This change adds an `eval_breaker` field to `PyThreadState`. The primary
motivation is for performance in free-threaded builds: with thread-local eval
breakers, we can stop a specific thread (e.g., for an async exception) without
interrupting other threads.
The source of truth for the global instrumentation version is stored in the
`instrumentation_version` field in PyInterpreterState. Threads usually read the
version from their local `eval_breaker`, where it continues to be colocated
with the eval breaker bits.
Biased reference counting maintains two refcount fields in each object:
`ob_ref_local` and `ob_ref_shared`. The true refcount is the sum of these two
fields. In some cases, when refcounting operations are split across threads,
the ob_ref_shared field can be negative (although the total refcount must be
at least zero). In this case, the thread that decremented the refcount
requests that the owning thread give up ownership and merge the refcount
fields.
Xie Yanbo
Sam Gross
Brett Simmers