From f474391b26aa9208b44ca879f8635409d322f738 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Irit Katriel <1055913+iritkatriel@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 4 Oct 2024 17:37:38 +0100
Subject: [PATCH] gh-124871: fix 'visited' tracking in compiler's reachability
 analysis (#124952)

---
 Lib/test/test_compile.py                            | 13 +++++++++++++
 .../2024-10-03-22-26-39.gh-issue-124871.tAMF47.rst  |  2 ++
 Python/flowgraph.c                                  |  5 +++--
 3 files changed, 18 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-10-03-22-26-39.gh-issue-124871.tAMF47.rst

diff --git a/Lib/test/test_compile.py b/Lib/test/test_compile.py
index e9ee72cf234..e6dc7a53189 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_compile.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_compile.py
@@ -479,6 +479,19 @@ class TestSpecifics(unittest.TestCase):
                     x = 2
                """), '<eval>', 'exec')
 
+    def test_try_except_in_while_with_chained_condition_compiles(self):
+        # see gh-124871
+        compile(textwrap.dedent("""
+            name_1, name_2, name_3 = 1, 2, 3
+            while name_3 <= name_2 > name_1:
+                try:
+                    raise
+                except:
+                    pass
+                finally:
+                    pass
+            """), '<eval>', 'exec')
+
     def test_compile_invalid_namedexpr(self):
         # gh-109351
         m = ast.Module(
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-10-03-22-26-39.gh-issue-124871.tAMF47.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-10-03-22-26-39.gh-issue-124871.tAMF47.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..185cb3048fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-10-03-22-26-39.gh-issue-124871.tAMF47.rst	
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Fix compiler bug (in some versions of 3.13) where an assertion fails during reachability
+analysis.
diff --git a/Python/flowgraph.c b/Python/flowgraph.c
index 69d7e0a872a..388862912d6 100644
--- a/Python/flowgraph.c
+++ b/Python/flowgraph.c
@@ -1001,13 +1001,14 @@ remove_unreachable(basicblock *entryblock) {
     basicblock **sp = stack;
     entryblock->b_predecessors = 1;
     *sp++ = entryblock;
+    entryblock->b_visited = 1;
     while (sp > stack) {
         basicblock *b = *(--sp);
-        b->b_visited = 1;
         if (b->b_next && BB_HAS_FALLTHROUGH(b)) {
             if (!b->b_next->b_visited) {
                 assert(b->b_next->b_predecessors == 0);
                 *sp++ = b->b_next;
+                b->b_next->b_visited = 1;
             }
             b->b_next->b_predecessors++;
         }
@@ -1017,8 +1018,8 @@ remove_unreachable(basicblock *entryblock) {
             if (is_jump(instr) || is_block_push(instr)) {
                 target = instr->i_target;
                 if (!target->b_visited) {
-                    assert(target->b_predecessors == 0 || target == b->b_next);
                     *sp++ = target;
+                    target->b_visited = 1;
                 }
                 target->b_predecessors++;
             }