diff --git a/Lib/test/test_compile.py b/Lib/test/test_compile.py
index fa74455fe7f..39d972c84f3 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_compile.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_compile.py
@@ -505,6 +505,26 @@ class TestSpecifics(unittest.TestCase):
         ast.body = [_ast.BoolOp()]
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, compile, ast, '<ast>', 'exec')
 
+    def test_compile_invalid_typealias(self):
+        # gh-109341
+        m = ast.Module(
+            body=[
+                ast.TypeAlias(
+                    name=ast.Subscript(
+                        value=ast.Name(id="foo", ctx=ast.Load()),
+                        slice=ast.Constant(value="x"),
+                        ctx=ast.Store(),
+                    ),
+                    type_params=[],
+                    value=ast.Name(id="Callable", ctx=ast.Load()),
+                )
+            ],
+            type_ignores=[],
+        )
+
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "TypeAlias with non-Name name"):
+            compile(ast.fix_missing_locations(m), "<file>", "exec")
+
     def test_dict_evaluation_order(self):
         i = 0
 
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2023-09-12-15-45-49.gh-issue-109341.4V5bkm.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2023-09-12-15-45-49.gh-issue-109341.4V5bkm.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9e99ef7eb73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2023-09-12-15-45-49.gh-issue-109341.4V5bkm.rst	
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Fix crash when compiling an invalid AST involving a :class:`ast.TypeAlias`.
diff --git a/Python/ast.c b/Python/ast.c
index a230c7eb79b..5f46d4149c2 100644
--- a/Python/ast.c
+++ b/Python/ast.c
@@ -773,6 +773,11 @@ validate_stmt(struct validator *state, stmt_ty stmt)
                validate_expr(state, stmt->v.AnnAssign.annotation, Load);
         break;
     case TypeAlias_kind:
+        if (stmt->v.TypeAlias.name->kind != Name_kind) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                            "TypeAlias with non-Name name");
+            return 0;
+        }
         ret = validate_expr(state, stmt->v.TypeAlias.name, Store) &&
             validate_type_params(state, stmt->v.TypeAlias.type_params) &&
             validate_expr(state, stmt->v.TypeAlias.value, Load);