* gh-112529: Remove PyGC_Head from object pre-header in free-threaded build
This avoids allocating space for PyGC_Head in the free-threaded build.
The GC implementation for free-threaded CPython does not use the
PyGC_Head structure.
* The trashcan mechanism uses the `ob_tid` field instead of `_gc_prev`
in the free-threaded build.
* The GDB libpython.py file now determines the offset of the managed
dict field based on whether the running process is a free-threaded
build. Those are identified by the `ob_ref_local` field in PyObject.
* Fixes `_PySys_GetSizeOf()` which incorrectly incorrectly included the
size of `PyGC_Head` in the size of static `PyTypeObject`.
Add an option (--enable-experimental-jit for configure-based builds
or --experimental-jit for PCbuild-based ones) to build an
*experimental* just-in-time compiler, based on copy-and-patch (https://fredrikbk.com/publications/copy-and-patch.pdf).
See Tools/jit/README.md for more information on how to install the required build-time tooling.
For interpreters that share state with the main interpreter, this points
to the same static memory structure. For interpreters with their own
obmalloc state, it is heap allocated. Add free_obmalloc_arenas() which
will free the obmalloc arenas and radix tree structures for interpreters
with their own obmalloc state.
Co-authored-by: Eric Snow <ericsnowcurrently@gmail.com>
* gh-112529: Implement GC for free-threaded builds
This implements a mark and sweep GC for the free-threaded builds of
CPython. The implementation relies on mimalloc to find GC tracked
objects (i.e., "containers").
* Bring in a subset of biased reference counting:
https://github.com/colesbury/nogil/commit/b6b12a9a94e
The NoGIL branch has functions for attempting to do an incref on an object which may or may not be in flight. This just brings those functions over so that they will be usable from in the dict implementation to get items w/o holding a lock.
There's a handful of small simple modifications:
Adding inline to the force inline functions to avoid a warning, and switching from _Py_ALWAYS_INLINE to Py_ALWAYS_INLINE as that's available
Remove _Py_REF_LOCAL_SHIFT as it doesn't exist yet (and is currently 0 in the 3.12 nogil branch anyway)
ob_ref_shared is currently Py_ssize_t and not uint32_t, so use that
_PY_LIKELY doesn't exist, so drop it
_Py_ThreadLocal becomes _Py_IsOwnedByCurrentThread
Add '_PyInterpreterState_GET()' to _Py_IncRefTotal calls.
Co-Authored-By: Sam Gross <colesbury@gmail.com>
The `--disable-gil` builds occasionally need to pause all but one thread. Some
examples include:
* Cyclic garbage collection, where this is often called a "stop the world event"
* Before calling `fork()`, to ensure a consistent state for internal data structures
* During interpreter shutdown, to ensure that daemon threads aren't accessing Python objects
This adds the following functions to implement global and per-interpreter pauses:
* `_PyEval_StopTheWorldAll()` and `_PyEval_StartTheWorldAll()` (for the global runtime)
* `_PyEval_StopTheWorld()` and `_PyEval_StartTheWorld()` (per-interpreter)
(The function names may change.)
These functions are no-ops outside of the `--disable-gil` build.
This adds support for visiting abandoned pages in mimalloc and improves
the performance of the page visiting code. Abandoned pages contain
memory blocks from threads that have exited. At some point, they may be
later reclaimed by other threads. We still need to visit those pages in
the free-threaded GC because they contain live objects.
This also reduces the overhead of visiting mimalloc pages:
* Special cases for full, empty, and pages containing only a single
block.
* Fix free_map to use one bit instead of one byte per block.
* Use fast integer division by a constant algorithm when computing
block offset from block size and index.
* gh-112529: Use GC heaps for GC allocations in free-threaded builds
The free-threaded build's garbage collector implementation will need to
find GC objects by traversing mimalloc heaps. This hooks up the
allocation calls with the correct heaps by using a thread-local
"current_obj_heap" variable.
* Refactor out setting heap based on type
* gh-112529: Track if debug allocator is used as underlying allocator
The GC implementation for free-threaded builds will need to accurately
detect if the debug allocator is used because it affects the offset of
the Python object from the beginning of the memory allocation. The
current implementation of `_PyMem_DebugEnabled` only considers if the
debug allocator is the outer-most allocator; it doesn't handle the case
of "hooks" like tracemalloc being used on top of the debug allocator.
This change enables more accurate detection of the debug allocator by
tracking when debug hooks are enabled.
* Simplify _PyMem_DebugEnabled
This splits part of Modules/gcmodule.c of into Python/gc.c, which
now contains the core garbage collection implementation. The Python
module remain in the Modules/gcmodule.c file.
* gh-112532: Tag mimalloc heaps and pages
Mimalloc pages are data structures that contain contiguous allocations
of the same block size. Note that they are distinct from operating
system pages. Mimalloc pages are contained in segments.
When a thread exits, it abandons any segments and contained pages that
have live allocations. These segments and pages may be later reclaimed
by another thread. To support GC and certain thread-safety guarantees in
free-threaded builds, we want pages to only be reclaimed by the
corresponding heap in the claimant thread. For example, we want pages
containing GC objects to only be claimed by GC heaps.
This allows heaps and pages to be tagged with an integer tag that is
used to ensure that abandoned pages are only claimed by heaps with the
same tag. Heaps can be initialized with a tag (0-15); any page allocated
by that heap copies the corresponding tag.
* Fix conversion warning
* gh-112532: Isolate abandoned segments by interpreter
Mimalloc segments are data structures that contain memory allocations along
with metadata. Each segment is "owned" by a thread. When a thread exits,
it abandons its segments to a global pool to be later reclaimed by other
threads. This changes the pool to be per-interpreter instead of process-wide.
This will be important for when we use mimalloc to find GC objects in the
`--disable-gil` builds. We want heaps to only store Python objects from a
single interpreter. Absent this change, the abandoning and reclaiming process
could break this isolation.
* Add missing '&_mi_abandoned_default' to 'tld_empty'
* gh-112532: Use separate mimalloc heaps for GC objects
In `--disable-gil` builds, we now use four separate heaps in
anticipation of using mimalloc to find GC objects when the GIL is
disabled. To support this, we also make a few changes to mimalloc:
* `mi_heap_t` and `mi_tld_t` initialization is split from allocation.
This allows us to have a `mi_tld_t` per-`PyThreadState`, which is
important to keep interpreter isolation, since the same OS thread may
run in multiple interpreters (using different PyThreadStates.)
* Heap abandoning (mi_heap_collect_ex) can now be called from a
different thread than the one that created the heap. This is necessary
because we may clear and delete the containing PyThreadStates from a
different thread during finalization and after fork().
* Use enum instead of defines and guard mimalloc includes.
* The enum typedef will be convenient for future PRs that use the type.
* Guarding the mimalloc includes allows us to unconditionally include
pycore_mimalloc.h from other header files that rely on things like
`struct _mimalloc_thread_state`.
* Only define _mimalloc_thread_state in Py_GIL_DISABLED builds
We need the TracebackException of uncaught exceptions for a single purpose: the error display. Thus we only need to pass the formatted error display between interpreters. Passing a pickled TracebackException is overkill.
The `PyThreadState_Clear()` function must only be called with the GIL
held and must be called from the same interpreter as the passed in
thread state. Otherwise, any Python objects on the thread state may be
destroyed using the wrong interpreter, leading to memory corruption.
This is also important for `Py_GIL_DISABLED` builds because free lists
will be associated with PyThreadStates and cleared in
`PyThreadState_Clear()`.
This fixes two places that called `PyThreadState_Clear()` from the wrong
interpreter and adds an assertion to `PyThreadState_Clear()`.
When an exception is uncaught in Interpreter.exec_sync(), it helps to show that exception's error display if uncaught in the calling interpreter. We do so here by generating a TracebackException in the subinterpreter and passing it between interpreters using pickle.
Donghee Na
Sam Gross
He Weidong
Eugene Toder
Dino Viehland
mpage
Brandt Bucher
Neil Schemenauer
Michael Droettboom
Mark Shannon
Serhiy Storchaka
Joseph Pearson
Ken Jin
Nikita Sobolev
Pablo Galindo Salgado
Yilei Yang
Christopher Chavez
Eric Snow