mirror of https://github.com/python/cpython
334 lines
15 KiB
Plaintext
334 lines
15 KiB
Plaintext
Building Python using VC++ 9.0
|
|
------------------------------
|
|
|
|
This directory is used to build Python for Win32 and x64 platforms, e.g.
|
|
Windows 2000, XP, Vista and Windows Server 2008. In order to build 32-bit
|
|
debug and release executables, Microsoft Visual C++ 2008 Express Edition is
|
|
required at the very least. In order to build 64-bit debug and release
|
|
executables, Visual Studio 2008 Standard Edition is required at the very
|
|
least. In order to build all of the above, as well as generate release builds
|
|
that make use of Profile Guided Optimisation (PG0), Visual Studio 2008
|
|
Professional Edition is required at the very least. The official Python
|
|
releases are built with this version of Visual Studio.
|
|
|
|
For other Windows platforms and compilers, see ../PC/readme.txt.
|
|
|
|
All you need to do is open the workspace "pcbuild.sln" in Visual Studio,
|
|
select the desired combination of configuration and platform and eventually
|
|
build the solution. Unless you are going to debug a problem in the core or
|
|
you are going to create an optimized build you want to select "Release" as
|
|
configuration.
|
|
|
|
The PCbuild directory is compatible with all versions of Visual Studio from
|
|
VS C++ Express Edition over the standard edition up to the professional
|
|
edition. However the express edition does not support features like solution
|
|
folders or profile guided optimization (PGO). The missing bits and pieces
|
|
won't stop you from building Python.
|
|
|
|
The solution is configured to build the projects in the correct order. "Build
|
|
Solution" or F7 takes care of dependencies except for x64 builds. To make
|
|
cross compiling x64 builds on a 32bit OS possible the x64 builds require a
|
|
32bit version of Python.
|
|
|
|
NOTE:
|
|
You probably don't want to build most of the other subprojects, unless
|
|
you're building an entire Python distribution from scratch, or
|
|
specifically making changes to the subsystems they implement, or are
|
|
running a Python core buildbot test slave; see SUBPROJECTS below)
|
|
|
|
When using the Debug setting, the output files have a _d added to
|
|
their name: python32_d.dll, python_d.exe, parser_d.pyd, and so on. Both
|
|
the build and rt batch files accept a -d option for debug builds.
|
|
|
|
The 32bit builds end up in the solution folder PCbuild while the x64 builds
|
|
land in the amd64 subfolder. The PGI and PGO builds for profile guided
|
|
optimization end up in their own folders, too.
|
|
|
|
Legacy support
|
|
--------------
|
|
|
|
You can find build directories for older versions of Visual Studio and
|
|
Visual C++ in the PC directory. The legacy build directories are no longer
|
|
actively maintained and may not work out of the box.
|
|
|
|
PC/VC6/
|
|
Visual C++ 6.0
|
|
PC/VS7.1/
|
|
Visual Studio 2003 (7.1)
|
|
PC/VS8.0/
|
|
Visual Studio 2005 (8.0)
|
|
|
|
|
|
C RUNTIME
|
|
---------
|
|
|
|
Visual Studio 2008 uses version 9 of the C runtime (MSVCRT9). The executables
|
|
are linked to a CRT "side by side" assembly which must be present on the target
|
|
machine. This is avalible under the VC/Redist folder of your visual studio
|
|
distribution. On XP and later operating systems that support
|
|
side-by-side assemblies it is not enough to have the msvcrt90.dll present,
|
|
it has to be there as a whole assembly, that is, a folder with the .dll
|
|
and a .manifest. Also, a check is made for the correct version.
|
|
Therefore, one should distribute this assembly with the dlls, and keep
|
|
it in the same directory. For compatibility with older systems, one should
|
|
also set the PATH to this directory so that the dll can be found.
|
|
For more info, see the Readme in the VC/Redist folder.
|
|
|
|
SUBPROJECTS
|
|
-----------
|
|
These subprojects should build out of the box. Subprojects other than the
|
|
main ones (pythoncore, python, pythonw) generally build a DLL (renamed to
|
|
.pyd) from a specific module so that users don't have to load the code
|
|
supporting that module unless they import the module.
|
|
|
|
pythoncore
|
|
.dll and .lib
|
|
python
|
|
.exe
|
|
pythonw
|
|
pythonw.exe, a variant of python.exe that doesn't pop up a DOS box
|
|
_socket
|
|
socketmodule.c
|
|
_testcapi
|
|
tests of the Python C API, run via Lib/test/test_capi.py, and
|
|
implemented by module Modules/_testcapimodule.c
|
|
pyexpat
|
|
Python wrapper for accelerated XML parsing, which incorporates stable
|
|
code from the Expat project: http://sourceforge.net/projects/expat/
|
|
select
|
|
selectmodule.c
|
|
unicodedata
|
|
large tables of Unicode data
|
|
winsound
|
|
play sounds (typically .wav files) under Windows
|
|
|
|
Python-controlled subprojects that wrap external projects:
|
|
_sqlite3
|
|
Wraps SQLite 3.6.21, which is currently built by sqlite3.vcproj (see below).
|
|
_tkinter
|
|
Wraps the Tk windowing system. Unlike _sqlite3, there's no
|
|
corresponding tcltk.vcproj-type project that builds Tcl/Tk from vcproj's
|
|
within our pcbuild.sln, which means this module expects to find a
|
|
pre-built Tcl/Tk in either ..\..\tcltk for 32-bit or ..\..\tcltk64 for
|
|
64-bit (relative to this directory). See below for instructions to build
|
|
Tcl/Tk.
|
|
bz2
|
|
Python wrapper for the libbz2 compression library. Homepage
|
|
http://sources.redhat.com/bzip2/
|
|
Download the source from the python.org copy into the dist
|
|
directory:
|
|
|
|
svn export http://svn.python.org/projects/external/bzip2-1.0.5
|
|
|
|
** NOTE: if you use the Tools\buildbot\external(-amd64).bat approach for
|
|
obtaining external sources then you don't need to manually get the source
|
|
above via subversion. **
|
|
|
|
A custom pre-link step in the bz2 project settings should manage to
|
|
build bzip2-1.0.5\libbz2.lib by magic before bz2.pyd (or bz2_d.pyd) is
|
|
linked in PCbuild\.
|
|
However, the bz2 project is not smart enough to remove anything under
|
|
bzip2-1.0.5\ when you do a clean, so if you want to rebuild bzip2.lib
|
|
you need to clean up bzip2-1.0.5\ by hand.
|
|
|
|
All of this managed to build libbz2.lib in
|
|
bzip2-1.0.5\$platform-$configuration\, which the Python project links in.
|
|
|
|
_ssl
|
|
Python wrapper for the secure sockets library.
|
|
|
|
Get the source code through
|
|
|
|
svn export http://svn.python.org/projects/external/openssl-1.0.0a
|
|
|
|
** NOTE: if you use the Tools\buildbot\external(-amd64).bat approach for
|
|
obtaining external sources then you don't need to manually get the source
|
|
above via subversion. **
|
|
|
|
Alternatively, get the latest version from http://www.openssl.org.
|
|
You can (theoretically) use any version of OpenSSL you like - the
|
|
build process will automatically select the latest version.
|
|
|
|
You must install the NASM assembler from
|
|
http://nasm.sf.net
|
|
for x86 builds. Put nasmw.exe anywhere in your PATH.
|
|
Note: recent releases of nasm only have nasm.exe. Just rename it to
|
|
nasmw.exe.
|
|
|
|
You can also install ActivePerl from
|
|
http://www.activestate.com/Products/ActivePerl/
|
|
if you like to use the official sources instead of the files from
|
|
python's subversion repository. The svn version contains pre-build
|
|
makefiles and assembly files.
|
|
|
|
The build process makes sure that no patented algorithms are included.
|
|
For now RC5, MDC2 and IDEA are excluded from the build. You may have
|
|
to manually remove $(OBJ_D)\i_*.obj from ms\nt.mak if the build process
|
|
complains about missing files or forbidden IDEA. Again the files provided
|
|
in the subversion repository are already fixed.
|
|
|
|
The MSVC project simply invokes PCBuild/build_ssl.py to perform
|
|
the build. This Python script locates and builds your OpenSSL
|
|
installation, then invokes a simple makefile to build the final .pyd.
|
|
|
|
build_ssl.py attempts to catch the most common errors (such as not
|
|
being able to find OpenSSL sources, or not being able to find a Perl
|
|
that works with OpenSSL) and give a reasonable error message.
|
|
If you have a problem that doesn't seem to be handled correctly
|
|
(eg, you know you have ActivePerl but we can't find it), please take
|
|
a peek at build_ssl.py and suggest patches. Note that build_ssl.py
|
|
should be able to be run directly from the command-line.
|
|
|
|
build_ssl.py/MSVC isn't clever enough to clean OpenSSL - you must do
|
|
this by hand.
|
|
|
|
The subprojects above wrap external projects Python doesn't control, and as
|
|
such, a little more work is required in order to download the relevant source
|
|
files for each project before they can be built. The buildbots do this each
|
|
time they're built, so the easiest approach is to run either external.bat or
|
|
external-amd64.bat in the ..\Tools\buildbot directory from ..\, i.e.:
|
|
|
|
C:\..\svn.python.org\projects\python\trunk\PCbuild>cd ..
|
|
C:\..\svn.python.org\projects\python\trunk>Tools\buildbot\external.bat
|
|
|
|
This extracts all the external subprojects from http://svn.python.org/external
|
|
via Subversion (so you'll need an svn.exe on your PATH) and places them in
|
|
..\.. (relative to this directory). The external(-amd64).bat scripts will
|
|
also build a debug build of Tcl/Tk; there aren't any equivalent batch files
|
|
for building release versions of Tcl/Tk lying around in the Tools\buildbot
|
|
directory. If you need to build a release version of Tcl/Tk it isn't hard
|
|
though, take a look at the relevant external(-amd64).bat file and find the
|
|
two nmake lines, then call each one without the 'DEBUG=1' parameter, i.e.:
|
|
|
|
The external-amd64.bat file contains this for tcl:
|
|
nmake -f makefile.vc COMPILERFLAGS=-DWINVER=0x0500 DEBUG=1 MACHINE=AMD64 INSTALLDIR=..\..\tcltk64 clean all install
|
|
|
|
So for a release build, you'd call it as:
|
|
nmake -f makefile.vc COMPILERFLAGS=-DWINVER=0x0500 MACHINE=AMD64 INSTALLDIR=..\..\tcltk64 clean all install
|
|
|
|
XXX Should we compile with OPTS=threads?
|
|
XXX Our installer copies a lot of stuff out of the Tcl/Tk install
|
|
XXX directory. Is all of that really needed for Python use of Tcl/Tk?
|
|
|
|
This will be cleaned up in the future; ideally Tcl/Tk will be brought into our
|
|
pcbuild.sln as custom .vcproj files, just as we've recently done with the
|
|
sqlite3.vcproj file, which will remove the need for Tcl/Tk to be built
|
|
separately via a batch file.
|
|
|
|
XXX trent.nelson 02-Apr-08:
|
|
Having the external subprojects in ..\.. relative to this directory is a
|
|
bit of a nuisance when you're working on py3k and trunk in parallel and
|
|
your directory layout mimics that of Python's subversion layout, e.g.:
|
|
|
|
C:\..\svn.python.org\projects\python\trunk
|
|
C:\..\svn.python.org\projects\python\branches\py3k
|
|
C:\..\svn.python.org\projects\python\branches\release25-maint
|
|
|
|
I'd like to change things so that external subprojects are fetched from
|
|
..\external instead of ..\.., then provide some helper scripts or batch
|
|
files that would set up a new ..\external directory with svn checkouts of
|
|
the relevant branches in http://svn.python.org/projects/external/, or
|
|
alternatively, use junctions to link ..\external with a pre-existing
|
|
externals directory being used by another branch. i.e. if I'm usually
|
|
working on trunk (and have previously created trunk\external via the
|
|
provided batch file), and want to do some work on py3k, I'd set up a
|
|
junction as follows (using the directory structure above as an example):
|
|
|
|
C:\..\python\trunk\external <- already exists and has built versions
|
|
of the external subprojects
|
|
|
|
C:\..\python\branches\py3k>linkd.exe external ..\..\trunk\external
|
|
Link created at: external
|
|
|
|
Only a slight tweak would be needed to the buildbots such that bots
|
|
building trunk and py3k could make use of the same facility. (2.5.x
|
|
builds need to be kept separate as they're using Visual Studio 7.1.)
|
|
/XXX trent.nelson 02-Apr-08
|
|
|
|
Building for Itanium
|
|
--------------------
|
|
|
|
NOTE:
|
|
Official support for Itanium builds have been dropped from the build. Please
|
|
contact us and provide patches if you are interested in Itanium builds.
|
|
|
|
The project files support a ReleaseItanium configuration which creates
|
|
Win64/Itanium binaries. For this to work, you need to install the Platform
|
|
SDK, in particular the 64-bit support. This includes an Itanium compiler
|
|
(future releases of the SDK likely include an AMD64 compiler as well).
|
|
In addition, you need the Visual Studio plugin for external C compilers,
|
|
from http://sf.net/projects/vsextcomp. The plugin will wrap cl.exe, to
|
|
locate the proper target compiler, and convert compiler options
|
|
accordingly. The project files require atleast version 0.9.
|
|
|
|
Building for AMD64
|
|
------------------
|
|
|
|
The build process for AMD64 / x64 is very similar to standard builds. You just
|
|
have to set x64 as platform. In addition, the HOST_PYTHON environment variable
|
|
must point to a Python interpreter (at least 2.4), to support cross-compilation.
|
|
|
|
Building Python Using the free MS Toolkit Compiler
|
|
--------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
Microsoft has withdrawn the free MS Toolkit Compiler, so this can no longer
|
|
be considered a supported option. Instead you can use the free VS C++ Express
|
|
Edition.
|
|
|
|
Profile Guided Optimization
|
|
---------------------------
|
|
|
|
The solution has two configurations for PGO. The PGInstrument
|
|
configuration must be build first. The PGInstrument binaries are
|
|
lniked against a profiling library and contain extra debug
|
|
information. The PGUpdate configuration takes the profiling data and
|
|
generates optimized binaries.
|
|
|
|
The build_pgo.bat script automates the creation of optimized binaries. It
|
|
creates the PGI files, runs the unit test suite or PyBench with the PGI
|
|
python and finally creates the optimized files.
|
|
|
|
http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/e7k32f4k(VS.90).aspx
|
|
|
|
Static library
|
|
--------------
|
|
|
|
The solution has no configuration for static libraries. However it is easy
|
|
it build a static library instead of a DLL. You simply have to set the
|
|
"Configuration Type" to "Static Library (.lib)" and alter the preprocessor
|
|
macro "Py_ENABLE_SHARED" to "Py_NO_ENABLE_SHARED". You may also have to
|
|
change the "Runtime Library" from "Multi-threaded DLL (/MD)" to
|
|
"Multi-threaded (/MT)".
|
|
|
|
Visual Studio properties
|
|
------------------------
|
|
|
|
The PCbuild solution makes heavy use of Visual Studio property files
|
|
(*.vsprops). The properties can be viewed and altered in the Property
|
|
Manager (View -> Other Windows -> Property Manager).
|
|
|
|
* debug (debug macro: _DEBUG)
|
|
* pginstrument (PGO)
|
|
* pgupdate (PGO)
|
|
+-- pginstrument
|
|
* pyd (python extension, release build)
|
|
+-- release
|
|
+-- pyproject
|
|
* pyd_d (python extension, debug build)
|
|
+-- debug
|
|
+-- pyproject
|
|
* pyproject (base settings for all projects, user macros like PyDllName)
|
|
* release (release macro: NDEBUG)
|
|
* x64 (AMD64 / x64 platform specific settings)
|
|
|
|
The pyproject propertyfile defines _WIN32 and x64 defines _WIN64 and _M_X64
|
|
although the macros are set by the compiler, too. The GUI doesn't always know
|
|
about the macros and confuse the user with false information.
|
|
|
|
YOUR OWN EXTENSION DLLs
|
|
-----------------------
|
|
|
|
If you want to create your own extension module DLL, there's an example
|
|
with easy-to-follow instructions in ../PC/example/; read the file
|
|
readme.txt there first.
|