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cpython/Modules/getpath.c

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/* Return the initial module search path. */
#include "Python.h"
#include "osdefs.h"
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <string.h>
#ifdef __APPLE__
#include <mach-o/dyld.h>
#endif
/* Search in some common locations for the associated Python libraries.
*
* Two directories must be found, the platform independent directory
* (prefix), containing the common .py and .pyc files, and the platform
* dependent directory (exec_prefix), containing the shared library
* modules. Note that prefix and exec_prefix can be the same directory,
* but for some installations, they are different.
*
* Py_GetPath() carries out separate searches for prefix and exec_prefix.
* Each search tries a number of different locations until a ``landmark''
* file or directory is found. If no prefix or exec_prefix is found, a
* warning message is issued and the preprocessor defined PREFIX and
* EXEC_PREFIX are used (even though they will not work); python carries on
* as best as is possible, but most imports will fail.
*
* Before any searches are done, the location of the executable is
* determined. If argv[0] has one or more slashes in it, it is used
* unchanged. Otherwise, it must have been invoked from the shell's path,
* so we search $PATH for the named executable and use that. If the
* executable was not found on $PATH (or there was no $PATH environment
* variable), the original argv[0] string is used.
*
* Next, the executable location is examined to see if it is a symbolic
* link. If so, the link is chased (correctly interpreting a relative
* pathname if one is found) and the directory of the link target is used.
*
* Finally, argv0_path is set to the directory containing the executable
* (i.e. the last component is stripped).
*
* With argv0_path in hand, we perform a number of steps. The same steps
* are performed for prefix and for exec_prefix, but with a different
* landmark.
*
* Step 1. Are we running python out of the build directory? This is
* checked by looking for a different kind of landmark relative to
* argv0_path. For prefix, the landmark's path is derived from the VPATH
* preprocessor variable (taking into account that its value is almost, but
* not quite, what we need). For exec_prefix, the landmark is
* pybuilddir.txt. If the landmark is found, we're done.
*
* For the remaining steps, the prefix landmark will always be
* lib/python$VERSION/os.py and the exec_prefix will always be
* lib/python$VERSION/lib-dynload, where $VERSION is Python's version
* number as supplied by the Makefile. Note that this means that no more
* build directory checking is performed; if the first step did not find
* the landmarks, the assumption is that python is running from an
* installed setup.
*
* Step 2. See if the $PYTHONHOME environment variable points to the
* installed location of the Python libraries. If $PYTHONHOME is set, then
* it points to prefix and exec_prefix. $PYTHONHOME can be a single
* directory, which is used for both, or the prefix and exec_prefix
* directories separated by a colon.
*
* Step 3. Try to find prefix and exec_prefix relative to argv0_path,
* backtracking up the path until it is exhausted. This is the most common
* step to succeed. Note that if prefix and exec_prefix are different,
* exec_prefix is more likely to be found; however if exec_prefix is a
* subdirectory of prefix, both will be found.
*
* Step 4. Search the directories pointed to by the preprocessor variables
* PREFIX and EXEC_PREFIX. These are supplied by the Makefile but can be
* passed in as options to the configure script.
*
* That's it!
*
* Well, almost. Once we have determined prefix and exec_prefix, the
* preprocessor variable PYTHONPATH is used to construct a path. Each
* relative path on PYTHONPATH is prefixed with prefix. Then the directory
* containing the shared library modules is appended. The environment
* variable $PYTHONPATH is inserted in front of it all. Finally, the
* prefix and exec_prefix globals are tweaked so they reflect the values
* expected by other code, by stripping the "lib/python$VERSION/..." stuff
* off. If either points to the build directory, the globals are reset to
* the corresponding preprocessor variables (so sys.prefix will reflect the
* installation location, even though sys.path points into the build
* directory). This seems to make more sense given that currently the only
* known use of sys.prefix and sys.exec_prefix is for the ILU installation
* process to find the installed Python tree.
*
* An embedding application can use Py_SetPath() to override all of
* these authomatic path computations.
*
* NOTE: Windows MSVC builds use PC/getpathp.c instead!
*/
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif
#ifndef VERSION
#define VERSION "2.1"
#endif
#ifndef VPATH
#define VPATH "."
#endif
#ifndef PREFIX
# ifdef __VMS
# define PREFIX ""
# else
# define PREFIX "/usr/local"
# endif
#endif
#ifndef EXEC_PREFIX
#define EXEC_PREFIX PREFIX
#endif
#ifndef PYTHONPATH
#define PYTHONPATH PREFIX "/lib/python" VERSION ":" \
EXEC_PREFIX "/lib/python" VERSION "/lib-dynload"
#endif
#ifndef LANDMARK
#define LANDMARK L"os.py"
#endif
static wchar_t prefix[MAXPATHLEN+1];
static wchar_t exec_prefix[MAXPATHLEN+1];
static wchar_t progpath[MAXPATHLEN+1];
static wchar_t *module_search_path = NULL;
static wchar_t *lib_python = L"lib/python" VERSION;
static void
reduce(wchar_t *dir)
{
size_t i = wcslen(dir);
while (i > 0 && dir[i] != SEP)
--i;
dir[i] = '\0';
}
static int
isfile(wchar_t *filename) /* Is file, not directory */
{
struct stat buf;
if (_Py_wstat(filename, &buf) != 0)
return 0;
if (!S_ISREG(buf.st_mode))
return 0;
return 1;
}
static int
ismodule(wchar_t *filename) /* Is module -- check for .pyc/.pyo too */
{
if (isfile(filename))
return 1;
/* Check for the compiled version of prefix. */
if (wcslen(filename) < MAXPATHLEN) {
wcscat(filename, Py_OptimizeFlag ? L"o" : L"c");
if (isfile(filename))
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
static int
isxfile(wchar_t *filename) /* Is executable file */
{
struct stat buf;
if (_Py_wstat(filename, &buf) != 0)
return 0;
if (!S_ISREG(buf.st_mode))
return 0;
if ((buf.st_mode & 0111) == 0)
return 0;
return 1;
}
static int
isdir(wchar_t *filename) /* Is directory */
{
struct stat buf;
if (_Py_wstat(filename, &buf) != 0)
return 0;
if (!S_ISDIR(buf.st_mode))
return 0;
return 1;
}
/* Add a path component, by appending stuff to buffer.
buffer must have at least MAXPATHLEN + 1 bytes allocated, and contain a
NUL-terminated string with no more than MAXPATHLEN characters (not counting
the trailing NUL). It's a fatal error if it contains a string longer than
that (callers must be careful!). If these requirements are met, it's
guaranteed that buffer will still be a NUL-terminated string with no more
than MAXPATHLEN characters at exit. If stuff is too long, only as much of
stuff as fits will be appended.
*/
static void
joinpath(wchar_t *buffer, wchar_t *stuff)
{
size_t n, k;
if (stuff[0] == SEP)
n = 0;
else {
n = wcslen(buffer);
if (n > 0 && buffer[n-1] != SEP && n < MAXPATHLEN)
buffer[n++] = SEP;
}
if (n > MAXPATHLEN)
Py_FatalError("buffer overflow in getpath.c's joinpath()");
k = wcslen(stuff);
if (n + k > MAXPATHLEN)
k = MAXPATHLEN - n;
wcsncpy(buffer+n, stuff, k);
buffer[n+k] = '\0';
}
/* copy_absolute requires that path be allocated at least
MAXPATHLEN + 1 bytes and that p be no more than MAXPATHLEN bytes. */
static void
copy_absolute(wchar_t *path, wchar_t *p, size_t pathlen)
{
if (p[0] == SEP)
wcscpy(path, p);
else {
if (!_Py_wgetcwd(path, pathlen)) {
/* unable to get the current directory */
wcscpy(path, p);
return;
}
if (p[0] == '.' && p[1] == SEP)
p += 2;
joinpath(path, p);
}
}
/* absolutize() requires that path be allocated at least MAXPATHLEN+1 bytes. */
static void
absolutize(wchar_t *path)
{
wchar_t buffer[MAXPATHLEN+1];
if (path[0] == SEP)
return;
copy_absolute(buffer, path, MAXPATHLEN+1);
wcscpy(path, buffer);
}
/* search_for_prefix requires that argv0_path be no more than MAXPATHLEN
bytes long.
*/
static int
search_for_prefix(wchar_t *argv0_path, wchar_t *home, wchar_t *_prefix)
{
size_t n;
wchar_t *vpath;
/* If PYTHONHOME is set, we believe it unconditionally */
if (home) {
wchar_t *delim;
wcsncpy(prefix, home, MAXPATHLEN);
delim = wcschr(prefix, DELIM);
if (delim)
*delim = L'\0';
joinpath(prefix, lib_python);
joinpath(prefix, LANDMARK);
return 1;
}
/* Check to see if argv[0] is in the build directory */
wcscpy(prefix, argv0_path);
joinpath(prefix, L"Modules/Setup");
if (isfile(prefix)) {
/* Check VPATH to see if argv0_path is in the build directory. */
vpath = _Py_char2wchar(VPATH, NULL);
if (vpath != NULL) {
wcscpy(prefix, argv0_path);
joinpath(prefix, vpath);
PyMem_Free(vpath);
joinpath(prefix, L"Lib");
joinpath(prefix, LANDMARK);
if (ismodule(prefix))
return -1;
}
}
/* Search from argv0_path, until root is found */
copy_absolute(prefix, argv0_path, MAXPATHLEN+1);
do {
n = wcslen(prefix);
joinpath(prefix, lib_python);
joinpath(prefix, LANDMARK);
if (ismodule(prefix))
return 1;
prefix[n] = L'\0';
reduce(prefix);
} while (prefix[0]);
/* Look at configure's PREFIX */
wcsncpy(prefix, _prefix, MAXPATHLEN);
joinpath(prefix, lib_python);
joinpath(prefix, LANDMARK);
if (ismodule(prefix))
return 1;
/* Fail */
return 0;
}
/* search_for_exec_prefix requires that argv0_path be no more than
MAXPATHLEN bytes long.
*/
static int
search_for_exec_prefix(wchar_t *argv0_path, wchar_t *home, wchar_t *_exec_prefix)
{
size_t n;
/* If PYTHONHOME is set, we believe it unconditionally */
if (home) {
wchar_t *delim;
delim = wcschr(home, DELIM);
if (delim)
wcsncpy(exec_prefix, delim+1, MAXPATHLEN);
else
wcsncpy(exec_prefix, home, MAXPATHLEN);
joinpath(exec_prefix, lib_python);
joinpath(exec_prefix, L"lib-dynload");
return 1;
}
/* Check to see if argv[0] is in the build directory. "pybuilddir.txt"
is written by setup.py and contains the relative path to the location
of shared library modules. */
wcscpy(exec_prefix, argv0_path);
joinpath(exec_prefix, L"pybuilddir.txt");
if (isfile(exec_prefix)) {
FILE *f = _Py_wfopen(exec_prefix, L"rb");
if (f == NULL)
errno = 0;
else {
char buf[MAXPATHLEN+1];
PyObject *decoded;
wchar_t rel_builddir_path[MAXPATHLEN+1];
n = fread(buf, 1, MAXPATHLEN, f);
buf[n] = '\0';
fclose(f);
decoded = PyUnicode_DecodeUTF8(buf, n, "surrogateescape");
if (decoded != NULL) {
Py_ssize_t k;
k = PyUnicode_AsWideChar((PyUnicodeObject*)decoded,
rel_builddir_path, MAXPATHLEN);
Py_DECREF(decoded);
if (k >= 0) {
rel_builddir_path[k] = L'\0';
wcscpy(exec_prefix, argv0_path);
joinpath(exec_prefix, rel_builddir_path);
return -1;
}
}
}
}
/* Search from argv0_path, until root is found */
copy_absolute(exec_prefix, argv0_path, MAXPATHLEN+1);
do {
n = wcslen(exec_prefix);
joinpath(exec_prefix, lib_python);
joinpath(exec_prefix, L"lib-dynload");
if (isdir(exec_prefix))
return 1;
exec_prefix[n] = L'\0';
reduce(exec_prefix);
} while (exec_prefix[0]);
/* Look at configure's EXEC_PREFIX */
wcsncpy(exec_prefix, _exec_prefix, MAXPATHLEN);
joinpath(exec_prefix, lib_python);
joinpath(exec_prefix, L"lib-dynload");
if (isdir(exec_prefix))
return 1;
/* Fail */
return 0;
}
static void
calculate_path(void)
{
extern wchar_t *Py_GetProgramName(void);
static wchar_t delimiter[2] = {DELIM, '\0'};
static wchar_t separator[2] = {SEP, '\0'};
char *_rtpypath = Py_GETENV("PYTHONPATH"); /* XXX use wide version on Windows */
wchar_t rtpypath[MAXPATHLEN+1];
wchar_t *home = Py_GetPythonHome();
char *_path = getenv("PATH");
wchar_t *path_buffer = NULL;
wchar_t *path = NULL;
wchar_t *prog = Py_GetProgramName();
wchar_t argv0_path[MAXPATHLEN+1];
wchar_t zip_path[MAXPATHLEN+1];
int pfound, efound; /* 1 if found; -1 if found build directory */
wchar_t *buf;
size_t bufsz;
size_t prefixsz;
wchar_t *defpath;
#ifdef WITH_NEXT_FRAMEWORK
NSModule pythonModule;
#endif
#ifdef __APPLE__
#if MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MAX_ALLOWED >= MAC_OS_X_VERSION_10_4
uint32_t nsexeclength = MAXPATHLEN;
#else
unsigned long nsexeclength = MAXPATHLEN;
#endif
char execpath[MAXPATHLEN+1];
#endif
wchar_t *_pythonpath, *_prefix, *_exec_prefix;
_pythonpath = _Py_char2wchar(PYTHONPATH, NULL);
_prefix = _Py_char2wchar(PREFIX, NULL);
_exec_prefix = _Py_char2wchar(EXEC_PREFIX, NULL);
if (!_pythonpath || !_prefix || !_exec_prefix) {
Py_FatalError(
"Unable to decode path variables in getpath.c: "
"memory error");
}
if (_path) {
path_buffer = _Py_char2wchar(_path, NULL);
path = path_buffer;
}
/* If there is no slash in the argv0 path, then we have to
* assume python is on the user's $PATH, since there's no
* other way to find a directory to start the search from. If
* $PATH isn't exported, you lose.
*/
if (wcschr(prog, SEP))
wcsncpy(progpath, prog, MAXPATHLEN);
#ifdef __APPLE__
/* On Mac OS X, if a script uses an interpreter of the form
* "#!/opt/python2.3/bin/python", the kernel only passes "python"
* as argv[0], which falls through to the $PATH search below.
* If /opt/python2.3/bin isn't in your path, or is near the end,
* this algorithm may incorrectly find /usr/bin/python. To work
* around this, we can use _NSGetExecutablePath to get a better
* hint of what the intended interpreter was, although this
* will fail if a relative path was used. but in that case,
* absolutize() should help us out below
*/
else if(0 == _NSGetExecutablePath(execpath, &nsexeclength) && execpath[0] == SEP) {
size_t r = mbstowcs(progpath, execpath, MAXPATHLEN+1);
if (r == (size_t)-1 || r > MAXPATHLEN) {
/* Could not convert execpath, or it's too long. */
progpath[0] = '\0';
}
}
#endif /* __APPLE__ */
else if (path) {
while (1) {
wchar_t *delim = wcschr(path, DELIM);
if (delim) {
size_t len = delim - path;
if (len > MAXPATHLEN)
len = MAXPATHLEN;
wcsncpy(progpath, path, len);
*(progpath + len) = '\0';
}
else
wcsncpy(progpath, path, MAXPATHLEN);
joinpath(progpath, prog);
if (isxfile(progpath))
break;
if (!delim) {
progpath[0] = L'\0';
break;
}
path = delim + 1;
}
}
else
progpath[0] = '\0';
if (path_buffer != NULL)
PyMem_Free(path_buffer);
if (progpath[0] != SEP && progpath[0] != '\0')
absolutize(progpath);
wcsncpy(argv0_path, progpath, MAXPATHLEN);
argv0_path[MAXPATHLEN] = '\0';
#ifdef WITH_NEXT_FRAMEWORK
/* On Mac OS X we have a special case if we're running from a framework.
** This is because the python home should be set relative to the library,
** which is in the framework, not relative to the executable, which may
** be outside of the framework. Except when we're in the build directory...
*/
pythonModule = NSModuleForSymbol(NSLookupAndBindSymbol("_Py_Initialize"));
/* Use dylib functions to find out where the framework was loaded from */
buf = (wchar_t *)NSLibraryNameForModule(pythonModule);
if (buf != NULL) {
/* We're in a framework. */
/* See if we might be in the build directory. The framework in the
** build directory is incomplete, it only has the .dylib and a few
** needed symlinks, it doesn't have the Lib directories and such.
** If we're running with the framework from the build directory we must
** be running the interpreter in the build directory, so we use the
** build-directory-specific logic to find Lib and such.
*/
wcsncpy(argv0_path, buf, MAXPATHLEN);
reduce(argv0_path);
joinpath(argv0_path, lib_python);
joinpath(argv0_path, LANDMARK);
if (!ismodule(argv0_path)) {
/* We are in the build directory so use the name of the
executable - we know that the absolute path is passed */
wcsncpy(argv0_path, progpath, MAXPATHLEN);
}
else {
/* Use the location of the library as the progpath */
wcsncpy(argv0_path, buf, MAXPATHLEN);
}
}
#endif
#if HAVE_READLINK
{
wchar_t tmpbuffer[MAXPATHLEN+1];
int linklen = _Py_wreadlink(progpath, tmpbuffer, MAXPATHLEN);
while (linklen != -1) {
if (tmpbuffer[0] == SEP)
/* tmpbuffer should never be longer than MAXPATHLEN,
but extra check does not hurt */
wcsncpy(argv0_path, tmpbuffer, MAXPATHLEN);
else {
/* Interpret relative to progpath */
reduce(argv0_path);
joinpath(argv0_path, tmpbuffer);
}
linklen = _Py_wreadlink(argv0_path, tmpbuffer, MAXPATHLEN);
}
}
#endif /* HAVE_READLINK */
reduce(argv0_path);
/* At this point, argv0_path is guaranteed to be less than
MAXPATHLEN bytes long.
*/
if (!(pfound = search_for_prefix(argv0_path, home, _prefix))) {
if (!Py_FrozenFlag)
fprintf(stderr,
"Could not find platform independent libraries <prefix>\n");
wcsncpy(prefix, _prefix, MAXPATHLEN);
joinpath(prefix, lib_python);
}
else
reduce(prefix);
wcsncpy(zip_path, prefix, MAXPATHLEN);
zip_path[MAXPATHLEN] = L'\0';
if (pfound > 0) { /* Use the reduced prefix returned by Py_GetPrefix() */
reduce(zip_path);
reduce(zip_path);
}
else
wcsncpy(zip_path, _prefix, MAXPATHLEN);
joinpath(zip_path, L"lib/python00.zip");
bufsz = wcslen(zip_path); /* Replace "00" with version */
zip_path[bufsz - 6] = VERSION[0];
zip_path[bufsz - 5] = VERSION[2];
if (!(efound = search_for_exec_prefix(argv0_path, home, _exec_prefix))) {
if (!Py_FrozenFlag)
fprintf(stderr,
"Could not find platform dependent libraries <exec_prefix>\n");
wcsncpy(exec_prefix, _exec_prefix, MAXPATHLEN);
joinpath(exec_prefix, L"lib/lib-dynload");
}
/* If we found EXEC_PREFIX do *not* reduce it! (Yet.) */
if ((!pfound || !efound) && !Py_FrozenFlag)
fprintf(stderr,
"Consider setting $PYTHONHOME to <prefix>[:<exec_prefix>]\n");
/* Calculate size of return buffer.
*/
bufsz = 0;
if (_rtpypath) {
size_t s = mbstowcs(rtpypath, _rtpypath, sizeof(rtpypath)/sizeof(wchar_t));
if (s == (size_t)-1 || s >=sizeof(rtpypath))
/* XXX deal with errors more gracefully */
_rtpypath = NULL;
if (_rtpypath)
bufsz += wcslen(rtpypath) + 1;
}
defpath = _pythonpath;
prefixsz = wcslen(prefix) + 1;
while (1) {
wchar_t *delim = wcschr(defpath, DELIM);
if (defpath[0] != SEP)
/* Paths are relative to prefix */
bufsz += prefixsz;
if (delim)
bufsz += delim - defpath + 1;
else {
bufsz += wcslen(defpath) + 1;
break;
}
defpath = delim + 1;
}
bufsz += wcslen(zip_path) + 1;
bufsz += wcslen(exec_prefix) + 1;
/* This is the only malloc call in this file */
buf = (wchar_t *)PyMem_Malloc(bufsz*sizeof(wchar_t));
if (buf == NULL) {
/* We can't exit, so print a warning and limp along */
fprintf(stderr, "Not enough memory for dynamic PYTHONPATH.\n");
fprintf(stderr, "Using default static PYTHONPATH.\n");
module_search_path = L"" PYTHONPATH;
}
else {
/* Run-time value of $PYTHONPATH goes first */
if (_rtpypath) {
wcscpy(buf, rtpypath);
wcscat(buf, delimiter);
}
else
buf[0] = '\0';
/* Next is the default zip path */
wcscat(buf, zip_path);
wcscat(buf, delimiter);
/* Next goes merge of compile-time $PYTHONPATH with
* dynamically located prefix.
*/
defpath = _pythonpath;
while (1) {
wchar_t *delim = wcschr(defpath, DELIM);
if (defpath[0] != SEP) {
wcscat(buf, prefix);
wcscat(buf, separator);
}
if (delim) {
size_t len = delim - defpath + 1;
size_t end = wcslen(buf) + len;
wcsncat(buf, defpath, len);
*(buf + end) = '\0';
}
else {
wcscat(buf, defpath);
break;
}
defpath = delim + 1;
}
wcscat(buf, delimiter);
/* Finally, on goes the directory for dynamic-load modules */
wcscat(buf, exec_prefix);
/* And publish the results */
module_search_path = buf;
}
/* Reduce prefix and exec_prefix to their essence,
* e.g. /usr/local/lib/python1.5 is reduced to /usr/local.
* If we're loading relative to the build directory,
* return the compiled-in defaults instead.
*/
if (pfound > 0) {
reduce(prefix);
reduce(prefix);
/* The prefix is the root directory, but reduce() chopped
* off the "/". */
if (!prefix[0])
wcscpy(prefix, separator);
}
else
wcsncpy(prefix, _prefix, MAXPATHLEN);
if (efound > 0) {
reduce(exec_prefix);
reduce(exec_prefix);
reduce(exec_prefix);
if (!exec_prefix[0])
wcscpy(exec_prefix, separator);
}
else
wcsncpy(exec_prefix, _exec_prefix, MAXPATHLEN);
PyMem_Free(_pythonpath);
PyMem_Free(_prefix);
PyMem_Free(_exec_prefix);
}
/* External interface */
void
Py_SetPath(const wchar_t *path)
{
if (module_search_path != NULL) {
free(module_search_path);
module_search_path = NULL;
}
if (path != NULL) {
extern wchar_t *Py_GetProgramName(void);
wchar_t *prog = Py_GetProgramName();
wcsncpy(progpath, prog, MAXPATHLEN);
exec_prefix[0] = prefix[0] = L'\0';
module_search_path = malloc((wcslen(path) + 1) * sizeof(wchar_t));
if (module_search_path != NULL)
wcscpy(module_search_path, path);
}
}
wchar_t *
Py_GetPath(void)
{
if (!module_search_path)
calculate_path();
return module_search_path;
}
wchar_t *
Py_GetPrefix(void)
{
if (!module_search_path)
calculate_path();
return prefix;
}
wchar_t *
Py_GetExecPrefix(void)
{
if (!module_search_path)
calculate_path();
return exec_prefix;
}
wchar_t *
Py_GetProgramFullPath(void)
{
if (!module_search_path)
calculate_path();
return progpath;
}
#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif
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