gh-120161: Fix a Crash in the _datetime Module (gh-120182)

In gh-120009 I used an atexit hook to finalize the _datetime module's static types at interpreter shutdown.  However, atexit hooks are executed very early in finalization, which is a problem in the few cases where a subclass of one of those static types is still alive until the final GC collection.  The static builtin types don't have this probably because they are finalized toward the end, after the final GC collection.  To avoid the problem for _datetime, I have applied a similar approach here.

Also, credit goes to @mgorny and @neonene for the new tests.

FYI, I would have liked to take a slightly cleaner approach with managed static types, but wanted to get a smaller fix in first for the sake of backporting.  I'll circle back to the cleaner approach with a future change on the main branch.

Include/internal/pycore_typeobject.h

@@ -17,11 +17,25 @@ extern "C" {
 #define _Py_TYPE_BASE_VERSION_TAG (2<<16)
 #define _Py_MAX_GLOBAL_TYPE_VERSION_TAG (_Py_TYPE_BASE_VERSION_TAG - 1)
 
+/* For now we hard-code this to a value for which we are confident
+   all the static builtin types will fit (for all builds). */
+#define _Py_MAX_MANAGED_STATIC_BUILTIN_TYPES 200
+#define _Py_MAX_MANAGED_STATIC_EXT_TYPES 10
+#define _Py_MAX_MANAGED_STATIC_TYPES \
+    (_Py_MAX_MANAGED_STATIC_BUILTIN_TYPES + _Py_MAX_MANAGED_STATIC_EXT_TYPES)
+
 struct _types_runtime_state {
     /* Used to set PyTypeObject.tp_version_tag for core static types. */
     // bpo-42745: next_version_tag remains shared by all interpreters
     // because of static types.
     unsigned int next_version_tag;
+
+    struct {
+        struct {
+            PyTypeObject *type;
+            int64_t interp_count;
+        } types[_Py_MAX_MANAGED_STATIC_TYPES];
+    } managed_static;
 };
 
 
@@ -42,11 +56,6 @@ struct type_cache {
     struct type_cache_entry hashtable[1 << MCACHE_SIZE_EXP];
 };
 
-/* For now we hard-code this to a value for which we are confident
-   all the static builtin types will fit (for all builds). */
-#define _Py_MAX_MANAGED_STATIC_BUILTIN_TYPES 200
-#define _Py_MAX_MANAGED_STATIC_EXT_TYPES 10
-
 typedef struct {
     PyTypeObject *type;
     int isbuiltin;
@@ -133,6 +142,7 @@ struct types_state {
 
 extern PyStatus _PyTypes_InitTypes(PyInterpreterState *);
 extern void _PyTypes_FiniTypes(PyInterpreterState *);
+extern void _PyTypes_FiniExtTypes(PyInterpreterState *interp);
 extern void _PyTypes_Fini(PyInterpreterState *);
 extern void _PyTypes_AfterFork(void);
 
@@ -171,10 +181,6 @@ extern managed_static_type_state * _PyStaticType_GetState(
 PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyStaticType_InitForExtension(
     PyInterpreterState *interp,
      PyTypeObject *self);
-PyAPI_FUNC(void) _PyStaticType_FiniForExtension(
-    PyInterpreterState *interp,
-     PyTypeObject *self,
-     int final);
 
 
 /* Like PyType_GetModuleState, but skips verification

Lib/test/datetimetester.py

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ from operator import lt, le, gt, ge, eq, ne, truediv, floordiv, mod
 
 from test import support
 from test.support import is_resource_enabled, ALWAYS_EQ, LARGEST, SMALLEST
-from test.support import warnings_helper
+from test.support import script_helper, warnings_helper
 
 import datetime as datetime_module
 from datetime import MINYEAR, MAXYEAR
@@ -6822,6 +6822,48 @@ class CapiTest(unittest.TestCase):
                     self.assertEqual(ret, 0)
 
 
+class ExtensionModuleTests(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        if self.__class__.__name__.endswith('Pure'):
+            self.skipTest('Not relevant in pure Python')
+
+    @support.cpython_only
+    def test_gh_120161(self):
+        with self.subTest('simple'):
+            script = textwrap.dedent("""
+                import datetime
+                from _ast import Tuple
+                f = lambda: None
+                Tuple.dims = property(f, f)
+
+                class tzutc(datetime.tzinfo):
+                    pass
+                """)
+            script_helper.assert_python_ok('-c', script)
+
+        with self.subTest('complex'):
+            script = textwrap.dedent("""
+                import asyncio
+                import datetime
+                from typing import Type
+
+                class tzutc(datetime.tzinfo):
+                    pass
+                _EPOCHTZ = datetime.datetime(1970, 1, 1, tzinfo=tzutc())
+
+                class FakeDateMeta(type):
+                    def __instancecheck__(self, obj):
+                        return True
+                class FakeDate(datetime.date, metaclass=FakeDateMeta):
+                    pass
+                def pickle_fake_date(datetime_) -> Type[FakeDate]:
+                    # A pickle function for FakeDate
+                    return FakeDate
+                """)
+            script_helper.assert_python_ok('-c', script)
+
+
 def load_tests(loader, standard_tests, pattern):
     standard_tests.addTest(ZoneInfoCompleteTest())
     return standard_tests

Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-06-06-17-24-43.gh-issue-120161.DahNXV.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+:mod:`datetime` no longer crashes in certain complex reference cycle
+situations.

Modules/_datetimemodule.c

@@ -7129,37 +7129,6 @@ clear_state(datetime_state *st)
 }
 
 
-/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
- * Global module state.
- */
-
-// If we make _PyStaticType_*ForExtension() public
-// then all this should be managed by the runtime.
-
-static struct {
-    PyMutex mutex;
-    int64_t interp_count;
-} _globals = {0};
-
-static void
-callback_for_interp_exit(void *Py_UNUSED(data))
-{
-    PyInterpreterState *interp = PyInterpreterState_Get();
-
-    assert(_globals.interp_count > 0);
-    PyMutex_Lock(&_globals.mutex);
-    _globals.interp_count -= 1;
-    int final = !_globals.interp_count;
-    PyMutex_Unlock(&_globals.mutex);
-
-    /* They must be done in reverse order so subclasses are finalized
-     * before base classes. */
-    for (size_t i = Py_ARRAY_LENGTH(capi_types); i > 0; i--) {
-        PyTypeObject *type = capi_types[i-1];
-        _PyStaticType_FiniForExtension(interp, type, final);
-    }
-}
-
 static int
 init_static_types(PyInterpreterState *interp, int reloading)
 {
@@ -7182,19 +7151,6 @@ init_static_types(PyInterpreterState *interp, int reloading)
         }
     }
 
-    PyMutex_Lock(&_globals.mutex);
-    assert(_globals.interp_count >= 0);
-    _globals.interp_count += 1;
-    PyMutex_Unlock(&_globals.mutex);
-
-    /* It could make sense to add a separate callback
-     * for each of the types.  However, for now we can take the simpler
-     * approach of a single callback. */
-    if (PyUnstable_AtExit(interp, callback_for_interp_exit, NULL) < 0) {
-        callback_for_interp_exit(NULL);
-        return -1;
-    }
-
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -7379,8 +7335,8 @@ module_clear(PyObject *mod)
     PyInterpreterState *interp = PyInterpreterState_Get();
     clear_current_module(interp, mod);
 
-    // We take care of the static types via an interpreter atexit hook.
-    // See callback_for_interp_exit() above.
+    // The runtime takes care of the static types for us.
+    // See _PyTypes_FiniExtTypes()..
 
     return 0;
 }

Objects/typeobject.c

@@ -159,18 +159,28 @@ managed_static_type_index_clear(PyTypeObject *self)
     self->tp_subclasses = NULL;
 }
 
-static inline managed_static_type_state *
-static_builtin_state_get(PyInterpreterState *interp, PyTypeObject *self)
+static PyTypeObject *
+static_ext_type_lookup(PyInterpreterState *interp, size_t index,
+                       int64_t *p_interp_count)
 {
-    return &(interp->types.builtins.initialized[
-                        managed_static_type_index_get(self)]);
-}
+    assert(interp->runtime == &_PyRuntime);
+    assert(index < _Py_MAX_MANAGED_STATIC_EXT_TYPES);
 
-static inline managed_static_type_state *
-static_ext_type_state_get(PyInterpreterState *interp, PyTypeObject *self)
-{
-    return &(interp->types.for_extensions.initialized[
-                        managed_static_type_index_get(self)]);
+    size_t full_index = index + _Py_MAX_MANAGED_STATIC_BUILTIN_TYPES;
+    int64_t interp_count =
+            _PyRuntime.types.managed_static.types[full_index].interp_count;
+    assert((interp_count == 0) ==
+            (_PyRuntime.types.managed_static.types[full_index].type == NULL));
+    *p_interp_count = interp_count;
+
+    PyTypeObject *type = interp->types.for_extensions.initialized[index].type;
+    if (type == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    assert(!interp->types.for_extensions.initialized[index].isbuiltin);
+    assert(type == _PyRuntime.types.managed_static.types[full_index].type);
+    assert(managed_static_type_index_is_set(type));
+    return type;
 }
 
 static managed_static_type_state *
@@ -202,6 +212,8 @@ static void
 managed_static_type_state_init(PyInterpreterState *interp, PyTypeObject *self,
                                int isbuiltin, int initial)
 {
+    assert(interp->runtime == &_PyRuntime);
+
     size_t index;
     if (initial) {
         assert(!managed_static_type_index_is_set(self));
@@ -228,6 +240,21 @@ managed_static_type_state_init(PyInterpreterState *interp, PyTypeObject *self,
             assert(index < _Py_MAX_MANAGED_STATIC_EXT_TYPES);
         }
     }
+    size_t full_index = isbuiltin
+        ? index
+        : index + _Py_MAX_MANAGED_STATIC_BUILTIN_TYPES;
+
+    assert((initial == 1) ==
+            (_PyRuntime.types.managed_static.types[full_index].interp_count == 0));
+    _PyRuntime.types.managed_static.types[full_index].interp_count += 1;
+
+    if (initial) {
+        assert(_PyRuntime.types.managed_static.types[full_index].type == NULL);
+        _PyRuntime.types.managed_static.types[full_index].type = self;
+    }
+    else {
+        assert(_PyRuntime.types.managed_static.types[full_index].type == self);
+    }
 
     managed_static_type_state *state = isbuiltin
         ? &(interp->types.builtins.initialized[index])
@@ -256,15 +283,28 @@ static void
 managed_static_type_state_clear(PyInterpreterState *interp, PyTypeObject *self,
                                 int isbuiltin, int final)
 {
+    size_t index = managed_static_type_index_get(self);
+    size_t full_index = isbuiltin
+        ? index
+        : index + _Py_MAX_MANAGED_STATIC_BUILTIN_TYPES;
+
     managed_static_type_state *state = isbuiltin
-        ? static_builtin_state_get(interp, self)
-        : static_ext_type_state_get(interp, self);
+        ? &(interp->types.builtins.initialized[index])
+        : &(interp->types.for_extensions.initialized[index]);
+    assert(state != NULL);
+
+    assert(_PyRuntime.types.managed_static.types[full_index].interp_count > 0);
+    assert(_PyRuntime.types.managed_static.types[full_index].type == state->type);
 
     assert(state->type != NULL);
     state->type = NULL;
     assert(state->tp_weaklist == NULL);  // It was already cleared out.
 
+    _PyRuntime.types.managed_static.types[full_index].interp_count -= 1;
     if (final) {
+        assert(!_PyRuntime.types.managed_static.types[full_index].interp_count);
+        _PyRuntime.types.managed_static.types[full_index].type = NULL;
+
         managed_static_type_index_clear(self);
     }
 
@@ -840,8 +880,12 @@ _PyTypes_Fini(PyInterpreterState *interp)
     struct type_cache *cache = &interp->types.type_cache;
     type_cache_clear(cache, NULL);
 
+    // All the managed static types should have been finalized already.
+    assert(interp->types.for_extensions.num_initialized == 0);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < _Py_MAX_MANAGED_STATIC_EXT_TYPES; i++) {
+        assert(interp->types.for_extensions.initialized[i].type == NULL);
+    }
     assert(interp->types.builtins.num_initialized == 0);
-    // All the static builtin types should have been finalized already.
     for (size_t i = 0; i < _Py_MAX_MANAGED_STATIC_BUILTIN_TYPES; i++) {
         assert(interp->types.builtins.initialized[i].type == NULL);
     }
@@ -5834,10 +5878,21 @@ fini_static_type(PyInterpreterState *interp, PyTypeObject *type,
 }
 
 void
-_PyStaticType_FiniForExtension(PyInterpreterState *interp, PyTypeObject *type, int final)
+_PyTypes_FiniExtTypes(PyInterpreterState *interp)
 {
+    for (size_t i = _Py_MAX_MANAGED_STATIC_EXT_TYPES; i > 0; i--) {
+        if (interp->types.for_extensions.num_initialized == 0) {
+            break;
+        }
+        int64_t count = 0;
+        PyTypeObject *type = static_ext_type_lookup(interp, i-1, &count);
+        if (type == NULL) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        int final = (count == 1);
         fini_static_type(interp, type, 0, final);
     }
+}
 
 void
 _PyStaticType_FiniBuiltin(PyInterpreterState *interp, PyTypeObject *type)

Python/pylifecycle.c

@@ -1818,6 +1818,7 @@ flush_std_files(void)
 static void
 finalize_interp_types(PyInterpreterState *interp)
 {
+    _PyTypes_FiniExtTypes(interp);
     _PyUnicode_FiniTypes(interp);
     _PySys_FiniTypes(interp);
     _PyXI_FiniTypes(interp);