mirror of https://github.com/python/cpython
132 lines
4.6 KiB
ReStructuredText
132 lines
4.6 KiB
ReStructuredText
:mod:`faulthandler` --- Dump the Python traceback
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=================================================
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.. module:: faulthandler
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:synopsis: Dump the Python traceback.
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This module contains functions to dump the Python traceback explicitly, on a
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fault, after a timeout or on a user signal. Call :func:`faulthandler.enable` to
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install fault handlers for :const:`SIGSEGV`, :const:`SIGFPE`, :const:`SIGABRT`,
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:const:`SIGBUS` and :const:`SIGILL` signals. You can also enable them at
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startup by setting the :envvar:`PYTHONFAULTHANDLER` environment variable or by
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using :option:`-X` ``faulthandler`` command line option.
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The fault handler is compatible with system fault handlers like Apport or
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the Windows fault handler. The module uses an alternative stack for signal
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handlers, if the :c:func:`sigaltstack` function is available, to be able to
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dump the traceback even on a stack overflow.
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The fault handler is called on catastrophic cases and so can only use
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signal-safe functions (e.g. it cannot allocate memory on the heap). That's why
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the traceback is limited: only support ASCII encoding (use the
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``backslashreplace`` error handler), limit each string to 100 characters, don't
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print the source code (only the filename, the function name and the line
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number), limit to 100 frames and 100 threads.
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By default, the Python traceback is written to :data:`sys.stderr`. Start your
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graphical applications in a terminal and run your server in foreground to see
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the traceback, or specify a log file to :func:`faulthandler.enable()`.
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The module is implemented in C to be able to dump a traceback on a crash or
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when Python is blocked (e.g. deadlock).
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.. versionadded:: 3.3
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Dump the traceback
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------------------
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.. function:: dump_traceback(file=sys.stderr, all_threads=True)
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Dump the traceback of all threads, or of the current thread if *all_threads*
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is ``False``, into *file*.
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Fault handler state
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-------------------
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.. function:: enable(file=sys.stderr, all_threads=True)
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Enable the fault handler: install handlers for :const:`SIGSEGV`,
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:const:`SIGFPE`, :const:`SIGABRT`, :const:`SIGBUS` and :const:`SIGILL`
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signals to dump the Python traceback. It dumps the traceback of the all
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threads, or of the current thread if *all_threads* is ``False``, into
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*file*.
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.. function:: disable()
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Disable the fault handler: uninstall the signal handlers installed by
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:func:`enable`.
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.. function:: is_enabled()
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Check if the fault handler is enabled.
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Dump the tracebacks after a timeout
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-----------------------------------
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.. function:: dump_tracebacks_later(timeout, repeat=False, file=sys.stderr, exit=False)
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Dump the tracebacks of all threads, after a timeout of *timeout* seconds, or
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each *timeout* seconds if *repeat* is ``True``. If *exit* is True, call
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:c:func:`_exit` with status=1 after dumping the tracebacks to terminate
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immediatly the process, which is not safe. For example, :c:func:`_exit`
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doesn't flush file buffers. If the function is called twice, the new call
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replaces previous parameters (resets the timeout). The timer has a
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sub-second resolution.
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This function is implemented using a watchdog thread, and therefore is
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not available if Python is compiled with threads disabled.
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.. function:: cancel_dump_tracebacks_later()
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Cancel the last call to :func:`dump_tracebacks_later`.
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Dump the traceback on a user signal
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-----------------------------------
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.. function:: register(signum, file=sys.stderr, all_threads=True)
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Register a user signal: install a handler for the *signum* signal to dump
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the traceback of all threads, or of the current thread if *all_threads* is
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``False``, into *file*.
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Not available on Windows.
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.. function:: unregister(signum)
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Unregister a user signal: uninstall the handler of the *signum* signal
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installed by :func:`register`. Return ``True`` if the signal was registered,
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``False`` otherwise.
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Not available on Windows.
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File descriptor issue
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---------------------
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:func:`enable`, :func:`dump_tracebacks_later` and :func:`register` keep the
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file descriptor of their *file* argument. If the file is closed and its file
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descriptor is reused by a new file, or if :func:`os.dup2` is used to replace
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the file descriptor, the traceback will be written into a different file. Call
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these functions again each time that the file is replaced.
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Example
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-------
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Example of a segmentation fault on Linux: ::
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$ python -q -X faulthandler
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>>> import ctypes
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>>> ctypes.string_at(0)
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Fatal Python error: Segmentation fault
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Current thread 0x00007fb899f39700:
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File "/home/python/cpython/Lib/ctypes/__init__.py", line 486 in string_at
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File "<stdin>", line 1 in <module>
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Segmentation fault
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