They are alternate constructors which only accept numbers
(including objects with special methods __float__, __complex__
and __index__), but not strings.
It is our general practice to make new optional parameters keyword-only,
even if the existing parameters are all positional-or-keyword. Passing
this parameter as positional would look confusing and could be error-prone
if additional parameters are added in the future.
Add *preserve_metadata* keyword-only argument to `pathlib.Path.copy()`, defaulting to false. When set to true, we copy timestamps, permissions, extended attributes and flags where available, like `shutil.copystat()`. The argument has no effect on Windows, where metadata is always copied.
Internally (in the pathlib ABCs), path types gain `_readable_metadata` and `_writable_metadata` attributes. These sets of strings describe what kinds of metadata can be retrieved and stored. We take an intersection of `source._readable_metadata` and `target._writable_metadata` to minimise reads/writes. A new `_read_metadata()` method accepts a set of metadata keys and returns a dict with those keys, and a new `_write_metadata()` method accepts a dict of metadata. We *might* make these public in future, but it's hard to justify while the ABCs are still private.
In `{str,bytes}.strip(chars)`, multiple characters are not treated as a
prefix/suffix, but as individual characters. This may make users confuse
whether `split` has similar behavior.
Users may incorrectly expect that
`'Good morning, John.'.split(', .') == ['Good', 'morning', 'John']`
Adding a bit of clarification in the doc.
Co-authored-by: Yuxin Wu <ppwwyyxx@users.noreply.github.com>
This amends 6988ff02a5: memory allocation for
stginfo->ffi_type_pointer.elements in PyCSimpleType_init() should be
more generic (perhaps someday fmt->pffi_type->elements will be not a
two-elements array).
It should finally resolve#61103.
Co-authored-by: Victor Stinner <vstinner@python.org>
Co-authored-by: Bénédikt Tran <10796600+picnixz@users.noreply.github.com>
Check for `ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER` when calling `_winapi.CopyFile2()` and
raise `UnsupportedOperation`. In `Path.copy()`, handle this exception and
fall back to the `PathBase.copy()` implementation.
Add dedicated subsection for `home()`, `expanduser()`, `cwd()`,
`absolute()`, `resolve()` and `readlink()`. The position of this section
keeps all the `Path` constructors (`Path()`, `Path.from_uri()`,
`Path.home()` and `Path.cwd()`) near the top. Within the section, closely
related methods are kept adjacent. Specifically:
-.`home()` and `expanduser()` (the former calls the latter)
- `cwd()` and `absolute()` (the former calls the latter)
- `absolute()` and `resolve()` (both make paths absolute)
- `resolve()` and `readlink()` (both read symlink targets)
- Ditto `cwd()` and `absolute()`
- Ditto `absolute()` and `resolve()`
The "Other methods" section is removed.
* Move pprinter parameters description to the table
The change improves readability.
Suggested in the GH#116085 PR discussion.
* Make pprint doc with params markup
* Fix formatting
Indentation of code blocks made them nested
"Version changed" is better placed after the code block
* Fix formatting for tests
* fix code indentation for autotests
* Fix identation for autotests
* Remove duplication of the parameters' description
* Rearrange parameters description in a correct order
---------
Co-authored-by: Hugo van Kemenade <1324225+hugovk@users.noreply.github.com>
Add dedicated subsection for `pathlib.owner()`, `group()`, `chmod()` and
`lchmod()`.
Co-authored-by: Hugo van Kemenade <1324225+hugovk@users.noreply.github.com>
Add `pathlib.Path.copytree()` method, which recursively copies one
directory to another.
This differs from `shutil.copytree()` in the following respects:
1. Our method has a *follow_symlinks* argument, whereas shutil's has a
*symlinks* argument with an inverted meaning.
2. Our method lacks something like a *copy_function* argument. It always
uses `Path.copy()` to copy files.
3. Our method lacks something like a *ignore_dangling_symlinks* argument.
Instead, users can filter out danging symlinks with *ignore*, or
ignore exceptions with *on_error*
4. Our *ignore* argument is a callable that accepts a single path object,
whereas shutil's accepts a path and a list of child filenames.
5. We add an *on_error* argument, which is a callable that accepts
an `OSError` instance. (`Path.walk()` also accepts such a callable).
Co-authored-by: Nice Zombies <nineteendo19d0@gmail.com>
Add support for not following symlinks in `pathlib.Path.copy()`.
On Windows we add the `COPY_FILE_COPY_SYMLINK` flag is following symlinks is disabled. If the source is symlink to a directory, this call will fail with `ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED`. In this case we add `COPY_FILE_DIRECTORY` to the flags and retry. This can fail on old Windowses, which we note in the docs.
No news as `copy()` was only just added.
The `inspect.ismethoddescriptor()` function did not check for the lack of
`__delete__()` and, consequently, erroneously returned True when applied
to *data* descriptors with only `__get__()` and `__delete__()` defined.
Co-authored-by: Bénédikt Tran <10796600+picnixz@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Alyssa Coghlan <ncoghlan@gmail.com>
Add thread-safety clarifications to the SSLContext documentation. Per the issue:
This issue has also come up [here](https://github.com/psf/requests/pull/6667) where the matter was clarified by @tiran in [this comment](https://github.com/psf/requests/pull/6667):
> `SSLContext` is designed to be shared and used for multiple connections. It is thread safe as long as you don't reconfigure it once it is used by a connection. Adding new certs to the internal trust store is fine, but changing ciphers, verification settings, or mTLS certs can lead to surprising behavior. The problem is unrelated to threads and can even occur in a single-threaded program.
This matches the output behavior in 3.10 and earlier; the optimization in 3.11 allowed the zlib library's "os" value to be filled in instead in the circumstance when mtime was 0. this keeps things consistent.
Add a `Path.copy()` method that copies the content of one file to another.
This method is similar to `shutil.copyfile()` but differs in the following ways:
- Uses `fcntl.FICLONE` where available (see GH-81338)
- Uses `os.copy_file_range` where available (see GH-81340)
- Uses `_winapi.CopyFile2` where available, even though this copies more metadata than the other implementations. This makes `WindowsPath.copy()` more similar to `shutil.copy2()`.
The method is presently _less_ specified than the `shutil` functions to allow OS-specific optimizations that might copy more or less metadata.
Incorporates code from GH-81338 and GH-93152.
Co-authored-by: Eryk Sun <eryksun@gmail.com>
Add dedicated subsection for `pathlib.Path.touch()`, `mkdir()`,
`symlink_to()` and `hardlink_to()`. Also note that `open()`, `write_text()`
and `write_bytes()` are often used to create files.
Co-authored-by: Hugo van Kemenade <1324225+hugovk@users.noreply.github.com>
Adjust DeprecationWarning when testing element truth values in ElementTree, we're planning to go with the more natural True return rather than a disruptive harder to code around exception raise, and are deferring the behavior change for a few more releases.
- Explicit list of what it does that is different from
"just return __annotations__"
- Remove reference to PEP 563; adding the future import doesn't
do anything to type aliases, and in general it will never make
get_type_hints() less likely to fail.
- Remove example, as the Annotated docs already have a similar
example, and it's unbalanced to have one example about this
one edge case but not about other behaviors of the function.
Co-authored-by: Alex Waygood <Alex.Waygood@Gmail.com>
Remove the delegation of `int` to the `__trunc__` special method: `int` will now only delegate to `__int__` and `__index__` (in that order). `__trunc__` continues to exist, but its sole purpose is to support `math.trunc`.
---------
Co-authored-by: Bénédikt Tran <10796600+picnixz@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Serhiy Storchaka <storchaka@gmail.com>
* Passing a string as the "real" keyword argument is now an error;
it should only be passed as a single positional argument.
* Passing a complex number as the "real" or "imag" argument is now deprecated;
it should only be passed as a single positional argument.
* Remove the equivalence with real+imag*1j which can be incorrect in corner
cases (non-finite numbers, the sign of zeroes).
* Separately document the three roles of the constructor: parsing a string,
converting a number, and constructing a complex from components.
* Document positional-only parameters of complex(), float(), int() and bool()
as positional-only.
* Add examples for complex() and int().
* Specify the grammar of the string for complex().
* Improve the grammar of the string for float().
* Describe more explicitly the behavior when real and/or imag arguments are
complex numbers. (This will be deprecated in future.)
GH-25416 accidentally replaced a reference to the *stderr* argument of
`subprocess.run` with a reference to the *stdin* argument. *stdin* is
not affected by the `check_output` option.
Structure layout, and especially bitfields, sometimes resulted in clearly
wrong behaviour like overlapping fields. This fixes
Co-authored-by: Gregory P. Smith <gps@python.org>
Co-authored-by: Petr Viktorin <encukou@gmail.com>
pathlib now treats "`.`" as a valid file extension (suffix). This brings
it in line with `os.path.splitext()`.
In the (private) pathlib ABCs, we add a new `ParserBase.splitext()` method
that splits a path into a `(root, ext)` pair, like `os.path.splitext()`.
This method is called by `PurePathBase.stem`, `suffix`, etc. In a future
version of pathlib, we might make these base classes public, and so users
will be able to define their own `splitext()` method to control file
extension splitting.
In `pathlib.PurePath` we add optimised `stem`, `suffix` and `suffixes`
properties that don't use `splitext()`, which avoids computing the path
base name twice.
Attempted to simultaneously reduce verbosity, while more descriptively
describing behavior.
Fix links (RLock acquire/release previously linking to Lock
acquire/release, seems like bad copy pasta).
Add a seealso for with-locks.
Switch section to use bullet points.
---------
Co-authored-by: Alex Waygood <Alex.Waygood@Gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: C.A.M. Gerlach <CAM.Gerlach@Gerlach.CAM>
When updating the new exec note added in gh-119235 as part of the
PEP 667 general docs PR, I suggested a workaround that isn't valid.
The first half of the note is still reasonable, so just omit the invalid text.
* bpo-15987: Implement ast.compare
Add a compare() function that compares two ASTs for structural equality. There are two set of attributes on AST node objects, fields and attributes. The fields are always compared, since they represent the actual structure of the code. The attributes can be optionally be included in the comparison. Attributes capture things like line numbers of column offsets, so comparing them involves test whether the layout of the program text is the same. Since whitespace seems inessential for comparing ASTs, the default is to compare fields but not attributes.
ASTs are just Python objects that can be modified in arbitrary ways. The API for ASTs is under-specified in the presence of user modifications to objects. The comparison respects modifications to fields and attributes, and to _fields and _attributes attributes. A user could create obviously malformed objects, and the code will probably fail with an AttributeError when that happens. (For example, adding "spam" to _fields but not adding a "spam" attribute to the object.)
Co-authored-by: Jeremy Hylton <jeremy@alum.mit.edu>
The PEP 649 implementation will require a way to load NotImplementedError
from the bytecode. @markshannon suggested implementing this by converting
LOAD_ASSERTION_ERROR into a more general mechanism for loading constants.
This PR adds this new opcode. I will work on the rest of the implementation
of the PEP separately.
Co-authored-by: Irit Katriel <1055913+iritkatriel@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Adam Turner <9087854+AA-Turner@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Jelle Zijlstra <jelle.zijlstra@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Erlend E. Aasland <erlend@python.org>
Co-authored-by: Hugo van Kemenade <1324225+hugovk@users.noreply.github.com>
* expand on What's New entry for PEP 667 (including porting notes)
* define 'optimized scope' as a glossary term
* cover comprehensions and generator expressions in locals() docs
* review all mentions of "locals" in documentation (updating if needed)
* review all mentions of "f_locals" in documentation (updating if needed)
* Remove description of issue fixed in 3.5 from autospeccing guide
* Make autospeccing note text more succint and lint whitespace
* Add linting changes (missed in last commit)
---------
Co-authored-by: Carol Willing <carolcode@willingconsulting.com>
Many users think they want a locals argument for various reasons but they do not
understand that it makes code be treated as a class definition. They do not want
their code treated as a class definition and get surprised. The reason not
to pass locals specifically is that the following code raises a `NameError`:
```py
exec("""
def f():
print("hi")
f()
def g():
f()
g()
""", {}, {})
```
The reason not to leave out globals is as follows:
```py
def t():
exec("""
def f():
print("hi")
f()
def g():
f()
g()
""")
```
Nobody has been using a Sun machine for a long time. When I saw
this sentence in a lightning talk just now, I thought it was talking
about sending Python code on a spacecraft.
Suppress all `OSError` exceptions from `pathlib.Path.exists()` and `is_*()`
rather than a selection of more common errors as we do presently. Also
adjust the implementations to call `os.path.exists()` etc, which are much
faster on Windows thanks to GH-101196.
The provided example was incorrect:
- The example enum was missing the `int` mixin as implied by the context
- The value of `int('1a', 16)` was incorrectly given as 17
(should be 26)
Now, such classes will no longer require changes in Python 3.13 in the normal case.
The test suite for robotframework passes with no DeprecationWarnings under this PR.
I also added a new DeprecationWarning for the case where `_field_types` exists
but is incomplete, since that seems likely to indicate a user mistake.
* Add the PhotoImage method copy_replace() to copy a region
from one image to other image, possibly with pixel zooming and/or
subsampling.
* Add from_coords parameter to PhotoImage methods copy(), zoom() and subsample().
* Add zoom and subsample parameters to PhotoImage method copy().
The function returns `True` or `False` depending on whether the GIL is
currently enabled. In the default build, it always returns `True`
because the GIL is always enabled.
* docs: tiny grammar change: "pointed by" -> "pointed to by"
This commit uses "file pointed to by" to replace "file pointed by" in
- doc for shutil.copytree
- docstring for shutil.copytree
- docstring _abc.PathBase.open
- docstring for pathlib.Path.open
- doc for os.copy_file_range
- doc for os.splice
The docs use "file pointed to by" more frequently than
"file pointed by". So, this commit replaces the uses of
"file pointed by" in order to make the uses consistent
through the docs.
```bash
$ grep -ri 'pointed to by' cpython/
```
yields more results than
```bash
$ grep -ri 'pointed by' cpython/
```
Separately:
There are two occurrences of "tree pointed by":
- cpython/Doc/library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst for
`xml.etree.ElementInclude.include`
- cpython/Lib/xml/etree/ElementInclude.py for `include`
For those uses of "tree pointed by", I expect "tree pointed to by"
instead. However, I found enough uses online of (a) "tree pointed by"
rather than (b) "tree pointed to by" to convince me that (a) is in
common use.
So, this commit does not replace those occurrences of "tree pointed by"
to "tree pointed to by". But I will replace them if a reviewer
believes it is correct to replace them.
* docs: typo: "exists and executable" -> "exists and is executable"
---------
Co-authored-by: Andrew-Zipperer <atzipperer@gmail.com>
* Expand the 'Extending' docs to provide a minimal example. Closespython/importlib_metadata#427.
Co-authored-by: Hugo van Kemenade <1324225+hugovk@users.noreply.github.com>
The `argument_list` parameter of bdb.Bdb.user_call has been useless for 25 years. It is retained for backwards compatibility, but it will always be None.
* Add name and mode attributes for compressed and archived file-like objects
in modules bz2, lzma, tarfile and zipfile.
* Change the value of the mode attribute of GzipFile from integer (1 or 2)
to string ('rb' or 'wb').
* Change the value of the mode attribute of ZipExtFile from 'r' to 'rb'.
Tarfile.addfile now throws an ValueError when the user passes
in a non-zero size tarinfo but does not provide a fileobj,
instead of writing an incomplete entry.
The implementation uses 'ptr' for the name of the first parameter of
ctypes.string_at() and ctypes.wstring_at(). Align docs and docstrings
with the naming used in the implementation.
Co-authored-by: Irit Katriel <1055913+iritkatriel@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Erlend E. Aasland <erlend.aasland@protonmail.com>
Since 6258844c, paths that might not exist can be fed into pathlib's
globbing implementation, which will call `os.scandir()` / `os.lstat()` only
when strictly necessary. This allows us to drop an initial `self.is_dir()`
call, which saves a `stat()`.
Co-authored-by: Shantanu <12621235+hauntsaninja@users.noreply.github.com>
rfc9110 obsoletes the earlier rfc 7231. This document also includes some
status codes that were previously only used for WebDAV and assigns more
generic names to these status codes.
ref: https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9110.html#name-changes-from-rfc-7231
- http.HTTPStatus.CONTENT_TOO_LARGE (413, previously
REQUEST_ENTITY_TOO_LARGE)
- http.HTTPStatus.URI_TOO_LONG (414, previously REQUEST_URI_TOO_LONG)
- http.HTTPStatus.RANGE_NOT_SATISFYABLE (416, previously
REQUEST_RANGE_NOT_SATISFYABLE)
- http.HTTPStatus.UNPROCESSABLE_CONTENT (422, previously
UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY)
The new constants are added to http.HTTPStatus and the old constant names are
preserved for backwards compatibility.
References in documentation to the obsoleted rfc 7231 are updated
I think the choice of wording in these docs is great and doesn't
need to change. However, it could be useful to explicitly define
this term / the cost of doing so seems relatively low.
gh-16429 introduced support for an iterable of separators in
Stream.readuntil. Since bytes-like types are themselves iterable, this
can introduce ambiguities in deciding whether the argument is an
iterator of separators or a singleton separator. In gh-16429, only 'bytes'
was considered a singleton, but this will break code that passes other
buffer object types.
Fix it by only supporting tuples rather than arbitrary iterables.
Closes gh-117722.
This prevents external cancellations of a task group's parent task to
be dropped when an internal cancellation happens at the same time.
Also strengthen the semantics of uncancel() to clear self._must_cancel
when the cancellation count reaches zero.
Co-Authored-By: Tin Tvrtković <tinchester@gmail.com>
Co-Authored-By: Arthur Tacca
* remove load extension doctest since we cannot skip it conditionally
* remove sys.unraisablehook example; using unraisable hooks is not "an
improved debug experience"
Replace tri-state `follow_symlinks` with boolean `recurse_symlinks` argument. The new argument controls whether symlinks are followed when expanding recursive `**` wildcards. The possible argument values correspond as follows:
follow_symlinks recurse_symlinks
=============== ================
False N/A
None False
True True
We therefore drop support for not following symlinks when expanding non-recursive pattern parts; it wasn't requested in the original issue, and it's a feature not found in any shells.
This makes the API a easier to grok by eliminating `None` as an option.
No news blurb as `follow_symlinks` was new in 3.13.
* as_completed returns object that is both iterator and async iterator
* Existing tests adjusted to test both the old and new style
* New test to ensure iterator can be resumed
* New test to ensure async iterator yields any passed-in Futures as-is
Co-authored-by: Serhiy Storchaka <storchaka@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Guido van Rossum <gvanrossum@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Hugo van Kemenade <1324225+hugovk@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Jacob Coffee <jacob@z7x.org>
Co-authored-by: Malcolm Smith <smith@chaquo.com>
Co-authored-by: Ned Deily <nad@python.org>
Co-authored-by: Hugo van Kemenade <1324225+hugovk@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Malcolm Smith <smith@chaquo.com>
Co-authored-by: Ned Deily <nad@python.org>
* Reads zip64 files as produced by the zipfile module
* Include tests (somewhat slow, however, because of the need to create "large" zips)
* About the same amount of strictness reading invalid zip files as zipfile has
* Still works on files with prepended data (like pex)
There are a lot more test cases at https://github.com/thatch/zipimport64/ that give me confidence that this works for real-world files.
Fixes#89739 and #77140.
---------
Co-authored-by: Itamar Ostricher <itamarost@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Gregory P. Smith <greg@krypto.org>
* GH-113171: Fix "private" (really non-global) IP address ranges
The _private_networks variables, used by various is_private
implementations, were missing some ranges and at the same time had
overly strict ranges (where there are more specific ranges considered
globally reachable by the IANA registries).
This patch updates the ranges with what was missing or otherwise
incorrect.
I left 100.64.0.0/10 alone, for now, as it's been made special in [1]
and I'm not sure if we want to undo that as I don't quite understand the
motivation behind it.
The _address_exclude_many() call returns 8 networks for IPv4, 121
networks for IPv6.
[1] https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/61602
Serhiy Storchaka
Dominic H
Jelle Zijlstra
Jan Musílek
Ulrik Södergren
mirelagrigoras
Timon Viola
AN Long
Hugo van Kemenade
CBerJun
Barney Gale
Yuxin Wu
Sergey B Kirpichev
Ali Tavallaie
Amin Alaee
sobolevn
Victor Stinner
Kirill Podoprigora
Russell Keith-Magee
Kerim Kabirov
Bénédikt Tran
Alek Kowalczyk
Nyakku Shigure
Kumar Aditya
Nice Zombies
blhsing
Awbert
Jan Kaliszewski
Mark Shannon
Saul Pwanson
Frank Dana
Gregory P. Smith
mm-matthias
Nyuan Zhang
Ruben Vorderman
Tian Gao
Owain Davies
naglis
Clinton
Aditya Borikar
Jacob Walls
David Lowry-Duda
Irit Katriel
shurj0
Jason R. Coombs
Mark Dickinson
Raymond Hettinger
Zachary Ware
Bradley Reynolds
Matthias Görgens
Justin Kunimune
Rafael Fontenelle
Ned Batchelder
Petr Viktorin
uıɐɾ ʞ ʇɐɯɐs
Mathijs Mortimer
Alyssa Coghlan
Batuhan Taskaya
Landon Wood
Josh Cannon
Daniel Williams
Alex Waygood
Shauna
Tialo
Hood Chatham
Sebastian Rittau
David Foster
Shantanu
pochmann3
Adam Dangoor
Inada Naoki
Xie Yanbo
trag1c
chrysn
Momo Eissenhauer
Sam Gross
Raphael Gaschignard
Steve Dower
Andrew Zipperer
Filipe Laíns
edson duarte
Donghee Na
Henrik Tunedal
Philipp A
Animesh Kumar
tahia
Clément Robert
lyc8503
Mariusz Felisiak
Shreyan Avigyan
Douglas Thor
Erlend E. Aasland
Gouvernathor
Michiel W. Beijen
Tomas R
Bruce Merry
Mikhail B
Laurie O
Guido van Rossum
Anita Hammer
Vinay Sajip
Zackery Spytz
Moshe Kaplan
Matthew Davis
Justin Turner Arthur
Adorilson Bezerra
Pedro Lacerda
Christopher Chianelli
Malcolm Smith
Joachim Wuttke
Tim Hatch
LilKS
Jakub Stasiak