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cpython/Lib/locale.py

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""" Locale support.
The module provides low-level access to the C lib's locale APIs
and adds high level number formatting APIs as well as a locale
aliasing engine to complement these.
The aliasing engine includes support for many commonly used locale
names and maps them to values suitable for passing to the C lib's
setlocale() function. It also includes default encodings for all
supported locale names.
"""
import string
### Load C lib locale APIs or use an emulation
try:
from _locale import *
except ImportError:
CHAR_MAX = 127
LC_ALL = 6
LC_COLLATE = 3
LC_CTYPE = 0
LC_MESSAGES = 5
LC_MONETARY = 4
LC_NUMERIC = 1
LC_TIME = 2
Error = ValueError
def localeconv():
""" localeconv() -> dict.
Returns numeric and monetary locale-specific parameters.
"""
# 'C' locale default values
return {'grouping': [127],
'currency_symbol': '',
'n_sign_posn': 127,
'p_cs_precedes': 127,
'n_cs_precedes': 127,
'mon_grouping': [],
'n_sep_by_space': 127,
'decimal_point': '.',
'negative_sign': '',
'positive_sign': '',
'p_sep_by_space': 127,
'int_curr_symbol': '',
'p_sign_posn': 127,
'thousands_sep': '',
'mon_thousands_sep': '',
'frac_digits': 127,
'mon_decimal_point': '',
'int_frac_digits': 127}
def setlocale(category, value=None):
""" setlocale(integer,string=None) -> string.
Activates/queries locale processing.
"""
if value is not None and \
value is not 'C':
raise Error,'_locale emulation only supports "C" locale'
return 'C'
def strcoll(a,b):
""" strcoll(string,string) -> int.
Compares two strings according to the locale.
"""
return cmp(a,b)
def strxfrm(s):
""" strxfrm(string) -> string.
Returns a string that behaves for cmp locale-aware.
"""
return s
### Number formatting APIs
# Author: Martin von Loewis
#perform the grouping from right to left
def _group(s):
conv=localeconv()
grouping=conv['grouping']
if not grouping:return s
result=""
while s and grouping:
# if grouping is -1, we are done
if grouping[0]==CHAR_MAX:
break
# 0: re-use last group ad infinitum
elif grouping[0]!=0:
#process last group
group=grouping[0]
grouping=grouping[1:]
if result:
result=s[-group:]+conv['thousands_sep']+result
else:
result=s[-group:]
s=s[:-group]
if not result:
return s
if s:
result=s+conv['thousands_sep']+result
return result
def format(f,val,grouping=0):
"""Formats a value in the same way that the % formatting would use,
but takes the current locale into account.
Grouping is applied if the third parameter is true."""
result = f % val
fields = string.split(result, ".")
if grouping:
fields[0]=_group(fields[0])
if len(fields)==2:
return fields[0]+localeconv()['decimal_point']+fields[1]
elif len(fields)==1:
return fields[0]
else:
raise Error,"Too many decimal points in result string"
def str(val):
"""Convert float to integer, taking the locale into account."""
return format("%.12g",val)
def atof(str,func=string.atof):
"Parses a string as a float according to the locale settings."
#First, get rid of the grouping
ts = localeconv()['thousands_sep']
if ts:
s=string.split(str,ts)
str=string.join(s, "")
#next, replace the decimal point with a dot
dd = localeconv()['decimal_point']
if dd:
s=string.split(str,dd)
str=string.join(s,'.')
#finally, parse the string
return func(str)
def atoi(str):
"Converts a string to an integer according to the locale settings."
return atof(str,string.atoi)
def _test():
setlocale(LC_ALL,"")
#do grouping
s1=format("%d",123456789,1)
print s1,"is",atoi(s1)
#standard formatting
s1=str(3.14)
print s1,"is",atof(s1)
### Locale name aliasing engine
# Author: Marc-Andre Lemburg, mal@lemburg.com
def normalize(localename):
""" Returns a normalized locale code for the given locale
name.
The returned locale code is formatted for use with
setlocale().
If normalization fails, the original name is returned
unchanged.
If the given encoding is not known, the function defaults to
the default encoding for the locale code just like setlocale()
does.
"""
# Normalize the locale name and extract the encoding
fullname = string.lower(localename)
if ':' in fullname:
# ':' is sometimes used as encoding delimiter.
fullname = string.replace(fullname, ':', '.')
if '.' in fullname:
langname, encoding = string.split(fullname, '.')[:2]
fullname = langname + '.' + encoding
else:
langname = fullname
encoding = ''
# First lookup: fullname (possibly with encoding)
code = locale_alias.get(fullname, None)
if code is not None:
return code
# Second try: langname (without encoding)
code = locale_alias.get(langname, None)
if code is not None:
if '.' in code:
langname, defenc = string.split(code, '.')
else:
langname = code
defenc = ''
if encoding:
encoding = encoding_alias.get(encoding, encoding)
else:
encoding = defenc
if encoding:
return langname + '.' + encoding
else:
return langname
else:
return localename
def _parse_localename(localename):
""" Parses the locale code for localename and returns the
result as tuple (language code, encoding).
The localename is normalized and passed through the locale
alias engine. A ValueError is raised in case the locale name
cannot be parsed.
The language code corresponds to RFC 1766. code and encoding
can be None in case the values cannot be determined or are
unkown to this implementation.
"""
code = normalize(localename)
if '.' in code:
return string.split(code, '.')[:2]
elif code == 'C':
return None, None
else:
raise ValueError,'unkown locale: %s' % localename
return l
def _build_localename(localetuple):
""" Builds a locale code from the given tuple (language code,
encoding).
No aliasing or normalizing takes place.
"""
language, encoding = localetuple
if language is None:
language = 'C'
if encoding is None:
return language
else:
return language + '.' + encoding
def get_default(envvars=('LANGUAGE', 'LC_ALL', 'LC_CTYPE', 'LANG')):
""" Tries to determine the default locale settings and returns
them as tuple (language code, encoding).
According to POSIX, a program which has not called
setlocale(LC_ALL,"") runs using the portable 'C' locale.
Calling setlocale(LC_ALL,"") lets it use the default locale as
defined by the LANG variable. Since we don't want to interfere
with the current locale setting we thus emulate the behaviour
in the way described above.
To maintain compatibility with other platforms, not only the
LANG variable is tested, but a list of variables given as
envvars parameter. The first found to be defined will be
used. envvars defaults to the search path used in GNU gettext;
it must always contain the variable name 'LANG'.
Except for the code 'C', the language code corresponds to RFC
1766. code and encoding can be None in case the values cannot
be determined.
"""
import os
lookup = os.environ.get
for variable in envvars:
localename = lookup(variable,None)
if localename is not None:
break
else:
localename = 'C'
return _parse_localename(localename)
def get_locale(category=LC_CTYPE):
""" Returns the current setting for the given locale category as
tuple (language code, encoding).
category may be one of the LC_* value except LC_ALL. It
defaults to LC_CTYPE.
Except for the code 'C', the language code corresponds to RFC
1766. code and encoding can be None in case the values cannot
be determined.
"""
localename = setlocale(category)
if category == LC_ALL and ';' in localename:
raise TypeError,'category LC_ALL is not supported'
return _parse_localename(localename)
def set_locale(localetuple, category=LC_ALL):
""" Set the locale according to the localetuple (language code,
encoding) as returned by get_locale() and get_default().
The given codes are passed through the locale aliasing engine
before being given to setlocale() for processing.
category may be given as one of the LC_* values. It defaults
to LC_ALL.
"""
setlocale(category, normalize(_build_localename(localetuple)))
def set_to_default(category=LC_ALL):
""" Sets the locale for category to the default setting.
The default setting is determined by calling
get_default(). category defaults to LC_ALL.
"""
setlocale(category, _build_localename(get_default()))
### Database
#
# The following data was extracted from the locale.alias file which
# comes with X11 and then hand edited removing the explicit encoding
# definitions and adding some more aliases. The file is usually
# available as /usr/lib/X11/locale/locale.alias.
#
#
# The encoding_alias table maps lowercase encoding alias names to C
# locale encoding names (case-sensitive).
#
encoding_alias = {
'437': 'C',
'c': 'C',
'iso8859': 'ISO8859-1',
'8859': 'ISO8859-1',
'88591': 'ISO8859-1',
'ascii': 'ISO8859-1',
'en': 'ISO8859-1',
'iso88591': 'ISO8859-1',
'iso_8859-1': 'ISO8859-1',
'885915': 'ISO8859-15',
'iso885915': 'ISO8859-15',
'iso_8859-15': 'ISO8859-15',
'iso8859-2': 'ISO8859-2',
'iso88592': 'ISO8859-2',
'iso_8859-2': 'ISO8859-2',
'iso88595': 'ISO8859-5',
'iso88596': 'ISO8859-6',
'iso88597': 'ISO8859-7',
'iso88598': 'ISO8859-8',
'iso88599': 'ISO8859-9',
'iso-2022-jp': 'JIS7',
'jis': 'JIS7',
'jis7': 'JIS7',
'sjis': 'SJIS',
'tis620': 'TACTIS',
'ajec': 'eucJP',
'eucjp': 'eucJP',
'ujis': 'eucJP',
'utf-8': 'utf',
'utf8': 'utf',
'utf8@ucs4': 'utf',
}
#
# The locale_alias table maps lowercase alias names to C locale names
# (case-sensitive). Encodings are always separated from the locale
# name using a dot ('.'); they should only be given in case the
# language name is needed to interpret the given encoding alias
# correctly (CJK codes often have this need).
#
locale_alias = {
'american': 'en_US.ISO8859-1',
'ar': 'ar_AA.ISO8859-6',
'ar_aa': 'ar_AA.ISO8859-6',
'ar_sa': 'ar_SA.ISO8859-6',
'arabic': 'ar_AA.ISO8859-6',
'bg': 'bg_BG.ISO8859-5',
'bg_bg': 'bg_BG.ISO8859-5',
'bulgarian': 'bg_BG.ISO8859-5',
'c-french': 'fr_CA.ISO8859-1',
'c': 'C',
'c_c': 'C',
'cextend': 'en_US.ISO8859-1',
'chinese-s': 'zh_CN.eucCN',
'chinese-t': 'zh_TW.eucTW',
'croatian': 'hr_HR.ISO8859-2',
'cs': 'cs_CZ.ISO8859-2',
'cs_cs': 'cs_CZ.ISO8859-2',
'cs_cz': 'cs_CZ.ISO8859-2',
'cz': 'cz_CZ.ISO8859-2',
'cz_cz': 'cz_CZ.ISO8859-2',
'czech': 'cs_CS.ISO8859-2',
'da': 'da_DK.ISO8859-1',
'da_dk': 'da_DK.ISO8859-1',
'danish': 'da_DK.ISO8859-1',
'de': 'de_DE.ISO8859-1',
'de_at': 'de_AT.ISO8859-1',
'de_ch': 'de_CH.ISO8859-1',
'de_de': 'de_DE.ISO8859-1',
'dutch': 'nl_BE.ISO8859-1',
'ee': 'ee_EE.ISO8859-4',
'el': 'el_GR.ISO8859-7',
'el_gr': 'el_GR.ISO8859-7',
'en': 'en_US.ISO8859-1',
'en_au': 'en_AU.ISO8859-1',
'en_ca': 'en_CA.ISO8859-1',
'en_gb': 'en_GB.ISO8859-1',
'en_ie': 'en_IE.ISO8859-1',
'en_nz': 'en_NZ.ISO8859-1',
'en_uk': 'en_GB.ISO8859-1',
'en_us': 'en_US.ISO8859-1',
'eng_gb': 'en_GB.ISO8859-1',
'english': 'en_EN.ISO8859-1',
'english_uk': 'en_GB.ISO8859-1',
'english_united-states': 'en_US.ISO8859-1',
'english_us': 'en_US.ISO8859-1',
'es': 'es_ES.ISO8859-1',
'es_ar': 'es_AR.ISO8859-1',
'es_bo': 'es_BO.ISO8859-1',
'es_cl': 'es_CL.ISO8859-1',
'es_co': 'es_CO.ISO8859-1',
'es_cr': 'es_CR.ISO8859-1',
'es_ec': 'es_EC.ISO8859-1',
'es_es': 'es_ES.ISO8859-1',
'es_gt': 'es_GT.ISO8859-1',
'es_mx': 'es_MX.ISO8859-1',
'es_ni': 'es_NI.ISO8859-1',
'es_pa': 'es_PA.ISO8859-1',
'es_pe': 'es_PE.ISO8859-1',
'es_py': 'es_PY.ISO8859-1',
'es_sv': 'es_SV.ISO8859-1',
'es_uy': 'es_UY.ISO8859-1',
'es_ve': 'es_VE.ISO8859-1',
'et': 'et_EE.ISO8859-4',
'et_ee': 'et_EE.ISO8859-4',
'fi': 'fi_FI.ISO8859-1',
'fi_fi': 'fi_FI.ISO8859-1',
'finnish': 'fi_FI.ISO8859-1',
'fr': 'fr_FR.ISO8859-1',
'fr_be': 'fr_BE.ISO8859-1',
'fr_ca': 'fr_CA.ISO8859-1',
'fr_ch': 'fr_CH.ISO8859-1',
'fr_fr': 'fr_FR.ISO8859-1',
'fre_fr': 'fr_FR.ISO8859-1',
'french': 'fr_FR.ISO8859-1',
'french_france': 'fr_FR.ISO8859-1',
'ger_de': 'de_DE.ISO8859-1',
'german': 'de_DE.ISO8859-1',
'german_germany': 'de_DE.ISO8859-1',
'greek': 'el_GR.ISO8859-7',
'hebrew': 'iw_IL.ISO8859-8',
'hr': 'hr_HR.ISO8859-2',
'hr_hr': 'hr_HR.ISO8859-2',
'hu': 'hu_HU.ISO8859-2',
'hu_hu': 'hu_HU.ISO8859-2',
'hungarian': 'hu_HU.ISO8859-2',
'icelandic': 'is_IS.ISO8859-1',
'id': 'id_ID.ISO8859-1',
'id_id': 'id_ID.ISO8859-1',
'is': 'is_IS.ISO8859-1',
'is_is': 'is_IS.ISO8859-1',
'iso-8859-1': 'en_US.ISO8859-1',
'iso-8859-15': 'en_US.ISO8859-15',
'iso8859-1': 'en_US.ISO8859-1',
'iso8859-15': 'en_US.ISO8859-15',
'iso_8859_1': 'en_US.ISO8859-1',
'iso_8859_15': 'en_US.ISO8859-15',
'it': 'it_IT.ISO8859-1',
'it_ch': 'it_CH.ISO8859-1',
'it_it': 'it_IT.ISO8859-1',
'italian': 'it_IT.ISO8859-1',
'iw': 'iw_IL.ISO8859-8',
'iw_il': 'iw_IL.ISO8859-8',
'ja': 'ja_JP.eucJP',
'ja.jis': 'ja_JP.JIS7',
'ja.sjis': 'ja_JP.SJIS',
'ja_jp': 'ja_JP.eucJP',
'ja_jp.ajec': 'ja_JP.eucJP',
'ja_jp.euc': 'ja_JP.eucJP',
'ja_jp.eucjp': 'ja_JP.eucJP',
'ja_jp.iso-2022-jp': 'ja_JP.JIS7',
'ja_jp.jis': 'ja_JP.JIS7',
'ja_jp.jis7': 'ja_JP.JIS7',
'ja_jp.mscode': 'ja_JP.SJIS',
'ja_jp.sjis': 'ja_JP.SJIS',
'ja_jp.ujis': 'ja_JP.eucJP',
'japan': 'ja_JP.eucJP',
'japanese': 'ja_JP.SJIS',
'japanese-euc': 'ja_JP.eucJP',
'japanese.euc': 'ja_JP.eucJP',
'jp_jp': 'ja_JP.eucJP',
'ko': 'ko_KR.eucKR',
'ko_kr': 'ko_KR.eucKR',
'ko_kr.euc': 'ko_KR.eucKR',
'korean': 'ko_KR.eucKR',
'lt': 'lt_LT.ISO8859-4',
'lv': 'lv_LV.ISO8859-4',
'mk': 'mk_MK.ISO8859-5',
'mk_mk': 'mk_MK.ISO8859-5',
'nl': 'nl_NL.ISO8859-1',
'nl_be': 'nl_BE.ISO8859-1',
'nl_nl': 'nl_NL.ISO8859-1',
'no': 'no_NO.ISO8859-1',
'no_no': 'no_NO.ISO8859-1',
'norwegian': 'no_NO.ISO8859-1',
'pl': 'pl_PL.ISO8859-2',
'pl_pl': 'pl_PL.ISO8859-2',
'polish': 'pl_PL.ISO8859-2',
'portuguese': 'pt_PT.ISO8859-1',
'portuguese_brazil': 'pt_BR.ISO8859-1',
'posix': 'C',
'posix-utf2': 'C',
'pt': 'pt_PT.ISO8859-1',
'pt_br': 'pt_BR.ISO8859-1',
'pt_pt': 'pt_PT.ISO8859-1',
'ro': 'ro_RO.ISO8859-2',
'ro_ro': 'ro_RO.ISO8859-2',
'ru': 'ru_RU.ISO8859-5',
'ru_ru': 'ru_RU.ISO8859-5',
'rumanian': 'ro_RO.ISO8859-2',
'russian': 'ru_RU.ISO8859-5',
'serbocroatian': 'sh_YU.ISO8859-2',
'sh': 'sh_YU.ISO8859-2',
'sh_hr': 'sh_HR.ISO8859-2',
'sh_sp': 'sh_YU.ISO8859-2',
'sh_yu': 'sh_YU.ISO8859-2',
'sk': 'sk_SK.ISO8859-2',
'sk_sk': 'sk_SK.ISO8859-2',
'sl': 'sl_CS.ISO8859-2',
'sl_cs': 'sl_CS.ISO8859-2',
'sl_si': 'sl_SI.ISO8859-2',
'slovak': 'sk_SK.ISO8859-2',
'slovene': 'sl_CS.ISO8859-2',
'sp': 'sp_YU.ISO8859-5',
'sp_yu': 'sp_YU.ISO8859-5',
'spanish': 'es_ES.ISO8859-1',
'spanish_spain': 'es_ES.ISO8859-1',
'sr_sp': 'sr_SP.ISO8859-2',
'sv': 'sv_SE.ISO8859-1',
'sv_se': 'sv_SE.ISO8859-1',
'swedish': 'sv_SE.ISO8859-1',
'th_th': 'th_TH.TACTIS',
'tr': 'tr_TR.ISO8859-9',
'tr_tr': 'tr_TR.ISO8859-9',
'turkish': 'tr_TR.ISO8859-9',
'univ': 'en_US.utf',
'universal': 'en_US.utf',
'zh': 'zh_CN.eucCN',
'zh_cn': 'zh_CN.eucCN',
'zh_cn.big5': 'zh_TW.eucTW',
'zh_cn.euc': 'zh_CN.eucCN',
'zh_tw': 'zh_TW.eucTW',
'zh_tw.euc': 'zh_TW.eucTW',
}
def _print_locale():
""" Test function.
"""
categories = {}
def _init_categories(categories=categories):
for k,v in globals().items():
if k[:3] == 'LC_':
categories[k] = v
_init_categories()
del categories['LC_ALL']
print 'Locale defaults as determined by get_default():'
print '-'*72
lang, enc = get_default()
print 'Language: ', lang or '(undefined)'
print 'Encoding: ', enc or '(undefined)'
print
print 'Locale settings on startup:'
print '-'*72
for name,category in categories.items():
print name,'...'
lang, enc = get_locale(category)
print ' Language: ', lang or '(undefined)'
print ' Encoding: ', enc or '(undefined)'
print
set_to_default()
print
print 'Locale settings after calling set_to_default():'
print '-'*72
for name,category in categories.items():
print name,'...'
lang, enc = get_locale(category)
print ' Language: ', lang or '(undefined)'
print ' Encoding: ', enc or '(undefined)'
print
try:
setlocale(LC_ALL,"")
except:
print 'NOTE:'
print 'setlocale(LC_ALL,"") does not support the default locale'
print 'given in the OS environment variables.'
else:
print
print 'Locale settings after calling setlocale(LC_ALL,""):'
print '-'*72
for name,category in categories.items():
print name,'...'
lang, enc = get_locale(category)
print ' Language: ', lang or '(undefined)'
print ' Encoding: ', enc or '(undefined)'
print
###
if __name__=='__main__':
print 'Locale aliasing:'
print
_print_locale()
print
print 'Number formatting:'
print
_test()
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