mirror of https://github.com/python/cpython
100 lines
4.2 KiB
ReStructuredText
100 lines
4.2 KiB
ReStructuredText
:mod:`importlib.resources` -- Package resource reading, opening and access
|
|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
.. module:: importlib.resources
|
|
:synopsis: Package resource reading, opening, and access
|
|
|
|
**Source code:** :source:`Lib/importlib/resources/__init__.py`
|
|
|
|
--------------
|
|
|
|
.. versionadded:: 3.7
|
|
|
|
This module leverages Python's import system to provide access to *resources*
|
|
within *packages*.
|
|
|
|
"Resources" are file-like resources associated with a module or package in
|
|
Python. The resources may be contained directly in a package, within a
|
|
subdirectory contained in that package, or adjacent to modules outside a
|
|
package. Resources may be text or binary. As a result, Python module sources
|
|
(.py) of a package and compilation artifacts (pycache) are technically
|
|
de-facto resources of that package. In practice, however, resources are
|
|
primarily those non-Python artifacts exposed specifically by the package
|
|
author.
|
|
|
|
Resources can be opened or read in either binary or text mode.
|
|
|
|
Resources are roughly akin to files inside directories, though it's important
|
|
to keep in mind that this is just a metaphor. Resources and packages **do
|
|
not** have to exist as physical files and directories on the file system:
|
|
for example, a package and its resources can be imported from a zip file using
|
|
:py:mod:`zipimport`.
|
|
|
|
.. note::
|
|
|
|
This module provides functionality similar to `pkg_resources
|
|
<https://setuptools.readthedocs.io/en/latest/pkg_resources.html>`_ `Basic
|
|
Resource Access
|
|
<https://setuptools.readthedocs.io/en/latest/pkg_resources.html#basic-resource-access>`_
|
|
without the performance overhead of that package. This makes reading
|
|
resources included in packages easier, with more stable and consistent
|
|
semantics.
|
|
|
|
The standalone backport of this module provides more information
|
|
on `using importlib.resources
|
|
<https://importlib-resources.readthedocs.io/en/latest/using.html>`_ and
|
|
`migrating from pkg_resources to importlib.resources
|
|
<https://importlib-resources.readthedocs.io/en/latest/migration.html>`_.
|
|
|
|
:class:`Loaders <importlib.abc.Loader>` that wish to support resource reading should implement a
|
|
``get_resource_reader(fullname)`` method as specified by
|
|
:class:`importlib.resources.abc.ResourceReader`.
|
|
|
|
.. data:: Anchor
|
|
|
|
Represents an anchor for resources, either a :class:`module object
|
|
<types.ModuleType>` or a module name as a string. Defined as
|
|
``Union[str, ModuleType]``.
|
|
|
|
.. function:: files(anchor: Optional[Anchor] = None)
|
|
|
|
Returns a :class:`~importlib.resources.abc.Traversable` object
|
|
representing the resource container (think directory) and its resources
|
|
(think files). A Traversable may contain other containers (think
|
|
subdirectories).
|
|
|
|
*anchor* is an optional :data:`Anchor`. If the anchor is a
|
|
package, resources are resolved from that package. If a module,
|
|
resources are resolved adjacent to that module (in the same package
|
|
or the package root). If the anchor is omitted, the caller's module
|
|
is used.
|
|
|
|
.. versionadded:: 3.9
|
|
|
|
.. versionchanged:: 3.12
|
|
"package" parameter was renamed to "anchor". "anchor" can now
|
|
be a non-package module and if omitted will default to the caller's
|
|
module. "package" is still accepted for compatibility but will raise
|
|
a DeprecationWarning. Consider passing the anchor positionally or
|
|
using ``importlib_resources >= 5.10`` for a compatible interface
|
|
on older Pythons.
|
|
|
|
.. function:: as_file(traversable)
|
|
|
|
Given a :class:`~importlib.resources.abc.Traversable` object representing
|
|
a file or directory, typically from :func:`importlib.resources.files`,
|
|
return a context manager for use in a :keyword:`with` statement.
|
|
The context manager provides a :class:`pathlib.Path` object.
|
|
|
|
Exiting the context manager cleans up any temporary file or directory
|
|
created when the resource was extracted from e.g. a zip file.
|
|
|
|
Use ``as_file`` when the Traversable methods
|
|
(``read_text``, etc) are insufficient and an actual file or directory on
|
|
the file system is required.
|
|
|
|
.. versionadded:: 3.9
|
|
|
|
.. versionchanged:: 3.12
|
|
Added support for ``traversable`` representing a directory.
|