Issue #16455: On FreeBSD and Solaris, if the locale is C, the

ASCII/surrogateescape codec is now used, instead of the locale encoding, to
decode the command line arguments. This change fixes inconsistencies with
os.fsencode() and os.fsdecode() because these operating systems announces an
ASCII locale encoding, whereas the ISO-8859-1 encoding is used in practice.

Include/unicodeobject.h

@@ -1742,7 +1742,7 @@ PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject*) PyUnicode_DecodeLocale(
 /* Encode a Unicode object to the current locale encoding. The encoder is
    strict is *surrogateescape* is equal to zero, otherwise the
    "surrogateescape" error handler is used. Return a bytes object. The string
-   cannot contain embedded null characters.. */
+   cannot contain embedded null characters. */
 
 PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject*) PyUnicode_EncodeLocale(
     PyObject *unicode,

Lib/test/test_cmd_line_script.py

@@ -367,11 +367,10 @@ class CmdLineTest(unittest.TestCase):
         # Mac OS X denies the creation of a file with an invalid UTF-8 name.
         # Windows allows to create a name with an arbitrary bytes name, but
         # Python cannot a undecodable bytes argument to a subprocess.
-        #if (support.TESTFN_UNDECODABLE
+        if (support.TESTFN_UNDECODABLE
-        #and sys.platform not in ('win32', 'darwin')):
+        and sys.platform not in ('win32', 'darwin')):
-        #    name = os.fsdecode(support.TESTFN_UNDECODABLE)
+            name = os.fsdecode(support.TESTFN_UNDECODABLE)
-        #elif support.TESTFN_NONASCII:
+        elif support.TESTFN_NONASCII:
-        if support.TESTFN_NONASCII:
             name = support.TESTFN_NONASCII
         else:
             self.skipTest("need support.TESTFN_NONASCII")

Misc/NEWS

@@ -10,6 +10,12 @@ What's New in Python 3.4.0 Alpha 1?
 Core and Builtins
 -----------------
 
+- Issue #16455: On FreeBSD and Solaris, if the locale is C, the
+  ASCII/surrogateescape codec is now used, instead of the locale encoding, to
+  decode the command line arguments. This change fixes inconsistencies with
+  os.fsencode() and os.fsdecode() because these operating systems announces an
+  ASCII locale encoding, whereas the ISO-8859-1 encoding is used in practice.
+
 - Issue #16562: Optimize dict equality testing.  Patch by Serhiy Storchaka.
 
 - Issue #16588: Silence unused-but-set warnings in Python/thread_pthread

Objects/unicodeobject.c

@@ -2863,8 +2863,8 @@ PyUnicode_FromEncodedObject(register PyObject *obj,
 /* Convert encoding to lower case and replace '_' with '-' in order to
    catch e.g. UTF_8. Return 0 on error (encoding is longer than lower_len-1),
    1 on success. */
-static int
+int
-normalize_encoding(const char *encoding,
+_Py_normalize_encoding(const char *encoding,
                        char *lower,
                        size_t lower_len)
 {
@@ -2908,7 +2908,7 @@ PyUnicode_Decode(const char *s,
     char lower[11];  /* Enough for any encoding shortcut */
 
     /* Shortcuts for common default encodings */
-    if (normalize_encoding(encoding, lower, sizeof(lower))) {
+    if (_Py_normalize_encoding(encoding, lower, sizeof(lower))) {
         if ((strcmp(lower, "utf-8") == 0) ||
             (strcmp(lower, "utf8") == 0))
             return PyUnicode_DecodeUTF8Stateful(s, size, errors, NULL);
@@ -3110,7 +3110,8 @@ locale_error_handler(const char *errors, int *surrogateescape)
         *surrogateescape = 0;
         return 0;
     }
-    if (strcmp(errors, "surrogateescape") == 0) {
+    if (errors == "surrogateescape"
+        || strcmp(errors, "surrogateescape") == 0) {
         *surrogateescape = 1;
         return 0;
     }
@@ -3148,7 +3149,7 @@ PyUnicode_EncodeLocale(PyObject *unicode, const char *errors)
     }
 
     if (surrogateescape) {
-        /* locale encoding with surrogateescape */
+        /* "surrogateescape" error handler */
         char *str;
 
         str = _Py_wchar2char(wstr, &error_pos);
@@ -3168,6 +3169,7 @@ PyUnicode_EncodeLocale(PyObject *unicode, const char *errors)
         PyMem_Free(str);
     }
     else {
+        /* strict mode */
         size_t len, len2;
 
         len = wcstombs(NULL, wstr, 0);
@@ -3273,7 +3275,7 @@ PyUnicode_AsEncodedString(PyObject *unicode,
     }
 
     /* Shortcuts for common default encodings */
-    if (normalize_encoding(encoding, lower, sizeof(lower))) {
+    if (_Py_normalize_encoding(encoding, lower, sizeof(lower))) {
         if ((strcmp(lower, "utf-8") == 0) ||
             (strcmp(lower, "utf8") == 0))
         {
@@ -3413,8 +3415,8 @@ PyUnicode_DecodeLocaleAndSize(const char *str, Py_ssize_t len,
         return NULL;
     }
 
-    if (surrogateescape)
+    if (surrogateescape) {
-    {
+        /* "surrogateescape" error handler */
         wstr = _Py_char2wchar(str, &wlen);
         if (wstr == NULL) {
             if (wlen == (size_t)-1)
@@ -3428,6 +3430,7 @@ PyUnicode_DecodeLocaleAndSize(const char *str, Py_ssize_t len,
         PyMem_Free(wstr);
     }
     else {
+        /* strict mode */
 #ifndef HAVE_BROKEN_MBSTOWCS
         wlen = mbstowcs(NULL, str, 0);
 #else
@@ -3447,7 +3450,6 @@ PyUnicode_DecodeLocaleAndSize(const char *str, Py_ssize_t len,
                 return PyErr_NoMemory();
         }
 
-        /* This shouldn't fail now */
         wlen2 = mbstowcs(wstr, str, wlen+1);
         if (wlen2 == (size_t)-1) {
             if (wstr != smallbuf)

Python/fileutils.c

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 #endif
 
 #ifdef HAVE_LANGINFO_H
+#include <locale.h>
 #include <langinfo.h>
 #endif
 
@@ -42,7 +43,182 @@ _Py_device_encoding(int fd)
     Py_RETURN_NONE;
 }
 
-#ifdef HAVE_STAT
+#if !defined(__APPLE__) && !defined(MS_WINDOWS)
+extern int _Py_normalize_encoding(const char *, char *, size_t);
+
+/* Workaround FreeBSD and OpenIndiana locale encoding issue with the C locale.
+   On these operating systems, nl_langinfo(CODESET) announces an alias of the
+   ASCII encoding, whereas mbstowcs() and wcstombs() functions use the
+   ISO-8859-1 encoding. The problem is that os.fsencode() and os.fsdecode() use
+   locale.getpreferredencoding() codec. For example, if command line arguments
+   are decoded by mbstowcs() and encoded back by os.fsencode(), we get a
+   UnicodeEncodeError instead of retrieving the original byte string.
+
+   The workaround is enabled if setlocale(LC_CTYPE, NULL) returns "C",
+   nl_langinfo(CODESET) announces "ascii" (or an alias to ASCII), and at least
+   one byte in range 0x80-0xff can be decoded from the locale encoding. The
+   workaround is also enabled on error, for example if getting the locale
+   failed.
+
+   Values of locale_is_ascii:
+
+       1: the workaround is used: _Py_wchar2char() uses
+          encode_ascii_surrogateescape() and _Py_char2wchar() uses
+          decode_ascii_surrogateescape()
+       0: the workaround is not used: _Py_wchar2char() uses wcstombs() and
+          _Py_char2wchar() uses mbstowcs()
+      -1: unknown, need to call check_force_ascii() to get the value
+*/
+static int force_ascii = -1;
+
+static int
+check_force_ascii(void)
+{
+    char *loc;
+#if defined(HAVE_LANGINFO_H) && defined(CODESET)
+    char *codeset, **alias;
+    char encoding[100];
+    int is_ascii;
+    unsigned int i;
+    char* ascii_aliases[] = {
+        "ascii",
+        "646",
+        "ansi-x3.4-1968",
+        "ansi-x3-4-1968",
+        "ansi-x3.4-1986",
+        "cp367",
+        "csascii",
+        "ibm367",
+        "iso646-us",
+        "iso-646.irv-1991",
+        "iso-ir-6",
+        "us",
+        "us-ascii",
+        NULL
+    };
+#endif
+
+    loc = setlocale(LC_CTYPE, NULL);
+    if (loc == NULL)
+        goto error;
+    if (strcmp(loc, "C") != 0) {
+        /* the LC_CTYPE locale is different than C */
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+#if defined(HAVE_LANGINFO_H) && defined(CODESET)
+    codeset = nl_langinfo(CODESET);
+    if (!codeset || codeset[0] == '\0') {
+        /* CODESET is not set or empty */
+        goto error;
+    }
+    if (!_Py_normalize_encoding(codeset, encoding, sizeof(encoding)))
+        goto error;
+
+    is_ascii = 0;
+    for (alias=ascii_aliases; *alias != NULL; alias++) {
+        if (strcmp(encoding, *alias) == 0) {
+            is_ascii = 1;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    if (!is_ascii) {
+        /* nl_langinfo(CODESET) is not "ascii" or an alias of ASCII */
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    for (i=0x80; i<0xff; i++) {
+        unsigned char ch;
+        wchar_t wch;
+        size_t res;
+
+        ch = (unsigned char)i;
+        res = mbstowcs(&wch, (char*)&ch, 1);
+        if (res != (size_t)-1) {
+            /* decoding a non-ASCII character from the locale encoding succeed:
+               the locale encoding is not ASCII, force ASCII */
+            return 1;
+        }
+    }
+    /* None of the bytes in the range 0x80-0xff can be decoded from the locale
+       encoding: the locale encoding is really ASCII */
+    return 0;
+#else
+    /* nl_langinfo(CODESET) is not available: always force ASCII */
+    return 1;
+#endif
+
+error:
+    /* if an error occured, force the ASCII encoding */
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static char*
+encode_ascii_surrogateescape(const wchar_t *text, size_t *error_pos)
+{
+    char *result = NULL, *out;
+    size_t len, i;
+    wchar_t ch;
+
+    if (error_pos != NULL)
+        *error_pos = (size_t)-1;
+
+    len = wcslen(text);
+
+    result = PyMem_Malloc(len + 1);  /* +1 for NUL byte */
+    if (result == NULL)
+        return NULL;
+
+    out = result;
+    for (i=0; i<len; i++) {
+        ch = text[i];
+
+        if (ch <= 0x7f) {
+            /* ASCII character */
+            *out++ = (char)ch;
+        }
+        else if (0xdc80 <= ch && ch <= 0xdcff) {
+            /* UTF-8b surrogate */
+            *out++ = (char)(ch - 0xdc00);
+        }
+        else {
+            if (error_pos != NULL)
+                *error_pos = i;
+            PyMem_Free(result);
+            return NULL;
+        }
+    }
+    *out = '\0';
+    return result;
+}
+#endif   /* !defined(__APPLE__) && !defined(MS_WINDOWS) */
+
+#if !defined(__APPLE__) && (!defined(MS_WINDOWS) || !defined(HAVE_MBRTOWC))
+static wchar_t*
+decode_ascii_surrogateescape(const char *arg, size_t *size)
+{
+    wchar_t *res;
+    unsigned char *in;
+    wchar_t *out;
+
+    res = PyMem_Malloc((strlen(arg)+1)*sizeof(wchar_t));
+    if (!res)
+        return NULL;
+
+    in = (unsigned char*)arg;
+    out = res;
+    while(*in)
+        if(*in < 128)
+            *out++ = *in++;
+        else
+            *out++ = 0xdc00 + *in++;
+    *out = 0;
+    if (size != NULL)
+        *size = out - res;
+    return res;
+}
+#endif
+
 
 /* Decode a byte string from the locale encoding with the
    surrogateescape error handler (undecodable bytes are decoded as characters
@@ -76,21 +252,36 @@ _Py_char2wchar(const char* arg, size_t *size)
     return wstr;
 #else
     wchar_t *res;
-#ifdef HAVE_BROKEN_MBSTOWCS
+    size_t argsize;
-    /* Some platforms have a broken implementation of
-     * mbstowcs which does not count the characters that
-     * would result from conversion.  Use an upper bound.
-     */
-    size_t argsize = strlen(arg);
-#else
-    size_t argsize = mbstowcs(NULL, arg, 0);
-#endif
     size_t count;
     unsigned char *in;
     wchar_t *out;
 #ifdef HAVE_MBRTOWC
     mbstate_t mbs;
 #endif
+
+#ifndef MS_WINDOWS
+    if (force_ascii == -1)
+        force_ascii = check_force_ascii();
+
+    if (force_ascii) {
+        /* force ASCII encoding to workaround mbstowcs() issue */
+        res = decode_ascii_surrogateescape(arg, size);
+        if (res == NULL)
+            goto oom;
+        return res;
+    }
+#endif
+
+#ifdef HAVE_BROKEN_MBSTOWCS
+    /* Some platforms have a broken implementation of
+     * mbstowcs which does not count the characters that
+     * would result from conversion.  Use an upper bound.
+     */
+    argsize = strlen(arg);
+#else
+    argsize = mbstowcs(NULL, arg, 0);
+#endif
     if (argsize != (size_t)-1) {
         res = (wchar_t *)PyMem_Malloc((argsize+1)*sizeof(wchar_t));
         if (!res)
@@ -160,24 +351,16 @@ _Py_char2wchar(const char* arg, size_t *size)
         argsize -= converted;
         out++;
     }
+    if (size != NULL)
+        *size = out - res;
 #else   /* HAVE_MBRTOWC */
     /* Cannot use C locale for escaping; manually escape as if charset
        is ASCII (i.e. escape all bytes > 128. This will still roundtrip
        correctly in the locale's charset, which must be an ASCII superset. */
-    res = PyMem_Malloc((strlen(arg)+1)*sizeof(wchar_t));
+    res = decode_ascii_surrogateescape(arg, size);
-    if (!res)
+    if (res == NULL)
         goto oom;
-    in = (unsigned char*)arg;
-    out = res;
-    while(*in)
-        if(*in < 128)
-            *out++ = *in++;
-        else
-            *out++ = 0xdc00 + *in++;
-    *out = 0;
 #endif   /* HAVE_MBRTOWC */
-    if (size != NULL)
-        *size = out - res;
     return res;
 oom:
     if (size != NULL)
@@ -236,6 +419,14 @@ _Py_wchar2char(const wchar_t *text, size_t *error_pos)
     size_t i, size, converted;
     wchar_t c, buf[2];
 
+#ifndef MS_WINDOWS
+    if (force_ascii == -1)
+        force_ascii = check_force_ascii();
+
+    if (force_ascii)
+        return encode_ascii_surrogateescape(text, error_pos);
+#endif
+
     /* The function works in two steps:
        1. compute the length of the output buffer in bytes (size)
        2. outputs the bytes */
@@ -276,7 +467,7 @@ _Py_wchar2char(const wchar_t *text, size_t *error_pos)
             }
         }
         if (result != NULL) {
-            *bytes = 0;
+            *bytes = '\0';
             break;
         }
 
@@ -320,6 +511,8 @@ _Py_wstat(const wchar_t* path, struct stat *buf)
 }
 #endif
 
+#ifdef HAVE_STAT
+
 /* Call _wstat() on Windows, or encode the path to the filesystem encoding and
    call stat() otherwise. Only fill st_mode attribute on Windows.
 
@@ -352,6 +545,8 @@ _Py_stat(PyObject *path, struct stat *statbuf)
 #endif
 }
 
+#endif
+
 /* Open a file. Use _wfopen() on Windows, encode the path to the locale
    encoding and use fopen() otherwise. */
 
@@ -533,4 +728,3 @@ _Py_wgetcwd(wchar_t *buf, size_t size)
 #endif
 }
 
-#endif