mirror of https://github.com/python/cpython
96 lines
3.0 KiB
ReStructuredText
96 lines
3.0 KiB
ReStructuredText
:mod:`fnmatch` --- Unix filename pattern matching
|
|
=================================================
|
|
|
|
.. module:: fnmatch
|
|
:synopsis: Unix shell style filename pattern matching.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. index:: single: filenames; wildcard expansion
|
|
|
|
.. index:: module: re
|
|
|
|
**Source code:** :source:`Lib/fnmatch.py`
|
|
|
|
--------------
|
|
|
|
This module provides support for Unix shell-style wildcards, which are *not* the
|
|
same as regular expressions (which are documented in the :mod:`re` module). The
|
|
special characters used in shell-style wildcards are:
|
|
|
|
+------------+------------------------------------+
|
|
| Pattern | Meaning |
|
|
+============+====================================+
|
|
| ``*`` | matches everything |
|
|
+------------+------------------------------------+
|
|
| ``?`` | matches any single character |
|
|
+------------+------------------------------------+
|
|
| ``[seq]`` | matches any character in *seq* |
|
|
+------------+------------------------------------+
|
|
| ``[!seq]`` | matches any character not in *seq* |
|
|
+------------+------------------------------------+
|
|
|
|
For a literal match, wrap the meta-characters in brackets.
|
|
For example, ``'[?]'`` matches the character ``'?'``.
|
|
|
|
.. index:: module: glob
|
|
|
|
Note that the filename separator (``'/'`` on Unix) is *not* special to this
|
|
module. See module :mod:`glob` for pathname expansion (:mod:`glob` uses
|
|
:func:`fnmatch` to match pathname segments). Similarly, filenames starting with
|
|
a period are not special for this module, and are matched by the ``*`` and ``?``
|
|
patterns.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. function:: fnmatch(filename, pattern)
|
|
|
|
Test whether the *filename* string matches the *pattern* string, returning
|
|
:const:`True` or :const:`False`. If the operating system is case-insensitive,
|
|
then both parameters will be normalized to all lower- or upper-case before
|
|
the comparison is performed. :func:`fnmatchcase` can be used to perform a
|
|
case-sensitive comparison, regardless of whether that's standard for the
|
|
operating system.
|
|
|
|
This example will print all file names in the current directory with the
|
|
extension ``.txt``::
|
|
|
|
import fnmatch
|
|
import os
|
|
|
|
for file in os.listdir('.'):
|
|
if fnmatch.fnmatch(file, '*.txt'):
|
|
print(file)
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. function:: fnmatchcase(filename, pattern)
|
|
|
|
Test whether *filename* matches *pattern*, returning :const:`True` or
|
|
:const:`False`; the comparison is case-sensitive.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. function:: filter(names, pattern)
|
|
|
|
Return the subset of the list of *names* that match *pattern*. It is the same as
|
|
``[n for n in names if fnmatch(n, pattern)]``, but implemented more efficiently.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. function:: translate(pattern)
|
|
|
|
Return the shell-style *pattern* converted to a regular expression.
|
|
|
|
Example:
|
|
|
|
>>> import fnmatch, re
|
|
>>>
|
|
>>> regex = fnmatch.translate('*.txt')
|
|
>>> regex
|
|
'.*\\.txt\\Z(?ms)'
|
|
>>> reobj = re.compile(regex)
|
|
>>> reobj.match('foobar.txt')
|
|
<_sre.SRE_Match object; span=(0, 10), match='foobar.txt'>
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. seealso::
|
|
|
|
Module :mod:`glob`
|
|
Unix shell-style path expansion.
|