts, flavour):
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_Selector.__init__(self, child_parts, flavour)
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def _iterate_directories(self, parent_path, is_dir, scandir):
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yield parent_path
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try:
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# We must close the scandir() object before proceeding to
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# avoid exhausting file descriptors when globbing deep trees.
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with scandir(parent_path) as scandir_it:
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entries = list(scandir_it)
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for entry in entries:
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entry_is_dir = False
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try:
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entry_is_dir = entry.is_dir()
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except OSError as e:
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if not _ignore_error(e):
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raise
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if entry_is_dir and not entry.is_symlink():
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path = parent_path._make_child_relpath(entry.name)
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for p in self._iterate_directories(path, is_dir, scandir):
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yield p
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except PermissionError:
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return
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def _select_from(self, parent_path, is_dir, exists, scandir):
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try:
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yielded = set()
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try:
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successor_select = self.successor._select_from
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for starting_point in self._iterate_directories(parent_path, is_dir, scandir):
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for p in successor_select(starting_point, is_dir, exists, scandir):
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if p not in yielded:
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yield p
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yielded.add(p)
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finally:
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yielded.clear()
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except PermissionError:
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return
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#
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# Public API
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#
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class _PathParents(Sequence):
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"""This object provides sequence-like access to the logical ancestors
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of a path. Don't try to construct it yourself."""
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__slots__ = ('_pathcls', '_drv', '_root', '_parts')
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def __init__(self, path):
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# We don't store the instance to avoid reference cycles
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self._pathcls = type(path)
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self._drv = path._drv
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self._root = path._root
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self._parts = path._parts
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def __len__(self):
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if self._drv or self._root:
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return len(self._parts) - 1
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else:
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return len(self._parts)
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def __getitem__(self, idx):
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if isinstance(idx, slice):
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return tuple(self[i] for i in range(*idx.indices(len(self))))
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if idx >= len(self) or idx < -len(self):
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raise IndexError(idx)
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if idx < 0:
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idx += len(self)
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return self._pathcls._from_parsed_parts(self._drv, self._root,
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self._parts[:-idx - 1])
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def __repr__(self):
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return "<{}.parents>".format(self._pathcls.__name__)
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class PurePath(object):
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"""Base class for manipulating paths without I/O.
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PurePath represents a filesystem path and offers operations which
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don't imply any actual filesystem I/O. Depending on your system,
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instantiating a PurePath will return either a PurePosixPath or a
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PureWindowsPath object. You can also instantiate either of these classes
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directly, regardless of your system.
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"""
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__slots__ = (
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'_drv', '_root', '_parts',
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'_str', '_hash', '_pparts', '_cached_cparts',
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)
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def __new__(cls, *args):
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"""Construct a PurePath from one or several strings and or existing
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PurePath objects. The strings and path objects are combined so as
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to yield a canonicalized path, which is incorporated into the
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new PurePath object.
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"""
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if cls is PurePath:
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cls = PureWindowsPath if os.name == 'nt' else PurePosixPath
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return cls._from_parts(args)
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def __reduce__(self):
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# Using the parts tuple helps share interned path parts
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# when pickling related paths.
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return (self.__class__, tuple(self._parts))
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@classmethod
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def _parse_args(cls, args):
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# This is useful when you don't want to create an instance, just
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# canonicalize some constructor arguments.
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parts = []
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for a in args:
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if isinstance(a, PurePath):
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parts += a._parts
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else:
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a = os.fspath(a)
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if isinstance(a, str):
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# Force-cast str subclasses to str (issue #21127)
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parts.append(str(a))
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else:
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raise TypeError(
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"argument should be a str object or an os.PathLike "
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"object returning str, not %r"
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% type(a))
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return cls._flavour.parse_parts(parts)
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@classmethod
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def _from_parts(cls, args):
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# We need to call _parse_args on the instance, so as to get the
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# right flavour.
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self = object.__new__(cls)
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drv, root, parts = self._parse_args(args)
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self._drv = drv
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self._root = root
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self._parts = parts
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return self
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@classmethod
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def _from_parsed_parts(cls, drv, root, parts):
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self = object.__new__(cls)
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self._drv = drv
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self._root = root
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self._parts = parts
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return self
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@classmethod
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def _format_parsed_parts(cls, drv, root, parts):
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if drv or root:
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return drv + root + cls._flavour.join(parts[1:])
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else:
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return cls._flavour.join(parts)
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def _make_child(self, args):
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drv, root, parts = self._parse_args(args)
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drv, root, parts = self._flavour.join_parsed_parts(
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self._drv, self._root, self._parts, drv, root, parts)
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return self._from_parsed_parts(drv, root, parts)
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def __str__(self):
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"""Return the string representation of the path, suitable for
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passing to system calls."""
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try:
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return self._str
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except AttributeError:
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self._str = self._format_parsed_parts(self._drv, self._root,
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self._parts) or '.'
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return self._str
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def __fspath__(self):
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return str(self)
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def as_posix(self):
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"""Return the string representation of the path with forward (/)
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slashes."""
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f = self._flavour
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return str(self).replace(f.sep, '/')
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def __bytes__(self):
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"""Return the bytes representation of the path. This is only
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recommended to use under Unix."""
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return os.fsencode(self)
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def __repr__(self):
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return "{}({!r})".format(self.__class__.__name__, self.as_posix())
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def as_uri(self):
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"""Return the path as a 'file' URI."""
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if not self.is_absolute():
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raise ValueError("relative path can't be expressed as a file URI")
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return self._flavour.make_uri(self)
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|
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@property
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def _cparts(self):
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# Cached casefolded parts, for hashing and comparison
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try:
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return self._cached_cparts
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except AttributeError:
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self._cached_cparts = self._flavour.casefold_parts(self._parts)
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return self._cached_cparts
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def __eq__(self, other):
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if not isinstance(other, PurePath):
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return NotImplemented
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return self._cparts == other._cparts and self._flavour is other._flavour
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def __hash__(self):
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try:
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return self._hash
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except AttributeError:
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self._hash = hash(tuple(self._cparts))
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return self._hash
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def __lt__(self, other):
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if not isinstance(other, PurePath) or self._flavour is not other._flavour:
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return NotImplemented
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return self._cparts < other._cparts
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def __le__(self, other):
|
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if not isinstance(other, PurePath) or self._flavour is not other._flavour:
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return NotImplemented
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return self._cparts <= other._cparts
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|
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def __gt__(self, other):
|
|
if not isinstance(other, PurePath) or self._flavour is not other._flavour:
|
|
return NotImplemented
|
|
return self._cparts > other._cparts
|
|
|
|
def __ge__(self, other):
|
|
if not isinstance(other, PurePath) or self._flavour is not other._flavour:
|
|
return NotImplemented
|
|
return self._cparts >= other._cparts
|
|
|
|
drive = property(attrgetter('_drv'),
|
|
doc="""The drive prefix (letter or UNC path), if any.""")
|
|
|
|
root = property(attrgetter('_root'),
|
|
doc="""The root of the path, if any.""")
|
|
|
|
@property
|
|
def anchor(self):
|
|
"""The concatenation of the drive and root, or ''."""
|
|
anchor = self._drv + self._root
|
|
return anchor
|
|
|
|
@property
|
|
def name(self):
|
|
"""The final path component, if any."""
|
|
parts = self._parts
|
|
if len(parts) == (1 if (self._drv or self._root) else 0):
|
|
return ''
|
|
return parts[-1]
|
|
|
|
@property
|
|
def suffix(self):
|
|
"""
|
|
The final component's last suffix, if any.
|
|
|
|
This includes the leading period. For example: '.txt'
|
|
"""
|
|
name = self.name
|
|
i = name.rfind('.')
|
|
if 0 < i < len(name) - 1:
|
|
return name[i:]
|
|
else:
|
|
return ''
|
|
|
|
@property
|
|
def suffixes(self):
|
|
"""
|
|
A list of the final component's suffixes, if any.
|
|
|
|
These include the leading periods. For example: ['.tar', '.gz']
|
|
"""
|
|
name = self.name
|
|
if name.endswith('.'):
|
|
return []
|
|
name = name.lstrip('.')
|
|
return ['.' + suffix for suffix in name.split('.')[1:]]
|
|
|
|
@property
|
|
def stem(self):
|
|
"""The final path component, minus its last suffix."""
|
|
name = self.name
|
|
i = name.rfind('.')
|
|
if 0 < i < len(name) - 1:
|
|
return name[:i]
|
|
else:
|
|
return name
|
|
|
|
def with_name(self, name):
|
|
"""Return a new path with the file name changed."""
|
|
if not self.name:
|
|
raise ValueError("%r has an empty name" % (self,))
|
|
drv, root, parts = self._flavour.parse_parts((name,))
|
|
if (not name or name[-1] in [self._flavour.sep, self._flavour.altsep]
|
|
or drv or root or len(parts) != 1):
|
|
raise ValueError("Invalid name %r" % (name))
|
|
return self._from_parsed_parts(self._drv, self._root,
|
|
self._parts[:-1] + [name])
|
|
|
|
def with_stem(self, stem):
|
|
"""Return a new path with the stem changed."""
|
|
return self.with_name(stem + self.suffix)
|
|
|
|
def with_suffix(self, suffix):
|
|
"""Return a new path with the file suffix changed. If the path
|
|
has no suffix, add given suffix. If the given suffix is an empty
|
|
string, remove the suffix from the path.
|
|
"""
|
|
f = self._flavour
|
|
if f.sep in suffix or f.altsep and f.altsep in suffix:
|
|
raise ValueError("Invalid suffix %r" % (suffix,))
|
|
if suffix and not suffix.startswith('.') or suffix == '.':
|
|
raise ValueError("Invalid suffix %r" % (suffix))
|
|
name = self.name
|
|
if not name:
|
|
raise ValueError("%r has an empty name" % (self,))
|
|
old_suffix = self.suffix
|
|
if not old_suffix:
|
|
name = name + suffix
|
|
else:
|
|
name = name[:-len(old_suffix)] + suffix
|
|
return self._from_parsed_parts(self._drv, self._root,
|
|
self._parts[:-1] + [name])
|
|
|
|
def relative_to(self, *other, walk_up=False):
|
|
"""Return the relative path to another path identified by the passed
|
|
arguments. If the operation is not possible (because this is not
|
|
related to the other path), raise ValueError.
|
|
|
|
The *walk_up* parameter controls whether `..` may be used to resolve
|
|
the path.
|
|
"""
|
|
# For the purpose of this method, drive and root are considered
|
|
# separate parts, i.e.:
|
|
# Path('c:/').relative_to('c:') gives Path('/')
|
|
# Path('c:/').relative_to('/') raise ValueError
|
|
if not other:
|
|
raise TypeError("need at least one argument")
|
|
parts = self._parts
|
|
drv = self._drv
|
|
root = self._root
|
|
if root:
|
|
abs_parts = [drv, root] + parts[1:]
|
|
else:
|
|
abs_parts = parts
|
|
other_drv, other_root, other_parts = self._parse_args(other)
|
|
if other_root:
|
|
other_abs_parts = [other_drv, other_root] + other_parts[1:]
|
|
else:
|
|
other_abs_parts = other_parts
|
|
num_parts = len(other_abs_parts)
|
|
casefold = self._flavour.casefold_parts
|
|
num_common_parts = 0
|
|
for part, other_part in zip(casefold(abs_parts), casefold(other_abs_parts)):
|
|
if part != other_part:
|
|
break
|
|
num_common_parts += 1
|
|
if walk_up:
|
|
failure = root != other_root
|
|
if drv or other_drv:
|
|
failure = casefold([drv]) != casefold([other_drv]) or (failure and num_parts > 1)
|
|
error_message = "{!r} is not on the same drive as {!r}"
|
|
up_parts = (num_parts-num_common_parts)*['..']
|
|
else:
|
|
failure = (root or drv) if num_parts == 0 else num_common_parts != num_parts
|
|
error_message = "{!r} is not in the subpath of {!r}"
|
|
up_parts = []
|
|
error_message += " OR one path is relative and the other is absolute."
|
|
if failure:
|
|
formatted = self._format_parsed_parts(other_drv, other_root, other_parts)
|
|
raise ValueError(error_message.format(str(self), str(formatted)))
|
|
path_parts = up_parts + abs_parts[num_common_parts:]
|
|
new_root = root if num_common_parts == 1 else ''
|
|
return self._from_parsed_parts('', new_root, path_parts)
|
|
|
|
def is_relative_to(self, *other):
|
|
"""Return True if the path is relative to another path or False.
|
|
"""
|
|
try:
|
|
self.relative_to(*other)
|
|
return True
|
|
except ValueError:
|
|
return False
|
|
|
|
@property
|
|
def parts(self):
|
|
"""An object providing sequence-like access to the
|
|
components in the filesystem path."""
|
|
# We cache the tuple to avoid building a new one each time .parts
|
|
# is accessed. XXX is this necessary?
|
|
try:
|
|
return self._pparts
|
|
except AttributeError:
|
|
self._pparts = tuple(self._parts)
|
|
return self._pparts
|
|
|
|
def joinpath(self, *args):
|
|
"""Combine this path with one or several arguments, and return a
|
|
new path representing either a subpath (if all arguments are relative
|
|
paths) or a totally different path (if one of the arguments is
|
|
anchored).
|
|
"""
|
|
return self._make_child(args)
|
|
|
|
def __truediv__(self, key):
|
|
try:
|
|
return self._make_child((key,))
|
|
except TypeError:
|
|
return NotImplemented
|
|
|
|
def __rtruediv__(self, key):
|
|
try:
|
|
return self._from_parts([key] + self._parts)
|
|
except TypeError:
|
|
return NotImplemented
|
|
|
|
@property
|
|
def parent(self):
|
|
"""The logical parent of the path."""
|
|
drv = self._drv
|
|
root = self._root
|
|
parts = self._parts
|
|
if len(parts) == 1 and (drv or root):
|
|
return self
|
|
return self._from_parsed_parts(drv, root, parts[:-1])
|
|
|
|
@property
|
|
def parents(self):
|
|
"""A sequence of this path's logical parents."""
|
|
return _PathParents(self)
|
|
|
|
def is_absolute(self):
|
|
"""True if the path is absolute (has both a root and, if applicable,
|
|
a drive)."""
|
|
if not self._root:
|
|
return False
|
|
return not self._flavour.has_drv or bool(self._drv)
|
|
|
|
def is_reserved(self):
|
|
"""Return True if the path contains one of the special names reserved
|
|
by the system, if any."""
|
|
return self._flavour.is_reserved(self._parts)
|
|
|
|
def match(self, path_pattern):
|
|
"""
|
|
Return True if this path matches the given pattern.
|
|
"""
|
|
cf = self._flavour.casefold
|
|
path_pattern = cf(path_pattern)
|
|
drv, root, pat_parts = self._flavour.parse_parts((path_pattern,))
|
|
if not pat_parts:
|
|
raise ValueError("empty pattern")
|
|
if drv and drv != cf(self._drv):
|
|
return False
|
|
if root and root != cf(self._root):
|
|
return False
|
|
parts = self._cparts
|
|
if drv or root:
|
|
if len(pat_parts) != len(parts):
|
|
return False
|
|
pat_parts = pat_parts[1:]
|
|
elif len(pat_parts) > len(parts):
|
|
return False
|
|
for part, pat in zip(reversed(parts), reversed(pat_parts)):
|
|
if not fnmatch.fnmatchcase(part, pat):
|
|
return False
|
|
return True
|
|
|
|
# Can't subclass os.PathLike from PurePath and keep the constructor
|
|
# optimizations in PurePath._parse_args().
|
|
os.PathLike.register(PurePath)
|
|
|
|
|
|
class PurePosixPath(PurePath):
|
|
"""PurePath subclass for non-Windows systems.
|
|
|
|
On a POSIX system, instantiating a PurePath should return this object.
|
|
However, you can also instantiate it directly on any system.
|
|
"""
|
|
_flavour = _posix_flavour
|
|
__slots__ = ()
|
|
|
|
|
|
class PureWindowsPath(PurePath):
|
|
"""PurePath subclass for Windows systems.
|
|
|
|
On a Windows system, instantiating a PurePath should return this object.
|
|
However, you can also instantiate it directly on any system.
|
|
"""
|
|
_flavour = _windows_flavour
|
|
__slots__ = ()
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Filesystem-accessing classes
|
|
|
|
|
|
class Path(PurePath):
|
|
"""PurePath subclass that can make system calls.
|
|
|
|
Path represents a filesystem path but unlike PurePath, also offers
|
|
methods to do system calls on path objects. Depending on your system,
|
|
instantiating a Path will return either a PosixPath or a WindowsPath
|
|
object. You can also instantiate a PosixPath or WindowsPath directly,
|
|
but cannot instantiate a WindowsPath on a POSIX system or vice versa.
|
|
"""
|
|
__slots__ = ()
|
|
|
|
def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
|
|
if cls is Path:
|
|
cls = WindowsPath if os.name == 'nt' else PosixPath
|
|
self = cls._from_parts(args)
|
|
if not self._flavour.is_supported:
|
|
raise NotImplementedError("cannot instantiate %r on your system"
|
|
% (cls.__name__,))
|
|
return self
|
|
|
|
def _make_child_relpath(self, part):
|
|
# This is an optimization used for dir walking. `part` must be
|
|
# a single part relative to this path.
|
|
parts = self._parts + [part]
|
|
return self._from_parsed_parts(self._drv, self._root, parts)
|
|
|
|
def __enter__(self):
|
|
# In previous versions of pathlib, __exit__() marked this path as
|
|
# closed; subsequent attempts to perform I/O would raise an IOError.
|
|
# This functionality was never documented, and had the effect of
|
|
# making Path objects mutable, contrary to PEP 428.
|
|
# In Python 3.9 __exit__() was made a no-op.
|
|
# In Python 3.11 __enter__() began emitting DeprecationWarning.
|
|
# In Python 3.13 __enter__() and __exit__() should be removed.
|
|
warnings.warn("pathlib.Path.__enter__() is deprecated and scheduled "
|
|
"for removal in Python 3.13; Path objects as a context "
|
|
"manager is a no-op",
|
|
DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
|
|
return self
|
|
|
|
def __exit__(self, t, v, tb):
|
|
pass
|
|
|
|
# Public API
|
|
|
|
@classmethod
|
|
def cwd(cls):
|
|
"""Return a new path pointing to the current working directory
|
|
(as returned by os.getcwd()).
|
|
"""
|
|
return cls(os.getcwd())
|
|
|
|
@classmethod
|
|
def home(cls):
|
|
"""Return a new path pointing to the user's home directory (as
|
|
returned by os.path.expanduser('~')).
|
|
"""
|
|
return cls("~").expanduser()
|
|
|
|
def samefile(self, other_path):
|
|
"""Return whether other_path is the same or not as this file
|
|
(as returned by os.path.samefile()).
|
|
"""
|
|
st = self.stat()
|
|
try:
|
|
other_st = other_path.stat()
|
|
except AttributeError:
|
|
other_st = self.__class__(other_path).stat()
|
|
return os.path.samestat(st, other_st)
|
|
|
|
def iterdir(self):
|
|
"""Iterate over the files in this directory. Does not yield any
|
|
result for the special paths '.' and '..'.
|
|
"""
|
|
for name in os.listdir(self):
|
|
yield self._make_child_relpath(name)
|
|
|
|
def _scandir(self):
|
|
# bpo-24132: a future version of pathlib will support subclassing of
|
|
# pathlib.Path to customize how the filesystem is accessed. This
|
|
# includes scandir(), which is used to implement glob().
|
|
return os.scandir(self)
|
|
|
|
def glob(self, pattern):
|
|
"""Iterate over this subtree and yield all existing files (of any
|
|
kind, including directories) matching the given relative pattern.
|
|
"""
|
|
sys.audit("pathlib.Path.glob", self, pattern)
|
|
if not pattern:
|
|
raise ValueError("Unacceptable pattern: {!r}".format(pattern))
|
|
drv, root, pattern_parts = self._flavour.parse_parts((pattern,))
|
|
if drv or root:
|
|
raise NotImplementedError("Non-relative patterns are unsupported")
|
|
if pattern[-1] in (self._flavour.sep, self._flavour.altsep):
|
|
pattern_parts.append('')
|
|
selector = _make_selector(tuple(pattern_parts), self._flavour)
|
|
for p in selector.select_from(self):
|
|
yield p
|
|
|
|
def rglob(self, pattern):
|
|
"""Recursively yield all existing files (of any kind, including
|
|
directories) matching the given relative pattern, anywhere in
|
|
this subtree.
|
|
"""
|
|
sys.audit("pathlib.Path.rglob", self, pattern)
|
|
drv, root, pattern_parts = self._flavour.parse_parts((pattern,))
|
|
if drv or root:
|
|
raise NotImplementedError("Non-relative patterns are unsupported")
|
|
if pattern and pattern[-1] in (self._flavour.sep, self._flavour.altsep):
|
|
pattern_parts.append('')
|
|
selector = _make_selector(("**",) + tuple(pattern_parts), self._flavour)
|
|
for p in selector.select_from(self):
|
|
yield p
|
|
|
|
def absolute(self):
|
|
"""Return an absolute version of this path by prepending the current
|
|
working directory. No normalization or symlink resolution is performed.
|
|
|
|
Use resolve() to get the canonical path to a file.
|
|
"""
|
|
if self.is_absolute():
|
|
return self
|
|
return self._from_parts([self.cwd()] + self._parts)
|
|
|
|
def resolve(self, strict=False):
|
|
"""
|
|
Make the path absolute, resolving all symlinks on the way and also
|
|
normalizing it.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
def check_eloop(e):
|
|
winerror = getattr(e, 'winerror', 0)
|
|
if e.errno == ELOOP or winerror == _WINERROR_CANT_RESOLVE_FILENAME:
|
|
raise RuntimeError("Symlink loop from %r" % e.filename)
|
|
|
|
try:
|
|
s = os.path.realpath(self, strict=strict)
|
|
except OSError as e:
|
|
check_eloop(e)
|
|
raise
|
|
p = self._from_parts((s,))
|
|
|
|
# In non-strict mode, realpath() doesn't raise on symlink loops.
|
|
# Ensure we get an exception by calling stat()
|
|
if not strict:
|
|
try:
|
|
p.stat()
|
|
except OSError as e:
|
|
check_eloop(e)
|
|
return p
|
|
|
|
def stat(self, *, follow_symlinks=True):
|
|
"""
|
|
Return the result of the stat() system call on this path, like
|
|
os.stat() does.
|
|
"""
|
|
return os.stat(self, follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks)
|
|
|
|
def owner(self):
|
|
"""
|
|
Return the login name of the file owner.
|
|
"""
|
|
try:
|
|
import pwd
|
|
return pwd.getpwuid(self.stat().st_uid).pw_name
|
|
except ImportError:
|
|
raise NotImplementedError("Path.owner() is unsupported on this system")
|
|
|
|
def group(self):
|
|
"""
|
|
Return the group name of the file gid.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
try:
|
|
import grp
|
|
return grp.getgrgid(self.stat().st_gid).gr_name
|
|
except ImportError:
|
|
raise NotImplementedError("Path.group() is unsupported on this system")
|
|
|
|
def open(self, mode='r', buffering=-1, encoding=None,
|
|
errors=None, newline=None):
|
|
"""
|
|
Open the file pointed by this path and return a file object, as
|
|
the built-in open() function does.
|
|
"""
|
|
if "b" not in mode:
|
|
encoding = io.text_encoding(encoding)
|
|
return io.open(self, mode, buffering, encoding, errors, newline)
|
|
|
|
def read_bytes(self):
|
|
"""
|
|
Open the file in bytes mode, read it, and close the file.
|
|
"""
|
|
with self.open(mode='rb') as f:
|
|
return f.read()
|
|
|
|
def read_text(self, encoding=None, errors=None):
|
|
"""
|
|
Open the file in text mode, read it, and close the file.
|
|
"""
|
|
encoding = io.text_encoding(encoding)
|
|
with self.open(mode='r', encoding=encoding, errors=errors) as f:
|
|
return f.read()
|
|
|
|
def write_bytes(self, data):
|
|
"""
|
|
Open the file in bytes mode, write to it, and close the file.
|
|
"""
|
|
# type-check for the buffer interface before truncating the file
|
|
view = memoryview(data)
|
|
with self.open(mode='wb') as f:
|
|
return f.write(view)
|
|
|
|
def write_text(self, data, encoding=None, errors=None, newline=None):
|
|
"""
|
|
Open the file in text mode, write to it, and close the file.
|
|
"""
|
|
if not isinstance(data, str):
|
|
raise TypeError('data must be str, not %s' %
|
|
data.__class__.__name__)
|
|
encoding = io.text_encoding(encoding)
|
|
with self.open(mode='w', encoding=encoding, errors=errors, newline=newline) as f:
|
|
return f.write(data)
|
|
|
|
def readlink(self):
|
|
"""
|
|
Return the path to which the symbolic link points.
|
|
"""
|
|
if not hasattr(os, "readlink"):
|
|
raise NotImplementedError("os.readlink() not available on this system")
|
|
return self._from_parts((os.readlink(self),))
|
|
|
|
def touch(self, mode=0o666, exist_ok=True):
|
|
"""
|
|
Create this file with the given access mode, if it doesn't exist.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
if exist_ok:
|
|
# First try to bump modification time
|
|
# Implementation note: GNU touch uses the UTIME_NOW option of
|
|
# the utimensat() / futimens() functions.
|
|
try:
|
|
os.utime(self, None)
|
|
except OSError:
|
|
# Avoid exception chaining
|
|
pass
|
|
else:
|
|
return
|
|
flags = os.O_CREAT | os.O_WRONLY
|
|
if not exist_ok:
|
|
flags |= os.O_EXCL
|
|
fd = os.open(self, flags, mode)
|
|
os.close(fd)
|
|
|
|
def mkdir(self, mode=0o777, parents=False, exist_ok=False):
|
|
"""
|
|
Create a new directory at this given path.
|
|
"""
|
|
try:
|
|
os.mkdir(self, mode)
|
|
except FileNotFoundError:
|
|
if not parents or self.parent == self:
|
|
raise
|
|
self.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
|
|
self.mkdir(mode, parents=False, exist_ok=exist_ok)
|
|
except OSError:
|
|
# Cannot rely on checking for EEXIST, since the operating system
|
|
# could give priority to other errors like EACCES or EROFS
|
|
if not exist_ok or not self.is_dir():
|
|
raise
|
|
|
|
def chmod(self, mode, *, follow_symlinks=True):
|
|
"""
|
|
Change the permissions of the path, like os.chmod().
|
|
"""
|
|
os.chmod(self, mode, follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks)
|
|
|
|
def lchmod(self, mode):
|
|
"""
|
|
Like chmod(), except if the path points to a symlink, the symlink's
|
|
permissions are changed, rather than its target's.
|
|
"""
|
|
self.chmod(mode, follow_symlinks=False)
|
|
|
|
def unlink(self, missing_ok=False):
|
|
"""
|
|
Remove this file or link.
|
|
If the path is a directory, use rmdir() instead.
|
|
"""
|
|
try:
|
|
os.unlink(self)
|
|
except FileNotFoundError:
|
|
if not missing_ok:
|
|
raise
|
|
|
|
def rmdir(self):
|
|
"""
|
|
Remove this directory. The directory must be empty.
|
|
"""
|
|
os.rmdir(self)
|
|
|
|
def lstat(self):
|
|
"""
|
|
Like stat(), except if the path points to a symlink, the symlink's
|
|
status information is returned, rather than its target's.
|
|
"""
|
|
return self.stat(follow_symlinks=False)
|
|
|
|
def rename(self, target):
|
|
"""
|
|
Rename this path to the target path.
|
|
|
|
The target path may be absolute or relative. Relative paths are
|
|
interpreted relative to the current working directory, *not* the
|
|
directory of the Path object.
|
|
|
|
Returns the new Path instance pointing to the target path.
|
|
"""
|
|
os.rename(self, target)
|
|
return self.__class__(target)
|
|
|
|
def replace(self, target):
|
|
"""
|
|
Rename this path to the target path, overwriting if that path exists.
|
|
|
|
The target path may be absolute or relative. Relative paths are
|
|
interpreted relative to the current working directory, *not* the
|
|
directory of the Path object.
|
|
|
|
Returns the new Path instance pointing to the target path.
|
|
"""
|
|
os.replace(self, target)
|
|
return self.__class__(target)
|
|
|
|
def symlink_to(self, target, target_is_directory=False):
|
|
"""
|
|
Make this path a symlink pointing to the target path.
|
|
Note the order of arguments (link, target) is the reverse of os.symlink.
|
|
"""
|
|
if not hasattr(os, "symlink"):
|
|
raise NotImplementedError("os.symlink() not available on this system")
|
|
os.symlink(target, self, target_is_directory)
|
|
|
|
def hardlink_to(self, target):
|
|
"""
|
|
Make this path a hard link pointing to the same file as *target*.
|
|
|
|
Note the order of arguments (self, target) is the reverse of os.link's.
|
|
"""
|
|
if not hasattr(os, "link"):
|
|
raise NotImplementedError("os.link() not available on this system")
|
|
os.link(target, self)
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Convenience functions for querying the stat results
|
|
|
|
def exists(self):
|
|
"""
|
|
Whether this path exists.
|
|
"""
|
|
try:
|
|
self.stat()
|
|
except OSError as e:
|
|
if not _ignore_error(e):
|
|
raise
|
|
return False
|
|
except ValueError:
|
|
# Non-encodable path
|
|
return False
|
|
return True
|
|
|
|
def is_dir(self):
|
|
"""
|
|
Whether this path is a directory.
|
|
"""
|
|
try:
|
|
return S_ISDIR(self.stat().st_mode)
|
|
except OSError as e:
|
|
if not _ignore_error(e):
|
|
raise
|
|
# Path doesn't exist or is a broken symlink
|
|
# (see http://web.archive.org/web/20200623061726/https://bitbucket.org/pitrou/pathlib/issues/12/ )
|
|
return False
|
|
except ValueError:
|
|
# Non-encodable path
|
|
return False
|
|
|
|
def is_file(self):
|
|
"""
|
|
Whether this path is a regular file (also True for symlinks pointing
|
|
to regular files).
|
|
"""
|
|
try:
|
|
return S_ISREG(self.stat().st_mode)
|
|
except OSError as e:
|
|
if not _ignore_error(e):
|
|
raise
|
|
# Path doesn't exist or is a broken symlink
|
|
# (see http://web.archive.org/web/20200623061726/https://bitbucket.org/pitrou/pathlib/issues/12/ )
|
|
return False
|
|
except ValueError:
|
|
# Non-encodable path
|
|
return False
|
|
|
|
def is_mount(self):
|
|
"""
|
|
Check if this path is a mount point
|
|
"""
|
|
return self._flavour.pathmod.ismount(self)
|
|
|
|
def is_symlink(self):
|
|
"""
|
|
Whether this path is a symbolic link.
|
|
"""
|
|
try:
|
|
return S_ISLNK(self.lstat().st_mode)
|
|
except OSError as e:
|
|
if not _ignore_error(e):
|
|
raise
|
|
# Path doesn't exist
|
|
return False
|
|
except ValueError:
|
|
# Non-encodable path
|
|
return False
|
|
|
|
def is_block_device(self):
|
|
"""
|
|
Whether this path is a block device.
|
|
"""
|
|
try:
|
|
return S_ISBLK(self.stat().st_mode)
|
|
except OSError as e:
|
|
if not _ignore_error(e):
|
|
raise
|
|
# Path doesn't exist or is a broken symlink
|
|
# (see http://web.archive.org/web/20200623061726/https://bitbucket.org/pitrou/pathlib/issues/12/ )
|
|
return False
|
|
except ValueError:
|
|
# Non-encodable path
|
|
return False
|
|
|
|
def is_char_device(self):
|
|
"""
|
|
Whether this path is a character device.
|
|
"""
|
|
try:
|
|
return S_ISCHR(self.stat().st_mode)
|
|
except OSError as e:
|
|
if not _ignore_error(e):
|
|
raise
|
|
# Path doesn't exist or is a broken symlink
|
|
# (see http://web.archive.org/web/20200623061726/https://bitbucket.org/pitrou/pathlib/issues/12/ )
|
|
return False
|
|
except ValueError:
|
|
# Non-encodable path
|
|
return False
|
|
|
|
def is_fifo(self):
|
|
"""
|
|
Whether this path is a FIFO.
|
|
"""
|
|
try:
|
|
return S_ISFIFO(self.stat().st_mode)
|
|
except OSError as e:
|
|
if not _ignore_error(e):
|
|
raise
|
|
# Path doesn't exist or is a broken symlink
|
|
# (see http://web.archive.org/web/20200623061726/https://bitbucket.org/pitrou/pathlib/issues/12/ )
|
|
return False
|
|
except ValueError:
|
|
# Non-encodable path
|
|
return False
|
|
|
|
def is_socket(self):
|
|
"""
|
|
Whether this path is a socket.
|
|
"""
|
|
try:
|
|
return S_ISSOCK(self.stat().st_mode)
|
|
except OSError as e:
|
|
if not _ignore_error(e):
|
|
raise
|
|
# Path doesn't exist or is a broken symlink
|
|
# (see http://web.archive.org/web/20200623061726/https://bitbucket.org/pitrou/pathlib/issues/12/ )
|
|
return False
|
|
except ValueError:
|
|
# Non-encodable path
|
|
return False
|
|
|
|
def expanduser(self):
|
|
""" Return a new path with expanded ~ and ~user constructs
|
|
(as returned by os.path.expanduser)
|
|
"""
|
|
if (not (self._drv or self._root) and
|
|
self._parts and self._parts[0][:1] == '~'):
|
|
homedir = os.path.expanduser(self._parts[0])
|
|
if homedir[:1] == "~":
|
|
raise RuntimeError("Could not determine home directory.")
|
|
return self._from_parts([homedir] + self._parts[1:])
|
|
|
|
return self
|
|
|
|
def walk(self, top_down=True, on_error=None, follow_symlinks=False):
|
|
"""Walk the directory tree from this directory, similar to os.walk()."""
|
|
sys.audit("pathlib.Path.walk", self, on_error, follow_symlinks)
|
|
return self._walk(top_down, on_error, follow_symlinks)
|
|
|
|
def _walk(self, top_down, on_error, follow_symlinks):
|
|
# We may not have read permission for self, in which case we can't
|
|
# get a list of the files the directory contains. os.walk
|
|
# always suppressed the exception then, rather than blow up for a
|
|
# minor reason when (say) a thousand readable directories are still
|
|
# left to visit. That logic is copied here.
|
|
try:
|
|
scandir_it = self._scandir()
|
|
except OSError as error:
|
|
if on_error is not None:
|
|
on_error(error)
|
|
return
|
|
|
|
with scandir_it:
|
|
dirnames = []
|
|
filenames = []
|
|
for entry in scandir_it:
|
|
try:
|
|
is_dir = entry.is_dir(follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks)
|
|
except OSError:
|
|
# Carried over from os.path.isdir().
|
|
is_dir = False
|
|
|
|
if is_dir:
|
|
dirnames.append(entry.name)
|
|
else:
|
|
filenames.append(entry.name)
|
|
|
|
if top_down:
|
|
yield self, dirnames, filenames
|
|
|
|
for dirname in dirnames:
|
|
dirpath = self._make_child_relpath(dirname)
|
|
yield from dirpath._walk(top_down, on_error, follow_symlinks)
|
|
|
|
if not top_down:
|
|
yield self, dirnames, filenames
|
|
|
|
|
|
class PosixPath(Path, PurePosixPath):
|
|
"""Path subclass for non-Windows systems.
|
|
|
|
On a POSIX system, instantiating a Path should return this object.
|
|
"""
|
|
__slots__ = ()
|
|
|
|
class WindowsPath(Path, PureWindowsPath):
|
|
"""Path subclass for Windows systems.
|
|
|
|
On a Windows system, instantiating a Path should return this object.
|
|
"""
|
|
__slots__ = ()
|