for 'str' and 'unicode', and can be used instead of
types.StringTypes, e.g. to test whether something is "a string":
isinstance(x, string) is True for Unicode and 8-bit strings. This
is an abstract base class and cannot be instantiated directly.
The old syntax suggested that a trailing comma was OK inside backticks,
but in fact (due to ideosyncrasies of pgen) it was not. Fix the grammar
to avoid the ambiguity. Fred: you may want to update the refman.
[ 558249 ] softspace vs --disable-unicode
And #endif was in the wrong place.
Bugfix candidate, almost surely.
I think I will embark on squashing test failures in --disable-unicode builds --
a Real Bug was hiding under them.
don't understand how this function works, also beefed up the docs. The
most common usage error is of this form (often spread out across gotos):
if (_PyString_Resize(&s, n) < 0) {
Py_DECREF(s);
s = NULL;
goto outtahere;
}
The error is that if _PyString_Resize runs out of memory, it automatically
decrefs the input string object s (which also deallocates it, since its
refcount must be 1 upon entry), and sets s to NULL. So if the "if"
branch ever triggers, it's an error to call Py_DECREF(s): s is already
NULL! A correct way to write the above is the simpler (and intended)
if (_PyString_Resize(&s, n) < 0)
goto outtahere;
Bugfix candidate.
The SIGXFSZ signal is sent when the maximum file size limit is
exceeded (RLIMIT_FSIZE). Apparently, it is also sent when the 2GB
file limit is reached on platforms without large file support.
The default action for SIGXFSZ is to terminate the process and dump
core. When it is ignored, the system call that caused the limit to be
exceeded returns an error and sets errno to EFBIG. Python
always checks errno on I/O syscalls, so there is nothing to do with
the signal.
+ Redirect PyMem_{Del, DEL} to the object allocator's free() when
pymalloc is enabled. Needed so old extensions can continue to
mix PyObject_New with PyMem_DEL.
+ This implies that pgen needs to be able to see the PyObject_XYZ
declarations too. pgenheaders.h now includes Python.h. An
implication is that I expect obmalloc.o needs to get linked into
pgen on non-Windows boxes.
+ When PYMALLOC_DEBUG is defined, *all* Py memory API functions
now funnel through the debug allocator wrapper around pymalloc.
This is the default in a debug build.
+ That caused compile.c to fail: it indirectly mixed PyMem_Malloc
with raw platform free() in one place. This is verbotten.
Highlights: import and friends will understand any of \r, \n and \r\n
as end of line. Python file input will do the same if you use mode 'U'.
Everything can be disabled by configuring with --without-universal-newlines.
See PEP278 for details.
Added code to call this when PYMALLOC_DEBUG is enabled, and envar
PYTHONMALLOCSTATS is set, whenever a new arena is obtained and once
late in the Python shutdown process.
PEP 285. Everything described in the PEP is here, and there is even
some documentation. I had to fix 12 unit tests; all but one of these
were printing Boolean outcomes that changed from 0/1 to False/True.
(The exception is test_unicode.py, which did a type(x) == type(y)
style comparison. I could've fixed that with a single line using
issubtype(x, type(y)), but instead chose to be explicit about those
places where a bool is expected.
Still to do: perhaps more documentation; change standard library
modules to return False/True from predicates.
SF bug 535905 (Evil Trashcan and GC interaction).
The SETLOCAL() macro should not DECREF the local variable in-place and
then store the new value; it should copy the old value to a temporary
value, then store the new value, and then DECREF the temporary value.
This is because it is possible that during the DECREF the frame is
accessed by other code (e.g. a __del__ method or gc.collect()) and the
variable would be pointing to already-freed memory.
BUGFIX CANDIDATE!
descriptor, as used for the tp_methods slot of a type. These new flag
bits are both optional, and mutually exclusive. Most methods will not
use either. These flags are used to create special method types which
exist in the same namespace as normal methods without having to use
tedious construction code to insert the new special method objects in
the type's tp_dict after PyType_Ready() has been called.
If METH_CLASS is specified, the method will represent a class method
like that returned by the classmethod() built-in.
If METH_STATIC is specified, the method will represent a static method
like that returned by the staticmethod() built-in.
These flags may not be used in the PyMethodDef table for modules since
these special method types are not meaningful in that case; a
ValueError will be raised if these flags are found in that context.
This fixes the symptom, but PRINT_ITEM has no way to know what (if
anything) PyFile_WriteObject() writes unless the object being printed
is a string. When the object isn't a string, this fix retains the
guess that softspace should be set after PyFile_WriteObject().
We might want to say that it's the job of filelike-object write methods
to leave the file's softspace in the correct state. That would probably
be better -- but everyone relies on PRINT_ITEM to guess for them now.
A file-static "threads" dict mapped thread IDs to Windows handles, but
was never referenced, and entries never got removed. This gets rid of
the YAGNI-dict entirely.
Bugfix candidate.
Python/
dynload_shlib.c // EMX port emulates dlopen() etc. for DL extensions
import.c // changes to support 8.3 DLL name limit (VACPP+EMX)
// and case sensitive import semantics
importdl.h
thread_os2.h
Fix for the UTF-8 decoder: it will now accept isolated surrogates
(previously it raised an exception which causes round-trips to
fail).
Added new tests for UTF-8 round-trip safety (we rely on UTF-8 for
marshalling Unicode objects, so we better make sure it works for
all Unicode code points, including isolated surrogates).
Bumped the PYC magic in a non-standard way -- please review. This
was needed because the old PYC format used illegal UTF-8 sequences
for isolated high surrogates which now raise an exception.
By default every module is imported in its own namespace, but this can
be changed by defining USE_DYLD_GLOBAL_NAMESPACE. In a future version this
define will be replaced by a runtime setting, but that needs a bit more
thought.
This code is largely based on code and feedback from Steven Majewski,
Marcel Prastawa, Manoj Plakal and other on pythonmac-sig.
type.__module__ problems (again?)
This simply initializes the __module__ local in a class statement from
the __name__ global. I'm not 100% sure that this is the correct fix,
although it usually does the right thing. The problem is that if the
class statement executes in a custom namespace, the __name__ global
may be taken from __builtins__, in which case it would have the value
__builtin__, or it may not exist at all (if the custom namespace also
has a custom __builtins__), in which case the class statement will
fail.
Nevertheless, unless someone finds a better solution, this is a 2.2.1
bugfix too.
eval_frame(): Under -Qnew, INPLACE_DIVIDE wasn't getting handed off to
INPLACE_TRUE_DIVIDE (like BINARY_DIVIDE was getting handed off to
BINARY_TRUE_DIVIDE).
Bugfix candidate.
(ditto for PyMem_Free() -> PyMem_FREE()) to fix and close SF bug
#495875 on systems that HAVE_SNPRINTF=0.
Check in on both release-22 branch and trunk.
Based on the patch from Danny Yoo. The fix is in exec_statement() in
ceval.c.
There are also changes to introduce use of PyCode_GetNumFree() in
several places.
was obviously leaking an int object when whatever the heck it's looking for
was found. Repaired that. This accounts for why entering function and
class definitions at an interactive prompt leaked a reference to the
integer 1 each time.
Bugfix candidate.
still fail on importing modules that link with libraries that fail
their initialization code (such as windowing libraries when we don't have
access to the window server) and that is what I really wanted to fix.
Had nothing to do with rich comparisons -- some stack cleanup code was
lost as a result of merging in Neil Schemenauer's generators patch.
Reinserted the stack cleanup code, skipping it when yielding.
leak when a class defined a __metaclass__. This fixes the problem
reported on python-dev by Ping; I dunno if it's the same as SF bug
#489669 (since that mentions Unicode).
Big Hammer to implement -Qnew as PEP 238 says it should work (a global
option affecting all instances of "/").
pydebug.h, main.c, pythonrun.c: define a private _Py_QnewFlag flag, true
iff -Qnew is passed on the command line. This should go away (as the
comments say) when true division becomes The Rule. This is
deliberately not exposed to runtime inspection or modification: it's
a one-way one-shot switch to pretend you're using Python 3.
ceval.c: when _Py_QnewFlag is set, treat BINARY_DIVIDE as
BINARY_TRUE_DIVIDE.
test_{descr, generators, zipfile}.py: fiddle so these pass under
-Qnew too. This was just a matter of s!/!//! in test_generators and
test_zipfile. test_descr was trickier, as testbinop() is passed
assumptions that "/" is the same as calling a "__div__" method; put
a temporary hack there to call "__truediv__" instead when the method
name is "__div__" and 1/2 evaluates to 0.5.
Three standard tests still fail under -Qnew (on Windows; somebody
please try the Linux tests with -Qnew too! Linux runs a whole bunch
of tests Windows doesn't):
test_augassign
test_class
test_coercion
I can't stay awake longer to stare at this (be my guest). Offhand
cures weren't obvious, nor was it even obvious that cures are possible
without major hackery.
Question: when -Qnew is in effect, should calls to __div__ magically
change into calls to __truediv__? See "major hackery" at tail end of
last paragraph <wink>.
There's now a new structmember code, T_OBJECT_EX, which is used for
all __slot__ variables (except __weakref__, which has special behavior
anyway). This new code raises AttributeError when the variable is
NULL rather than converting NULL to None.
The error for assignment to __debug__ used ste->ste_opt_lineno instead
of n->n_lineno. The latter was at best incorrect; often the slot was
uninitialized. Two fixes here: Use the correct lineno for the error.
Initialize ste_opt_lineno in PySymtable_New(); while there are no
current cases where it is referenced unless it has already been
assigned to, there is no harm in initializing it.
use wrappers on all platforms, to make this as consistent as possible x-
platform (in particular, make sure there's at least one \0 byte in
the output buffer). Also document more of the truth about what these do.
getargs.c, seterror(): Three computations of remaining buffer size were
backwards, thus telling PyOS_snprintf the buffer is larger than it
actually is. This matters a lot now that PyOS_snprintf ensures there's a
trailing \0 byte (because it didn't get the truth about the buffer size,
it was storing \0 beyond the true end of the buffer).
sysmodule.c, mywrite(): Simplify, now that PyOS_vsnprintf guarantees to
produce a \0 byte.
than the argument string size, copy as many bytes as will fit
(including a terminating '\0'), rather than not copying anything.
This to make it satisfy the C99 spec.
vgetargskeywords(): Now that this routine is checking for bad input
(rather than dump core in some cases), some bad calls are raising errors
that previously "worked". This patch makes the error strings more
revealing, and changes the exceptions from SystemError to RuntimeError
(under the theory that SystemError is more of a "can't happen!" assert-
like thing, and so inappropriate for bad arguments to a public C API
function).
seterror() uses a char array and a pointer to the current position in
that array. Use snprintf() and compute the amount of space left in
the buffer based on the current pointer position.
If it returns -1 (which indicates overflow on old Linux platforms and
perhaps on Windows) or size greater than buffer, write a message
indicating that the previous message was truncated.
com_arglist(), symtable_check_unoptimized(), symtable_params(),
symtable_global(), symtable_list_comprehension():
Conversion of sprintf() to PyOS_snprintf() for buffer overrun
avoidance.
PyEval_EvalCodeEx(): increment tstate->recursion_depth around the
decref of the frame, because the C stack for this call is still in
use and the decref can lead to __del__ methods getting called.
While this gives tstate->recursion_depth a value proportional to the
depth of the C stack (instead of a small constant no matter how
deeply __del__s recurse), it's not enough to stop the reported crash
when using the default recursion limit on Windows.
Bugfix candidate.
Bugfix candidate.
tb_displayline(): the sprintf format was choking off the file name, but
used plain %s for the function name (which can be arbitrarily long).
Limit both to 500 chars max.
uninitialized memory reads reported in bug #478001.
Note that this doesn't address the following larger issues:
- Error conditions are not documented for PyOS_*sig() in the C API.
- Nothing that actually calls PyOS_*sig() in the core interpreter and
extension modules actually /checks/ the return value of the call.
Fixing those is left as an exercise for a later day.
This patch boosts performance for comparing identical string object
by some 20% on my machine while not causing any noticable slow-down
for other operations (according to tests done with pybench).
routines. As of 10.1 using Carbon will crash Python if no window server is
available (ssh connection, console mode, MacOSX Server). This fixes bug
#466907.
A result of this mod is that the default 8bit encoding on OSX is now ASCII,
for the time being. Also, the extension modules that need the Carbon
framework now explicitly include it in setup.py.
+ Squash another potential buffer overrun.
+ Simplify the keyword-arg loop by decrementing the count of keywords
remaining instead of incrementing Yet Another Variable; also break
out early if the number of keyword args remaining hits 0.
Since I hit the function's closing curly brace with this patch, that's
enough of this for now <wink>.
The "need" for this was probably removed by an earlier patch that stopped
the loop right before it from passing NULL to a dict lookup routine.
I still haven't convinced myself that the next loop is correct, so am
leaving the next mysterious PyErr_Clear() call in for now.
+ Generally test nkeywords against 0 instead of keywords against NULL
(saves a little work if an empty keywords dict is passed, and is
conceptually more on-target regardless).
+ When a call erroneously specifies a keyword argument both by position
and by keyword name:
- It was easy to provoke this routine into an internal buffer overrun
by using a long argument name. Now uses PyErr_format instead (which
computes a safe buffer size).
- Improved the error msg.
+ Got rid of now-redundant dict typecheck.
+ Renamed nkwds to nkwlist. Now all the "counting" vrbls have names
related to the things they're counting in an obvious way.
+ Renamed argslen to nargs.
+ Renamed kwlen to nkeywords. This one was especially confusing because
kwlen wasn't the length of the kwlist argument, but of the keywords
argument.
+ Removed now-redundant tuple typecheck.
+ Renamed "tplen" local to "argslen" (it's the length of the "args"
argument; I suppose "tp" was for "Tim Peters should rename me
someday <wink>).
introduced this bug just a little while ago, when *adding* internal error
checks).
vgetargskeywords: Rewrote the section that crawls over the format string.
+ Added block comment so it won't take the next person 15 minutes to
reverse-engineer what it's doing.
+ Lined up the "else" clauses.
+ Rearranged the ifs in decreasing order of likelihood (for speed).
and raise an error if they're insane.
vgetargskeywords: the same, except that since this is an internal routine,
just assert that the arguments are sane.
the kwlist vector whenever there was a mix of positional and keyword
arguments, and the number of positional arguments exceeded the length
of the kwlist vector. If there was just one more positional arg than
keyword, the kwlist-terminating NULL got passed to PyMapping_HasKeyString,
which set an internal error that vgetargskeywords() then squashed (but
it's impossible to say whether it knew it was masking an error). If
more than one more positional argument, it went on to pass random trash
to PyMapping_HasKeyString, which is why the example at the start
happened to kill the process.
Pure bugfix candidate.
to call the corresponding methods. This is not a performance improvement
since the times are still swamped by disk I/O, but cleans up the code just
a little.
In Include/, marshal.h declares both
PyMarshal_ReadLongFromFile()
and PyMarshal_ReadShortFromFile(),
but the second is missing from marshal.c.
[Shouldn't the return type be declared as 'short' instead of 'int'?
But 'int' is what was in marshal.h all those years... --Guido]
This fixes the behavior reported by SF bug #404545, where a file
x.y.py could be imported by the statement "import x.y" when there's a
frozen package x (I believe even if x.y also exists as a frozen
module).
:-).
Add a test that prevents the __hello__ bytecode from going stale
unnoticed again.
The test also tests the loophole noted in SF bug #404545. This test
will fail right now; I'll check in the fix in a minute.
The symbol table pass didn't have an explicit case for the list_iter
node which is used only for a nested list comprehension. As a result,
the target of the list comprehension was treated as a use instead of
an assignment. Fix is to add a case to symtable_node() to handle
list_iter.
Also, rework and document a couple of the subtler implementation
issues in the symbol table pass. The symtable_node() switch statement
depends on falling through the last several cases, in order to handle
some of the more complicated nodes like atom. Add a comment
explaining the behavior before the first fall through case. Add a
comment /* fall through */ at the end of case so that it is explicitly
marked as such.
Move the for_stmt case out of the fall through logic, which simplifies
both for_stmt and default. (The default used the local variable start
to skip the first three nodes of a for_stmt when it fell through.)
Rename the flag argument to symtable_assign() to def_flag and add a
comment explaining its use:
The third argument to symatble_assign() is a flag to be passed to
symtable_add_def() if it is eventually called. The flag is useful
to specify the particular type of assignment that should be
recorded, e.g. an assignment caused by import.
Also minor tweaks to internal routines.
Use PyCF_MASK instead of explicit list of flags.
For the MAKE_CLOSURE opcode, the number of items popped off the stack
depends on both the oparg and the number of free variables for the
code object. Fix the code so it accounts for the free variables.
In com_classdef(), record an extra pop to account for the STORE call
after the BUILD_CLASS.
Get rid of some commented out debugging code in com_push() and
com_pop().
Factor string resize logic into helper routine com_check_size().
In com_addbyte(), remove redudant if statement after assert. (They
test the same condition.)
In several routines, use string macros instead of string functions.
This changes Pythread_start_thread() to return the thread ID, or -1
for an error. (It's technically an incompatible API change, but I
doubt anyone calls it.)
When an extension imports another extension in its
initXXX() function, the variable _Py_PackageContext is
prematurely reset to NULL. If the outer extension then
calls Py_InitModule(), the extension is installed in
sys.modules without its package name. The
manifestation of this bug is a "SystemError:
_PyImport_FixupExtension: module <package>.<extension>
not loaded".
To fix this, importdl.c just needs to retain the old
value of _Py_PackageContext and restore it after the
initXXX() method is called. The attached patch does this.
This patch applies to Python 2.1.1 and the current CVS.
"for <var> in <testlist> may no longer be a single test followed by
a comma. This solves SF bug #431886. Note that if the testlist
contains more than one test, a trailing comma is still allowed, for
maximum backward compatibility; but this example is not:
[(x, y) for x in range(10), for y in range(10)]
^
The fix involved creating a new nonterminal 'testlist_safe' whose
definition doesn't allow the trailing comma if there's only one test:
testlist_safe: test [(',' test)+ [',']]
This patch changes to logic to:
if env.var. set and non-empty:
if env.var. is an integer:
set flag to that integer
if flag is zero: # [actually, <= 0 --GvR]
set flag to 1
Under this patch, anyone currently using
PYTHONVERBOSE=yes will get the same output as before.
PYTHONVERBNOSE=2 will generate more verbosity than
before.
The only unusual case that the following three are
still all equivalent:
PYTHONVERBOSE=yespleas
PYTHONVERBOSE=1
PYTHONVERBOSE=0
This patch updates Python/thread_pthread.h to mask all
signals for any thread created. This will keep all
signals masked for any thread that isn't the initial
thread. For Solaris and Linux, the two platforms I was
able to test it on, it solves bug #465673 (pthreads
need signal protection) and probably will solve bug
#219772 (Interactive InterPreter+ Thread -> core dump
at exit).
I'd be great if this could get some testing on other
platforms, especially HP-UX pre 11.00 and post 11.00,
as I had to make some guesses for the DCE thread case.
AIX is also a concern as I saw some mention of using
sigthreadmask() as a pthread_sigmask() equivalent, but
this patch doesn't use sigthreadmask(). I don't have
access to AIX.
The new profiler event stream includes a "return" event even when an
exception is being propogated, but the machinery that called the profile
hook did not save & restore the exception. In debug mode, the exception
was detected during the execution of the profile callback, which did not
have the proper internal flags set for the exception. Saving & restoring
the exception state solves the problem.
The profiler does not need to know anything about the exception state,
so we no longer call it when an exception is raised. We do, however,
make sure we *always* call the profiler when we exit a frame. This
ensures that timing events are more easily isolated by a profiler and
finally clauses that do a lot of work don't have their time
mis-allocated.
When an exception is propogated out of the frame, the C callback for
the profiler now receives a PyTrace_RETURN event with an arg of NULL;
the Python-level profile hook function will see a 'return' event with
an arg of None. This means that from Python it is impossible for the
profiler to determine if the frame exited with an exception or if it
returned None, but this doesn't matter for profiling. A C-based
profiler could tell the difference, but this doesn't seem important.
ceval.c:eval_frame(): Simplify the code in two places so that the
profiler is called for every exit from a frame
and not for exceptions.
sysmodule.c:profile_trampoline(): Make sure we don't expose Python
code to NULL; use None instead.
Unknown whether this fixes it.
- stringobject.c, PyString_FromFormatV: don't assume that va_list is of
a type that can be copied via an initializer.
- errors.c, PyErr_Format: add a va_end() to balance the va_start().
If a new exception occurs while an exception instance is being
created, try harder to make sure there is a traceback. If the
original exception had a traceback associated with it and the new
exception does not, keep the old exception.
Of course, callers to PyErr_NormalizeException() must still be
prepared to have tb set to NULL.
XXX This isn't an ideal solution, but it's better than no traceback at
all. It occurs if, for example, the exception occurs when the call to
the constructor fails before any Python code is executed. Guido
suggests that it there is Python code that was about to be executed
-- but wasn't, say, because it was called with the wrong number of
arguments -- then we should point at the first line of the code object
anyway.
It's possible for PyErr_NormalizeException() to set the traceback
pointer to NULL. I'm not sure how to provoke this directly from
Python, although it may be possible. The error occurs when an
exception is set using PyErr_SetObject() and another exception occurs
while PyErr_NormalizeException() is creating the exception instance.
XXX As a result of this change, it's possible for an exception to
occur but sys.last_traceback to be left undefined. Not sure if this
is a problem.
popped frame-block. What an embarrassing bug! Especially for Jeremy, since
he accepted the patch :-)
This fixes SF bugs #463359 and #462937, and possibly other, *very* obscure
bugs with very deeply nested loops that continue the loop and then break out
of it or raise an exception.
compatibility, this required all places where an array of "struct
memberlist" structures was declared that is referenced from a type's
tp_members slot to change the type of the structure to PyMemberDef;
"struct memberlist" is now only used by old code that still calls
PyMember_Get/Set. The code in PyObject_GenericGetAttr/SetAttr now
calls the new APIs PyMember_GetOne/SetOne, which take a PyMemberDef
argument.
As examples, I added actual docstrings to the attributes of a few
types: file, complex, instance method, super, and xxsubtype.spamlist.
Also converted the symtable to new style getattr.
Renamed the 'readonly' field to 'flags' and defined some new flag
bits: READ_RESTRICTED and WRITE_RESTRICTED, as well as a shortcut
RESTRICTED that means both.
backwards compatibility. When using the class of the first base as
the metaclass, use its __class__ attribute in preference over its
ob_type slot. This ensures that we can still use classic classes as
metaclasse, as shown in the original "Metaclasses" essay. This also
makes all the examples in Demo/metaclasses/ work again (maybe these
should be turned into a test suite?).
parameter for the return string (as unix pathnames are not limited
by the 255 char pstring limit).
Implemented the function for MachO-Python, where it returns unix pathnames.
by bbrox@bbrox.org / lionel.ulmer@free.fr.
This adds a configure check and if all goes well turns on the
PTHREAD_SCOPE_SYSTEM thread attribute for new threads.
This should remove the need to add tiny sleeps at the start of threads
to allow other threads to be scheduled.
Reported by Fredrik Lundh on python-dev.
The conversimple() code that handles Unicode arguments and converts
them to the default encoding now calls converterr() with the original
Unicode argument instead of the NULL returned by the failed encoding
attempt.
com_factor(): when a unary minus is attached to a float or imaginary zero,
don't optimize the UNARY_MINUS opcode away: the const dict can't
distinguish between +0.0 and -0.0, so ended up treating both like the
first one added to it. Optimizing UNARY_PLUS away isn't a problem.
(BTW, I already uploaded the 2.2a3 Windows installer, and this isn't
important enough to delay the release.)
of PyMapping_Keys because we know we have a real dict. Tolerate that
objects may have an attr named "__dict__" that's not a dict (Py_None
popped up during testing).
test_descr.py, test_dir(): Test the new classic-class behavior; beef up
the new-style class test similarly.
test_pyclbr.py, checkModule(): dir(C) is no longer a synonym for
C.__dict__.keys() when C is a classic class (looks like the same thing
that burned distutils! -- should it be *made* a synoym again? Then it
would be inconsistent with new-style class behavior.).
bag. It's clearly wrong for classic classes, at heart because a classic
class doesn't have a __class__ attribute, and I'm unclear on whether
that's feature or bug. I'll repair this once I find out (in the
meantime, dir() applied to classic classes won't find the base classes,
while dir() applied to a classic-class instance *will* find the base
classes but not *their* base classes).
Please give the new dir() a try and see whether you love it or hate it.
The new dir([]) behavior is something I could come to love. Here's
something to hate:
>>> class C:
... pass
...
>>> c = C()
>>> dir(c)
['__doc__', '__module__']
>>>
The idea that an instance has a __doc__ attribute is jarring (of course
it's really c.__class__.__doc__ == C.__doc__; likewise for __module__).
OTOH, the code already has too many special cases, and dir(x) doesn't
have a compelling or clear purpose when x isn't a module.
PEP 238. Changes:
- add a new flag variable Py_DivisionWarningFlag, declared in
pydebug.h, defined in object.c, set in main.c, and used in
{int,long,float,complex}object.c. When this flag is set, the
classic division operator issues a DeprecationWarning message.
- add a new API PyRun_SimpleStringFlags() to match
PyRun_SimpleString(). The main() function calls this so that
commands run with -c can also benefit from -Dnew.
- While I was at it, I changed the usage message in main() somewhat:
alphabetized the options, split it in *four* parts to fit in under
512 bytes (not that I still believe this is necessary -- doc strings
elsewhere are much longer), and perhaps most visibly, don't display
the full list of options on each command line error. Instead, the
full list is only displayed when -h is used, and otherwise a brief
reminder of -h is displayed. When -h is used, write to stdout so
that you can do `python -h | more'.
Notes:
- I don't want to use the -W option to control whether the classic
division warning is issued or not, because the machinery to decide
whether to display the warning or not is very expensive (it involves
calling into the warnings.py module). You can use -Werror to turn
the warnings into exceptions though.
- The -Dnew option doesn't select future division for all of the
program -- only for the __main__ module. I don't know if I'll ever
change this -- it would require changes to the .pyc file magic
number to do it right, and a more global notion of compiler flags.
- You can usefully combine -Dwarn and -Dnew: this gives the __main__
module new division, and warns about classic division everywhere
else.
pyport.h: typedef a new Py_intptr_t type.
DELICATE ASSUMPTION: That HAVE_UINTPTR_T implies intptr_t is
available as well as uintptr_t. If that turns out not to be
true, things must get uglier (C99 wants both, so I think it's
an assumption we're *likely* to get away with).
thread_nt.h, PyThread_start_new_thread: MS _beginthread is documented
as returning unsigned long; no idea why uintptr_t was being used.
Others: Always use Py_[u]intptr_t, never [u]intptr_t directly.
Check return value from future_parse() in for loop for file_input to
accomodate multiple future statements on separate lines.
Add several comments explaining how the code works.
Remove out-dated XXX comment.
Change to get/set/del slice operations so that if the object doesn't
support slicing, *or* if either of the slice arguments is not an int
or long, we construct a slice object and call the get/set/del item
operation instead. This makes it possible to design classes that
support slice arguments of non-integral types.
builtin_eval wasn't merging in the compiler flags from the current frame;
I suppose we never noticed this before because future division is the
first future-feature that can affect expressions (nested_scopes and
generators had only statement-level effects).
CO_FUTURE_DIVISION flag. Redid this to use Jeremy's PyCF_MASK #define
instead, so we dont have to remember to fiddle individual feature names
here again.
pythonrun.h: Also #define a PyCF_MASK_OBSOLETE mask. This isn't used
yet, but will be as part of the PEP 264 implementation (compile() mustn't
raise an error just because old code uses a flag name that's become
obsolete; a warning may be appropriate, but not an error; so compile() has
to know about obsolete flags too, but nobody is going to remember to
update compile() with individual obsolete flag names across releases either
-- i.e., this is the flip side of PyEval_MergeCompilerFlags's oversight).
- Do not compile unicodeobject, unicodectype, and unicodedata if Unicode is disabled
- check for Py_USING_UNICODE in all places that use Unicode functions
- disables unicode literals, and the builtin functions
- add the types.StringTypes list
- remove Unicode literals from most tests.
When code is compiled and compiler flags are passed in, be sure to
update cf_flags with any features defined by future statements in the
compiled code.
_PyImport_FixupExtension() on the exceptions module. Now
reload(exceptions) acts just like reload(sys) instead of raising
an ImportError.
This closes SF bug #422004.
The descr changes moved the dispatch for calling objects from
call_object() in ceval.c to PyObject_Call() in abstract.c.
call_object() and the many functions it used in ceval.c were no longer
used, but were not removed.
Rename meth_call() as PyCFunction_Call() so that it can be called by
the CALL_FUNCTION opcode in ceval.c.
Also, fix error message that referred to PyEval_EvalCodeEx() by its
old name eval_code2(). (I'll probably refer to it by its old name,
too.)
Revised version of Fred's patch, including support for ~ operator.
If the unary +, -, or ~ operator is applied to a constant, don't
generate a UNARY_xxx opcode. Just store the approriate value as a
constant. If the value is negative, extend the string containing the
constant and insert a negative in the 0th position.
For ~, compute the inverse of int and longs and use them directly, but
be prepared to generate code for all other possibilities (invalid
numbers, floats, complex).
same module twice, which apparently crashes Python. I could not test the
error condition, but in normal life it seems to have no adverse effects.
Also removed an unsued variable, and corrected 2 glaring errors (missing
'case' in front of a label).
Replace uses of PyCF_xxx with CO_xxx.
Replace individual feature slots in PyFutureFeatures with single
bitmask ff_features.
When flags must be transfered among the three parts of the interpreter
that care about them -- the pythonrun layer, the compiler, and the
future feature parser -- can simply or (|) the definitions.
with functionality needed for both unix-Python and MacPython and a
new smaller ./Mac/Python/macglue.c which contains MacPython stuff only.
pymactoolbox.h has moved to ./Include from ./Mac/Include and now also
contains the relevant stuff from macglue.h.
The net effect of this is that the ./Mac subdirectory is not needed
anymore for building the unix-Python core on MacOSX (it is needed
for building the extension modules).
This introduces:
- A new operator // that means floor division (the kind of division
where 1/2 is 0).
- The "future division" statement ("from __future__ import division)
which changes the meaning of the / operator to implement "true
division" (where 1/2 is 0.5).
- New overloadable operators __truediv__ and __floordiv__.
- New slots in the PyNumberMethods struct for true and floor division,
new abstract APIs for them, new opcodes, and so on.
I emphasize that without the future division statement, the semantics
of / will remain unchanged until Python 3.0.
Not yet implemented are warnings (default off) when / is used with int
or long arguments.
This has been on display since 7/31 as SF patch #443474.
Flames to /dev/null.
- Add an explicit call to PyType_Ready(&PyList_Type) to pythonrun.c
(just for the heck of it, really -- we should either explicitly
ready all types, or none).
Python warning which can be catched by means of the Python warning
framework.
It also adds two new APIs which hopefully make it easier for Python
to switch to buffer overflow safe [v]snprintf() APIs for error
reporting et al. The two new APIs are PyOS_snprintf() and
PyOS_vsnprintf() and work just like the standard ones in many
C libs. On platforms which have snprintf(), the native APIs are used,
on all other an emulation with snprintf() tries to do its best.
Fix suggested by Michael Hudson: Raise TypeError if attribute name
passed to getattr() is not a string or Unicode. There is some
unfortunate duplication of code between builtin_getattr() and
PyObject_GetAttr(), but it appears to be unavoidable.
And remove all the extern decls in the middle of .c files.
Apparently, it was excluded from the header file because it is
intended for internal use by the interpreter. It's still intended for
internal use and documented as such in the header file.
exception in the execution of bar, ensure that foo.bar exists.
(Previously, while sys.modules['foo.bar'] would exist, foo.bar would
only be created upon successful execution of bar. This is
inconvenient; some would say wrong. :-)
that 'yield' is a keyword. This doesn't help test_generators at all! I
don't know why not. These things do work now (and didn't before this
patch):
1. "from __future__ import generators" now works in a native shell.
2. Similarly "python -i xxx.py" now has generators enabled in the
shell if xxx.py had them enabled.
3. This program (which was my doctest proxy) works fine:
from __future__ import generators
source = """\
def f():
yield 1
"""
exec compile(source, "", "single") in globals()
print type(f())
that info to code dynamically compiled *by* code compiled with generators
enabled. Doesn't yet work because there's still no way to tell the parser
that "yield" is OK (unlike nested_scopes, the parser has its fingers in
this too).
Replaced PyEval_GetNestedScopes by a more-general
PyEval_MergeCompilerFlags. Perhaps I should not have? I doubted it was
*intended* to be part of the public API, so just did.
the yield statement. I figure we have to have this in before I can
release 2.2a1 on Wednesday.
Note: test_generators is currently broken, I'm counting on Tim to fix
this.
Probable fix (the bug report doesn't have enough info to say for sure).
find_init_module(): Insist on a case-sensitive match for __init__ files.
Given __INIT__.PY instead, find_init_module() thought that was fine, but
the later attempt to do find_module("__INIT__.PY") didn't and its caller
silently suppressed the resulting ImportError. Now find_init_module()
refuses to accept __INIT__.PY to begin with.
Bugfix candidate; specific to platforms with case-insensitive filesystems.
path (with no profile/trace function) through eval_code2() and
eval_frame() avoids several checks.
In the common cases of calls, returns, and exception propogation,
eval_code2() and eval_frame() used to test two values in the
thread-state: the profiling function and the tracing function. With
this change, a flag is set in the thread-state if either of these is
active, allowing a single check to suffice when both are NULL. This
also simplifies the code needed when either function is in use but is
already active (to avoid profiling/tracing the profiler/tracer); the
flag is set to 0 when the profile/trace code is entered, allowing the
same check to suffice for "already in the tracer" for call/return/
exception events.
"return expr" instances in generators (which latter may be generators
due to otherwise invisible "yield" stmts hiding in "if 0" blocks).
This was fun the first time, but this has gotten truly ugly now.
Python interpreter.
This change adds two new C-level APIs: PyEval_SetProfile() and
PyEval_SetTrace(). These can be used to install profile and trace
functions implemented in C, which can operate at much higher speeds
than Python-based functions. The overhead for calling a C-based
profile function is a very small fraction of a percent of the overhead
involved in calling a Python-based function.
The machinery required to call a Python-based profile or trace
function been moved to sysmodule.c, where sys.setprofile() and
sys.setprofile() simply become users of the new interface.
As a side effect, SF bug #436058 is fixed; there is no longer a
_PyTrace_Init() function to declare.
Implement sys.maxunicode.
Explicitly wrap around upper/lower computations for wide Py_UNICODE.
When decoding large characters with UTF-8, represent expected test
results using the \U notation.
- the correct range for the error message is range(0x110000);
- put the 4-byte Unicode-size code inside the same else branch as the
2-byte code, rather generating unreachable code in the 2-byte case.
- Don't hide the 'else' behine the '}'.
(I would prefer that in 4-byte mode, any value should be accepted, but
reasonable people can argue about that, so I'll put that off.)
Add configure option --enable-unicode.
Add config.h macros Py_USING_UNICODE, PY_UNICODE_TYPE, Py_UNICODE_SIZE,
SIZEOF_WCHAR_T.
Define Py_UCS2.
Encode and decode large UTF-8 characters into single Py_UNICODE values
for wide Unicode types; likewise for UTF-16.
Remove test whether sizeof Py_UNICODE is two.
Iterators list and Python-Dev; e.g., these all pass now:
def g1():
try:
return
except:
yield 1
assert list(g1()) == []
def g2():
try:
return
finally:
yield 1
assert list(g2()) == [1]
def g3():
for i in range(3):
yield None
yield None
assert list(g3()) == [None] * 4
compile.c: compile_funcdef and com_return_stmt: Just van Rossum's patch
to compile the same code for "return" regardless of function type (this
goes back to the previous scheme of returning Py_None).
ceval.c: gen_iternext: take a return (but not a yield) of Py_None as
meaning the generator is exhausted.
the next free valuestack slot, not to the base (in America, stacks push
and pop at the top -- they mutate at the bottom in Australia <winK>).
eval_frame(): assert that f_stacktop isn't NULL upon entry.
frame_delloc(): avoid ordered pointer comparisons involving f_stacktop
when f_stacktop is NULL.
reference to f_back when its really needed. Do a little whitespace
normalization as well. This whole file is a big war between tabs and spaces
but now is probably not the time to reindent everything.
NeilS, please check! This came from staring at your genbug.py, but I'm
not sure it plugs all possible holes. Without this, I caught a
frameobject refcount going negative, and it was also the cause (in debug
build) of _Py_ForgetReference's attempt to forget an object with already-
NULL _ob_prev and _ob_next pointers -- although I'm still not entirely
sure how! Part of the difficulty is that frameobjects are stored on a
free list that gets recycled very quickly, so if there's a stray pointer
to one of them it never looks like an insane frameobject (never goes
trough the free() mangling MS debug forces, etc).
and trace functions lazily, which incurs extra argument pushing and checks
in the C overhead for profiling/tracing, create the strings semi-lazily
when the Python code first registers a profile or trace function. This
simplifies the trampoline into the profile/trace functions.
Armin Rigo pointed out that the way the line-# table got built didn't work
for lines generating more than 255 bytes of bytecode. Fixed as he
suggested, plus corresponding changes to pyassem.py, plus added some
long overdue docs about this subtle table to compile.c.
Bugfix candidate (line numbers may be off in tracebacks under -O).
that should be used to cache an interned version of the event
string passed to the profile/trace function. call_trace() will
create interned strings and cache them in using the storage
specified by this additional parameter, avoiding a lot of string
object creation at runtime when using the profiling or tracing
functions.
All call sites are modified to pass the additional parameter, and four
static PyObject* variables are allocated to cache the interned string
objects.
This closes SF patch #431257.
in release builds. Suggested by Martin v. Loewis.
I'm half tempted to macroize PyErr_Occurred too, as the whole thing could
collapse to just
_PyThreadState_Current->curexc_type
In the default branch, keep three ifs that are used if level == 0, the
most common case. Note that first if here is a slight optimization
for the 'O' format.
Second part of SF patch 426072.
Note that lots of code was re-indented.
Replace two-step of convertsimple() and convertsimple1() with
convertsimple() and helper converterr(), which is called to format
error messages when convertsimple() fails. The old code did all the
real work in convertsimple1(), but deferred error message formatting
to conversimple(). The result was paying the price of a second
function call on every call just to format error messages in the
failure cases.
Factor out of the buffer-handling code in convertsimple() and package
it as convertbuffer().
Add two macros to ease readability of Unicode coversions,
UNICODE_DEFAULT_ENCODING() and CONV_UNICODE, an error string.
The convertsimple() routine had awful indentation problems, primarily
because there were two tabs between the case line and the body of the
case statements. This patch reformats the entire function to have a
single tab between case line and case body, which makes the code
easier to read (and consistent with ceval). The introduction of
converterr() exacerbated the problem and prompted this fix.
Also, eliminate non-standard whitespace after opening paren and before
closing paren in a few if statements.
(This checkin is part of SF patch 426072.)
Keyword arguments passed to builtin functions that don't take them are
ignored.
>>> {}.clear(x=2)
>>>
instead of
>>> {}.clear(x=2)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?
TypeError: clear() takes no keyword arguments
Guido van Rossum
Tim Peters
Michael W. Hudson
Neil Schemenauer
Jeremy Hylton
Jack Jansen
Martin v. Löwis
Marc-André Lemburg
Neal Norwitz
Skip Montanaro
Fred Drake
Andrew MacIntyre
Barry Warsaw
Greg Ward
Thomas Wouters
Sjoerd Mullender
Moshe Zadka
Fredrik Lundh