mirror of https://github.com/python/cpython
Add various items
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Andrew M. Kuchling
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@ -75,7 +75,23 @@ Python 3.0
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.. % XXX add general comment about Python 3.0 features in 2.6
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.. % XXX mention -3 switch
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The development cycle for Python 2.6 also saw the release of the first
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alphas of Python 3.0, and the development of 3.0 has influenced
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a number of features in 2.6.
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Python 3.0 is a far-ranging redesign of Python that breaks
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compatibility with the 2.x series. This means that existing Python
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code will need a certain amount of conversion in order to run on
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Python 3.0. However, not all the changes in 3.0 necessarily break
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compatibility. In cases where new features won't cause existing code
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to break, they've been backported to 2.6 and are described in this
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document in the appropriate place. Some of the 3.0-derived features
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are:
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* A :meth:`__complex__` method for converting objects to a complex number.
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* Alternate syntax for catching exceptions: ``except TypeError as exc``.
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* The addition of :func:`functools.reduce` as a synonym for the built-in
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:func:`reduce` function.
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A new command-line switch, :option:`-3`, enables warnings
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about features that will be removed in Python 3.0. You can run code
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@ -406,11 +422,6 @@ Other Language Changes
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Here are all of the changes that Python 2.6 makes to the core Python language.
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* Changes to the :class:`Exception` interface
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as dictated by :pep:`352` continue to be made. For 2.6,
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the :attr:`message` attribute is being deprecated in favor of the
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:attr:`args` attribute.
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* When calling a function using the ``**`` syntax to provide keyword
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arguments, you are no longer required to use a Python dictionary;
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any mapping will now work::
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@ -426,8 +437,29 @@ Here are all of the changes that Python 2.6 makes to the core Python language.
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.. % Patch 1686487
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* The built-in types now have improved support for extended slicing syntax,
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where various combinations of ``(start, stop, step)`` are supplied.
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Previously, the support was partial and certain corner cases wouldn't work.
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(Implemented by Thomas Wouters.)
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.. % Revision 57619
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* C functions and methods that use
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:cfunc:`PyComplex_AsCComplex` will now accept arguments that
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have a :meth:`__complex__` method. In particular, the functions in the
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:mod:`cmath` module will now accept objects with this method.
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This is a backport of a Python 3.0 change.
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(Contributed by Mark Dickinson.)
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.. % Patch #1675423
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* Changes to the :class:`Exception` interface
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as dictated by :pep:`352` continue to be made. For 2.6,
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the :attr:`message` attribute is being deprecated in favor of the
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:attr:`args` attribute.
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* The :func:`compile` built-in function now accepts keyword arguments
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as well as positional parameters. (Contributed by XXX.)
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as well as positional parameters. (Contributed by Thomas Wouters.)
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.. % Patch 1444529
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@ -487,17 +519,32 @@ complete list of changes, or look through the CVS logs for all the details.
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fieldnames)` is a factory function that creates subclasses of the standard tuple
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whose fields are accessible by name as well as index. For example::
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var_type = collections.NamedTuple('variable',
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'id name type size')
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var = var_type(1, 'frequency', 'int', 4)
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>>> var_type = collections.NamedTuple('variable',
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... 'id name type size')
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# Names are separated by spaces or commas.
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# 'id, name, type, size' would also work.
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>>> var_type.__fields__
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('id', 'name', 'type', 'size')
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print var[0], var.id # Equivalent
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print var[2], var.type # Equivalent
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>>> var = var_type(1, 'frequency', 'int', 4)
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>>> print var[0], var.id # Equivalent
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1 1
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>>> print var[2], var.type # Equivalent
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int int
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>>> v2 = var.__replace__('name', 'amplitude')
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>>> v2
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variable(id=1, name='amplitude', type='int', size=4)
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(Contributed by Raymond Hettinger.)
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* The :mod:`ctypes` module now supports a :class:`c_bool` datatype
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that represents the C99 ``bool`` type. (Contributed by David Remahl.)
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.. % Patch 1649190
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* A new method in the :mod:`curses` module: for a window, :meth:`chgat` changes
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the display characters for a certain number of characters on a single line. ::
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the display characters for a certain number of characters on a single line.
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::
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# Boldface text starting at y=0,x=21
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# and affecting the rest of the line.
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@ -505,11 +552,33 @@ complete list of changes, or look through the CVS logs for all the details.
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(Contributed by Fabian Kreutz.)
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* The :mod:`decimal` module was updated to version 1.66 of
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`the General Decimal Specification <http://www2.hursley.ibm.com/decimal/decarith.html>`__. New features
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include some methods for some basic mathematical functions such as
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:meth:`exp` and :meth:`log10`::
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>>> Decimal(1).exp()
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Decimal("2.718281828459045235360287471")
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>>> Decimal("2.7182818").ln()
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Decimal("0.9999999895305022877376682436")
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>>> Decimal(1000).log10()
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Decimal("3")
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(Implemented by Facundo Batista and Mark Dickinson.)
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* An optional ``timeout`` parameter was added to the
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:class:`ftplib.FTP` class constructor as well as the :meth:`connect`
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method, specifying a timeout measured in seconds. (Added by Facundo
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Batista.)
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* The :func:`reduce` built-in function is also available in the
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:mod:`functools` module. In Python 3.0, the built-in is dropped and it's
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only available from :mod:`functools`; currently there are no plans
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to drop the built-in in the 2.x series. (Patched by
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Christian Heimes.)
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.. % Patch 1739906
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* The :func:`glob.glob` function can now return Unicode filenames if
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a Unicode path was used and Unicode filenames are matched within the directory.
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@ -548,7 +617,7 @@ complete list of changes, or look through the CVS logs for all the details.
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.. % Patch #1490190
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* The :func:`os.walk` function now has a "followlinks" parameter. If
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* The :func:`os.walk` function now has a ``followlinks`` parameter. If
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set to True, it will follow symlinks pointing to directories and
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visit the directory's contents. For backward compatibility, the
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parameter's default value is false. Note that the function can fall
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@ -574,10 +643,17 @@ complete list of changes, or look through the CVS logs for all the details.
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On Windows, :func:`os.path.expandvars` will now expand environment variables
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in the form "%var%", and "~user" will be expanded into the
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user's home directory path. (Contributed by XXX.)
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user's home directory path. (Contributed by Josiah Carlson.)
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.. % Patch 957650
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* The Python debugger provided by the :mod:`pdb` module
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gained a new command: "run" restarts the Python program being debugged,
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and can optionally take new command-line arguments for the program.
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(Contributed by Rocky Bernstein.)
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.. % Patch #1393667
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* New functions in the :mod:`posix` module: :func:`chflags` and :func:`lchflags`
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are wrappers for the corresponding system calls (where they're available).
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Constants for the flag values are defined in the :mod:`stat` module; some
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@ -701,6 +777,17 @@ complete list of changes, or look through the CVS logs for all the details.
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(Added by Facundo Batista.)
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* The XML-RPC classes :class:`SimpleXMLRPCServer` and :class:`DocXMLRPCServer`
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classes can now be preventing from immediately opening and binding to
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their socket by passing True as the ``bind_and_activate``
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constructor parameter. This can be used to modify the instance's
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:attr:`allow_reuse_address` attribute before calling the
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:meth:`server_bind` and :meth:`server_activate` methods to
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open the socket and begin listening for connections.
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(Contributed by Peter Parente.)
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.. % Patch 1599845
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.. % ======================================================================
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.. % whole new modules get described in \subsections here
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@ -712,7 +799,7 @@ Build and C API Changes
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Changes to Python's build process and to the C API include:
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* Detailed changes are listed here.
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* Detailed changes will be listed here.
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.. % ======================================================================
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@ -737,7 +824,7 @@ are likely to be underestimates.
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Some of the more notable changes are:
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* Details go here.
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* Details will go here.
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.. % ======================================================================
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