mirror of https://github.com/python/cpython
101 lines
3.4 KiB
ReStructuredText
101 lines
3.4 KiB
ReStructuredText
:mod:`!netrc` --- netrc file processing
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=======================================
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.. module:: netrc
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:synopsis: Loading of .netrc files.
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.. moduleauthor:: Eric S. Raymond <esr@snark.thyrsus.com>
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.. sectionauthor:: Eric S. Raymond <esr@snark.thyrsus.com>
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**Source code:** :source:`Lib/netrc.py`
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--------------
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The :class:`~netrc.netrc` class parses and encapsulates the netrc file format used by
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the Unix :program:`ftp` program and other FTP clients.
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.. class:: netrc([file])
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A :class:`~netrc.netrc` instance or subclass instance encapsulates data from a netrc
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file. The initialization argument, if present, specifies the file to parse. If
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no argument is given, the file :file:`.netrc` in the user's home directory --
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as determined by :func:`os.path.expanduser` -- will be read. Otherwise,
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a :exc:`FileNotFoundError` exception will be raised.
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Parse errors will raise :exc:`NetrcParseError` with diagnostic
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information including the file name, line number, and terminating token.
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If no argument is specified on a POSIX system, the presence of passwords in
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the :file:`.netrc` file will raise a :exc:`NetrcParseError` if the file
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ownership or permissions are insecure (owned by a user other than the user
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running the process, or accessible for read or write by any other user).
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This implements security behavior equivalent to that of ftp and other
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programs that use :file:`.netrc`.
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.. versionchanged:: 3.4 Added the POSIX permission check.
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.. versionchanged:: 3.7
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:func:`os.path.expanduser` is used to find the location of the
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:file:`.netrc` file when *file* is not passed as argument.
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.. versionchanged:: 3.10
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:class:`netrc` try UTF-8 encoding before using locale specific
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encoding.
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The entry in the netrc file no longer needs to contain all tokens. The missing
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tokens' value default to an empty string. All the tokens and their values now
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can contain arbitrary characters, like whitespace and non-ASCII characters.
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If the login name is anonymous, it won't trigger the security check.
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.. exception:: NetrcParseError
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Exception raised by the :class:`~netrc.netrc` class when syntactical errors are
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encountered in source text. Instances of this exception provide three
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interesting attributes:
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.. attribute:: msg
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Textual explanation of the error.
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.. attribute:: filename
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The name of the source file.
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.. attribute:: lineno
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The line number on which the error was found.
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.. _netrc-objects:
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netrc Objects
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-------------
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A :class:`~netrc.netrc` instance has the following methods:
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.. method:: netrc.authenticators(host)
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Return a 3-tuple ``(login, account, password)`` of authenticators for *host*.
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If the netrc file did not contain an entry for the given host, return the tuple
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associated with the 'default' entry. If neither matching host nor default entry
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is available, return ``None``.
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.. method:: netrc.__repr__()
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Dump the class data as a string in the format of a netrc file. (This discards
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comments and may reorder the entries.)
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Instances of :class:`~netrc.netrc` have public instance variables:
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.. attribute:: netrc.hosts
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Dictionary mapping host names to ``(login, account, password)`` tuples. The
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'default' entry, if any, is represented as a pseudo-host by that name.
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.. attribute:: netrc.macros
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Dictionary mapping macro names to string lists.
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