mirror of https://github.com/python/cpython
Docs: structure the ftplib reference (#114317)
Introduce the following headings and subheadings: - Reference * FTP objects * FTP_TLS objects * Module variables
This commit is contained in:
Erlend E. Aasland
GitHub
parent
e6495159f6
commit
b1ad5a5d44
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@ -45,7 +45,15 @@ Here's a sample session using the :mod:`ftplib` module::
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'221 Goodbye.'
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The module defines the following items:
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.. _ftplib-reference:
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Reference
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---------
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.. _ftp-objects:
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FTP objects
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^^^^^^^^^^^
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.. class:: FTP(host='', user='', passwd='', acct='', timeout=None, source_address=None, *, encoding='utf-8')
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@ -85,6 +93,261 @@ The module defines the following items:
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The *encoding* parameter was added, and the default was changed from
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Latin-1 to UTF-8 to follow :rfc:`2640`.
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Several :class:`!FTP` methods are available in two flavors:
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one for handling text files and another for binary files.
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The methods are named for the command which is used followed by
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``lines`` for the text version or ``binary`` for the binary version.
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:class:`FTP` instances have the following methods:
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.. method:: FTP.set_debuglevel(level)
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Set the instance's debugging level. This controls the amount of debugging
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output printed. The default, ``0``, produces no debugging output. A value of
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``1`` produces a moderate amount of debugging output, generally a single line
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per request. A value of ``2`` or higher produces the maximum amount of
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debugging output, logging each line sent and received on the control connection.
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.. method:: FTP.connect(host='', port=0, timeout=None, source_address=None)
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Connect to the given host and port. The default port number is ``21``, as
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specified by the FTP protocol specification. It is rarely needed to specify a
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different port number. This function should be called only once for each
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instance; it should not be called at all if a host was given when the instance
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was created. All other methods can only be used after a connection has been
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made.
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The optional *timeout* parameter specifies a timeout in seconds for the
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connection attempt. If no *timeout* is passed, the global default timeout
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setting will be used.
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*source_address* is a 2-tuple ``(host, port)`` for the socket to bind to as
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its source address before connecting.
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.. audit-event:: ftplib.connect self,host,port ftplib.FTP.connect
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.. versionchanged:: 3.3
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*source_address* parameter was added.
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.. method:: FTP.getwelcome()
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Return the welcome message sent by the server in reply to the initial
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connection. (This message sometimes contains disclaimers or help information
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that may be relevant to the user.)
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.. method:: FTP.login(user='anonymous', passwd='', acct='')
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Log in as the given *user*. The *passwd* and *acct* parameters are optional and
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default to the empty string. If no *user* is specified, it defaults to
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``'anonymous'``. If *user* is ``'anonymous'``, the default *passwd* is
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``'anonymous@'``. This function should be called only once for each instance,
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after a connection has been established; it should not be called at all if a
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host and user were given when the instance was created. Most FTP commands are
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only allowed after the client has logged in. The *acct* parameter supplies
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"accounting information"; few systems implement this.
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.. method:: FTP.abort()
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Abort a file transfer that is in progress. Using this does not always work, but
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it's worth a try.
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.. method:: FTP.sendcmd(cmd)
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Send a simple command string to the server and return the response string.
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.. audit-event:: ftplib.sendcmd self,cmd ftplib.FTP.sendcmd
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.. method:: FTP.voidcmd(cmd)
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Send a simple command string to the server and handle the response. Return
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nothing if a response code corresponding to success (codes in the range
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200--299) is received. Raise :exc:`error_reply` otherwise.
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.. audit-event:: ftplib.sendcmd self,cmd ftplib.FTP.voidcmd
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.. method:: FTP.retrbinary(cmd, callback, blocksize=8192, rest=None)
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Retrieve a file in binary transfer mode. *cmd* should be an appropriate
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``RETR`` command: ``'RETR filename'``. The *callback* function is called for
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each block of data received, with a single bytes argument giving the data
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block. The optional *blocksize* argument specifies the maximum chunk size to
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read on the low-level socket object created to do the actual transfer (which
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will also be the largest size of the data blocks passed to *callback*). A
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reasonable default is chosen. *rest* means the same thing as in the
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:meth:`transfercmd` method.
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.. method:: FTP.retrlines(cmd, callback=None)
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Retrieve a file or directory listing in the encoding specified by the
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*encoding* parameter at initialization.
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*cmd* should be an appropriate ``RETR`` command (see :meth:`retrbinary`) or
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a command such as ``LIST`` or ``NLST`` (usually just the string ``'LIST'``).
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``LIST`` retrieves a list of files and information about those files.
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``NLST`` retrieves a list of file names.
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The *callback* function is called for each line with a string argument
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containing the line with the trailing CRLF stripped. The default *callback*
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prints the line to ``sys.stdout``.
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.. method:: FTP.set_pasv(val)
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Enable "passive" mode if *val* is true, otherwise disable passive mode.
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Passive mode is on by default.
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.. method:: FTP.storbinary(cmd, fp, blocksize=8192, callback=None, rest=None)
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Store a file in binary transfer mode. *cmd* should be an appropriate
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``STOR`` command: ``"STOR filename"``. *fp* is a :term:`file object`
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(opened in binary mode) which is read until EOF using its :meth:`~io.IOBase.read`
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method in blocks of size *blocksize* to provide the data to be stored.
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The *blocksize* argument defaults to 8192. *callback* is an optional single
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parameter callable that is called on each block of data after it is sent.
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*rest* means the same thing as in the :meth:`transfercmd` method.
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.. versionchanged:: 3.2
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*rest* parameter added.
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.. method:: FTP.storlines(cmd, fp, callback=None)
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Store a file in line mode. *cmd* should be an appropriate
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``STOR`` command (see :meth:`storbinary`). Lines are read until EOF from the
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:term:`file object` *fp* (opened in binary mode) using its :meth:`~io.IOBase.readline`
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method to provide the data to be stored. *callback* is an optional single
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parameter callable that is called on each line after it is sent.
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.. method:: FTP.transfercmd(cmd, rest=None)
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Initiate a transfer over the data connection. If the transfer is active, send an
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``EPRT`` or ``PORT`` command and the transfer command specified by *cmd*, and
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accept the connection. If the server is passive, send an ``EPSV`` or ``PASV``
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command, connect to it, and start the transfer command. Either way, return the
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socket for the connection.
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If optional *rest* is given, a ``REST`` command is sent to the server, passing
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*rest* as an argument. *rest* is usually a byte offset into the requested file,
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telling the server to restart sending the file's bytes at the requested offset,
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skipping over the initial bytes. Note however that the :meth:`transfercmd`
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method converts *rest* to a string with the *encoding* parameter specified
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at initialization, but no check is performed on the string's contents. If the
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server does not recognize the ``REST`` command, an :exc:`error_reply` exception
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will be raised. If this happens, simply call :meth:`transfercmd` without a
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*rest* argument.
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.. method:: FTP.ntransfercmd(cmd, rest=None)
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Like :meth:`transfercmd`, but returns a tuple of the data connection and the
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expected size of the data. If the expected size could not be computed, ``None``
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will be returned as the expected size. *cmd* and *rest* means the same thing as
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in :meth:`transfercmd`.
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.. method:: FTP.mlsd(path="", facts=[])
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List a directory in a standardized format by using ``MLSD`` command
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(:rfc:`3659`). If *path* is omitted the current directory is assumed.
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*facts* is a list of strings representing the type of information desired
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(e.g. ``["type", "size", "perm"]``). Return a generator object yielding a
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tuple of two elements for every file found in path. First element is the
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file name, the second one is a dictionary containing facts about the file
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name. Content of this dictionary might be limited by the *facts* argument
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but server is not guaranteed to return all requested facts.
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.. versionadded:: 3.3
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.. method:: FTP.nlst(argument[, ...])
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Return a list of file names as returned by the ``NLST`` command. The
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optional *argument* is a directory to list (default is the current server
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directory). Multiple arguments can be used to pass non-standard options to
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the ``NLST`` command.
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.. note:: If your server supports the command, :meth:`mlsd` offers a better API.
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.. method:: FTP.dir(argument[, ...])
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Produce a directory listing as returned by the ``LIST`` command, printing it to
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standard output. The optional *argument* is a directory to list (default is the
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current server directory). Multiple arguments can be used to pass non-standard
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options to the ``LIST`` command. If the last argument is a function, it is used
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as a *callback* function as for :meth:`retrlines`; the default prints to
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``sys.stdout``. This method returns ``None``.
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.. note:: If your server supports the command, :meth:`mlsd` offers a better API.
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.. method:: FTP.rename(fromname, toname)
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Rename file *fromname* on the server to *toname*.
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.. method:: FTP.delete(filename)
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Remove the file named *filename* from the server. If successful, returns the
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text of the response, otherwise raises :exc:`error_perm` on permission errors or
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:exc:`error_reply` on other errors.
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.. method:: FTP.cwd(pathname)
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Set the current directory on the server.
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.. method:: FTP.mkd(pathname)
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Create a new directory on the server.
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.. method:: FTP.pwd()
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Return the pathname of the current directory on the server.
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.. method:: FTP.rmd(dirname)
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Remove the directory named *dirname* on the server.
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.. method:: FTP.size(filename)
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Request the size of the file named *filename* on the server. On success, the
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size of the file is returned as an integer, otherwise ``None`` is returned.
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Note that the ``SIZE`` command is not standardized, but is supported by many
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common server implementations.
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.. method:: FTP.quit()
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Send a ``QUIT`` command to the server and close the connection. This is the
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"polite" way to close a connection, but it may raise an exception if the server
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responds with an error to the ``QUIT`` command. This implies a call to the
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:meth:`close` method which renders the :class:`FTP` instance useless for
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subsequent calls (see below).
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.. method:: FTP.close()
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Close the connection unilaterally. This should not be applied to an already
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closed connection such as after a successful call to :meth:`~FTP.quit`.
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After this call the :class:`FTP` instance should not be used any more (after
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a call to :meth:`close` or :meth:`~FTP.quit` you cannot reopen the
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connection by issuing another :meth:`login` method).
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FTP_TLS objects
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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.. class:: FTP_TLS(host='', user='', passwd='', acct='', *, context=None,
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timeout=None, source_address=None, encoding='utf-8')
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@ -126,6 +389,42 @@ The module defines the following items:
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>>> ftps.nlst()
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['6jack', 'OpenBSD', 'antilink', 'blogbench', 'bsdcam', 'clockspeed', 'djbdns-jedi', 'docs', 'eaccelerator-jedi', 'favicon.ico', 'francotone', 'fugu', 'ignore', 'libpuzzle', 'metalog', 'minidentd', 'misc', 'mysql-udf-global-user-variables', 'php-jenkins-hash', 'php-skein-hash', 'php-webdav', 'phpaudit', 'phpbench', 'pincaster', 'ping', 'posto', 'pub', 'public', 'public_keys', 'pure-ftpd', 'qscan', 'qtc', 'sharedance', 'skycache', 'sound', 'tmp', 'ucarp']
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:class:`!FTP_TLS` class inherits from :class:`FTP`,
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defining these additional methods and attributes:
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.. attribute:: FTP_TLS.ssl_version
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The SSL version to use (defaults to :data:`ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23`).
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.. method:: FTP_TLS.auth()
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Set up a secure control connection by using TLS or SSL, depending on what
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is specified in the :attr:`ssl_version` attribute.
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.. versionchanged:: 3.4
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The method now supports hostname check with
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:attr:`ssl.SSLContext.check_hostname` and *Server Name Indication* (see
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:const:`ssl.HAS_SNI`).
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.. method:: FTP_TLS.ccc()
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Revert control channel back to plaintext. This can be useful to take
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advantage of firewalls that know how to handle NAT with non-secure FTP
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without opening fixed ports.
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.. versionadded:: 3.3
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.. method:: FTP_TLS.prot_p()
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Set up secure data connection.
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.. method:: FTP_TLS.prot_c()
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Set up clear text data connection.
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Module variables
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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.. exception:: error_reply
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@ -165,296 +464,3 @@ The module defines the following items:
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Parser for the :file:`.netrc` file format. The file :file:`.netrc` is
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typically used by FTP clients to load user authentication information
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before prompting the user.
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.. _ftp-objects:
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FTP Objects
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-----------
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Several methods are available in two flavors: one for handling text files and
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another for binary files. These are named for the command which is used
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followed by ``lines`` for the text version or ``binary`` for the binary version.
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:class:`FTP` instances have the following methods:
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.. method:: FTP.set_debuglevel(level)
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Set the instance's debugging level. This controls the amount of debugging
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output printed. The default, ``0``, produces no debugging output. A value of
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``1`` produces a moderate amount of debugging output, generally a single line
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per request. A value of ``2`` or higher produces the maximum amount of
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debugging output, logging each line sent and received on the control connection.
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.. method:: FTP.connect(host='', port=0, timeout=None, source_address=None)
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Connect to the given host and port. The default port number is ``21``, as
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specified by the FTP protocol specification. It is rarely needed to specify a
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different port number. This function should be called only once for each
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instance; it should not be called at all if a host was given when the instance
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was created. All other methods can only be used after a connection has been
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made.
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The optional *timeout* parameter specifies a timeout in seconds for the
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connection attempt. If no *timeout* is passed, the global default timeout
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setting will be used.
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*source_address* is a 2-tuple ``(host, port)`` for the socket to bind to as
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its source address before connecting.
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.. audit-event:: ftplib.connect self,host,port ftplib.FTP.connect
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.. versionchanged:: 3.3
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*source_address* parameter was added.
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.. method:: FTP.getwelcome()
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Return the welcome message sent by the server in reply to the initial
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connection. (This message sometimes contains disclaimers or help information
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that may be relevant to the user.)
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.. method:: FTP.login(user='anonymous', passwd='', acct='')
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Log in as the given *user*. The *passwd* and *acct* parameters are optional and
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default to the empty string. If no *user* is specified, it defaults to
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``'anonymous'``. If *user* is ``'anonymous'``, the default *passwd* is
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``'anonymous@'``. This function should be called only once for each instance,
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after a connection has been established; it should not be called at all if a
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host and user were given when the instance was created. Most FTP commands are
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only allowed after the client has logged in. The *acct* parameter supplies
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"accounting information"; few systems implement this.
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.. method:: FTP.abort()
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Abort a file transfer that is in progress. Using this does not always work, but
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it's worth a try.
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.. method:: FTP.sendcmd(cmd)
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Send a simple command string to the server and return the response string.
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.. audit-event:: ftplib.sendcmd self,cmd ftplib.FTP.sendcmd
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.. method:: FTP.voidcmd(cmd)
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Send a simple command string to the server and handle the response. Return
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nothing if a response code corresponding to success (codes in the range
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200--299) is received. Raise :exc:`error_reply` otherwise.
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.. audit-event:: ftplib.sendcmd self,cmd ftplib.FTP.voidcmd
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.. method:: FTP.retrbinary(cmd, callback, blocksize=8192, rest=None)
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Retrieve a file in binary transfer mode. *cmd* should be an appropriate
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``RETR`` command: ``'RETR filename'``. The *callback* function is called for
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each block of data received, with a single bytes argument giving the data
|
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block. The optional *blocksize* argument specifies the maximum chunk size to
|
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read on the low-level socket object created to do the actual transfer (which
|
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will also be the largest size of the data blocks passed to *callback*). A
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reasonable default is chosen. *rest* means the same thing as in the
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:meth:`transfercmd` method.
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.. method:: FTP.retrlines(cmd, callback=None)
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Retrieve a file or directory listing in the encoding specified by the
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*encoding* parameter at initialization.
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*cmd* should be an appropriate ``RETR`` command (see :meth:`retrbinary`) or
|
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a command such as ``LIST`` or ``NLST`` (usually just the string ``'LIST'``).
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``LIST`` retrieves a list of files and information about those files.
|
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``NLST`` retrieves a list of file names.
|
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The *callback* function is called for each line with a string argument
|
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containing the line with the trailing CRLF stripped. The default *callback*
|
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prints the line to ``sys.stdout``.
|
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.. method:: FTP.set_pasv(val)
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Enable "passive" mode if *val* is true, otherwise disable passive mode.
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Passive mode is on by default.
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.. method:: FTP.storbinary(cmd, fp, blocksize=8192, callback=None, rest=None)
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Store a file in binary transfer mode. *cmd* should be an appropriate
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``STOR`` command: ``"STOR filename"``. *fp* is a :term:`file object`
|
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(opened in binary mode) which is read until EOF using its :meth:`~io.IOBase.read`
|
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method in blocks of size *blocksize* to provide the data to be stored.
|
||||
The *blocksize* argument defaults to 8192. *callback* is an optional single
|
||||
parameter callable that is called on each block of data after it is sent.
|
||||
*rest* means the same thing as in the :meth:`transfercmd` method.
|
||||
|
||||
.. versionchanged:: 3.2
|
||||
*rest* parameter added.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
.. method:: FTP.storlines(cmd, fp, callback=None)
|
||||
|
||||
Store a file in line mode. *cmd* should be an appropriate
|
||||
``STOR`` command (see :meth:`storbinary`). Lines are read until EOF from the
|
||||
:term:`file object` *fp* (opened in binary mode) using its :meth:`~io.IOBase.readline`
|
||||
method to provide the data to be stored. *callback* is an optional single
|
||||
parameter callable that is called on each line after it is sent.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
.. method:: FTP.transfercmd(cmd, rest=None)
|
||||
|
||||
Initiate a transfer over the data connection. If the transfer is active, send an
|
||||
``EPRT`` or ``PORT`` command and the transfer command specified by *cmd*, and
|
||||
accept the connection. If the server is passive, send an ``EPSV`` or ``PASV``
|
||||
command, connect to it, and start the transfer command. Either way, return the
|
||||
socket for the connection.
|
||||
|
||||
If optional *rest* is given, a ``REST`` command is sent to the server, passing
|
||||
*rest* as an argument. *rest* is usually a byte offset into the requested file,
|
||||
telling the server to restart sending the file's bytes at the requested offset,
|
||||
skipping over the initial bytes. Note however that the :meth:`transfercmd`
|
||||
method converts *rest* to a string with the *encoding* parameter specified
|
||||
at initialization, but no check is performed on the string's contents. If the
|
||||
server does not recognize the ``REST`` command, an :exc:`error_reply` exception
|
||||
will be raised. If this happens, simply call :meth:`transfercmd` without a
|
||||
*rest* argument.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
.. method:: FTP.ntransfercmd(cmd, rest=None)
|
||||
|
||||
Like :meth:`transfercmd`, but returns a tuple of the data connection and the
|
||||
expected size of the data. If the expected size could not be computed, ``None``
|
||||
will be returned as the expected size. *cmd* and *rest* means the same thing as
|
||||
in :meth:`transfercmd`.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
.. method:: FTP.mlsd(path="", facts=[])
|
||||
|
||||
List a directory in a standardized format by using ``MLSD`` command
|
||||
(:rfc:`3659`). If *path* is omitted the current directory is assumed.
|
||||
*facts* is a list of strings representing the type of information desired
|
||||
(e.g. ``["type", "size", "perm"]``). Return a generator object yielding a
|
||||
tuple of two elements for every file found in path. First element is the
|
||||
file name, the second one is a dictionary containing facts about the file
|
||||
name. Content of this dictionary might be limited by the *facts* argument
|
||||
but server is not guaranteed to return all requested facts.
|
||||
|
||||
.. versionadded:: 3.3
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
.. method:: FTP.nlst(argument[, ...])
|
||||
|
||||
Return a list of file names as returned by the ``NLST`` command. The
|
||||
optional *argument* is a directory to list (default is the current server
|
||||
directory). Multiple arguments can be used to pass non-standard options to
|
||||
the ``NLST`` command.
|
||||
|
||||
.. note:: If your server supports the command, :meth:`mlsd` offers a better API.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
.. method:: FTP.dir(argument[, ...])
|
||||
|
||||
Produce a directory listing as returned by the ``LIST`` command, printing it to
|
||||
standard output. The optional *argument* is a directory to list (default is the
|
||||
current server directory). Multiple arguments can be used to pass non-standard
|
||||
options to the ``LIST`` command. If the last argument is a function, it is used
|
||||
as a *callback* function as for :meth:`retrlines`; the default prints to
|
||||
``sys.stdout``. This method returns ``None``.
|
||||
|
||||
.. note:: If your server supports the command, :meth:`mlsd` offers a better API.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
.. method:: FTP.rename(fromname, toname)
|
||||
|
||||
Rename file *fromname* on the server to *toname*.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
.. method:: FTP.delete(filename)
|
||||
|
||||
Remove the file named *filename* from the server. If successful, returns the
|
||||
text of the response, otherwise raises :exc:`error_perm` on permission errors or
|
||||
:exc:`error_reply` on other errors.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
.. method:: FTP.cwd(pathname)
|
||||
|
||||
Set the current directory on the server.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
.. method:: FTP.mkd(pathname)
|
||||
|
||||
Create a new directory on the server.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
.. method:: FTP.pwd()
|
||||
|
||||
Return the pathname of the current directory on the server.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
.. method:: FTP.rmd(dirname)
|
||||
|
||||
Remove the directory named *dirname* on the server.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
.. method:: FTP.size(filename)
|
||||
|
||||
Request the size of the file named *filename* on the server. On success, the
|
||||
size of the file is returned as an integer, otherwise ``None`` is returned.
|
||||
Note that the ``SIZE`` command is not standardized, but is supported by many
|
||||
common server implementations.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
.. method:: FTP.quit()
|
||||
|
||||
Send a ``QUIT`` command to the server and close the connection. This is the
|
||||
"polite" way to close a connection, but it may raise an exception if the server
|
||||
responds with an error to the ``QUIT`` command. This implies a call to the
|
||||
:meth:`close` method which renders the :class:`FTP` instance useless for
|
||||
subsequent calls (see below).
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
.. method:: FTP.close()
|
||||
|
||||
Close the connection unilaterally. This should not be applied to an already
|
||||
closed connection such as after a successful call to :meth:`~FTP.quit`.
|
||||
After this call the :class:`FTP` instance should not be used any more (after
|
||||
a call to :meth:`close` or :meth:`~FTP.quit` you cannot reopen the
|
||||
connection by issuing another :meth:`login` method).
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
FTP_TLS Objects
|
||||
---------------
|
||||
|
||||
:class:`FTP_TLS` class inherits from :class:`FTP`, defining these additional objects:
|
||||
|
||||
.. attribute:: FTP_TLS.ssl_version
|
||||
|
||||
The SSL version to use (defaults to :data:`ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23`).
|
||||
|
||||
.. method:: FTP_TLS.auth()
|
||||
|
||||
Set up a secure control connection by using TLS or SSL, depending on what
|
||||
is specified in the :attr:`ssl_version` attribute.
|
||||
|
||||
.. versionchanged:: 3.4
|
||||
The method now supports hostname check with
|
||||
:attr:`ssl.SSLContext.check_hostname` and *Server Name Indication* (see
|
||||
:const:`ssl.HAS_SNI`).
|
||||
|
||||
.. method:: FTP_TLS.ccc()
|
||||
|
||||
Revert control channel back to plaintext. This can be useful to take
|
||||
advantage of firewalls that know how to handle NAT with non-secure FTP
|
||||
without opening fixed ports.
|
||||
|
||||
.. versionadded:: 3.3
|
||||
|
||||
.. method:: FTP_TLS.prot_p()
|
||||
|
||||
Set up secure data connection.
|
||||
|
||||
.. method:: FTP_TLS.prot_c()
|
||||
|
||||
Set up clear text data connection.
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue