cpython/Mac/BuildScript

Building a Python Mac OS X distribution
=======================================

The ``build-installer.py`` script creates Python distributions, including
certain third-party libraries as necessary.  It builds a complete 
framework-based Python out-of-tree, installs it in a funny place with 
$DESTROOT, massages that installation to remove .pyc files and such, creates 
an Installer package from the installation plus other files in ``resources`` 
and ``scripts`` and placed that on a ``.dmg`` disk image.

This installers built by this script are legacy bundle installers that have
been supported from the early days of OS X.  In particular, they are supported
on OS X 10.3.9, the earliest supported release for builds from this script.

Beginning with Python 3.4.2, PSF practice is to build two installer variants
using the newer flat package format, supported on 10.5+, and signed with the
builder's Apple developer key, allowing downloaded packages to satisfy Apple's
default Gatekeeper policy (e.g. starting with 10.8, Apple store downloads and
Apple developer ID signed apps and installer packages).  The process for
transforming the output build artifacts into signed flat packages is not
yet integrated into ``build-installer.py``.  The steps prior to the flat
package creation are the same as for 3.4.1 below.

1.  32-bit-only, i386 and PPC universal, capable on running on all machines
    supported by Mac OS X 10.5 through (at least) 10.9::

        /path/to/bootstrap/python2.7 build-installer.py \
            --sdk-path=/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.5.sdk \
            --universal-archs=32-bit \
            --dep-target=10.5

    - builds the following third-party libraries

        * libcrypto and libssl from OpenSSL 1.0.1 (new, as of 3.4.3)
        * NCurses 5.9 (http://bugs.python.org/issue15037)
        * SQLite 3.8.11
        * XZ 5.0.5

    - uses system-supplied versions of third-party libraries

        * readline module links with Apple BSD editline (libedit)

    - requires ActiveState ``Tcl/Tk 8.4`` (currently 8.4.20) to be installed for building

    - recommended build environment:

        * Mac OS X 10.5.8 Intel or PPC
        * Xcode 3.1.4
        * ``MacOSX10.5`` SDK
        * ``MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=10.5``
        * Apple ``gcc-4.2``
        * bootstrap non-framework Python 2.7 for documentation build with
          Sphinx (as of 3.4.1)

    - alternate build environments:

        * Mac OS X 10.6.8 with Xcode 3.2.6
            - need to change ``/System/Library/Frameworks/{Tcl,Tk}.framework/Version/Current`` to ``8.4``
        * Note Xcode 4.* does not support building for PPC so cannot be used for this build

2.  64-bit / 32-bit, x86_64 and i386 universal, for OS X 10.6 (and later)::

        /path/to/bootstrap/python2.7 build-installer.py \
            --sdk-path=/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk \
            --universal-archs=intel \
            --dep-target=10.6

    - builds the following third-party libraries

        * NCurses 5.9 (http://bugs.python.org/issue15037)
        * SQLite 3.8.11
        * XZ 5.0.5

    - uses system-supplied versions of third-party libraries

        * libcrypto and libssl from Apple OpenSSL 0.9.8
        * readline module links with Apple BSD editline (libedit)

    - requires ActiveState Tcl/Tk 8.5.15.1 (or later) to be installed for building

    - recommended build environment:

        * Mac OS X 10.6.8 (or later)
        * Xcode 3.2.6
        * ``MacOSX10.6`` SDK
        * ``MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=10.6``
        * Apple ``gcc-4.2``
        * bootstrap non-framework Python 2.7 for documentation build with
          Sphinx (as of 3.4.1)

    - alternate build environments:

        * none.  Xcode 4.x currently supplies two C compilers.
          ``llvm-gcc-4.2.1`` has been found to miscompile Python 3.3.x and
          produce a non-functional Python executable.  As it appears to be
          considered a migration aid by Apple and is not likely to be fixed,
          its use should be avoided.  The other compiler, ``clang``, has been
          undergoing rapid development.  While it appears to have become
          production-ready in the most recent Xcode 5 releases, the versions
          available on the deprecated Xcode 4.x for 10.6 were early releases
          and did not receive the level of exposure in production environments
          that the Xcode 3 gcc-4.2 compiler has had.


General Prerequisites
---------------------

* No Fink (in ``/sw``) or MacPorts (in ``/opt/local``) or other local
  libraries or utilities (in ``/usr/local``) as they could
  interfere with the build.

* The documentation for the release is built using Sphinx
  because it is included in the installer.  For 2.7.x and 3.x.x up to and
  including 3.4.0, the ``Doc/Makefile`` uses ``svn`` to download repos of
  ``Sphinx`` and its dependencies.  Beginning with 3.4.1, the ``Doc/Makefile``
  assumes there is an externally-provided ``sphinx-build`` and requires at
  least Python 2.6 to run.  Because of this, it is no longer possible to
  build a 3.4.1 or later installer on OS X 10.5 using the Apple-supplied
  Python 2.5.

* It is safest to start each variant build with an empty source directory
  populated with a fresh copy of the untarred source.

* It is recommended that you remove any existing installed version of the
  Python being built::

      sudo rm -rf /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/n.n


The Recipe
----------

Here are the steps you need to follow to build a Python installer:

* Run ``build-installer.py``. Optionally you can pass a number of arguments
  to specify locations of various files. Please see the top of
  ``build-installer.py`` for its usage.

  Running this script takes some time, it will not only build Python itself
  but also some 3th-party libraries that are needed for extensions.

* When done the script will tell you where the DMG image is (by default
  somewhere in ``/tmp/_py``).

Building other universal installers
...................................

It is also possible to build a 4-way universal installer that runs on 
OS X 10.5 Leopard or later::

    /usr/bin/python /build-installer.py \
        --dep-target=10.5
        --universal-archs=all
        --sdk-path=/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.5.sdk

This requires that the deployment target is 10.5, and hence
also that you are building on at least OS X 10.5.  4-way includes
``i386``, ``x86_64``, ``ppc``, and ``ppc64`` (G5).  ``ppc64`` executable
variants can only be run on G5 machines running 10.5.  Note that,
while OS X 10.6 is only supported on Intel-based machines, it is possible
to run ``ppc`` (32-bit) executables unmodified thanks to the Rosetta ppc
emulation in OS X 10.5 and 10.6.  The 4-way installer variant must be
built with Xcode 3.  It is not regularly built or tested.

Other ``--universal-archs`` options are ``64-bit`` (``x86_64``, ``ppc64``),
and ``3-way`` (``ppc``, ``i386``, ``x86_64``).  None of these options
are regularly exercised; use at your own risk.


Testing
-------

Ideally, the resulting binaries should be installed and the test suite run
on all supported OS X releases and architectures.  As a practical matter,
that is generally not possible.  At a minimum, variant 1 should be run on
a PPC G4 system with OS X 10.5 and at least one Intel system running OS X
10.9, 10.8, 10.7, 10.6, or 10.5.  Variant 2 should be run on 10.9, 10.8,
10.7, and 10.6 systems in both 32-bit and 64-bit modes.::

    /usr/local/bin/pythonn.n -m test -w -u all,-largefile
    /usr/local/bin/pythonn.n-32 -m test -w -u all
    
Certain tests will be skipped and some cause the interpreter to fail
which will likely generate ``Python quit unexpectedly`` alert messages
to be generated at several points during a test run.  These are normal
during testing and can be ignored.

It is also recommend to launch IDLE and verify that it is at least
functional.  Double-click on the IDLE app icon in ``/Applications/Python n.n``.
It should also be tested from the command line::

    /usr/local/bin/idlen.n