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\subsection{Example \label{pickle-example}}
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\subsection{Example \label{pickle-example}}
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Here's a simple example of how to modify pickling behavior for a
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For the simplest code, use the \function{dump()} and \function{load()}
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functions. Note that a self-referencing list is pickled and restored
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correctly.
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\begin{verbatim}
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import pickle
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data1 = {'a': [1, 2.0, 3, 4+6j],
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'b': ('string', u'Unicode string'),
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'c': None}
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selfref_list = [1, 2, 3]
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selfref_list.append(selfref_list)
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output = open('data.pkl', 'wb')
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# Pickle dictionary using protocol 0.
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pickle.dump(data1, output)
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# Pickle the list using the highest protocol available.
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pickle.dump(selfref_list, output, -1)
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output.close()
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\end{verbatim}
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The following example reads the resulting pickled data. When reading
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a pickle-containing file, you should open the file in binary mode
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because you can't be sure if the ASCII or binary format was used.
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\begin{verbatim}
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import pprint, pickle
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pkl_file = open('data.pkl', 'rb')
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data1 = pickle.load(pkl_file)
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pprint.pprint(data1)
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data2 = pickle.load(pkl_file)
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pprint.pprint(data2)
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pkl_file.close()
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\end{verbatim}
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Here's a larger example that shows how to modify pickling behavior for a
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class. The \class{TextReader} class opens a text file, and returns
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class. The \class{TextReader} class opens a text file, and returns
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the line number and line contents each time its \method{readline()}
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the line number and line contents each time its \method{readline()}
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method is called. If a \class{TextReader} instance is pickled, all
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method is called. If a \class{TextReader} instance is pickled, all
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