mirror of https://github.com/python/cpython
162 lines
6.7 KiB
Plaintext
162 lines
6.7 KiB
Plaintext
Example Python extension for Windows NT
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=======================================
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This directory contains everything needed (except for the Python
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distribution!) to build a Python extension module using Microsoft VC++
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("Developer Studio") version 7.1. It has been tested with VC++ 7.1 on
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Python 2.4. You can also use earlier versions of VC to build Python
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extensions, but the sample VC project file (example.dsw in this directory)
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is in VC 7.1 format. Notice that you need to use the same compiler version
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that was used to build Python itself.
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COPY THIS DIRECTORY!
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--------------------
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This "example_nt" directory is a subdirectory of the PC directory, in order
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to keep all the PC-specific files under the same directory. However, the
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example_nt directory can't actually be used from this location. You first
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need to copy or move it up one level, so that example_nt is a direct
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sibling of the PC\ and Include\ directories. Do all your work from within
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this new location -- sorry, but you'll be sorry if you don't.
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OPEN THE PROJECT
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----------------
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From VC 7.1, use the
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File -> Open Solution...
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dialog (*not* the "File -> Open..." dialog!). Navigate to and select the
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file "example.sln", in the *copy* of the example_nt directory you made
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above.
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Click Open.
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BUILD THE EXAMPLE DLL
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---------------------
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In order to check that everything is set up right, try building:
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1. Select a configuration. This step is optional. Do
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Build -> Configuration Manager... -> Active Solution Configuration
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and select either "Release" or "Debug".
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If you skip this step, you'll use the Debug configuration by default.
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2. Build the DLL. Do
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Build -> Build Solution
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This creates all intermediate and result files in a subdirectory which
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is called either Debug or Release, depending on which configuration you
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picked in the preceding step.
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TESTING THE DEBUG-MODE DLL
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--------------------------
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Once the Debug build has succeeded, bring up a DOS box, and cd to
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example_nt\Debug. You should now be able to repeat the following session
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("C>" is the DOS prompt, ">>>" is the Python prompt) (note that various
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debug output from Python may not match this screen dump exactly):
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C>..\..\PCbuild\python_d
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Adding parser accelerators ...
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Done.
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Python 2.2c1+ (#28, Dec 14 2001, 18:06:39) [MSC 32 bit (Intel)] on win32
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Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
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>>> import example
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[7052 refs]
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>>> example.foo()
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Hello, world
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[7052 refs]
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>>>
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TESTING THE RELEASE-MODE DLL
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----------------------------
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Once the Release build has succeeded, bring up a DOS box, and cd to
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example_nt\Release. You should now be able to repeat the following session
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("C>" is the DOS prompt, ">>>" is the Python prompt):
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C>..\..\PCbuild\python
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Python 2.2c1+ (#28, Dec 14 2001, 18:06:04) [MSC 32 bit (Intel)] on win32
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Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
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>>> import example
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>>> example.foo()
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Hello, world
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>>>
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Congratulations! You've successfully built your first Python extension
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module.
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CREATING YOUR OWN PROJECT
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-------------------------
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Choose a name ("spam" is always a winner :-) and create a directory for
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it. Copy your C sources into it. Note that the module source file name
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does not necessarily have to match the module name, but the "init" function
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name should match the module name -- i.e. you can only import a module
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"spam" if its init function is called "initspam()", and it should call
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Py_InitModule with the string "spam" as its first argument (use the minimal
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example.c in this directory as a guide). By convention, it lives in a file
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called "spam.c" or "spammodule.c". The output file should be called
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"spam.dll" or "spam.pyd" (the latter is supported to avoid confusion with a
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system library "spam.dll" to which your module could be a Python interface)
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in Release mode, or spam_d.dll or spam_d.pyd in Debug mode.
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Now your options are:
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1) Copy example.sln and example.vcproj, rename them to spam.*, and edit them
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by hand.
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or
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2) Create a brand new project; instructions are below.
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In either case, copy example_nt\example.def to spam\spam.def, and edit the
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new spam.def so its second line contains the string "initspam". If you
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created a new project yourself, add the file spam.def to the project now.
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(This is an annoying little file with only two lines. An alternative
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approach is to forget about the .def file, and add the option
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"/export:initspam" somewhere to the Link settings, by manually editing the
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"Project -> Properties -> Linker -> Command Line -> Additional Options"
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box).
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You are now all set to build your extension, unless it requires other
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external libraries, include files, etc. See Python's Extending and
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Embedding manual for instructions on how to write an extension.
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CREATING A BRAND NEW PROJECT
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----------------------------
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Use the
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File -> New -> Project...
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dialog to create a new Project Workspace. Select "Visual C++ Projects/Win32/
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Win32 Project", enter the name ("spam"), and make sure the "Location" is
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set to parent of the spam directory you have created (which should be a direct
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subdirectory of the Python build tree, a sibling of Include and PC).
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In "Application Settings", select "DLL", and "Empty Project". Click OK.
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You should now create the file spam.def as instructed in the previous
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section. Add the source files (including the .def file) to the project,
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using "Project", "Add Existing Item".
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Now open the
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Project -> spam properties...
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dialog. (Impressive, isn't it? :-) You only need to change a few
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settings. Make sure "All Configurations" is selected from the "Settings
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for:" dropdown list. Select the "C/C++" tab. Choose the "General"
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category in the popup menu at the top. Type the following text in the
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entry box labeled "Addditional Include Directories:"
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..\Include,..\PC
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Then, choose the "General" category in the "Linker" tab, and enter
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..\PCbuild
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in the "Additional library Directories" box.
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Now you need to add some mode-specific settings (select "Accept"
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when asked to confirm your changes):
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Select "Release" in the "Configuration" dropdown list. Click the
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"Link" tab, choose the "Input" Category, and append "python24.lib" to the
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list in the "Additional Dependencies" box.
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Select "Debug" in the "Settings for:" dropdown list, and append
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"python24_d.lib" to the list in the Additional Dependencies" box. Then
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click on the C/C++ tab, select "Code Generation", and select
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"Multi-threaded Debug DLL" from the "Runtime library" dropdown list.
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Select "Release" again from the "Settings for:" dropdown list.
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Select "Multi-threaded DLL" from the "Use run-time library:" dropdown list.
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That's all <wink>.
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