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cpython/Lib/test/test_builtin.py

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# Python test set -- built-in functions
import ast
import asyncio
import builtins
import collections
import contextlib
import decimal
import fractions
import gc
import io
import locale
import math
import os
import pickle
import platform
import random
import re
import sys
import textwrap
import traceback
import types
import typing
import unittest
import warnings
from contextlib import ExitStack
from functools import partial
from inspect import CO_COROUTINE
from itertools import product
from textwrap import dedent
from types import AsyncGeneratorType, FunctionType, CellType
from operator import neg
from test import support
from test.support import (cpython_only, swap_attr, maybe_get_event_loop_policy)
from test.support.import_helper import import_module
from test.support.os_helper import (EnvironmentVarGuard, TESTFN, unlink)
from test.support.script_helper import assert_python_ok
from test.support.warnings_helper import check_warnings
from test.support import requires_IEEE_754
from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
try:
import pty, signal
except ImportError:
pty = signal = None
# Detect evidence of double-rounding: sum() does not always
# get improved accuracy on machines that suffer from double rounding.
x, y = 1e16, 2.9999 # use temporary values to defeat peephole optimizer
HAVE_DOUBLE_ROUNDING = (x + y == 1e16 + 4)
# used as proof of globals being used
A_GLOBAL_VALUE = 123
class Squares:
def __init__(self, max):
self.max = max
self.sofar = []
def __len__(self): return len(self.sofar)
def __getitem__(self, i):
if not 0 <= i < self.max: raise IndexError
n = len(self.sofar)
while n <= i:
self.sofar.append(n*n)
n += 1
return self.sofar[i]
class StrSquares:
def __init__(self, max):
self.max = max
self.sofar = []
def __len__(self):
return len(self.sofar)
def __getitem__(self, i):
if not 0 <= i < self.max:
raise IndexError
n = len(self.sofar)
while n <= i:
self.sofar.append(str(n*n))
n += 1
return self.sofar[i]
class BitBucket:
def write(self, line):
pass
test_conv_no_sign = [
('0', 0),
('1', 1),
('9', 9),
('10', 10),
('99', 99),
('100', 100),
('314', 314),
(' 314', 314),
('314 ', 314),
(' \t\t 314 \t\t ', 314),
(repr(sys.maxsize), sys.maxsize),
(' 1x', ValueError),
(' 1 ', 1),
(' 1\02 ', ValueError),
('', ValueError),
(' ', ValueError),
(' \t\t ', ValueError),
(str(br'\u0663\u0661\u0664 ','raw-unicode-escape'), 314),
(chr(0x200), ValueError),
]
test_conv_sign = [
('0', 0),
('1', 1),
('9', 9),
('10', 10),
('99', 99),
('100', 100),
('314', 314),
(' 314', ValueError),
('314 ', 314),
(' \t\t 314 \t\t ', ValueError),
(repr(sys.maxsize), sys.maxsize),
(' 1x', ValueError),
(' 1 ', ValueError),
(' 1\02 ', ValueError),
('', ValueError),
(' ', ValueError),
(' \t\t ', ValueError),
(str(br'\u0663\u0661\u0664 ','raw-unicode-escape'), 314),
(chr(0x200), ValueError),
]
class TestFailingBool:
def __bool__(self):
raise RuntimeError
class TestFailingIter:
def __iter__(self):
raise RuntimeError
def filter_char(arg):
return ord(arg) > ord("d")
def map_char(arg):
return chr(ord(arg)+1)
class BuiltinTest(unittest.TestCase):
# Helper to check picklability
def check_iter_pickle(self, it, seq, proto):
itorg = it
d = pickle.dumps(it, proto)
it = pickle.loads(d)
self.assertEqual(type(itorg), type(it))
self.assertEqual(list(it), seq)
#test the iterator after dropping one from it
it = pickle.loads(d)
try:
next(it)
except StopIteration:
return
d = pickle.dumps(it, proto)
it = pickle.loads(d)
self.assertEqual(list(it), seq[1:])
def test_import(self):
__import__('sys')
__import__('time')
__import__('string')
__import__(name='sys')
__import__(name='time', level=0)
self.assertRaises(ModuleNotFoundError, __import__, 'spamspam')
self.assertRaises(TypeError, __import__, 1, 2, 3, 4)
self.assertRaises(ValueError, __import__, '')
self.assertRaises(TypeError, __import__, 'sys', name='sys')
# Relative import outside of a package with no __package__ or __spec__ (bpo-37409).
with self.assertWarns(ImportWarning):
self.assertRaises(ImportError, __import__, '',
{'__package__': None, '__spec__': None, '__name__': '__main__'},
locals={}, fromlist=('foo',), level=1)
# embedded null character
self.assertRaises(ModuleNotFoundError, __import__, 'string\x00')
def test_abs(self):
# int
self.assertEqual(abs(0), 0)
self.assertEqual(abs(1234), 1234)
self.assertEqual(abs(-1234), 1234)
self.assertTrue(abs(-sys.maxsize-1) > 0)
# float
self.assertEqual(abs(0.0), 0.0)
self.assertEqual(abs(3.14), 3.14)
self.assertEqual(abs(-3.14), 3.14)
# str
self.assertRaises(TypeError, abs, 'a')
# bool
self.assertEqual(abs(True), 1)
self.assertEqual(abs(False), 0)
# other
self.assertRaises(TypeError, abs)
self.assertRaises(TypeError, abs, None)
class AbsClass(object):
def __abs__(self):
return -5
self.assertEqual(abs(AbsClass()), -5)
def test_all(self):
self.assertEqual(all([2, 4, 6]), True)
self.assertEqual(all([2, None, 6]), False)
self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, all, [2, TestFailingBool(), 6])
self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, all, TestFailingIter())
self.assertRaises(TypeError, all, 10) # Non-iterable
self.assertRaises(TypeError, all) # No args
self.assertRaises(TypeError, all, [2, 4, 6], []) # Too many args
self.assertEqual(all([]), True) # Empty iterator
self.assertEqual(all([0, TestFailingBool()]), False)# Short-circuit
S = [50, 60]
self.assertEqual(all(x > 42 for x in S), True)
S = [50, 40, 60]
self.assertEqual(all(x > 42 for x in S), False)
def test_any(self):
self.assertEqual(any([None, None, None]), False)
self.assertEqual(any([None, 4, None]), True)
self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, any, [None, TestFailingBool(), 6])
self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, any, TestFailingIter())
self.assertRaises(TypeError, any, 10) # Non-iterable
self.assertRaises(TypeError, any) # No args
self.assertRaises(TypeError, any, [2, 4, 6], []) # Too many args
self.assertEqual(any([]), False) # Empty iterator
self.assertEqual(any([1, TestFailingBool()]), True) # Short-circuit
S = [40, 60, 30]
self.assertEqual(any(x > 42 for x in S), True)
S = [10, 20, 30]
self.assertEqual(any(x > 42 for x in S), False)
def test_ascii(self):
self.assertEqual(ascii(''), '\'\'')
self.assertEqual(ascii(0), '0')
self.assertEqual(ascii(()), '()')
self.assertEqual(ascii([]), '[]')
self.assertEqual(ascii({}), '{}')
a = []
a.append(a)
self.assertEqual(ascii(a), '[[...]]')
a = {}
a[0] = a
self.assertEqual(ascii(a), '{0: {...}}')
# Advanced checks for unicode strings
def _check_uni(s):
self.assertEqual(ascii(s), repr(s))
_check_uni("'")
_check_uni('"')
_check_uni('"\'')
_check_uni('\0')
_check_uni('\r\n\t .')
# Unprintable non-ASCII characters
_check_uni('\x85')
_check_uni('\u1fff')
_check_uni('\U00012fff')
# Lone surrogates
_check_uni('\ud800')
_check_uni('\udfff')
# Issue #9804: surrogates should be joined even for printable
# wide characters (UCS-2 builds).
self.assertEqual(ascii('\U0001d121'), "'\\U0001d121'")
# All together
s = "'\0\"\n\r\t abcd\x85é\U00012fff\uD800\U0001D121xxx."
self.assertEqual(ascii(s),
r"""'\'\x00"\n\r\t abcd\x85\xe9\U00012fff\ud800\U0001d121xxx.'""")
def test_neg(self):
x = -sys.maxsize-1
self.assertTrue(isinstance(x, int))
self.assertEqual(-x, sys.maxsize+1)
def test_callable(self):
self.assertTrue(callable(len))
self.assertFalse(callable("a"))
self.assertTrue(callable(callable))
self.assertTrue(callable(lambda x, y: x + y))
self.assertFalse(callable(__builtins__))
def f(): pass
self.assertTrue(callable(f))
class C1:
def meth(self): pass
self.assertTrue(callable(C1))
c = C1()
self.assertTrue(callable(c.meth))
self.assertFalse(callable(c))
# __call__ is looked up on the class, not the instance
c.__call__ = None
self.assertFalse(callable(c))
c.__call__ = lambda self: 0
self.assertFalse(callable(c))
del c.__call__
self.assertFalse(callable(c))
class C2(object):
def __call__(self): pass
c2 = C2()
self.assertTrue(callable(c2))
c2.__call__ = None
self.assertTrue(callable(c2))
class C3(C2): pass
c3 = C3()
self.assertTrue(callable(c3))
def test_chr(self):
self.assertEqual(chr(0), '\0')
self.assertEqual(chr(32), ' ')
self.assertEqual(chr(65), 'A')
self.assertEqual(chr(97), 'a')
self.assertEqual(chr(0xff), '\xff')
self.assertRaises(TypeError, chr)
self.assertRaises(TypeError, chr, 65.0)
self.assertEqual(chr(0x0000FFFF), "\U0000FFFF")
self.assertEqual(chr(0x00010000), "\U00010000")
self.assertEqual(chr(0x00010001), "\U00010001")
self.assertEqual(chr(0x000FFFFE), "\U000FFFFE")
self.assertEqual(chr(0x000FFFFF), "\U000FFFFF")
self.assertEqual(chr(0x00100000), "\U00100000")
self.assertEqual(chr(0x00100001), "\U00100001")
self.assertEqual(chr(0x0010FFFE), "\U0010FFFE")
self.assertEqual(chr(0x0010FFFF), "\U0010FFFF")
self.assertRaises(ValueError, chr, -1)
self.assertRaises(ValueError, chr, 0x00110000)
self.assertRaises(ValueError, chr, 1<<24)
self.assertRaises(ValueError, chr, 2**32-1)
self.assertRaises(ValueError, chr, -2**32)
self.assertRaises(ValueError, chr, 2**1000)
self.assertRaises(ValueError, chr, -2**1000)
def test_cmp(self):
self.assertTrue(not hasattr(builtins, "cmp"))
def test_compile(self):
compile('print(1)\n', '', 'exec')
bom = b'\xef\xbb\xbf'
compile(bom + b'print(1)\n', '', 'exec')
compile(source='pass', filename='?', mode='exec')
compile(dont_inherit=False, filename='tmp', source='0', mode='eval')
compile('pass', '?', dont_inherit=True, mode='exec')
compile(memoryview(b"text"), "name", "exec")
self.assertRaises(TypeError, compile)
self.assertRaises(ValueError, compile, 'print(42)\n', '<string>', 'badmode')
self.assertRaises(ValueError, compile, 'print(42)\n', '<string>', 'single', 0xff)
self.assertRaises(TypeError, compile, 'pass', '?', 'exec',
mode='eval', source='0', filename='tmp')
compile('print("\xe5")\n', '', 'exec')
self.assertRaises(SyntaxError, compile, chr(0), 'f', 'exec')
self.assertRaises(ValueError, compile, str('a = 1'), 'f', 'bad')
# test the optimize argument
codestr = '''def f():
"""doc"""
debug_enabled = False
if __debug__:
debug_enabled = True
try:
assert False
except AssertionError:
return (True, f.__doc__, debug_enabled, __debug__)
else:
return (False, f.__doc__, debug_enabled, __debug__)
'''
def f(): """doc"""
values = [(-1, __debug__, f.__doc__, __debug__, __debug__),
(0, True, 'doc', True, True),
(1, False, 'doc', False, False),
(2, False, None, False, False)]
for optval, *expected in values:
with self.subTest(optval=optval):
# test both direct compilation and compilation via AST
codeobjs = []
codeobjs.append(compile(codestr, "<test>", "exec", optimize=optval))
tree = ast.parse(codestr)
codeobjs.append(compile(tree, "<test>", "exec", optimize=optval))
for code in codeobjs:
ns = {}
exec(code, ns)
rv = ns['f']()
self.assertEqual(rv, tuple(expected))
def test_compile_top_level_await_no_coro(self):
"""Make sure top level non-await codes get the correct coroutine flags"""
modes = ('single', 'exec')
code_samples = [
'''def f():pass\n''',
'''[x for x in l]''',
'''{x for x in l}''',
'''(x for x in l)''',
'''{x:x for x in l}''',
]
for mode, code_sample in product(modes, code_samples):
source = dedent(code_sample)
co = compile(source,
'?',
mode,
flags=ast.PyCF_ALLOW_TOP_LEVEL_AWAIT)
self.assertNotEqual(co.co_flags & CO_COROUTINE, CO_COROUTINE,
msg=f"source={source} mode={mode}")
@unittest.skipIf(
support.is_emscripten or support.is_wasi,
"socket.accept is broken"
)
def test_compile_top_level_await(self):
"""Test whether code with top level await can be compiled.
Make sure it compiles only with the PyCF_ALLOW_TOP_LEVEL_AWAIT flag
set, and make sure the generated code object has the CO_COROUTINE flag
set in order to execute it with `await eval(.....)` instead of exec,
or via a FunctionType.
"""
# helper function just to check we can run top=level async-for
async def arange(n):
for i in range(n):
yield i
modes = ('single', 'exec')
optimizations = (-1, 0, 1, 2)
code_samples = [
'''a = await asyncio.sleep(0, result=1)''',
'''async for i in arange(1):
a = 1''',
'''async with asyncio.Lock() as l:
a = 1''',
'''a = [x async for x in arange(2)][1]''',
'''a = 1 in {x async for x in arange(2)}''',
'''a = {x:1 async for x in arange(1)}[0]''',
'''a = [x async for x in arange(2) async for x in arange(2)][1]''',
'''a = [x async for x in (x async for x in arange(5))][1]''',
'''a, = [1 for x in {x async for x in arange(1)}]''',
'''a = [await asyncio.sleep(0, x) async for x in arange(2)][1]''',
# gh-121637: Make sure we correctly handle the case where the
# async code is optimized away
'''assert not await asyncio.sleep(0); a = 1''',
'''assert [x async for x in arange(1)]; a = 1''',
'''assert {x async for x in arange(1)}; a = 1''',
'''assert {x: x async for x in arange(1)}; a = 1''',
'''
if (a := 1) and __debug__:
async with asyncio.Lock() as l:
pass
''',
'''
if (a := 1) and __debug__:
async for x in arange(2):
pass
''',
]
policy = maybe_get_event_loop_policy()
try:
for mode, code_sample, optimize in product(modes, code_samples, optimizations):
with self.subTest(mode=mode, code_sample=code_sample, optimize=optimize):
source = dedent(code_sample)
with self.assertRaises(
SyntaxError, msg=f"source={source} mode={mode}"):
compile(source, '?', mode, optimize=optimize)
co = compile(source,
'?',
mode,
flags=ast.PyCF_ALLOW_TOP_LEVEL_AWAIT,
optimize=optimize)
self.assertEqual(co.co_flags & CO_COROUTINE, CO_COROUTINE,
msg=f"source={source} mode={mode}")
# test we can create and advance a function type
globals_ = {'asyncio': asyncio, 'a': 0, 'arange': arange}
async_f = FunctionType(co, globals_)
asyncio.run(async_f())
self.assertEqual(globals_['a'], 1)
# test we can await-eval,
globals_ = {'asyncio': asyncio, 'a': 0, 'arange': arange}
asyncio.run(eval(co, globals_))
self.assertEqual(globals_['a'], 1)
finally:
asyncio.set_event_loop_policy(policy)
def test_compile_top_level_await_invalid_cases(self):
# helper function just to check we can run top=level async-for
async def arange(n):
for i in range(n):
yield i
modes = ('single', 'exec')
code_samples = [
'''def f(): await arange(10)\n''',
'''def f(): [x async for x in arange(10)]\n''',
'''def f(): [await x async for x in arange(10)]\n''',
'''def f():
async for i in arange(1):
a = 1
''',
'''def f():
async with asyncio.Lock() as l:
a = 1
'''
]
policy = maybe_get_event_loop_policy()
try:
for mode, code_sample in product(modes, code_samples):
source = dedent(code_sample)
with self.assertRaises(
SyntaxError, msg=f"source={source} mode={mode}"):
compile(source, '?', mode)
with self.assertRaises(
SyntaxError, msg=f"source={source} mode={mode}"):
co = compile(source,
'?',
mode,
flags=ast.PyCF_ALLOW_TOP_LEVEL_AWAIT)
finally:
asyncio.set_event_loop_policy(policy)
def test_compile_async_generator(self):
"""
With the PyCF_ALLOW_TOP_LEVEL_AWAIT flag added in 3.8, we want to
make sure AsyncGenerators are still properly not marked with the
CO_COROUTINE flag.
"""
code = dedent("""async def ticker():
for i in range(10):
yield i
await asyncio.sleep(0)""")
co = compile(code, '?', 'exec', flags=ast.PyCF_ALLOW_TOP_LEVEL_AWAIT)
glob = {}
exec(co, glob)
self.assertEqual(type(glob['ticker']()), AsyncGeneratorType)
def test_compile_ast(self):
args = ("a*(1+2)", "f.py", "exec")
raw = compile(*args, flags = ast.PyCF_ONLY_AST).body[0]
opt1 = compile(*args, flags = ast.PyCF_OPTIMIZED_AST).body[0]
opt2 = compile(ast.parse(args[0]), *args[1:], flags = ast.PyCF_OPTIMIZED_AST).body[0]
for tree in (raw, opt1, opt2):
self.assertIsInstance(tree.value, ast.BinOp)
self.assertIsInstance(tree.value.op, ast.Mult)
self.assertIsInstance(tree.value.left, ast.Name)
self.assertEqual(tree.value.left.id, 'a')
raw_right = raw.value.right # expect BinOp(1, '+', 2)
self.assertIsInstance(raw_right, ast.BinOp)
self.assertIsInstance(raw_right.left, ast.Constant)
self.assertEqual(raw_right.left.value, 1)
self.assertIsInstance(raw_right.right, ast.Constant)
self.assertEqual(raw_right.right.value, 2)
for opt in [opt1, opt2]:
opt_right = opt.value.right # expect Constant(3)
self.assertIsInstance(opt_right, ast.Constant)
self.assertEqual(opt_right.value, 3)
def test_delattr(self):
sys.spam = 1
delattr(sys, 'spam')
self.assertRaises(TypeError, delattr)
self.assertRaises(TypeError, delattr, sys)
msg = r"^attribute name must be string, not 'int'$"
self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, msg, delattr, sys, 1)
def test_dir(self):
# dir(wrong number of arguments)
self.assertRaises(TypeError, dir, 42, 42)
# dir() - local scope
local_var = 1
self.assertIn('local_var', dir())
# dir(module)
self.assertIn('exit', dir(sys))
# dir(module_with_invalid__dict__)
class Foo(types.ModuleType):
__dict__ = 8
f = Foo("foo")
self.assertRaises(TypeError, dir, f)
# dir(type)
self.assertIn("strip", dir(str))
self.assertNotIn("__mro__", dir(str))
# dir(obj)
class Foo(object):
def __init__(self):
self.x = 7
self.y = 8
self.z = 9
f = Foo()
self.assertIn("y", dir(f))
# dir(obj_no__dict__)
class Foo(object):
__slots__ = []
f = Foo()
self.assertIn("__repr__", dir(f))
# dir(obj_no__class__with__dict__)
# (an ugly trick to cause getattr(f, "__class__") to fail)
class Foo(object):
__slots__ = ["__class__", "__dict__"]
def __init__(self):
self.bar = "wow"
f = Foo()
self.assertNotIn("__repr__", dir(f))
self.assertIn("bar", dir(f))
# dir(obj_using __dir__)
class Foo(object):
def __dir__(self):
return ["kan", "ga", "roo"]
f = Foo()
self.assertTrue(dir(f) == ["ga", "kan", "roo"])
# dir(obj__dir__tuple)
class Foo(object):
def __dir__(self):
return ("b", "c", "a")
res = dir(Foo())
self.assertIsInstance(res, list)
self.assertTrue(res == ["a", "b", "c"])
# dir(obj__dir__iterable)
class Foo(object):
def __dir__(self):
return {"b", "c", "a"}
res = dir(Foo())
self.assertIsInstance(res, list)
self.assertEqual(sorted(res), ["a", "b", "c"])
# dir(obj__dir__not_sequence)
class Foo(object):
def __dir__(self):
return 7
f = Foo()
self.assertRaises(TypeError, dir, f)
# dir(traceback)
try:
raise IndexError
except IndexError as e:
self.assertEqual(len(dir(e.__traceback__)), 4)
# test that object has a __dir__()
self.assertEqual(sorted([].__dir__()), dir([]))
def test___ne__(self):
self.assertFalse(None.__ne__(None))
self.assertIs(None.__ne__(0), NotImplemented)
self.assertIs(None.__ne__("abc"), NotImplemented)
def test_divmod(self):
self.assertEqual(divmod(12, 7), (1, 5))
self.assertEqual(divmod(-12, 7), (-2, 2))
self.assertEqual(divmod(12, -7), (-2, -2))
self.assertEqual(divmod(-12, -7), (1, -5))
self.assertEqual(divmod(-sys.maxsize-1, -1), (sys.maxsize+1, 0))
for num, denom, exp_result in [ (3.25, 1.0, (3.0, 0.25)),
(-3.25, 1.0, (-4.0, 0.75)),
(3.25, -1.0, (-4.0, -0.75)),
(-3.25, -1.0, (3.0, -0.25))]:
result = divmod(num, denom)
self.assertAlmostEqual(result[0], exp_result[0])
self.assertAlmostEqual(result[1], exp_result[1])
self.assertRaises(TypeError, divmod)
self.assertRaisesRegex(
ZeroDivisionError,
"division by zero",
divmod, 1, 0,
)
self.assertRaisesRegex(
ZeroDivisionError,
"division by zero",
divmod, 0.0, 0,
)
def test_eval(self):
self.assertEqual(eval('1+1'), 2)
self.assertEqual(eval(' 1+1\n'), 2)
globals = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}
locals = {'b': 200, 'c': 300}
self.assertEqual(eval('a', globals) , 1)
self.assertEqual(eval('a', globals, locals), 1)
self.assertEqual(eval('b', globals, locals), 200)
self.assertEqual(eval('c', globals, locals), 300)
globals = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}
locals = {'b': 200, 'c': 300}
bom = b'\xef\xbb\xbf'
self.assertEqual(eval(bom + b'a', globals, locals), 1)
self.assertEqual(eval('"\xe5"', globals), "\xe5")
self.assertRaises(TypeError, eval)
self.assertRaises(TypeError, eval, ())
self.assertRaises(SyntaxError, eval, bom[:2] + b'a')
class X:
def __getitem__(self, key):
raise ValueError
self.assertRaises(ValueError, eval, "foo", {}, X())
def test_eval_kwargs(self):
data = {"A_GLOBAL_VALUE": 456}
self.assertEqual(eval("globals()['A_GLOBAL_VALUE']", globals=data), 456)
self.assertEqual(eval("globals()['A_GLOBAL_VALUE']", locals=data), 123)
def test_general_eval(self):
# Tests that general mappings can be used for the locals argument
class M:
"Test mapping interface versus possible calls from eval()."
def __getitem__(self, key):
if key == 'a':
return 12
raise KeyError
def keys(self):
return list('xyz')
m = M()
g = globals()
self.assertEqual(eval('a', g, m), 12)
self.assertRaises(NameError, eval, 'b', g, m)
self.assertEqual(eval('dir()', g, m), list('xyz'))
self.assertEqual(eval('globals()', g, m), g)
self.assertEqual(eval('locals()', g, m), m)
self.assertRaises(TypeError, eval, 'a', m)
class A:
"Non-mapping"
pass
m = A()
self.assertRaises(TypeError, eval, 'a', g, m)
# Verify that dict subclasses work as well
class D(dict):
def __getitem__(self, key):
if key == 'a':
return 12
return dict.__getitem__(self, key)
def keys(self):
return list('xyz')
d = D()
self.assertEqual(eval('a', g, d), 12)
self.assertRaises(NameError, eval, 'b', g, d)
self.assertEqual(eval('dir()', g, d), list('xyz'))
self.assertEqual(eval('globals()', g, d), g)
self.assertEqual(eval('locals()', g, d), d)
# Verify locals stores (used by list comps)
eval('[locals() for i in (2,3)]', g, d)
eval('[locals() for i in (2,3)]', g, collections.UserDict())
class SpreadSheet:
"Sample application showing nested, calculated lookups."
_cells = {}
def __setitem__(self, key, formula):
self._cells[key] = formula
def __getitem__(self, key):
return eval(self._cells[key], globals(), self)
ss = SpreadSheet()
ss['a1'] = '5'
ss['a2'] = 'a1*6'
ss['a3'] = 'a2*7'
self.assertEqual(ss['a3'], 210)
# Verify that dir() catches a non-list returned by eval
# SF bug #1004669
class C:
def __getitem__(self, item):
raise KeyError(item)
def keys(self):
return 1 # used to be 'a' but that's no longer an error
self.assertRaises(TypeError, eval, 'dir()', globals(), C())
def test_exec(self):
g = {}
exec('z = 1', g)
if '__builtins__' in g:
del g['__builtins__']
self.assertEqual(g, {'z': 1})
exec('z = 1+1', g)
if '__builtins__' in g:
del g['__builtins__']
self.assertEqual(g, {'z': 2})
g = {}
l = {}
with check_warnings():
warnings.filterwarnings("ignore", "global statement",
module="<string>")
exec('global a; a = 1; b = 2', g, l)
if '__builtins__' in g:
del g['__builtins__']
if '__builtins__' in l:
del l['__builtins__']
self.assertEqual((g, l), ({'a': 1}, {'b': 2}))
def test_exec_kwargs(self):
g = {}
exec('global z\nz = 1', globals=g)
if '__builtins__' in g:
del g['__builtins__']
self.assertEqual(g, {'z': 1})
# if we only set locals, the global assignment will not
# reach this locals dictionary
g = {}
exec('global z\nz = 1', locals=g)
self.assertEqual(g, {})
def test_exec_globals(self):
code = compile("print('Hello World!')", "", "exec")
# no builtin function
self.assertRaisesRegex(NameError, "name 'print' is not defined",
exec, code, {'__builtins__': {}})
# __builtins__ must be a mapping type
self.assertRaises(TypeError,
exec, code, {'__builtins__': 123})
def test_exec_globals_frozen(self):
class frozendict_error(Exception):
pass
class frozendict(dict):
def __setitem__(self, key, value):
raise frozendict_error("frozendict is readonly")
# read-only builtins
if isinstance(__builtins__, types.ModuleType):
frozen_builtins = frozendict(__builtins__.__dict__)
else:
frozen_builtins = frozendict(__builtins__)
code = compile("__builtins__['superglobal']=2; print(superglobal)", "test", "exec")
self.assertRaises(frozendict_error,
exec, code, {'__builtins__': frozen_builtins})
# no __build_class__ function
code = compile("class A: pass", "", "exec")
self.assertRaisesRegex(NameError, "__build_class__ not found",
exec, code, {'__builtins__': {}})
# __build_class__ in a custom __builtins__
exec(code, {'__builtins__': frozen_builtins})
self.assertRaisesRegex(NameError, "__build_class__ not found",
exec, code, {'__builtins__': frozendict()})
# read-only globals
namespace = frozendict({})
code = compile("x=1", "test", "exec")
self.assertRaises(frozendict_error,
exec, code, namespace)
def test_exec_globals_error_on_get(self):
# custom `globals` or `builtins` can raise errors on item access
class setonlyerror(Exception):
pass
class setonlydict(dict):
def __getitem__(self, key):
raise setonlyerror
# globals' `__getitem__` raises
code = compile("globalname", "test", "exec")
self.assertRaises(setonlyerror,
exec, code, setonlydict({'globalname': 1}))
# builtins' `__getitem__` raises
code = compile("superglobal", "test", "exec")
self.assertRaises(setonlyerror, exec, code,
{'__builtins__': setonlydict({'superglobal': 1})})
def test_exec_globals_dict_subclass(self):
class customdict(dict): # this one should not do anything fancy
pass
code = compile("superglobal", "test", "exec")
# works correctly
exec(code, {'__builtins__': customdict({'superglobal': 1})})
# custom builtins dict subclass is missing key
self.assertRaisesRegex(NameError, "name 'superglobal' is not defined",
exec, code, {'__builtins__': customdict()})
def test_eval_builtins_mapping(self):
code = compile("superglobal", "test", "eval")
# works correctly
ns = {'__builtins__': types.MappingProxyType({'superglobal': 1})}
self.assertEqual(eval(code, ns), 1)
# custom builtins mapping is missing key
ns = {'__builtins__': types.MappingProxyType({})}
self.assertRaisesRegex(NameError, "name 'superglobal' is not defined",
eval, code, ns)
def test_exec_builtins_mapping_import(self):
code = compile("import foo.bar", "test", "exec")
ns = {'__builtins__': types.MappingProxyType({})}
self.assertRaisesRegex(ImportError, "__import__ not found", exec, code, ns)
ns = {'__builtins__': types.MappingProxyType({'__import__': lambda *args: args})}
exec(code, ns)
self.assertEqual(ns['foo'], ('foo.bar', ns, ns, None, 0))
def test_eval_builtins_mapping_reduce(self):
# list_iterator.__reduce__() calls _PyEval_GetBuiltin("iter")
code = compile("x.__reduce__()", "test", "eval")
ns = {'__builtins__': types.MappingProxyType({}), 'x': iter([1, 2])}
self.assertRaisesRegex(AttributeError, "iter", eval, code, ns)
ns = {'__builtins__': types.MappingProxyType({'iter': iter}), 'x': iter([1, 2])}
self.assertEqual(eval(code, ns), (iter, ([1, 2],), 0))
def test_exec_redirected(self):
savestdout = sys.stdout
sys.stdout = None # Whatever that cannot flush()
try:
# Used to raise SystemError('error return without exception set')
exec('a')
except NameError:
pass
finally:
sys.stdout = savestdout
def test_exec_closure(self):
def function_without_closures():
return 3 * 5
result = 0
def make_closure_functions():
a = 2
b = 3
c = 5
def three_freevars():
nonlocal result
nonlocal a
nonlocal b
result = a*b
def four_freevars():
nonlocal result
nonlocal a
nonlocal b
nonlocal c
result = a*b*c
return three_freevars, four_freevars
three_freevars, four_freevars = make_closure_functions()
# "smoke" test
result = 0
exec(three_freevars.__code__,
three_freevars.__globals__,
closure=three_freevars.__closure__)
self.assertEqual(result, 6)
# should also work with a manually created closure
result = 0
my_closure = (CellType(35), CellType(72), three_freevars.__closure__[2])
exec(three_freevars.__code__,
three_freevars.__globals__,
closure=my_closure)
self.assertEqual(result, 2520)
# should fail: closure isn't allowed
# for functions without free vars
self.assertRaises(TypeError,
exec,
function_without_closures.__code__,
function_without_closures.__globals__,
closure=my_closure)
# should fail: closure required but wasn't specified
self.assertRaises(TypeError,
exec,
three_freevars.__code__,
three_freevars.__globals__,
closure=None)
# should fail: closure of wrong length
self.assertRaises(TypeError,
exec,
three_freevars.__code__,
three_freevars.__globals__,
closure=four_freevars.__closure__)
# should fail: closure using a list instead of a tuple
my_closure = list(my_closure)
self.assertRaises(TypeError,
exec,
three_freevars.__code__,
three_freevars.__globals__,
closure=my_closure)
# should fail: closure tuple with one non-cell-var
my_closure[0] = int
my_closure = tuple(my_closure)
self.assertRaises(TypeError,
exec,
three_freevars.__code__,
three_freevars.__globals__,
closure=my_closure)
def test_filter(self):
self.assertEqual(list(filter(lambda c: 'a' <= c <= 'z', 'Hello World')), list('elloorld'))
self.assertEqual(list(filter(None, [1, 'hello', [], [3], '', None, 9, 0])), [1, 'hello', [3], 9])
self.assertEqual(list(filter(lambda x: x > 0, [1, -3, 9, 0, 2])), [1, 9, 2])
self.assertEqual(list(filter(None, Squares(10))), [1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81])
self.assertEqual(list(filter(lambda x: x%2, Squares(10))), [1, 9, 25, 49, 81])
def identity(item):
return 1
filter(identity, Squares(5))
self.assertRaises(TypeError, filter)
class BadSeq(object):
def __getitem__(self, index):
if index<4:
return 42
raise ValueError
self.assertRaises(ValueError, list, filter(lambda x: x, BadSeq()))
def badfunc():
pass
self.assertRaises(TypeError, list, filter(badfunc, range(5)))
# test bltinmodule.c::filtertuple()
self.assertEqual(list(filter(None, (1, 2))), [1, 2])
self.assertEqual(list(filter(lambda x: x>=3, (1, 2, 3, 4))), [3, 4])
self.assertRaises(TypeError, list, filter(42, (1, 2)))
def test_filter_pickle(self):
for proto in range(pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
f1 = filter(filter_char, "abcdeabcde")
f2 = filter(filter_char, "abcdeabcde")
self.check_iter_pickle(f1, list(f2), proto)
@support.requires_resource('cpu')
def test_filter_dealloc(self):
# Tests recursive deallocation of nested filter objects using the
# thrashcan mechanism. See gh-102356 for more details.
max_iters = 1000000
i = filter(bool, range(max_iters))
for _ in range(max_iters):
i = filter(bool, i)
del i
gc.collect()
def test_getattr(self):
self.assertTrue(getattr(sys, 'stdout') is sys.stdout)
self.assertRaises(TypeError, getattr)
self.assertRaises(TypeError, getattr, sys)
msg = r"^attribute name must be string, not 'int'$"
self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, msg, getattr, sys, 1)
self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, msg, getattr, sys, 1, 'spam')
self.assertRaises(AttributeError, getattr, sys, chr(sys.maxunicode))
# unicode surrogates are not encodable to the default encoding (utf8)
self.assertRaises(AttributeError, getattr, 1, "\uDAD1\uD51E")
def test_hasattr(self):
self.assertTrue(hasattr(sys, 'stdout'))
self.assertRaises(TypeError, hasattr)
self.assertRaises(TypeError, hasattr, sys)
msg = r"^attribute name must be string, not 'int'$"
self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, msg, hasattr, sys, 1)
self.assertEqual(False, hasattr(sys, chr(sys.maxunicode)))
# Check that hasattr propagates all exceptions outside of
# AttributeError.
class A:
def __getattr__(self, what):
raise SystemExit
self.assertRaises(SystemExit, hasattr, A(), "b")
class B:
def __getattr__(self, what):
raise ValueError
self.assertRaises(ValueError, hasattr, B(), "b")
def test_hash(self):
hash(None)
self.assertEqual(hash(1), hash(1))
self.assertEqual(hash(1), hash(1.0))
hash('spam')
self.assertEqual(hash('spam'), hash(b'spam'))
hash((0,1,2,3))
def f(): pass
hash(f)
self.assertRaises(TypeError, hash, [])
self.assertRaises(TypeError, hash, {})
# Bug 1536021: Allow hash to return long objects
class X:
def __hash__(self):
return 2**100
self.assertEqual(type(hash(X())), int)
class Z(int):
def __hash__(self):
return self
self.assertEqual(hash(Z(42)), hash(42))
def test_hex(self):
self.assertEqual(hex(16), '0x10')
self.assertEqual(hex(-16), '-0x10')
self.assertRaises(TypeError, hex, {})
def test_id(self):
id(None)
id(1)
id(1.0)
id('spam')
id((0,1,2,3))
id([0,1,2,3])
id({'spam': 1, 'eggs': 2, 'ham': 3})
# Test input() later, alphabetized as if it were raw_input
def test_iter(self):
self.assertRaises(TypeError, iter)
self.assertRaises(TypeError, iter, 42, 42)
lists = [("1", "2"), ["1", "2"], "12"]
for l in lists:
i = iter(l)
self.assertEqual(next(i), '1')
self.assertEqual(next(i), '2')
self.assertRaises(StopIteration, next, i)
def test_isinstance(self):
class C:
pass
class D(C):
pass
class E:
pass
c = C()
d = D()
e = E()
self.assertTrue(isinstance(c, C))
self.assertTrue(isinstance(d, C))
self.assertTrue(not isinstance(e, C))
self.assertTrue(not isinstance(c, D))
self.assertTrue(not isinstance('foo', E))
self.assertRaises(TypeError, isinstance, E, 'foo')
self.assertRaises(TypeError, isinstance)
def test_issubclass(self):
class C:
pass
class D(C):
pass
class E:
pass
c = C()
d = D()
e = E()
self.assertTrue(issubclass(D, C))
self.assertTrue(issubclass(C, C))
self.assertTrue(not issubclass(C, D))
self.assertRaises(TypeError, issubclass, 'foo', E)
self.assertRaises(TypeError, issubclass, E, 'foo')
self.assertRaises(TypeError, issubclass)
def test_len(self):
self.assertEqual(len('123'), 3)
self.assertEqual(len(()), 0)
self.assertEqual(len((1, 2, 3, 4)), 4)
self.assertEqual(len([1, 2, 3, 4]), 4)
self.assertEqual(len({}), 0)
self.assertEqual(len({'a':1, 'b': 2}), 2)
class BadSeq:
def __len__(self):
raise ValueError
self.assertRaises(ValueError, len, BadSeq())
class InvalidLen:
def __len__(self):
return None
self.assertRaises(TypeError, len, InvalidLen())
class FloatLen:
def __len__(self):
return 4.5
self.assertRaises(TypeError, len, FloatLen())
class NegativeLen:
def __len__(self):
return -10
self.assertRaises(ValueError, len, NegativeLen())
class HugeLen:
def __len__(self):
return sys.maxsize + 1
self.assertRaises(OverflowError, len, HugeLen())
class HugeNegativeLen:
def __len__(self):
return -sys.maxsize-10
self.assertRaises(ValueError, len, HugeNegativeLen())
class NoLenMethod(object): pass
self.assertRaises(TypeError, len, NoLenMethod())
def test_map(self):
self.assertEqual(
list(map(lambda x: x*x, range(1,4))),
[1, 4, 9]
)
try:
from math import sqrt
except ImportError:
def sqrt(x):
return pow(x, 0.5)
self.assertEqual(
list(map(lambda x: list(map(sqrt, x)), [[16, 4], [81, 9]])),
[[4.0, 2.0], [9.0, 3.0]]
)
self.assertEqual(
list(map(lambda x, y: x+y, [1,3,2], [9,1,4])),
[10, 4, 6]
)
def plus(*v):
accu = 0
for i in v: accu = accu + i
return accu
self.assertEqual(
list(map(plus, [1, 3, 7])),
[1, 3, 7]
)
self.assertEqual(
list(map(plus, [1, 3, 7], [4, 9, 2])),
[1+4, 3+9, 7+2]
)
self.assertEqual(
list(map(plus, [1, 3, 7], [4, 9, 2], [1, 1, 0])),
[1+4+1, 3+9+1, 7+2+0]
)
self.assertEqual(
list(map(int, Squares(10))),
[0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81]
)
def Max(a, b):
if a is None:
return b
if b is None:
return a
return max(a, b)
self.assertEqual(
list(map(Max, Squares(3), Squares(2))),
[0, 1]
)
self.assertRaises(TypeError, map)
self.assertRaises(TypeError, map, lambda x: x, 42)
class BadSeq:
def __iter__(self):
raise ValueError
yield None
self.assertRaises(ValueError, list, map(lambda x: x, BadSeq()))
def badfunc(x):
raise RuntimeError
self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, list, map(badfunc, range(5)))
def test_map_pickle(self):
for proto in range(pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
m1 = map(map_char, "Is this the real life?")
m2 = map(map_char, "Is this the real life?")
self.check_iter_pickle(m1, list(m2), proto)
def test_max(self):
self.assertEqual(max('123123'), '3')
self.assertEqual(max(1, 2, 3), 3)
self.assertEqual(max((1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3)), 3)
self.assertEqual(max([1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3]), 3)
self.assertEqual(max(1, 2, 3.0), 3.0)
self.assertEqual(max(1, 2.0, 3), 3)
self.assertEqual(max(1.0, 2, 3), 3)
with self.assertRaisesRegex(
TypeError,
'max expected at least 1 argument, got 0'
):
max()
self.assertRaises(TypeError, max, 42)
with self.assertRaisesRegex(
ValueError,
r'max\(\) iterable argument is empty'
):
max(())
class BadSeq:
def __getitem__(self, index):
raise ValueError
self.assertRaises(ValueError, max, BadSeq())
for stmt in (
"max(key=int)", # no args
"max(default=None)",
"max(1, 2, default=None)", # require container for default
"max(default=None, key=int)",
"max(1, key=int)", # single arg not iterable
"max(1, 2, keystone=int)", # wrong keyword
"max(1, 2, key=int, abc=int)", # two many keywords
"max(1, 2, key=1)", # keyfunc is not callable
):
try:
exec(stmt, globals())
except TypeError:
pass
else:
self.fail(stmt)
self.assertEqual(max((1,), key=neg), 1) # one elem iterable
self.assertEqual(max((1,2), key=neg), 1) # two elem iterable
self.assertEqual(max(1, 2, key=neg), 1) # two elems
self.assertEqual(max((), default=None), None) # zero elem iterable
self.assertEqual(max((1,), default=None), 1) # one elem iterable
self.assertEqual(max((1,2), default=None), 2) # two elem iterable
self.assertEqual(max((), default=1, key=neg), 1)
self.assertEqual(max((1, 2), default=3, key=neg), 1)
self.assertEqual(max((1, 2), key=None), 2)
data = [random.randrange(200) for i in range(100)]
keys = dict((elem, random.randrange(50)) for elem in data)
f = keys.__getitem__
self.assertEqual(max(data, key=f),
sorted(reversed(data), key=f)[-1])
def test_min(self):
self.assertEqual(min('123123'), '1')
self.assertEqual(min(1, 2, 3), 1)
self.assertEqual(min((1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3)), 1)
self.assertEqual(min([1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3]), 1)
self.assertEqual(min(1, 2, 3.0), 1)
self.assertEqual(min(1, 2.0, 3), 1)
self.assertEqual(min(1.0, 2, 3), 1.0)
with self.assertRaisesRegex(
TypeError,
'min expected at least 1 argument, got 0'
):
min()
self.assertRaises(TypeError, min, 42)
with self.assertRaisesRegex(
ValueError,
r'min\(\) iterable argument is empty'
):
min(())
class BadSeq:
def __getitem__(self, index):
raise ValueError
self.assertRaises(ValueError, min, BadSeq())
for stmt in (
"min(key=int)", # no args
"min(default=None)",
"min(1, 2, default=None)", # require container for default
"min(default=None, key=int)",
"min(1, key=int)", # single arg not iterable
"min(1, 2, keystone=int)", # wrong keyword
"min(1, 2, key=int, abc=int)", # two many keywords
"min(1, 2, key=1)", # keyfunc is not callable
):
try:
exec(stmt, globals())
except TypeError:
pass
else:
self.fail(stmt)
self.assertEqual(min((1,), key=neg), 1) # one elem iterable
self.assertEqual(min((1,2), key=neg), 2) # two elem iterable
self.assertEqual(min(1, 2, key=neg), 2) # two elems
self.assertEqual(min((), default=None), None) # zero elem iterable
self.assertEqual(min((1,), default=None), 1) # one elem iterable
self.assertEqual(min((1,2), default=None), 1) # two elem iterable
self.assertEqual(min((), default=1, key=neg), 1)
self.assertEqual(min((1, 2), default=1, key=neg), 2)
self.assertEqual(min((1, 2), key=None), 1)
data = [random.randrange(200) for i in range(100)]
keys = dict((elem, random.randrange(50)) for elem in data)
f = keys.__getitem__
self.assertEqual(min(data, key=f),
sorted(data, key=f)[0])
def test_next(self):
it = iter(range(2))
self.assertEqual(next(it), 0)
self.assertEqual(next(it), 1)
self.assertRaises(StopIteration, next, it)
self.assertRaises(StopIteration, next, it)
self.assertEqual(next(it, 42), 42)
class Iter(object):
def __iter__(self):
return self
def __next__(self):
raise StopIteration
it = iter(Iter())
self.assertEqual(next(it, 42), 42)
self.assertRaises(StopIteration, next, it)
def gen():
yield 1
return
it = gen()
self.assertEqual(next(it), 1)
self.assertRaises(StopIteration, next, it)
self.assertEqual(next(it, 42), 42)
def test_oct(self):
self.assertEqual(oct(100), '0o144')
self.assertEqual(oct(-100), '-0o144')
self.assertRaises(TypeError, oct, ())
def write_testfile(self):
# NB the first 4 lines are also used to test input, below
fp = open(TESTFN, 'w', encoding="utf-8")
self.addCleanup(unlink, TESTFN)
with fp:
fp.write('1+1\n')
fp.write('The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog')
fp.write('.\n')
fp.write('Dear John\n')
fp.write('XXX'*100)
fp.write('YYY'*100)
def test_open(self):
self.write_testfile()
fp = open(TESTFN, encoding="utf-8")
with fp:
self.assertEqual(fp.readline(4), '1+1\n')
self.assertEqual(fp.readline(), 'The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.\n')
self.assertEqual(fp.readline(4), 'Dear')
self.assertEqual(fp.readline(100), ' John\n')
self.assertEqual(fp.read(300), 'XXX'*100)
self.assertEqual(fp.read(1000), 'YYY'*100)
# embedded null bytes and characters
self.assertRaises(ValueError, open, 'a\x00b')
self.assertRaises(ValueError, open, b'a\x00b')
@unittest.skipIf(sys.flags.utf8_mode, "utf-8 mode is enabled")
def test_open_default_encoding(self):
old_environ = dict(os.environ)
try:
# try to get a user preferred encoding different than the current
# locale encoding to check that open() uses the current locale
# encoding and not the user preferred encoding
for key in ('LC_ALL', 'LANG', 'LC_CTYPE'):
if key in os.environ:
del os.environ[key]
self.write_testfile()
current_locale_encoding = locale.getencoding()
with warnings.catch_warnings():
warnings.simplefilter("ignore", EncodingWarning)
fp = open(TESTFN, 'w')
with fp:
self.assertEqual(fp.encoding, current_locale_encoding)
finally:
os.environ.clear()
os.environ.update(old_environ)
@support.requires_subprocess()
def test_open_non_inheritable(self):
fileobj = open(__file__, encoding="utf-8")
with fileobj:
self.assertFalse(os.get_inheritable(fileobj.fileno()))
def test_ord(self):
self.assertEqual(ord(' '), 32)
self.assertEqual(ord('A'), 65)
self.assertEqual(ord('a'), 97)
self.assertEqual(ord('\x80'), 128)
self.assertEqual(ord('\xff'), 255)
self.assertEqual(ord(b' '), 32)
self.assertEqual(ord(b'A'), 65)
self.assertEqual(ord(b'a'), 97)
self.assertEqual(ord(b'\x80'), 128)
self.assertEqual(ord(b'\xff'), 255)
self.assertEqual(ord(chr(sys.maxunicode)), sys.maxunicode)
self.assertRaises(TypeError, ord, 42)
self.assertEqual(ord(chr(0x10FFFF)), 0x10FFFF)
self.assertEqual(ord("\U0000FFFF"), 0x0000FFFF)
self.assertEqual(ord("\U00010000"), 0x00010000)
self.assertEqual(ord("\U00010001"), 0x00010001)
self.assertEqual(ord("\U000FFFFE"), 0x000FFFFE)
self.assertEqual(ord("\U000FFFFF"), 0x000FFFFF)
self.assertEqual(ord("\U00100000"), 0x00100000)
self.assertEqual(ord("\U00100001"), 0x00100001)
self.assertEqual(ord("\U0010FFFE"), 0x0010FFFE)
self.assertEqual(ord("\U0010FFFF"), 0x0010FFFF)
def test_pow(self):
self.assertEqual(pow(0,0), 1)
self.assertEqual(pow(0,1), 0)
self.assertEqual(pow(1,0), 1)
self.assertEqual(pow(1,1), 1)
self.assertEqual(pow(2,0), 1)
self.assertEqual(pow(2,10), 1024)
self.assertEqual(pow(2,20), 1024*1024)
self.assertEqual(pow(2,30), 1024*1024*1024)
self.assertEqual(pow(-2,0), 1)
self.assertEqual(pow(-2,1), -2)
self.assertEqual(pow(-2,2), 4)
self.assertEqual(pow(-2,3), -8)
self.assertAlmostEqual(pow(0.,0), 1.)
self.assertAlmostEqual(pow(0.,1), 0.)
self.assertAlmostEqual(pow(1.,0), 1.)
self.assertAlmostEqual(pow(1.,1), 1.)
self.assertAlmostEqual(pow(2.,0), 1.)
self.assertAlmostEqual(pow(2.,10), 1024.)
self.assertAlmostEqual(pow(2.,20), 1024.*1024.)
self.assertAlmostEqual(pow(2.,30), 1024.*1024.*1024.)
self.assertAlmostEqual(pow(-2.,0), 1.)
self.assertAlmostEqual(pow(-2.,1), -2.)
self.assertAlmostEqual(pow(-2.,2), 4.)
self.assertAlmostEqual(pow(-2.,3), -8.)
for x in 2, 2.0:
for y in 10, 10.0:
for z in 1000, 1000.0:
if isinstance(x, float) or \
isinstance(y, float) or \
isinstance(z, float):
self.assertRaises(TypeError, pow, x, y, z)
else:
self.assertAlmostEqual(pow(x, y, z), 24.0)
self.assertAlmostEqual(pow(-1, 0.5), 1j)
self.assertAlmostEqual(pow(-1, 1/3), 0.5 + 0.8660254037844386j)
# See test_pow for additional tests for three-argument pow.
self.assertEqual(pow(-1, -2, 3), 1)
self.assertRaises(ValueError, pow, 1, 2, 0)
self.assertRaises(TypeError, pow)
# Test passing in arguments as keywords.
self.assertEqual(pow(0, exp=0), 1)
self.assertEqual(pow(base=2, exp=4), 16)
self.assertEqual(pow(base=5, exp=2, mod=14), 11)
twopow = partial(pow, base=2)
self.assertEqual(twopow(exp=5), 32)
fifth_power = partial(pow, exp=5)
self.assertEqual(fifth_power(2), 32)
mod10 = partial(pow, mod=10)
self.assertEqual(mod10(2, 6), 4)
self.assertEqual(mod10(exp=6, base=2), 4)
def test_input(self):
self.write_testfile()
fp = open(TESTFN, encoding="utf-8")
savestdin = sys.stdin
savestdout = sys.stdout # Eats the echo
try:
sys.stdin = fp
sys.stdout = BitBucket()
self.assertEqual(input(), "1+1")
self.assertEqual(input(), 'The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.')
self.assertEqual(input('testing\n'), 'Dear John')
# SF 1535165: don't segfault on closed stdin
# sys.stdout must be a regular file for triggering
sys.stdout = savestdout
sys.stdin.close()
self.assertRaises(ValueError, input)
sys.stdout = BitBucket()
sys.stdin = io.StringIO("NULL\0")
self.assertRaises(TypeError, input, 42, 42)
sys.stdin = io.StringIO(" 'whitespace'")
self.assertEqual(input(), " 'whitespace'")
sys.stdin = io.StringIO()
self.assertRaises(EOFError, input)
del sys.stdout
self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, input, 'prompt')
del sys.stdin
self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, input, 'prompt')
finally:
sys.stdin = savestdin
sys.stdout = savestdout
fp.close()
# test_int(): see test_int.py for tests of built-in function int().
def test_repr(self):
self.assertEqual(repr(''), '\'\'')
self.assertEqual(repr(0), '0')
self.assertEqual(repr(()), '()')
self.assertEqual(repr([]), '[]')
self.assertEqual(repr({}), '{}')
a = []
a.append(a)
self.assertEqual(repr(a), '[[...]]')
a = {}
a[0] = a
self.assertEqual(repr(a), '{0: {...}}')
def test_round(self):
self.assertEqual(round(0.0), 0.0)
self.assertEqual(type(round(0.0)), int)
self.assertEqual(round(1.0), 1.0)
self.assertEqual(round(10.0), 10.0)
self.assertEqual(round(1000000000.0), 1000000000.0)
self.assertEqual(round(1e20), 1e20)
self.assertEqual(round(-1.0), -1.0)
self.assertEqual(round(-10.0), -10.0)
self.assertEqual(round(-1000000000.0), -1000000000.0)
self.assertEqual(round(-1e20), -1e20)
self.assertEqual(round(0.1), 0.0)
self.assertEqual(round(1.1), 1.0)
self.assertEqual(round(10.1), 10.0)
self.assertEqual(round(1000000000.1), 1000000000.0)
self.assertEqual(round(-1.1), -1.0)
self.assertEqual(round(-10.1), -10.0)
self.assertEqual(round(-1000000000.1), -1000000000.0)
self.assertEqual(round(0.9), 1.0)
self.assertEqual(round(9.9), 10.0)
self.assertEqual(round(999999999.9), 1000000000.0)
self.assertEqual(round(-0.9), -1.0)
self.assertEqual(round(-9.9), -10.0)
self.assertEqual(round(-999999999.9), -1000000000.0)
self.assertEqual(round(-8.0, -1), -10.0)
self.assertEqual(type(round(-8.0, -1)), float)
self.assertEqual(type(round(-8.0, 0)), float)
self.assertEqual(type(round(-8.0, 1)), float)
# Check even / odd rounding behaviour
self.assertEqual(round(5.5), 6)
self.assertEqual(round(6.5), 6)
self.assertEqual(round(-5.5), -6)
self.assertEqual(round(-6.5), -6)
# Check behavior on ints
self.assertEqual(round(0), 0)
self.assertEqual(round(8), 8)
self.assertEqual(round(-8), -8)
self.assertEqual(type(round(0)), int)
self.assertEqual(type(round(-8, -1)), int)
self.assertEqual(type(round(-8, 0)), int)
self.assertEqual(type(round(-8, 1)), int)
# test new kwargs
self.assertEqual(round(number=-8.0, ndigits=-1), -10.0)
self.assertRaises(TypeError, round)
# test generic rounding delegation for reals
class TestRound:
def __round__(self):
return 23
class TestNoRound:
pass
self.assertEqual(round(TestRound()), 23)
self.assertRaises(TypeError, round, 1, 2, 3)
self.assertRaises(TypeError, round, TestNoRound())
t = TestNoRound()
t.__round__ = lambda *args: args
self.assertRaises(TypeError, round, t)
self.assertRaises(TypeError, round, t, 0)
# Some versions of glibc for alpha have a bug that affects
# float -> integer rounding (floor, ceil, rint, round) for
# values in the range [2**52, 2**53). See:
#
# http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=5350
#
# We skip this test on Linux/alpha if it would fail.
linux_alpha = (platform.system().startswith('Linux') and
platform.machine().startswith('alpha'))
system_round_bug = round(5e15+1) != 5e15+1
@unittest.skipIf(linux_alpha and system_round_bug,
"test will fail; failure is probably due to a "
"buggy system round function")
def test_round_large(self):
# Issue #1869: integral floats should remain unchanged
self.assertEqual(round(5e15-1), 5e15-1)
self.assertEqual(round(5e15), 5e15)
self.assertEqual(round(5e15+1), 5e15+1)
self.assertEqual(round(5e15+2), 5e15+2)
self.assertEqual(round(5e15+3), 5e15+3)
def test_bug_27936(self):
# Verify that ndigits=None means the same as passing in no argument
for x in [1234,
1234.56,
decimal.Decimal('1234.56'),
fractions.Fraction(123456, 100)]:
self.assertEqual(round(x, None), round(x))
self.assertEqual(type(round(x, None)), type(round(x)))
def test_setattr(self):
setattr(sys, 'spam', 1)
self.assertEqual(sys.spam, 1)
self.assertRaises(TypeError, setattr)
self.assertRaises(TypeError, setattr, sys)
self.assertRaises(TypeError, setattr, sys, 'spam')
msg = r"^attribute name must be string, not 'int'$"
self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, msg, setattr, sys, 1, 'spam')
# test_str(): see test_str.py and test_bytes.py for str() tests.
def test_sum(self):
self.assertEqual(sum([]), 0)
self.assertEqual(sum(list(range(2,8))), 27)
self.assertEqual(sum(iter(list(range(2,8)))), 27)
self.assertEqual(sum(Squares(10)), 285)
self.assertEqual(sum(iter(Squares(10))), 285)
self.assertEqual(sum([[1], [2], [3]], []), [1, 2, 3])
self.assertEqual(sum(range(10), 1000), 1045)
self.assertEqual(sum(range(10), start=1000), 1045)
self.assertEqual(sum(range(10), 2**31-5), 2**31+40)
self.assertEqual(sum(range(10), 2**63-5), 2**63+40)
self.assertEqual(sum(i % 2 != 0 for i in range(10)), 5)
self.assertEqual(sum((i % 2 != 0 for i in range(10)), 2**31-3),
2**31+2)
self.assertEqual(sum((i % 2 != 0 for i in range(10)), 2**63-3),
2**63+2)
self.assertIs(sum([], False), False)
self.assertEqual(sum(i / 2 for i in range(10)), 22.5)
self.assertEqual(sum((i / 2 for i in range(10)), 1000), 1022.5)
self.assertEqual(sum((i / 2 for i in range(10)), 1000.25), 1022.75)
self.assertEqual(sum([0.5, 1]), 1.5)
self.assertEqual(sum([1, 0.5]), 1.5)
self.assertEqual(repr(sum([-0.0])), '0.0')
self.assertEqual(repr(sum([-0.0], -0.0)), '-0.0')
self.assertEqual(repr(sum([], -0.0)), '-0.0')
self.assertTrue(math.isinf(sum([float("inf"), float("inf")])))
self.assertTrue(math.isinf(sum([1e308, 1e308])))
self.assertRaises(TypeError, sum)
self.assertRaises(TypeError, sum, 42)
self.assertRaises(TypeError, sum, ['a', 'b', 'c'])
self.assertRaises(TypeError, sum, ['a', 'b', 'c'], '')
self.assertRaises(TypeError, sum, [b'a', b'c'], b'')
values = [bytearray(b'a'), bytearray(b'b')]
self.assertRaises(TypeError, sum, values, bytearray(b''))
self.assertRaises(TypeError, sum, [[1], [2], [3]])
self.assertRaises(TypeError, sum, [{2:3}])
self.assertRaises(TypeError, sum, [{2:3}]*2, {2:3})
self.assertRaises(TypeError, sum, [], '')
self.assertRaises(TypeError, sum, [], b'')
self.assertRaises(TypeError, sum, [], bytearray())
self.assertRaises(OverflowError, sum, [1.0, 10**1000])
self.assertRaises(OverflowError, sum, [1j, 10**1000])
class BadSeq:
def __getitem__(self, index):
raise ValueError
self.assertRaises(ValueError, sum, BadSeq())
empty = []
sum(([x] for x in range(10)), empty)
self.assertEqual(empty, [])
xs = [complex(random.random() - .5, random.random() - .5)
for _ in range(10000)]
self.assertEqual(sum(xs), complex(sum(z.real for z in xs),
sum(z.imag for z in xs)))
@requires_IEEE_754
@unittest.skipIf(HAVE_DOUBLE_ROUNDING,
"sum accuracy not guaranteed on machines with double rounding")
@support.cpython_only # Other implementations may choose a different algorithm
def test_sum_accuracy(self):
self.assertEqual(sum([0.1] * 10), 1.0)
self.assertEqual(sum([1.0, 10E100, 1.0, -10E100]), 2.0)
self.assertEqual(sum([1.0, 10E100, 1.0, -10E100, 2j]), 2+2j)
self.assertEqual(sum([2+1j, 10E100j, 1j, -10E100j]), 2+2j)
self.assertEqual(sum([1j, 1, 10E100j, 1j, 1.0, -10E100j]), 2+2j)
self.assertEqual(sum([2j, 1., 10E100, 1., -10E100]), 2+2j)
self.assertEqual(sum([1.0, 10**100, 1.0, -10**100]), 2.0)
self.assertEqual(sum([2j, 1.0, 10**100, 1.0, -10**100]), 2+2j)
self.assertEqual(sum([0.1j]*10 + [fractions.Fraction(1, 10)]), 0.1+1j)
def test_type(self):
self.assertEqual(type(''), type('123'))
self.assertNotEqual(type(''), type(()))
# We don't want self in vars(), so these are static methods
@staticmethod
def get_vars_f0():
return vars()
@staticmethod
def get_vars_f2():
BuiltinTest.get_vars_f0()
a = 1
b = 2
return vars()
class C_get_vars(object):
def getDict(self):
return {'a':2}
__dict__ = property(fget=getDict)
def test_vars(self):
self.assertEqual(set(vars()), set(dir()))
self.assertEqual(set(vars(sys)), set(dir(sys)))
self.assertEqual(self.get_vars_f0(), {})
self.assertEqual(self.get_vars_f2(), {'a': 1, 'b': 2})
self.assertRaises(TypeError, vars, 42, 42)
self.assertRaises(TypeError, vars, 42)
self.assertEqual(vars(self.C_get_vars()), {'a':2})
def iter_error(self, iterable, error):
"""Collect `iterable` into a list, catching an expected `error`."""
items = []
with self.assertRaises(error):
for item in iterable:
items.append(item)
return items
def test_zip(self):
a = (1, 2, 3)
b = (4, 5, 6)
t = [(1, 4), (2, 5), (3, 6)]
self.assertEqual(list(zip(a, b)), t)
b = [4, 5, 6]
self.assertEqual(list(zip(a, b)), t)
b = (4, 5, 6, 7)
self.assertEqual(list(zip(a, b)), t)
class I:
def __getitem__(self, i):
if i < 0 or i > 2: raise IndexError
return i + 4
self.assertEqual(list(zip(a, I())), t)
self.assertEqual(list(zip()), [])
self.assertEqual(list(zip(*[])), [])
self.assertRaises(TypeError, zip, None)
class G:
pass
self.assertRaises(TypeError, zip, a, G())
self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, zip, a, TestFailingIter())
# Make sure zip doesn't try to allocate a billion elements for the
# result list when one of its arguments doesn't say how long it is.
# A MemoryError is the most likely failure mode.
class SequenceWithoutALength:
def __getitem__(self, i):
if i == 5:
raise IndexError
else:
return i
self.assertEqual(
list(zip(SequenceWithoutALength(), range(2**30))),
list(enumerate(range(5)))
)
class BadSeq:
def __getitem__(self, i):
if i == 5:
raise ValueError
else:
return i
self.assertRaises(ValueError, list, zip(BadSeq(), BadSeq()))
def test_zip_pickle(self):
a = (1, 2, 3)
b = (4, 5, 6)
t = [(1, 4), (2, 5), (3, 6)]
for proto in range(pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
z1 = zip(a, b)
self.check_iter_pickle(z1, t, proto)
def test_zip_pickle_strict(self):
a = (1, 2, 3)
b = (4, 5, 6)
t = [(1, 4), (2, 5), (3, 6)]
for proto in range(pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
z1 = zip(a, b, strict=True)
self.check_iter_pickle(z1, t, proto)
def test_zip_pickle_strict_fail(self):
a = (1, 2, 3)
b = (4, 5, 6, 7)
t = [(1, 4), (2, 5), (3, 6)]
for proto in range(pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
z1 = zip(a, b, strict=True)
z2 = pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(z1, proto))
self.assertEqual(self.iter_error(z1, ValueError), t)
self.assertEqual(self.iter_error(z2, ValueError), t)
def test_zip_bad_iterable(self):
exception = TypeError()
class BadIterable:
def __iter__(self):
raise exception
with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as cm:
zip(BadIterable())
self.assertIs(cm.exception, exception)
def test_zip_strict(self):
self.assertEqual(tuple(zip((1, 2, 3), 'abc', strict=True)),
((1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')))
self.assertRaises(ValueError, tuple,
zip((1, 2, 3, 4), 'abc', strict=True))
self.assertRaises(ValueError, tuple,
zip((1, 2), 'abc', strict=True))
self.assertRaises(ValueError, tuple,
zip((1, 2), (1, 2), 'abc', strict=True))
def test_zip_strict_iterators(self):
x = iter(range(5))
y = [0]
z = iter(range(5))
self.assertRaises(ValueError, list,
(zip(x, y, z, strict=True)))
self.assertEqual(next(x), 2)
self.assertEqual(next(z), 1)
def test_zip_strict_error_handling(self):
class Error(Exception):
pass
class Iter:
def __init__(self, size):
self.size = size
def __iter__(self):
return self
def __next__(self):
self.size -= 1
if self.size < 0:
raise Error
return self.size
l1 = self.iter_error(zip("AB", Iter(1), strict=True), Error)
self.assertEqual(l1, [("A", 0)])
l2 = self.iter_error(zip("AB", Iter(2), "A", strict=True), ValueError)
self.assertEqual(l2, [("A", 1, "A")])
l3 = self.iter_error(zip("AB", Iter(2), "ABC", strict=True), Error)
self.assertEqual(l3, [("A", 1, "A"), ("B", 0, "B")])
l4 = self.iter_error(zip("AB", Iter(3), strict=True), ValueError)
self.assertEqual(l4, [("A", 2), ("B", 1)])
l5 = self.iter_error(zip(Iter(1), "AB", strict=True), Error)
self.assertEqual(l5, [(0, "A")])
l6 = self.iter_error(zip(Iter(2), "A", strict=True), ValueError)
self.assertEqual(l6, [(1, "A")])
l7 = self.iter_error(zip(Iter(2), "ABC", strict=True), Error)
self.assertEqual(l7, [(1, "A"), (0, "B")])
l8 = self.iter_error(zip(Iter(3), "AB", strict=True), ValueError)
self.assertEqual(l8, [(2, "A"), (1, "B")])
def test_zip_strict_error_handling_stopiteration(self):
class Iter:
def __init__(self, size):
self.size = size
def __iter__(self):
return self
def __next__(self):
self.size -= 1
if self.size < 0:
raise StopIteration
return self.size
l1 = self.iter_error(zip("AB", Iter(1), strict=True), ValueError)
self.assertEqual(l1, [("A", 0)])
l2 = self.iter_error(zip("AB", Iter(2), "A", strict=True), ValueError)
self.assertEqual(l2, [("A", 1, "A")])
l3 = self.iter_error(zip("AB", Iter(2), "ABC", strict=True), ValueError)
self.assertEqual(l3, [("A", 1, "A"), ("B", 0, "B")])
l4 = self.iter_error(zip("AB", Iter(3), strict=True), ValueError)
self.assertEqual(l4, [("A", 2), ("B", 1)])
l5 = self.iter_error(zip(Iter(1), "AB", strict=True), ValueError)
self.assertEqual(l5, [(0, "A")])
l6 = self.iter_error(zip(Iter(2), "A", strict=True), ValueError)
self.assertEqual(l6, [(1, "A")])
l7 = self.iter_error(zip(Iter(2), "ABC", strict=True), ValueError)
self.assertEqual(l7, [(1, "A"), (0, "B")])
l8 = self.iter_error(zip(Iter(3), "AB", strict=True), ValueError)
self.assertEqual(l8, [(2, "A"), (1, "B")])
@support.cpython_only
def test_zip_result_gc(self):
# bpo-42536: zip's tuple-reuse speed trick breaks the GC's assumptions
# about what can be untracked. Make sure we re-track result tuples
# whenever we reuse them.
it = zip([[]])
gc.collect()
# That GC collection probably untracked the recycled internal result
# tuple, which is initialized to (None,). Make sure it's re-tracked when
# it's mutated and returned from __next__:
self.assertTrue(gc.is_tracked(next(it)))
def test_format(self):
# Test the basic machinery of the format() builtin. Don't test
# the specifics of the various formatters
self.assertEqual(format(3, ''), '3')
# Returns some classes to use for various tests. There's
# an old-style version, and a new-style version
def classes_new():
class A(object):
def __init__(self, x):
self.x = x
def __format__(self, format_spec):
return str(self.x) + format_spec
class DerivedFromA(A):
pass
class Simple(object): pass
class DerivedFromSimple(Simple):
def __init__(self, x):
self.x = x
def __format__(self, format_spec):
return str(self.x) + format_spec
class DerivedFromSimple2(DerivedFromSimple): pass
return A, DerivedFromA, DerivedFromSimple, DerivedFromSimple2
def class_test(A, DerivedFromA, DerivedFromSimple, DerivedFromSimple2):
self.assertEqual(format(A(3), 'spec'), '3spec')
self.assertEqual(format(DerivedFromA(4), 'spec'), '4spec')
self.assertEqual(format(DerivedFromSimple(5), 'abc'), '5abc')
self.assertEqual(format(DerivedFromSimple2(10), 'abcdef'),
'10abcdef')
class_test(*classes_new())
def empty_format_spec(value):
# test that:
# format(x, '') == str(x)
# format(x) == str(x)
self.assertEqual(format(value, ""), str(value))
self.assertEqual(format(value), str(value))
# for builtin types, format(x, "") == str(x)
empty_format_spec(17**13)
empty_format_spec(1.0)
empty_format_spec(3.1415e104)
empty_format_spec(-3.1415e104)
empty_format_spec(3.1415e-104)
empty_format_spec(-3.1415e-104)
empty_format_spec(object)
empty_format_spec(None)
# TypeError because self.__format__ returns the wrong type
class BadFormatResult:
def __format__(self, format_spec):
return 1.0
self.assertRaises(TypeError, format, BadFormatResult(), "")
# TypeError because format_spec is not unicode or str
self.assertRaises(TypeError, format, object(), 4)
self.assertRaises(TypeError, format, object(), object())
# tests for object.__format__ really belong elsewhere, but
# there's no good place to put them
x = object().__format__('')
self.assertTrue(x.startswith('<object object at'))
# first argument to object.__format__ must be string
self.assertRaises(TypeError, object().__format__, 3)
self.assertRaises(TypeError, object().__format__, object())
self.assertRaises(TypeError, object().__format__, None)
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
# Issue #7994: object.__format__ with a non-empty format string is
# disallowed
class A:
def __format__(self, fmt_str):
return format('', fmt_str)
self.assertEqual(format(A()), '')
self.assertEqual(format(A(), ''), '')
self.assertEqual(format(A(), 's'), '')
class B:
pass
class C(object):
pass
for cls in [object, B, C]:
obj = cls()
self.assertEqual(format(obj), str(obj))
self.assertEqual(format(obj, ''), str(obj))
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError,
r'\b%s\b' % re.escape(cls.__name__)):
format(obj, 's')
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
# make sure we can take a subclass of str as a format spec
class DerivedFromStr(str): pass
self.assertEqual(format(0, DerivedFromStr('10')), ' 0')
def test_bin(self):
self.assertEqual(bin(0), '0b0')
self.assertEqual(bin(1), '0b1')
self.assertEqual(bin(-1), '-0b1')
self.assertEqual(bin(2**65), '0b1' + '0' * 65)
self.assertEqual(bin(2**65-1), '0b' + '1' * 65)
self.assertEqual(bin(-(2**65)), '-0b1' + '0' * 65)
self.assertEqual(bin(-(2**65-1)), '-0b' + '1' * 65)
def test_bytearray_translate(self):
x = bytearray(b"abc")
self.assertRaises(ValueError, x.translate, b"1", 1)
self.assertRaises(TypeError, x.translate, b"1"*256, 1)
def test_bytearray_extend_error(self):
array = bytearray()
bad_iter = map(int, "X")
self.assertRaises(ValueError, array.extend, bad_iter)
def test_bytearray_join_with_misbehaving_iterator(self):
# Issue #112625
array = bytearray(b',')
def iterator():
array.clear()
yield b'A'
yield b'B'
self.assertRaises(BufferError, array.join, iterator())
def test_bytearray_join_with_custom_iterator(self):
# Issue #112625
array = bytearray(b',')
def iterator():
yield b'A'
yield b'B'
self.assertEqual(bytearray(b'A,B'), array.join(iterator()))
def test_construct_singletons(self):
for const in None, Ellipsis, NotImplemented:
tp = type(const)
self.assertIs(tp(), const)
self.assertRaises(TypeError, tp, 1, 2)
self.assertRaises(TypeError, tp, a=1, b=2)
def test_bool_notimplemented(self):
# GH-79893: NotImplemented is a sentinel value that should never
# be evaluated in a boolean context (virtually all such use cases
# are a result of accidental misuse implementing rich comparison
# operations in terms of one another).
msg = "NotImplemented should not be used in a boolean context"
self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, msg, bool, NotImplemented)
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, msg):
if NotImplemented:
pass
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, msg):
not NotImplemented
def test_singleton_attribute_access(self):
for singleton in (NotImplemented, Ellipsis):
with self.subTest(singleton):
self.assertIs(type(singleton), singleton.__class__)
self.assertIs(type(singleton).__class__, type)
# Missing instance attributes:
with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
singleton.prop = 1
with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
singleton.prop
# Missing class attributes:
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
type(singleton).prop = 1
with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
type(singleton).prop
class TestBreakpoint(unittest.TestCase):
def setUp(self):
# These tests require a clean slate environment. For example, if the
# test suite is run with $PYTHONBREAKPOINT set to something else, it
# will mess up these tests. Similarly for sys.breakpointhook.
# Cleaning the slate here means you can't use breakpoint() to debug
# these tests, but I think that's okay. Just use pdb.set_trace() if
# you must.
self.resources = ExitStack()
self.addCleanup(self.resources.close)
self.env = self.resources.enter_context(EnvironmentVarGuard())
del self.env['PYTHONBREAKPOINT']
self.resources.enter_context(
swap_attr(sys, 'breakpointhook', sys.__breakpointhook__))
def test_breakpoint(self):
with patch('pdb.set_trace') as mock:
breakpoint()
mock.assert_called_once()
def test_breakpoint_with_breakpointhook_set(self):
my_breakpointhook = MagicMock()
sys.breakpointhook = my_breakpointhook
breakpoint()
my_breakpointhook.assert_called_once_with()
def test_breakpoint_with_breakpointhook_reset(self):
my_breakpointhook = MagicMock()
sys.breakpointhook = my_breakpointhook
breakpoint()
my_breakpointhook.assert_called_once_with()
# Reset the hook and it will not be called again.
sys.breakpointhook = sys.__breakpointhook__
with patch('pdb.set_trace') as mock:
breakpoint()
mock.assert_called_once_with()
my_breakpointhook.assert_called_once_with()
def test_breakpoint_with_args_and_keywords(self):
my_breakpointhook = MagicMock()
sys.breakpointhook = my_breakpointhook
breakpoint(1, 2, 3, four=4, five=5)
my_breakpointhook.assert_called_once_with(1, 2, 3, four=4, five=5)
def test_breakpoint_with_passthru_error(self):
def my_breakpointhook():
pass
sys.breakpointhook = my_breakpointhook
self.assertRaises(TypeError, breakpoint, 1, 2, 3, four=4, five=5)
@unittest.skipIf(sys.flags.ignore_environment, '-E was given')
def test_envar_good_path_builtin(self):
self.env['PYTHONBREAKPOINT'] = 'int'
with patch('builtins.int') as mock:
breakpoint('7')
mock.assert_called_once_with('7')
@unittest.skipIf(sys.flags.ignore_environment, '-E was given')
def test_envar_good_path_other(self):
self.env['PYTHONBREAKPOINT'] = 'sys.exit'
with patch('sys.exit') as mock:
breakpoint()
mock.assert_called_once_with()
@unittest.skipIf(sys.flags.ignore_environment, '-E was given')
def test_envar_good_path_noop_0(self):
self.env['PYTHONBREAKPOINT'] = '0'
with patch('pdb.set_trace') as mock:
breakpoint()
mock.assert_not_called()
def test_envar_good_path_empty_string(self):
# PYTHONBREAKPOINT='' is the same as it not being set.
self.env['PYTHONBREAKPOINT'] = ''
with patch('pdb.set_trace') as mock:
breakpoint()
mock.assert_called_once_with()
@unittest.skipIf(sys.flags.ignore_environment, '-E was given')
def test_envar_unimportable(self):
for envar in (
'.', '..', '.foo', 'foo.', '.int', 'int.',
'.foo.bar', '..foo.bar', '/./',
'nosuchbuiltin',
'nosuchmodule.nosuchcallable',
):
with self.subTest(envar=envar):
self.env['PYTHONBREAKPOINT'] = envar
mock = self.resources.enter_context(patch('pdb.set_trace'))
w = self.resources.enter_context(check_warnings(quiet=True))
breakpoint()
self.assertEqual(
str(w.message),
f'Ignoring unimportable $PYTHONBREAKPOINT: "{envar}"')
self.assertEqual(w.category, RuntimeWarning)
mock.assert_not_called()
def test_envar_ignored_when_hook_is_set(self):
self.env['PYTHONBREAKPOINT'] = 'sys.exit'
with patch('sys.exit') as mock:
sys.breakpointhook = int
breakpoint()
mock.assert_not_called()
def test_runtime_error_when_hook_is_lost(self):
del sys.breakpointhook
with self.assertRaises(RuntimeError):
breakpoint()
@unittest.skipUnless(pty, "the pty and signal modules must be available")
class PtyTests(unittest.TestCase):
"""Tests that use a pseudo terminal to guarantee stdin and stdout are
terminals in the test environment"""
@staticmethod
def handle_sighup(signum, frame):
# bpo-40140: if the process is the session leader, os.close(fd)
# of "pid, fd = pty.fork()" can raise SIGHUP signal:
# just ignore the signal.
pass
def run_child(self, child, terminal_input):
old_sighup = signal.signal(signal.SIGHUP, self.handle_sighup)
try:
return self._run_child(child, terminal_input)
finally:
signal.signal(signal.SIGHUP, old_sighup)
def _run_child(self, child, terminal_input):
r, w = os.pipe() # Pipe test results from child back to parent
try:
pid, fd = pty.fork()
except (OSError, AttributeError) as e:
os.close(r)
os.close(w)
self.skipTest("pty.fork() raised {}".format(e))
raise
if pid == 0:
# Child
try:
os.close(r)
with open(w, "w") as wpipe:
child(wpipe)
except:
traceback.print_exc()
finally:
# We don't want to return to unittest...
os._exit(0)
# Parent
os.close(w)
os.write(fd, terminal_input)
# Get results from the pipe
with open(r, encoding="utf-8") as rpipe:
lines = []
while True:
line = rpipe.readline().strip()
if line == "":
# The other end was closed => the child exited
break
lines.append(line)
# Check the result was got and corresponds to the user's terminal input
if len(lines) != 2:
# Something went wrong, try to get at stderr
# Beware of Linux raising EIO when the slave is closed
child_output = bytearray()
while True:
try:
chunk = os.read(fd, 3000)
except OSError: # Assume EIO
break
if not chunk:
break
child_output.extend(chunk)
os.close(fd)
child_output = child_output.decode("ascii", "ignore")
self.fail("got %d lines in pipe but expected 2, child output was:\n%s"
% (len(lines), child_output))
# bpo-40155: Close the PTY before waiting for the child process
# completion, otherwise the child process hangs on AIX.
os.close(fd)
support.wait_process(pid, exitcode=0)
return lines
def check_input_tty(self, prompt, terminal_input, stdio_encoding=None, *,
expected=None,
stdin_errors='surrogateescape',
stdout_errors='replace'):
if not sys.stdin.isatty() or not sys.stdout.isatty():
self.skipTest("stdin and stdout must be ttys")
def child(wpipe):
# Check the error handlers are accounted for
if stdio_encoding:
sys.stdin = io.TextIOWrapper(sys.stdin.detach(),
encoding=stdio_encoding,
errors=stdin_errors)
sys.stdout = io.TextIOWrapper(sys.stdout.detach(),
encoding=stdio_encoding,
errors=stdout_errors)
print("tty =", sys.stdin.isatty() and sys.stdout.isatty(), file=wpipe)
try:
print(ascii(input(prompt)), file=wpipe)
except BaseException as e:
print(ascii(f'{e.__class__.__name__}: {e!s}'), file=wpipe)
with self.detach_readline():
lines = self.run_child(child, terminal_input + b"\r\n")
# Check we did exercise the GNU readline path
self.assertIn(lines[0], {'tty = True', 'tty = False'})
if lines[0] != 'tty = True':
self.skipTest("standard IO in should have been a tty")
input_result = eval(lines[1]) # ascii() -> eval() roundtrip
if expected is None:
if stdio_encoding:
expected = terminal_input.decode(stdio_encoding, 'surrogateescape')
else:
expected = terminal_input.decode(sys.stdin.encoding) # what else?
self.assertEqual(input_result, expected)
@contextlib.contextmanager
def detach_readline(self):
# bpo-13886: When the readline module is loaded, PyOS_Readline() uses
# the readline implementation. In some cases, the Python readline
# callback rlhandler() is called by readline with a string without
# non-ASCII characters.
# Unlink readline temporarily from PyOS_Readline() for those tests,
# since test_builtin is not intended to test
# the readline module, but the builtins module.
if "readline" in sys.modules:
c = import_module("ctypes")
fp_api = "PyOS_ReadlineFunctionPointer"
prev_value = c.c_void_p.in_dll(c.pythonapi, fp_api).value
c.c_void_p.in_dll(c.pythonapi, fp_api).value = None
try:
yield
finally:
c.c_void_p.in_dll(c.pythonapi, fp_api).value = prev_value
else:
yield
def test_input_tty(self):
# Test input() functionality when wired to a tty
self.check_input_tty("prompt", b"quux")
def test_input_tty_non_ascii(self):
# Check stdin/stdout encoding is used when invoking PyOS_Readline()
self.check_input_tty("prompté", b"quux\xc3\xa9", "utf-8")
def test_input_tty_non_ascii_unicode_errors(self):
# Check stdin/stdout error handler is used when invoking PyOS_Readline()
self.check_input_tty("prompté", b"quux\xe9", "ascii")
def test_input_tty_null_in_prompt(self):
self.check_input_tty("prompt\0", b"",
expected='ValueError: input: prompt string cannot contain '
'null characters')
def test_input_tty_nonencodable_prompt(self):
self.check_input_tty("prompté", b"quux", "ascii", stdout_errors='strict',
expected="UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode "
"character '\\xe9' in position 6: ordinal not in "
"range(128)")
def test_input_tty_nondecodable_input(self):
self.check_input_tty("prompt", b"quux\xe9", "ascii", stdin_errors='strict',
expected="UnicodeDecodeError: 'ascii' codec can't decode "
"byte 0xe9 in position 4: ordinal not in "
"range(128)")
def test_input_no_stdout_fileno(self):
# Issue #24402: If stdin is the original terminal but stdout.fileno()
# fails, do not use the original stdout file descriptor
def child(wpipe):
print("stdin.isatty():", sys.stdin.isatty(), file=wpipe)
sys.stdout = io.StringIO() # Does not support fileno()
input("prompt")
print("captured:", ascii(sys.stdout.getvalue()), file=wpipe)
lines = self.run_child(child, b"quux\r")
expected = (
"stdin.isatty(): True",
"captured: 'prompt'",
)
self.assertSequenceEqual(lines, expected)
class TestSorted(unittest.TestCase):
def test_basic(self):
data = list(range(100))
copy = data[:]
random.shuffle(copy)
self.assertEqual(data, sorted(copy))
self.assertNotEqual(data, copy)
data.reverse()
random.shuffle(copy)
self.assertEqual(data, sorted(copy, key=lambda x: -x))
self.assertNotEqual(data, copy)
random.shuffle(copy)
self.assertEqual(data, sorted(copy, reverse=True))
self.assertNotEqual(data, copy)
def test_bad_arguments(self):
# Issue #29327: The first argument is positional-only.
sorted([])
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
sorted(iterable=[])
# Other arguments are keyword-only
sorted([], key=None)
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
sorted([], None)
def test_inputtypes(self):
s = 'abracadabra'
types = [list, tuple, str]
for T in types:
self.assertEqual(sorted(s), sorted(T(s)))
s = ''.join(set(s)) # unique letters only
types = [str, set, frozenset, list, tuple, dict.fromkeys]
for T in types:
self.assertEqual(sorted(s), sorted(T(s)))
def test_baddecorator(self):
data = 'The quick Brown fox Jumped over The lazy Dog'.split()
self.assertRaises(TypeError, sorted, data, None, lambda x,y: 0)
class ShutdownTest(unittest.TestCase):
def test_cleanup(self):
# Issue #19255: builtins are still available at shutdown
code = """if 1:
import builtins
import sys
class C:
def __del__(self):
print("before")
# Check that builtins still exist
len(())
print("after")
c = C()
# Make this module survive until builtins and sys are cleaned
builtins.here = sys.modules[__name__]
sys.here = sys.modules[__name__]
# Create a reference loop so that this module needs to go
# through a GC phase.
here = sys.modules[__name__]
"""
# Issue #20599: Force ASCII encoding to get a codec implemented in C,
# otherwise the codec may be unloaded before C.__del__() is called, and
# so print("before") fails because the codec cannot be used to encode
# "before" to sys.stdout.encoding. For example, on Windows,
# sys.stdout.encoding is the OEM code page and these code pages are
# implemented in Python
rc, out, err = assert_python_ok("-c", code,
PYTHONIOENCODING="ascii")
self.assertEqual(["before", "after"], out.decode().splitlines())
@cpython_only
class ImmortalTests(unittest.TestCase):
if sys.maxsize < (1 << 32):
IMMORTAL_REFCOUNT = (1 << 30) - 1
else:
IMMORTAL_REFCOUNT = (1 << 32) - 1
IMMORTALS = (None, True, False, Ellipsis, NotImplemented, *range(-5, 257))
def assert_immortal(self, immortal):
with self.subTest(immortal):
self.assertEqual(sys.getrefcount(immortal), self.IMMORTAL_REFCOUNT)
def test_immortals(self):
for immortal in self.IMMORTALS:
self.assert_immortal(immortal)
def test_list_repeat_respect_immortality(self):
refs = list(self.IMMORTALS) * 42
for immortal in self.IMMORTALS:
self.assert_immortal(immortal)
def test_tuple_repeat_respect_immortality(self):
refs = tuple(self.IMMORTALS) * 42
for immortal in self.IMMORTALS:
self.assert_immortal(immortal)
class TestType(unittest.TestCase):
def test_new_type(self):
A = type('A', (), {})
self.assertEqual(A.__name__, 'A')
self.assertEqual(A.__qualname__, 'A')
self.assertEqual(A.__module__, __name__)
self.assertEqual(A.__bases__, (object,))
self.assertIs(A.__base__, object)
self.assertNotIn('__firstlineno__', A.__dict__)
x = A()
self.assertIs(type(x), A)
self.assertIs(x.__class__, A)
class B:
def ham(self):
return 'ham%d' % self
C = type('C', (B, int), {'spam': lambda self: 'spam%s' % self})
self.assertEqual(C.__name__, 'C')
self.assertEqual(C.__qualname__, 'C')
self.assertEqual(C.__module__, __name__)
self.assertEqual(C.__bases__, (B, int))
self.assertIs(C.__base__, int)
self.assertIn('spam', C.__dict__)
self.assertNotIn('ham', C.__dict__)
x = C(42)
self.assertEqual(x, 42)
self.assertIs(type(x), C)
self.assertIs(x.__class__, C)
self.assertEqual(x.ham(), 'ham42')
self.assertEqual(x.spam(), 'spam42')
self.assertEqual(x.to_bytes(2, 'little'), b'\x2a\x00')
def test_type_nokwargs(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
type('a', (), {}, x=5)
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
type('a', (), dict={})
def test_type_name(self):
for name in 'A', '\xc4', '\U0001f40d', 'B.A', '42', '':
with self.subTest(name=name):
A = type(name, (), {})
self.assertEqual(A.__name__, name)
self.assertEqual(A.__qualname__, name)
self.assertEqual(A.__module__, __name__)
with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
type('A\x00B', (), {})
with self.assertRaises(UnicodeEncodeError):
type('A\udcdcB', (), {})
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
type(b'A', (), {})
C = type('C', (), {})
for name in 'A', '\xc4', '\U0001f40d', 'B.A', '42', '':
with self.subTest(name=name):
C.__name__ = name
self.assertEqual(C.__name__, name)
self.assertEqual(C.__qualname__, 'C')
self.assertEqual(C.__module__, __name__)
A = type('C', (), {})
with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
A.__name__ = 'A\x00B'
self.assertEqual(A.__name__, 'C')
with self.assertRaises(UnicodeEncodeError):
A.__name__ = 'A\udcdcB'
self.assertEqual(A.__name__, 'C')
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
A.__name__ = b'A'
self.assertEqual(A.__name__, 'C')
def test_type_qualname(self):
A = type('A', (), {'__qualname__': 'B.C'})
self.assertEqual(A.__name__, 'A')
self.assertEqual(A.__qualname__, 'B.C')
self.assertEqual(A.__module__, __name__)
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
type('A', (), {'__qualname__': b'B'})
self.assertEqual(A.__qualname__, 'B.C')
A.__qualname__ = 'D.E'
self.assertEqual(A.__name__, 'A')
self.assertEqual(A.__qualname__, 'D.E')
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
A.__qualname__ = b'B'
self.assertEqual(A.__qualname__, 'D.E')
def test_type_firstlineno(self):
A = type('A', (), {'__firstlineno__': 42})
self.assertEqual(A.__name__, 'A')
self.assertEqual(A.__module__, __name__)
self.assertEqual(A.__dict__['__firstlineno__'], 42)
A.__module__ = 'testmodule'
self.assertEqual(A.__module__, 'testmodule')
self.assertNotIn('__firstlineno__', A.__dict__)
A.__firstlineno__ = 43
self.assertEqual(A.__dict__['__firstlineno__'], 43)
def test_type_typeparams(self):
class A[T]:
pass
T, = A.__type_params__
self.assertIsInstance(T, typing.TypeVar)
A.__type_params__ = "whatever"
self.assertEqual(A.__type_params__, "whatever")
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
del A.__type_params__
self.assertEqual(A.__type_params__, "whatever")
def test_type_doc(self):
for doc in 'x', '\xc4', '\U0001f40d', 'x\x00y', b'x', 42, None:
A = type('A', (), {'__doc__': doc})
self.assertEqual(A.__doc__, doc)
with self.assertRaises(UnicodeEncodeError):
type('A', (), {'__doc__': 'x\udcdcy'})
A = type('A', (), {})
self.assertEqual(A.__doc__, None)
for doc in 'x', '\xc4', '\U0001f40d', 'x\x00y', 'x\udcdcy', b'x', 42, None:
A.__doc__ = doc
self.assertEqual(A.__doc__, doc)
def test_bad_args(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
type()
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
type('A', ())
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
type('A', (), {}, ())
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
type('A', (), dict={})
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
type('A', [], {})
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
type('A', (), types.MappingProxyType({}))
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
type('A', (None,), {})
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
type('A', (bool,), {})
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
type('A', (int, str), {})
def test_bad_slots(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
type('A', (), {'__slots__': b'x'})
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
type('A', (int,), {'__slots__': 'x'})
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
type('A', (), {'__slots__': ''})
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
type('A', (), {'__slots__': '42'})
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
type('A', (), {'__slots__': 'x\x00y'})
with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
type('A', (), {'__slots__': 'x', 'x': 0})
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
type('A', (), {'__slots__': ('__dict__', '__dict__')})
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
type('A', (), {'__slots__': ('__weakref__', '__weakref__')})
class B:
pass
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
type('A', (B,), {'__slots__': '__dict__'})
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
type('A', (B,), {'__slots__': '__weakref__'})
def test_namespace_order(self):
# bpo-34320: namespace should preserve order
od = collections.OrderedDict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])
od.move_to_end('a')
expected = list(od.items())
C = type('C', (), od)
self.assertEqual(list(C.__dict__.items())[:2], [('b', 2), ('a', 1)])
def load_tests(loader, tests, pattern):
from doctest import DocTestSuite
tests.addTest(DocTestSuite(builtins))
return tests
if __name__ == "__main__":
unittest.main()
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